ICT Enabled Land Administration Systems for Sustainable Development. - the Danish Way. Looking at Darwin or Denmark?

Transcription

1 ICT Enabled Land Administration Systems for Sustainable Development Looking at Darwin or Denmark? - the Danish Way Prof. Stig Enemark Aalborg University, Denmark Vice-President of EXPERT GROUP MEETING UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE, 9-11 NOVEMBER 2005 Denmark at a glance The Danish Way - bridging the gaps 43,000 sq km 5 mill inhabitants One third lives in the capital area Flat country 70 % agriculture 10 % urban 7000 km coastline Wonderful Copenhagen Aalborg at the fjord 1

2 An Assessment of the Danish LAS based on the Land Management Paradigm General Land Policies Urban-rural zoning to prevent urban sprawl and to protect to countryside landscape E-Government E-Citizenship 3 km coastal zone protection line Regulation of retail trade to ensure a variety of shops in the villages and towns The Spatial Information Infrastructure The Public Information Server NSC produce the cadastral map and digital topo maps 1:10,000 (TOP10DK). Available through the map service Local authorities and utilities produce large scale topo maps on demand. Available on the municipal web services Digital registers available through the public information server. Cross reference register ensures Accessibility. Geocoded addresses in combination with the central population register ensures the link between people and land. The Public Information Server The Map Service 2

3 The Map Service The Planning Information Service County Administration Web Service Showing the various land-use restrictions The Municipal Web Service Different kind of maps, plans, and GIS analysis The Service Oriented IT Architecture Users: All kind User services: Self services collect and organise dat from different sources for specific purposes Case systems design and support the processes in government administration Common services: Information services support the distribution of data Administrative services secure the process of access to and updating of the data Data services: Provide functionality For distribution and administration Data: Official (authentic) governmental Registers and map databases Quality, authenticity, and actuality Flexibility and accessibility Standardisation Denmark A Land Registration Route Map Title Registry Lawyers or real estate agent Fixed Boundaries State guarantee compensation paid for errors or loss Public Index Map Agreement between parties Deed or Document Deed Registry General Boundaries Appeal to the courts Notaries Limited guarantee No Index Map Private custody No guarantee 3

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When a part o property is sold, subdivision must be carried out and registered in the cadastre prior to entering the deed into the Land Book The Land Book is based on the cadastral identification. There are no maps available at the Land Registry. Close interaction between the cadastre and the land book to ensure consistency Strata titles are entered in the land book and are not identified in the cadastre The Web-Cadastre Land Valuation and Taxation Buildings are not in the Cadastre They are registered in the Building and Housing Register Land Value per sq.m m Fuglsangsvej Røgelvej 13.00m 11bæ 11bz11by 1 11bv 11bu Brabrand Skovvej The Values are generated automatically on the basis of recorded sales prices - plus a human factor. Freds kov Sigridsvej 1ao 1an 1aq 1ar 1a x m Land Value in DKK per sq.m. > Property Value Fuglsangsvej 3gp 3 gl 3gk 3go 3gi Land and property valuation is carried out by the municipal authorities. øgelvej 13.00m 11bæ 11bz11by 1 11bv 11bu Brabrand Skovvej Fr edskov Sigridsvej 1ao 1an 1aq 1ar 1a x Property Value in million DDK < ½ ½ Land-Use Planning Decentralised Responsibility Integrated Land-Use Management National planning The Minister establishes the overall framework through guidelines and directives Regional plans The 12 regions revise their regional plans every 4th. year Local plans More than plans have been prepared since 1977 Municipal plans The 275 municipalities revise their plans every 4th. year Framework control: Planning at lower levels must not contradict planning decision at higher levels. The system ensures that undesirable development does not occur; and that desirable development is in line with the land-use regulations for sustainable development. However, the system can not ensure that desirable development actually happens at the right place and the right time. 4

5 Challenges and New Initiatives. Challenges and Barriers No overall Land Policy? No national policy for the Spatial Data Infrastructure? Implementation of e-government? Merging of the Cadastre and The Land Book? 3-D and Marine Cadastre? The Property Concept? New initiatives The ICT architecture The Land Book The Property Concept The Cadastral map The Multipurpose Cadastre Implementation of the new administrative reform The Service Oriented IT Architecture The Land Book This is the big issue that will drive the development of the LAS with regard to both policies, institutions and administrative processes The Land Book was digitised by The new project: Digitisation of the of archives Adjustment of procedures to Better reflect the ICT opportunities. On-line registration based on standard forms. The organisation will change: Closing down the local land registries Establishing one national land registry authority New Model? Titles registered in the cadastre Easements registered at the cadastral map Mortgage registered through the financial sector The Property Concept The Accuracy of the Cadastral Map A call for the educated use of the map The property concept is a legal term defined slightly different in the various Land acts (cadastre, land book, and valuation). There is a need to find a common term that should also accommodate other types of properties and Complex commodities There is a need to improve the accuracy of the cadastral maps (by upgrading) to obtain better consistency with the large scale topographic maps. 5

6 Should the cadastre host the land-use regulations? Today: Yes In the future: No! The Multipurpose Cadastre Currently, the cadastre is hosting a few land-use regulations such as the coastal protection zone, the dunes protection zone, and soil contaminated areas. From a legal as well as an administrative point view this is very problematic. In the future, using the service oriented IT- architecture, the cadastre will still be the basic (authentic) layer of registration. But the registration will be the responsibility of the various governmental authorities. This, again, calls for an educated use of the map to ensure consistency between the cadastral information and land-use restrictions. Land Information and Land-Use Planning - new administrative structure The new administrative reform by 1 January municipalities 100 > 30, counties 5 Land-use responsibilities moves from The 15 counties to new 100 municipalities Where and how does the knowledge and information bases move? It is all politically decided, but nobody really knows how to deal with it Final Remarks The objective of this presentation is to analyse the Danish LAS in terms of being an ICT enabled system for sustainable development. It can be concluded that the systems works well in support of sustainable development through en efficient land market and effective land-use management. The property layer is well integrated for asset management and the planning control system is well tailored for an decentralised and integrated approach to land-use management. The Land Information Infrastructure and the institutional arrangements need continuous attention to be adapted to ITC developments. The general awareness of the land management area as a coherent whole could still be improved. 6