A New Topology for High Step-Up DC-DC Converters

Transcription

1 A New plgy fr Hgh Sep-Up C-C Cnerers Seyed Hssen Hssen,, hd Jallzadeh, Nagh Rsam, and hammad aalandsh Faculy f Elecrcal and Cmpuer Engneerng, Unersy f abrz, abrz, Iran Engneerng Faculy, Near Eas Unersy, 9938 Ncsa, Nrh Cyprus, ersn, urkey hssen@abrzu.ac.r,.jallzadeh@abrzu.ac.r, n-rsam@abrzu.ac.r, m.maalandsh.ps@gmal.cm Absrac hs paper prpses a new plgy wh hgh lage gan and lw lage sress acrss he deces. he prpsed cnerer cmbnes he cnennal bs cnerer wh a swched-nducr branch (SIB) and ne nducr-capacrdde (L-C-) cell. he SIB s used a he npu sde whch cnsss f hree ddes and w nducrs. urng magnezan, he w nducrs are charged n parallel and dscharged n seres durng demagnezan. A he upu sde, abe-menned L-C- cell cmprsng w capacrs, ne nducr, and ne dde s used. herefre, he prpsed cnerer can achee hgh lage gans whu exreme duy cycle alues. Besdes, he nrmalzed deces lage sress s lw whch causes he deces nmnal lage be reduced. he peran prncples are explaned and he analyss f he deces lage sress s accmplshed. he crcu perfrmance s cmpared wh her sluns n he leraure. Eenually, he cnerer peran s erfed usng smulan resuls.. Inrducn Nwadays, seeral applcans such as unnerrupble pwer supples, elecrcal ehcles, and dsrbued generan emply hgh sep-up dc-dc cnerers []. Recenly, seeral ypes f hgh sep-up dc-dc cnerers hae been presened n he leraure. Applcan f slaed ransfrmer-based dc-dc cnerers due he ncreased sze, lume, and wegh and lw effcency s lmed []. Accrdngly, ransfrmer less hgh sep-up dc-dc cnerers are gd canddaes due he hgher effcency and lwer cs and wegh. herecally, he cnennal bs cnerer can prde hgh lage gan a duy cycles arund uny. Hweer, n praccal applcans, due he presence f parasc cmpnens f nducrs, capacrs, and semcnducrs, he lage gan n duy cycles arund uny s reduced. reer, n hs cnerer, he lage sress f he swch s equal he upu lage whch resrcs cnerer ulzan n hgh upu lages [3, 4]. he lage gan f cascaded bs cnerer presened n [5] s hgh a lw alues f he duy cycle. Neerheless, as he number f sages ncreases, he cnrl cmplexy s als ncreased and he lage sress acrss he swch s sll hgh [6]. Quadrac bs cnerer n [7] can alleae he cmplex cnrl prblem f he cascaded bs cnerer, hweer, he lage sress f he swch s equal he upu lage and he swch curren sress s hgh [8]. By adjusng he urn's ra f he cupled nducr and als duy cycle n he cupled-nducr-based cnerers, hgh lage gan s acheed, hweer, he leakage nducance resuls n hgher lage sress acrss he man swches [9]. he cmbnan f he nerleaed w bs cnerer wh a lage mulpler cell cmpsng swched capacrs and cupled nducrs, can prduce hgh lage gan and mnmze he npu curren rpple. Hweer, he cs and cnrl cmplexy s ncreased [, ]. he lage gan and effcency f he duble-bs cnerer n [] are hgh. Hweer, hs cnerer requres a large npu nducr fr reducng he npu curren rpple whch ncreases he manufacurng cs, crcu sze, and erall lsses. he lage gan f CUK-exensn cnerer n [3] s hgher han cnerer n [] and s semcnducrs lage sress s lw. Hgh-lage nerng Zea-dered plgy n [3] has semcnducrs lage sress whch appraches upu lage fr hgh alues f he lage gan. Swched-capacr-based bs cnerer n [4] can prduce a hgh lage gan, hweer, he semcnducrs lage sress s hgh. Cnerer presened n [5] s a hgh lage gan cnerer n whch as he lage gan ncreases, he lage sress n swches and ddes appraches he half f he upu lage. In hs paper, a nel hgh sep-up dc-dc cnerer cmbnng he cnennal bs cnerer wh a swched-nducr branch (SIB) and ne nducr-capacr-dde (L-C-) cell s prpsed. he prpsed cnerer pssesses he fllwng feaures: () Reducn f lage sress n pwer deces. () Aanng hgher lage gans wh lw duy cycles due he ulzan f SIB and L-C- cell. he paper s rganzed as fllws: n secn, he prpsed cnerer and s dealed analyss are presened. Analyss f he lage sress f he deces s perfrmed n secn 3. A Cmparsn beween he prpsed cnerer and her hgh sep-up plges n leraure s shwn n secn 4. he smulan resuls are gen n secn 5. Secn 6 s allcaed he cnclusn.. Prpsed Cnerer Srucure Fg. llusraes he prpsed hgh sep-up cnerer whch s cnsued hree man secns. he frs secn called SIB cmprses w nducrs and hree ddes. In he mddle and las secns, he cnennal bs cnerer s cmbned wh ne L-C- cell. hs cell cnsss f ne dde, w capacrs, and ne nducr. In he prpsed plgy, he swch S s he man swch and he her (S) s used as a synchrnus recfer. he peran prncples f he prpsed cnerer are explaned n deals n he fllwng. smplfy he cnerer analyss, he fllwng assumpns are cnsdered he npu lage surce s cnsan. All used deces are cnsdered deally, herefre he effcency s %. he capacances are hgh enugh ha her lage rpples can be gnred... Frs Operan de ( < )

2 he equalen crcu f he frs mde s shwn n Fg.. In hs mde, he swch S s urned n and he swch S s urned-ff. he ddes and are drecly based and he ddes 3 and 4 are reerse based. urng hs mde, he lage acrss he nducrs L and L s. Accrdngly, L and L are magnezed n parallel wh he npu lage. In hs mde, he curren f L, L, and L3 s lnearly ncreased. Based n Fg., s clear ha capacr C s charged by capacr C curren. Accrdng Fg., we hae () L () L3 C C (3) S C 3 (4) 4 C (5) nducrs curren. he ddes and are reerse based. urng hs mde, he nducrs L, L, and L3 curren are lnearly reduced. he capacrs C and C are charged by he currens S-L3 and 4, respecely. hen, he belw equans can be wren + (6) C C L C + (7) (8) L (9) L3 C C () S C Accrdng (7), fllwng equan can be wren n he secnd peran mde C L L L () By applyng l-secnd balance fr he nducrs L, L, and L3, he lage f capacrs wll be C C () By cmbnng (6) and (), he lage gan f prpsed cnerer () s baned as fllws I ( + ) I (3) Fg. demnsraes he key waefrms f prpsed cnerer. pulse S pulse S C,, ( + ), Fg.. he srucure f prpsed hgh sep-up dc-dc cnerer, he equalen crcu n he frs peran mde, he equalen crcu n he secnd peran mde.. Secnd Operan de ( < ) Fg. llusraes he equalen crcu f prpsed cnerer n he secnd peran mde. A me he swch S s urned ff and he swch S s urned n. reer, he ddes 3 and 4 are drecly based and creae a pah fr I, I, L 3 ( + ) ( + ) I I,3,3 L 3 ( ) C 3 S 4 S ( ) Fg.. Key waefrms f he prpsed cnerer

3 3. lage Sress Analyss In hs secn, deces lage sress are calculaed. lages are nrmalzed wh respec he upu lage (). Frm Eq. (3), he fllwng expressn can be wren ( ) (4) 3.. Nrmalzed lage Sress acrss Swches Usng (3), (), () and (4), he nrmalzed swches S and S lage sress (S and S) s equal 8 S C S, Nrmalzed lage Sress acrss des (5) Referrng Fg., s clear ha he ddes and maxmum lage s equal each her. Hence, usng (8), (), () and (4) he fllwng equan s baned, + 8 ( + ) (4 8 ) + + (6) upu lage. Fr capacr C, regardless f he lage gan, he nrmalzed lage sress s cnsan. Fr capacrs C and C, as he lage gan s ncreased, he nrmalzed lage sress appraches.5. Accrdngly, n he prpsed cnerer, he lage sress acrss he capacrs s lw whch makes pssble he use f lw nmnal lage capacrs. able. eces lage and curren sress ece Nrmalzed peak lage S and S + 8 and + 8 ( + ) + (4 + 8 ) 3 4 C C C ( + ) + 8 Accrdng Fg., he nrmalzed lage sress f dde 3 s equal 3 3 (7) Frm Fg. and usng (5), (), (3) and (4) he fllwng equan s baned fr nrmalzed lage sress f dde Nrmalzed lage Sress acrss Capacrs (8) By he use f () and (4), he nrmalzed lage sress f capacrs C and C s baned C C + 8 C C ( + ) (9) () Frm Fg., s bus ha he lage acrss he upu capacr s always equal. herefre, he nrmalzed lage sress acrss he capacr C s gen by C C () able shws he deces nrmalzed peak lage sress. Fg. 3 demnsraes he capacrs lage sress. As shwn n Fg. 3, he lage sress n enre capacrs excep C s less han he Fg. 3. he nrmalzed lage sress f he capacrs 4. Cmparsn Sudy In hs secn, a cmparsn s accmplshed beween prpsed hgh sep-up cnerer and her hgh sep-up cnerers n leraure, n erms f lage gan and nrmalzed lage sress acrss pwer swch and ddes. he resuls f he cmparsn are abulaed n able and are pled n Fg. 4. Fg. 4 llusraes a cmparsn beween he lage gan f prpsed cnerer and her hgh sep-up cnerers. As can be seen, fr <.64, he cnerer f Fg. (d) n [5] has hgher lage gan cmpared her sep-up cnerers n leraure. Fr >.64, he prpsed cnerer has hghes lage gan. reer, fr a same alue f he lage gan, he prpsed srucure peraes a smaller alues f he duy cycle whch smplfy he cnerer cnrllably and ncreases s sably. Fg. 4 demnsraes a cmparsn beween nrmalzed swch lage sress f he prpsed cnerer and fe her plges wh respec. Accrdng hs fgure, fr small alues f, cnerers f [], Fg. 6 n [3], [4], and Fg. (d) n [5] hae lwer nrmalzed swch lage sress n cmparsn wh he prpsed cnerer. Hweer, as he lage gan ncreases, S f prpsed plgy and cnerers f [], [4], and Fg. (d) n [5] all appraches.5.

4 cmpare he nrmalzed lage sress f he ddes beween he prpsed cnerer and fe her crcus graphcally, Fg. 4 s depced. Accrdng Fg. 4, he ddes,, and 3 f prpsed cnerer hae lwer nrmalzed lage sress cmpared her srucures. Cnerers n [] and [4] and cnerers f Fg. 6 n [3] and Fg. (d) n [5] hae lwer nrmalzed dde lage sress han dde 4 n prpsed cnerer. Besdes, as he ncrease, he nrmalzed lage sress f ddes,, 3, and 4 n prpsed cnerer appraches.5,, and.5, respecely. able. Cmparsn beween prpsed cnerer and her hgh sep-up plges plgy Prpsed [] Fg. n [3] Fg. 6 n [3] [4] Fg. (d) n [5] ( + ) + 4 S , ( + ) + (4 + 8 ) Smulan Resuls In rder erfy he herecal analyss, he prpsed cnerer f Fg. s smulaed by PSCA/EC sfware. he dece's specfcans f prpsed cnerer are abulaed n able 3. he smulan waefrms f prpsed srucure are shwn n Fgs able 3. he characerscs f prpsed cnerer Cnerer Parameer Inpu lage () uy Cycle f he Swch () C, C, and C Capacrs L-L3 Inducrs Swchng Frequency (f) alue.65 µf mh 33 khz he waefrms f he upu lage, ddes, 3, and 4 lage are shwn n Fg. 5. he waefrm f dde lage s n shwn because s smlar dde lage waefrm. I s bus frm Fg. 5 ha he alue f upu lage s alms 9. As shwn n Fg. 5,, and (d), he lage sress acrss ddes, 3, and 4 are less han he upu lage and alms,, and 56, respecely. hus, her nrmalzed lage sress s alms 3.9%, 3.4%, and 6.87%, respecely. Accrdng Fg 6 and, he lage sress f swches s abu 56. herefre, he nrmalzed swches lage sress s abu 6.87%. he lage waefrms f capacrs C and C are shwn n Fg. 6 and (d), respecely. As shwn n Fg. 6, he lage acrss he capacr C s nearly 56 whch s n gd agreemen wh he resul baned n Eq. (). Fg. 6(d) shws ha he capacr C lage s nearly 36. hs alue cnfrms herecal resul. he curren waefrm f he nducr L s shwn n Fg. 7. As shwn n hs fgure, he aerage curren f hs nducr s abu 5 A and s peak peak rpple s alms.5 A. hus, s percenage f curren rpple s 5%. Fg. 7 shws ha he upu curren s.5 A. hus, he upu pwer s abu 96 W. Fg. 4. Cmparsn f he prpsed cnerer and her hgh sep-up plges, he lage gan cmparsn, he nrmalzed swch lage sress cmparsn, he nrmalzed ddes lage sress cmparsn Fg 5. Smulan resuls f he prpsed cnerer, Oupu lage (), de lage (), de 3 lage (3), (d) de 4 lage (4) (d)

5 Fg 6. Smulan resuls f he prpsed cnerer, Swch S lage (S), Swch S lage (S), Capacr C lage (C), (d) Capacr C lage (C) Fg 7. Smulan resuls f he prpsed cnerer, Inducr L curren (L), Oupu curren (I) 6. Cnclusns In hs paper, a nn-slaed dc-dc cnerer wh hgh lage gan and lw lage sress acrss he deces s prpsed. he prpsed plgy cmprses ne SIB and cmbnan f he cnennal bs cnerer wh ne L-C- cell. he analyss f he lage sress f he deces s accmplshed. he crcu perfrmance s cmpared wh her sep-up srucures n he leraure n erms f lage gan and nrmalzed swch and ddes lage sress. Fr >.64, he prpsed cnerer has much hgher lage gan cmpared her cnerers n leraure. As he lage gan ncreases, S appraches.5 and,, 3, and 4 appraches.5,,.5, respecely. Fnally, he smulan resuls cnfrm he aldy f he herecal analyss. 7. References [] N. la, E. Adb, and H. Farzanehfard, "Sf-swched nn-slaed hgh sep-up C C cnerer wh reduced lage sress," IE Pwer Elecrn., l. 9, n. 8, pp. 7-78, June 6. [] S. Sahyan, H.. Suryawansh,.S. Ballal, and A.B. Shle, "Sf-swchng C C cnerer fr dsrbued (d) energy surces wh hgh sep-up lage capably," IEEE rans. Ind. Elecrn., l. 6, n., pp , N. 5. [3]. Nur, S.H. Hssen, E. Babae, and J. Ebrahm, "Generalsed ransfrmerless ulra sep-up C C cnerer wh reduced lage sress n semcnducrs," IE Pwer Elecrn., l. 7, n., pp , N. 4. [4]. aal Andsh; S.H. Hssen; R. Shalch Alshah, and. Jallzadeh, "An Impred Inerleaed Bs Cnerer wh Hgh lage Gan and Reduced Swchng Lsses fr Phlac Panels," 5h Cnference n Emergng rends n Energy Cnseran - EEC 6, A nsry f Energy, ehran, Iran. hps:// EEC5-EEC5_39.hml. [5] L. Huber and.. Janc, "A desgn apprach fr serer pwer supples fr newrkng applcans," n Prc. Appl. Pwer Elecrn. Cnf. Exps.,, New Orlns, USA, pp [6]. Nur, S.H. Hssen, and E. Babae, "Analyss f lage and curren sresses f a generalsed sep-up C C cnerer," IE Pwer Elecrn., l. 7, n. 6, pp , June 4. [7]. Orz-Lpez, J. Leya-Rams, L. az-salderna, J. Garca-Ibarra, and E. Carbajal-Guerrez, "Curren-mde cnrl fr a quadrac bs cnerer wh a sngle swch," n Prc. IEEE Pwer Elecrn. Spec. Cnf., 7, Orland, FL, USA, pp [8].A. Al-Saffar and E.H. Ismal, "A hgh lage ra and lw sress C C cnerer wh reduced npu curren rpple fr fuel cell surce," Renew. Energy, l. 8, pp , Oc. 5. [9]. Nur, S.H. Hssen, E. Babae, and J. Ebrahm, "A nn-slaed hree-phase hgh sep-up C C cnerer suable fr renewable energy sysems," Elecr. Pwer Sys. Res., l. 4, pp. 9-4, N. 6. [] K.C. seng and C.C. Huang, "Hgh sep-up hgh-effcency nerleaed cnerer wh lage mulpler mdule fr renewable energy sysem," IEEE rans. Ind. Elecrn., l. 6, n. 3, pp. 3-39, arch 4. [] A.J. Sabzal, E.H. Ismal, and H.. Behbehan, "Hgh lage sep-up negraed duble Bs Sepc C C cnerer fr fuel-cell and phlac applcans," Renew. Energy, l. 8, pp , Oc. 5. []. eerachary and F. affesse, "eadbea cnrller fr duble-bs C-C cnerer," n Prc. Cnerg. f echnl., 4, pp. -5. [3] E.H. Ismal,.A. Al-Saffar, A.J. Sabzal, and A.A. Fardun, "A famly f sngle-swch PW cnerers wh hgh sep-up cnersn ra," IEEE rans. Crcus and Sys. I: Regul. Pap., l. 55, n. 4, pp. 59-7, ay 8. [4] B. Axelrd, Y. Berkch, and A. Inc, "ransfrmerless C-C cnerers wh a ery hgh C lne--lad lage ra," n Prc. In. Symp. Crcus Sys., 3, Bangkk, haland. [5] E.H. Ismal,.A. Al-Saffar, A.J. Sabzal, and A.A. Fardun, "Hgh lage gan sngle-swch nn-slaed C-C cnerers fr renewable energy applcans," n Prc. IEEE In. Cnf. Susan. Energy echnl. (ICSE),, Kandy, Sr Lanka, pp. -6.