The role of the core geospatial information infrastructure in the protection and management of the natural and cultural heritage of Greece

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1 The rle f the cre gespatial infrmatin infrastructure in the prtectin and management f the natural and cultural heritage f Greece Pans Llnis Surveying Engineer-Gegrapher, Ph.D. Head f the Gespatial Infrmatin Department HELLENIC CADASTRE 288 Mesgin Ave Chlargs Athens Tel. +30 (210)

2 The Hellenic Cadastre Hellenic Cadastre headquarters, City f Hlargs, Athens, Greece Hellenic Cadastre is a public agency in Greece respnsible fr the develpment and peratin f the Hellenic Natinal Cadastre, as well as, fr the develpment and management f the cre gedetic, cartgraphic, and gespatial data f the cuntry. The agency was established in January 2018 and succeeded the Hellenic Cadastral and Mapping Agency S.A. which was ablished. Hellenic Cadastre has been endwed with all cadastral, gedetic, cartgraphic, and gespatial data that had been cllected by its predecessr agencies and has been tasked t cmplete the develpment f the cadastre by and undertake its peratin. Llnis P. 2018, The rle f the cre gespatial infrmatin infrastructure in the prtectin and management f the natural and cultural heritage f

3 Cre gespatial data in the realm f the Hellenic Cadastre Main categries f cre gespatial data: Gedetic (Reference frames, crdinates) Cartgraphic (Vectr, imagery, DTM/DSM/DEM) Ge-spatial (Cadastral parcels etc.) Adpted frm the Hellenic NSDI Wrld Bank led wrking grup Llnis P. 2018, The rle f the cre gespatial infrmatin infrastructure in the prtectin and management f the natural and cultural heritage f

4 Cre Gedetic Data Operatin f the Hellenic Psitining System (HEPOS) HEPOS: Netwrk f the permanent statins C-financed by EU Purpse: Supprt the cadastral surveying prcess and the peratin f the cadastre. Cverage f the gedetic needs f the cuntry. System: One Prcessing Center and 98 permanent statins receiving GPS signals Cverage: Entire cuntry System: HTRS07, HGRS 87 Scale: Few centimeters (RTK) Few millimeters (pst-prcessing) Date f peratin: 2008 (nwards) Frequency / Plicy f updating: Cntinuus Frmat: ΡΙΝΕΧ, Cmpact RINEX Cmpliance: 100% Metadata: Ad hc Prvisin f data / services: Subscriptin (payment by time used) Payment by rder Web: Llnis P. 2018, The rle f the cre gespatial infrmatin infrastructure in the prtectin and management f the natural and cultural heritage f

5 Cre cartgraphic data Orthphtmaps (Large Scale Orthphtmaps 25 LSO25) Indicative example f an LSO25 rthphtmap C-financed by EU: Purpse: Supprt f: Cadastral surveying Operatin f the cadastre Other mapping needs f the cuntry Cverage: Entire cuntry System: HGRS 87 Scale: ~1:1.250 (GSD: 25cm) Precisin: RMSExy <0,35 m (achieved 0,18m) Date f creatin: Frequency / Plicy f updating: Once Frmat: Jpeg2000 Cmpliance: ~100% Metadata: Available in XML Prvisin f data / services: Available t agencies, individuals, and firms subject t natinal security regulatins Als, available are the LSO50 &VLSO20

6 Cre cartgraphic data Elevatin (Digital Elevatin Mdel LSO25) Indicative sample f Digital Elevatin Mdel (DEM) (LSO25) Curtesy: C-financed by EU: M. Paputsakis, Hellenic Cadastre Purpse: Creatin f rthphtmaps fr the develpment and peratin f the Hellenic Cadastre (byprduct). Cverage f the ther cartgraphic needs f the cuntry. Cverage: Entire cuntry System: HGRS 87 Scale: ~1:1.250 (Grid size: 2 m) Date f creatin: Frequency / Plicy f updating: Once Frmat: ESRI Flating Pint Grid Cmpliance: ~100% Metadata: Available in XML Prvisin f data / services: Prvided nly fr cases and circumstances allwed by natinal security rules and regulatins

7 Sample f a cadastral map fr an urban area Cre ge-spatial data Cadastral maps Purpse: Registratin and maintenance f real prperty rights in the cuntry. Fulfillment f the INSPIRE requirements. Cverage: Present: Areas f the 1 st and 2 nd Generatin f Cadastral Surveying Prjects Future: Entire cuntry System: HGRS 87 Scale: 1:1.000 & ~1:1.250 (Urban-built areas) RMSExy <0,56 m (achieved 0,20 m) 1:5.000 (Rural & ther areas) RMSExy <1,41 m (achieved 1,10 m) Date f creatin: 1999-present Frequency / Plicy f updating: Cntinuus Frmat: Shape files Cmpliance: ~100% Metadata: Available in XML Prvisin f data / services: T everybdy

8 Other ge-spatial data develped by Hellenic Cadastre 1945/1960 rthphtmaps 1945 rthphtmap f the area arund the Min. f Digital Plicy C-financed by EU: Cmpilatin f the 1945/60 rthphtmap Purpse: Creatin f the basemap fr the cmpilatin f the frest map f the cuntry (necessary fr the develpment f the Hellenic Natinal Cadastre). Cverage: Entire cuntry System: HGRS 87 Scale: ~1:5.000 (GSD: 1 m) Accuracy: <10 m. (Achieved:~6 m) Date f creatin: (Original phts taken in 1945) Frequency / Plicy f updating: Once Frmat: TIFF Cmpliance: ~100% Metadata: Available in XML Prvisin f data / services: Thrugh Hellenic Military Gegraphic Service Web:

9 Other ge-spatial data develped by Hellenic Cadastre 1945/1960 rthphtmaps Recent (2007) rthphtmap f the area C-financed by EU: Cmpilatin f the 1945/60 rthphtmap Purpse: Creatin f the basemap fr the cmpilatin f the frest map f the cuntry (necessary fr the develpment f the Hellenic Natinal Cadastre). Cverage: Entire cuntry System: HGRS 87 Scale: ~1:5.000 (GSD: 1 m) Accuracy: <10 m. (Achieved:~6 m) Date f creatin: (Original phts taken in 1945) Frequency / Plicy f updating: Once Frmat: TIFF Cmpliance: ~100% Metadata: Available in XML Prvisin f data / services: Thrugh Hellenic Military Gegraphic Service Web:

10 Cre spatial data infrastructure and natural heritage Frest maps f the cuntry An excerpt f a frest map: Depictin f the current status and f the changes that have happened since Legend The area bunded by the black line is a settlement (zned area). The areas in dark green are areas that have been always frests. The areas in light green are areas that have changed use since Delineatin f frests and frest-like areas is cnsidered t be an essential element fr the develpment f the cadastre in Greece because, by default, thse areas are cnsidered t be State land. Maps depicting thse areas (called frest maps ) are imprtant because they enable the State services t declare frest land (mainly State land). Cmpilatin f frest maps is made using standard phtinterpretatin methds n GSD 0,25-0,50 cm clr rthphtmaps and n GSD 1m, B&W rthphtmaps depicting the situatin in 1945/1960. Bth the situatin nw, as well as, the situatin that used t be in the past (1945 r 1960) are depicted n thse maps.

11 Cre spatial data infrastructure and natural heritage Frest maps f the cuntry An excerpt f a frest map depicting the situatin as in Legend The area bunded by the black line is a settlement (zned area). The areas in dark green are areas that used t be frests. The areas withut shading indicate ther uses (urban, agricultural). The 1945 frest maps are imprtant because they depict areas that used t be frests in the past and, thus, are, by default, State land. Ptential wners in such areas must prvide extensive dcumentatin f their title t secure land wnership. Areas that used t be agricultural in the past and have been cnverted t frests nw may be claimed (and accepted) as private land but their use (frest) cannt change Prgress made s far (2017): Areas having maps cmpiled: (Km 2 ) (~55%) [Ratified (partially): ~31%] Remaining: (Km 2 ) (45%). Time hrizn fr cmpletin: 2020.

12 Cre spatial data infrastructure and natural heritage Shre maps f the cuntry Base-map fr delineating the shre (C-financed by EU) Legend The red line indicates the brder line f the shre, as it was defined using standard prcedures (field surveying and grund validatin. The yellw line indicates the Preliminary brderline f the shre. The shre cmprises anther categry f public land that must be registered in the cadastre. It cnstitutes the brder zne f land t the sea. Delineatin f the shre using standard prcedures (grund surveying, n-site validatin by cmmittees) wuld require excessive amunts f time (fr mre than 70 years nly 10% f the shre was cvered) and mney (tens f millins f Eurs). Alternative strategy: Use f phtinterpretatin methds n GSD 25 cm, Clr+NIR rthphtmaps t delineate the Preliminary brderline f the shre. The prject was carried-ut within tw years ( ) and cst 2,6 millin Eurs.

13 Cre spatial data infrastructure and natural heritage Mnitring fr unauthrized cnstructin in fire-stricken areas f Attica Mnitred area, NE Attica Cntinuus mnitring f the area n a bi-mnthly basis Detectin f anthrpgenic changes in the area Reprting t the Inspectin Bdy fr Unauthrized Cnstructin The area was struck by fire in 2009 Mnitring has taken place since Ttal area cvered: ~270 sq. kms Detected anthrpgenic change in the mnitred area Argyriu A, Hutpuls I, 2018, Operatin f the remte sensing based peridic mapping system fr detecting unauthrized cnstructin in NE Attica, HellasGIS, 10 th Pahellenic Cnference, Athens, Nv , 2018

14 Cre spatial data infrastructure and natural heritage Accurate delineatin f the NATURA 2000 Netwrk areas Delineatin f the NATURA 2000 area (yellw line) in a muntainus village in Arcadia, Greece

15 Cre spatial data infrastructure and cultural heritage Depictin f archaelgical sites and ther pints f interest n base maps Aleptrypa Cave, Dirs, Mani, Greece Adpted frm Papathanasiu A et al., 2017, Nelithic Aleptrypa Cave in the Mani, Greece (Oxbw Bks 2018, Oxfrd & Philadelphia,

16 Cre spatial data infrastructure and cultural heritage Depictin f archaelgical sites and ther pints f interest n base maps Lcatins f lime kilns in Vlacherna, Arcadia, Greece (1945) After the cmplete destructin f the village by ccupatin frces in 1944, villagers established kilns in apprpriate lcatins t prduce lime in rder t rebuild their huses Thse kilns were abandned after the re-cnstructin tk place. Their remains may be discvered tday using the 1945 maps. After their prper recnstructin and preservatin, they may be used as attractin sites r pints f interest t researchers, hikers r visitrs. Similar explratins may be made fr ther features f histrical, archaelgical, r cultural interest (ld rads, trails, aqueducts, ruins etc.)

17 Cre spatial data infrastructure and cultural heritage Depictin f archaelgical sites and ther pints f interest n base maps Venetian cadastral map f the Bezenic village, Arcadia, Greece, 1699 Current cadastral map f the Vlaherna (Bezenic) village, Arcadia, Greece, 2018 Curtesy: Dimitris Kllintzas

18 Integratin f spatial data infrastructure with emerging technlgies CybEarth: Infrmatin augmentatin and display anntatin functinality Emerging areas f interactin with traditinal spatial data infrastructures 3-D mapping (Laserscanners, advanced 3-D data acquisitin devices) Augmented reality technlgies Virtual reality technlgies Adpted frm P. Partinevels, 2015, Winning prpsal f the 2015 Cpernicus Masters NCMA Spati-tempral Data Visualizatin Challenge

19 Summary and cnclusins Sample frm the LSO-25 data set in castal Greece The cre spatial data infrastructure play an enabler s rle in the prtectin and preservatin f the natural and cultural heritage f the cuntry The infrastructure may: Expand the range and cmprehensiveness f wrks that aim t safeguard the natural and cultural heritage Prvide/imprve access t data t a very large range f actual and ptential users Reduce the time and difficulty f perfrming tasks related t the studying and prtectin f the sites f interest Reduce the cst f carrying-ut prjects and activities that aim in the preservatin and enhancement f the natural and cultural heritage