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1 ARCHVAL REPORT ANDARCHAEO~OGCAL ASSESSMENT, ' NEW LSkARY StE,MACQUARE ~TREET SYDNEY W.THORP ll---r-' :.-.- et _... HO-USES OF. : D;'::::-"'~""'", ' ',.1 ~:--+-..',,1. 1-"-4--'..,...f, ' '\ --, '--"::::;-"'-1 ". ' ~~------~~----~--~~ ' \1 ( 11,.'1,. Prepared for the Publ'c Works Department August by A.A.R. AUSTRAUAN ARC la OLOG1CAL RESOURCES " Tel: '

2 :1 - ARCHVAL REPORT AND ARCHAEOLOGCAL ASSESSMENT ' NEW LBRARY STE,MACQUARE-.eTREET SYDNEY W.THORP Prepared for the Publc Works Department August 1983 by A.A.R. [~l1stralan ARCflAEOLOGcA- E,PSOURCES f Te!!:~.f~~~04.

3 ' ' ',', 1 NDEX Acknowledgements Preface to the Report 1.1 Locaton of Ste Ams Methods Constrants Format of Report Abbrevatons used n Text Synopss and Recommendatons 2.1 Synopss Recommendatons Land Grants,Dvson nto Allotments,Subsequent Ownershp 3.1 Early Land Grants,Dvson nto Allotments B 3.2 Subsequent Ownershp and Occupaton of Allotments a. Allotment A 10 b. Allotments Bl-3 10 c. Allotments B d. Allotments BB e. Allotmentc,C 11 f. Allotment'D 12 g. Allotment E 13 h. Allotment F Structural Development of the Allotments 4.1 Allotment A Allotments Bl Allotments B Allotments BB Allotment C Allotment D All'otment E 1B 4.B Allotment F 1B 5.0 Assessment of the Archaeologcal Potental 5.1 Preamble Allotments A,Bl Allotments BB Allotment C Allotment D Allotment E Allotment F Supplementary Documentaton, J

4 6.1 Footnotes to the Text 6.2 Bblography 7.0 Graphcs 7.1 Plates to the Text 7.2 Plans to the Text

5 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS would lke to thank the followng people for ther assstance n complng ths report: The staff of Mtchell Lbrary The staff of the State. Archves Author±ty of NSW. Ms D.Rhodes of the Dxon Lbrary for allowng access to her report on ths ste. Mr B.Roser. Those plates and plans desgnated wth a Mtchell Lbrary source are rep~dduced by permsson of the Lbraran

6 3 1.0 PREFACE TO THE REPORT 1.1 LOCATON OF STE The area consdered n ths report has a dual classfcatonthe prmary ste and secondary stes. The prmary ste s that whch s now occuped by the temporary parlamentary buldng drectly on the Macquare Street frontage between the State Lbrary of NSW artd Parlament House (Allotments C/D/E/partally BB-15) However/as ths small secton could not be ether consdered or researched n solaton secondary stes were dentfed and dscussed. These are the State Lbrary Ste (Allotment F) and the remander of the block housng the prmary ste on ts eastern frontage (Allotments Bl-15). n effect/therefore/the entre study s concerned wth the area between the Cahll Expressway and Parlament House (on a north/south axs) and Macquare Street and Hosptal Road (on an east/west axs). PlLan No.l 1.2 AMS The prmary am of ths report s to provde a resource document outlnng the archaeologcal potental of ths area and the acton consdered necessary to be taken durng ts future dsturbance. Archval research has been carred out to determne the successve occupatons and/therefore/the lkely mpact on ste. However,there s no detaled documentaton for each dentfed structure. Ths was consdered to be beyond the parameters of the bref and,secondly,the tme allowed for the study restrcted ts scope. Basc archval research of graphc and documentary resources was carred out n the major repostores. Secondary sources were not consulted due to the tme constrants. n ths report selectve use of the documentaton, partcular~,y the graphc materal, has been made as the.atent of ths report s dfferent to that of an archtectural search.

7 4 For convenence both the prmary and secondary stes have been broken up nto allotments each wth an alphabetcal desgnaton and n s6me cases a numercal sub-groupng e.g. Allotment C,B6. The allotments are based on early land grant dvsons. The subsequent constructon n the area conforms very closely to these boundares. For each allotment short descrptons of the partcular land grant,subsequen~ ownershp, constructon and assessment of the lkely archaeologcal potental have been outlned n the relevant sectons. The short tme allowed for ths rep6rt defned the extent and depth of research whch, as stated,covered only the major repostores. t was found that,wthout excepton, the buldngs on both the prmary and secondary stes were poorly documented. n a number of cases they were not documented at all ether through the loss of records or the probablty that no orgnal records were made~ Ths necesstated that a large secton of the research was based on comparatve map study and ths form of research must always be treated wth cauton. The relablty of an archaeologcal assessment nc.reases wth the extent and detal of the avalable documentaton hence, n ths case,the assessment of the potental arcbaeologcal resource was severely lmted by the mnmal archval materal. 1.5 FORMAT OF REPORT' The body of ths report s n fve major sectons. The frst secton (3.0) s concerned wth the archval evdence for ownershp and occupaton of the varous allotments. Secton 4.0 dscusses the structural development of each allotment as far 'as t may be defned. Secton 5.0 provdes an assessment of the archaeologcal potental of the varous allotments, ther elements and nterplay. The fourth major secton (6.0) presents the supplementary documentaton (footnotes and bblogra~hy)

8 5 and Secton 7.0 the selected graphc materal (plates and plans). The followng secton (2.0) gves a synopss of the evdence and recommendatons based on the assessment. 1.6 ABBREVATONS USED N THE TEXT B.T. Bonwck Transcrpts HRA Hstorcal Records of Australa HR of NSW Hstorcal Records of NSW ML Mtchell Lbrary RAHS Royal Australan Hstorcal Socety SA NSW State Archves Authorty of NSW SPF Small Pcture Fle

9 ,J SYNOPSS AND RECOMMENDATONS 2.1 SYNOPSS The earlest traced land grant, AllotmentA,n ths area was ssued n Subsequently fve others were granted wth one beng subdvded nto ffteen allotments (Allotments Bl-15). The frst known buldng constructed on the ste was the Lght Horse Barracks ntated by Governor Macquare n c.1810 later used as the Female School of ndustry and ultmately the ste of the State Lbrary (Allotment F). A large percentage of both the prmary and secondary stes was devoted to domestc occupaton rangng fro'm the lower mddle class to the professonal groups. The earlest dentfable of these dwellngs was n exstence by 1816 (Allotments C,D). The others,as well as small commercal enterprses,range n date from approxmately the same tme to the nclusve. Most had been demolshed by the 1890s. The latest nneteenth century constructon was the "ron Church" bult on Allotment D n Durng the later years of the nneteenth century the prmary ste (Allotments C~D and E) was gradually encroached upon by addtonal buldngs for parlamentary purposes. Fnally, n the early years 0f ths century a tenns court/ bowlng green wth subsdary buldngs was constructed over the ste. n 1975 the temporary buldng now on ths ste was erected. The secondary stes have become part of the parlamentary extensons (Allotments Bl-15) and the State Lbrary ste (Allotment F). '[

10 1 ' 2.2 a. b. c. 7 RECOMMENDATONS That durng the ntal excavaton and subsequent dsturbance on ste an archaeologst be present to supervse the same. That f durng the course of excavatons any features, relcs or artefacts are unearthed or exposed provson s made for the supervsng archaeologst to take whatever acton s necessary to record and retreve ths resource. Ths may take the form of mnmal excavaton and/or clearance, photographc recordng, artefact retreval or any other approprate archaeologcal technque. That provson be made n the documentaton for the work schedules to allow for the possblty of archaeologcal work becomng necessary durng the course of excavaton.

11 8 3.0 EARLY LAND GRANTS/DVSON NTO ALLOTMENTS AND SUBSEQUENT OWNERSHP 3.1 EARLY LAND GRANTS/DVSON NTO ALLOTMENTS. The earlest land grant ssued on ths ste was that gven to Wllam Bennett by Governor Kng (1). Shown on the 1807 James Meehan plan of Sydney (ML Ref. M /1807/1) as Allotment 82 t encompassed n area sectons of the later stes of Rchmond Vlla, the Doman Terrace and parlamentary buldngs. There s no evdence for any constructon havng taken place on ths grant (Plan No.2 Allotment A). n 1814 Maurce 0 : Connell was granted three roods and thrty-four and a half perches (about one acre) of land facng the Doman (2) whch encompassed the Bennett grant (3). n 1823 ths grant was transferred to Sr John Wylde the Judge Advocate (41. wh6,n turn, sold t to W.C.Wentworth n 1831 (!D) (Plan No.2 Allotment B). n 1835 the Wentworth allotment was subdvded nto ffteen sub-allotments and these were sold at aucton (6) (Plan No.2 Allotments Bl-1S). Seven, n the eastern secton of the grant, had frontages to the Doman (Plan No.2 Allotments Bl-7). The southernmost three of these (Plan No.2 Allotments Bl-3) and one other were subsequently wthdrawn for prvate sale. Allotments Bl-3 were soldre~pectvely to Lesle Dugud (Managng Drector of the CBC),A.B.Spark (Treasurer of the AGL) and N.Carr. n 1849 these three lots were provsonally purchased by Mortmer llews (7). The remanng three sold at aucton went to F.Stephen,.D.Nchols and T.H.James. These subsequently formed part of the Rchmond Terrace land (8) (Plan No.2 Allotments B4-7). Of the subsequent development of the remanng eght suballotments (Plan No.2 Allotments B8-1S) there s lttle evdence. t s clamed that these were orgnally owned by J.Buckley (9), Certanly by the 1880s they were part of the W.C.Wentworth estate (10). Of the area of land frontng Macquare Street and of prmary concern to ths report three separate grants, possbly ssued as early as the O'Connel1 grant, are recognzable. Allotment C (Plan No.2) was gven to Sr John

12 9 Wylde (11) and later acqureg n 1831 by W.C.Wentworth (12). Between ths date and 1837 eghteen feet was excsed along the northern boundary to form the Doman Terrace roadway (13). Allotment D (,lan No.2) was orgnally granted to Joseph Buckley (14) and Allotment E was ssued to a Jemma Eager (15). Allotment F (Plan No.2) the ste of the Female School of ndustry would seem to have been alenated by Governor Macquare n c.1809/10 for the purpose of establshng hs Lght Horse Barracks.

13 - : SUBSEQUENT OWNERSHP AND OCCUPATON OF ALLOTMENTS 3.2a ALLOTMENT~'A (Secondary Ste) There s no evdence for any subsequent development on ths grant after the ntal ssue. 3.2b ALLOTMENTS Bl-3 (Secondary Ste) These three allotments were bought n 1849 by Mortmer Lews and upon them n c.1850 he bult Rchmond Vlla. Lews only occuped the house for about a year (1) and thereafter t passed nto other hands. t was ultmately acqured by James Wllams on December 19,1863 (2). From ths date Wllams and hs trustees appear to have retaned possesson of the house and grounds untl ts resumpton by the Crown (3). The vlla-became the offces for varous parlamentary people and for a consderable perod was the home for the Country Party. t was removed from ths ste n the 1970s to become the offces for the ~ocety of Genealogsts n the Rocks (4). The ste s now encompassed by the parlamentary extensons. Plates: 1 Plans: 5,7,8,9,10,11 3.2c ALLOTMENTS B4-7 (Secondary Ste) Part of ths ste was sold at the 1835 aucton to Stephen,Nchols and James. The subsequent ownershp after ths has not been traced. By 1854 Rchmond Terrace had been bult here (Plan No. 7 ). Durng the nneteenth century ths was prvately occuped by people of the professonal class,doctors,lawyers etc. Early n ths century, however, the terraces had been taken over to serve as government offces (1). The terrace appears to have been demolshed before 1938 and the ste has snce been encompassed by the parlamentary extensons. Plates: 2,3,4,9 Plans: 5,7,8,9,10,11 3.2d ALLOTMENTS B8-15 (Secondary Ste, partal prmary ste) There s very lttle docum~ntaton for the

14 11 development of ths ste. t s clamed that the area was orgnally owned by Joseph Buckley (1). By 1880 Campbell clams that t was owned by the trustees of the Wentworth estate (2). By 1854 the Doman Terraces had been constructed (Plan No. 7). Descrbed n 1911 by "Old Chum",he stated that there were sx houses on one sde (the northern secton) and twelve on the other (the southern secton facng east). Ths arrangement s seen on the 1860 plan (Plan No. 8 ). He also states that, n contrast to Rchmond Terrace,these houses were occuped by journeymen, tradesmen, stonemasons, prnters,carpenters,currers,talors,shoemakers,labourers etc (3). By 1895,of the eghteen cottages~only numbers 1-13 are lsted n the Sands Drectory and by.1897 only numbers 12 and 13 (4). Ths was due to the encroachment of the parlamentary facltes vz.the stables and extensons to the assembly chamber (5). From 1901 these numbers (12 and 13) are gven as 12 and 14 (6). n 1908 no resdent s recorded and the occupants are stated to be Frank Kent and the Cty Tramway Power Substaton (7). From 1911 to 1927 only one name s gven and from 1928 the Doman Terrace ceased to be lsted as a street (8). The further extensons to Parla.ment House and the landscapng for the tenns court/ bowlng green completely covered ths ste. Plates: 2,3 Plans: 5,7~8,9,10,11 3.2e ALLOTMENT C (Prmary Ste) Ths allotment, after ts orgnal ownershp by Sr John Wylde,was acqured by W.C.Wentworth n 1831(1). Between ths tme and 1837 eghteen feet was excsed along thp northern boundary to form the road that gave access to the Doman Terraces (2). The earlest drectory reference for a resdent s n 1855 for a Mrs Edwards (3). n 1857 Joel H.Asher,merchant,s lsted (4).. By 1867 Wllam Mathews,coach propretor, s lsted at the address and hs famly and busness,a lvery stable, contnued to occupy the ste untl 1890(5).

15 From the early 1860s (and possbly the later 1850s) two separate premses were located on Allotment C. Ths s consstent for The Mathews famly and busness contnuously occuped one, the other had a frequently changng tenancy (6),however,t was alway used as a domestc resdence. n 1890 lstngs cease presumably because the buldngs were demolshed. By 1908 thp bowlng green/ tenns court and assocateddevelopments had covered the ste. n 1975 the temporary parlamentary buldng was constructed. Plates: 2,5(left secton),6 (left secton),8 (left secton),10,12,13 Plans: 3,4,5,6~7~8~9~10~11 3.2f ALLOTMENT D (Prmary Ste) Orgnally granted to Joseph Buckley,ts subsequent ownershp s obscure untl 1854 when the ste s shown as beng unoccuped (Plan No. 7). t appears to have been the locaton for a prvate resdence, "Old Chum" states that t belonged to John Flexman a hay and corn dealer (1). n 1854 the ste was sold to the Free Church of Scotland for 2060 (2). On ths was erected the popularly known "ron Church". There s some dscrepancy n the sources wth regard to the date of ths event,however,when the buldng was demolshed at Rookwood n 1958 a bottle was ; found n one of the towers wth a hand wrtten document nsde ntended as a "tme capsule". Ths clearly states that the buldng was mported from Scotland and erected n Macquare Street n 1857 (3). The buldng was made n the yards of Robertson and Lster n Glasgow and was one of two smlar n sze and appearance to each other, the only excepton beng that the Macquare Street church had two towers to ether sde the other church a sngle central spre. The dmensons of each were seventy-three feet long and forty-fve feet wde (4). t was dedcated as Sant Stephen's Presbyteran Church (the second of that name). n 1875 the buldng was sold by the Church

16 , 13 after t acqured another buldng n Phllp Street (5). Durng 1876 the former church was apparently vacant, t s lsted n Sands Drectory as the"late St Stephen's Presbyteran Church" (6). From 1877 to 1880 t was used by Samuel Fredman as a tweed clothng factory (7) and from 1881 untl ts removal n 1899 t served as the lendng branch of the Publc Lbrary (8). From Macquare Street the church was taken down and re-erected at Rookwood Asylum (later known as the Ldcombe State Hosptal) where t served as a recreaton room, dnng hall and chapel (9). After ts removal the tenns court/bowlng green took over the ste and n 1975 the temporary parlamentary buldng was erected. Plates: 2,3,5,6,7,8,9,10 Plans: 3,4,5,6 7,8,9,10,11 3.2g ALLOTMENT E (Prmary Ste) Orgnally owned by Jemma Eager the deeds were ressued to W.C.Wentworth n 1849 (1). The allotment seems to have always been, untl ts ncorporaton nto the parlamentary ste,a prvate resdental block. n Oswald Campbell~an artst, resded here (2) and thereafter a rapdly changng tenancy (3) un~l 1875 when the premses frst become a boardng house owned by Mrs Fanny Spencer (4). Apparently unsuccessful, n the followng years untl 1880 the resdence reverted to prvate hands (5). n 1880 Mss S.Lennon owned the ste and she tul;:lned the house nto a boardng house,the famous "Rose Cottage". n 1893 ths lstng ceases and t s lkely that at ths tme the cottage was demolshed. (6) n 1897 the parlamentary buldngs began to encrqach upon the ste,a number of lavatores and offces beng bult towards the rear of the allotment (7). The bowlng green/tenns court completely covered the ste. The temporary buldng was erected n Plates: 2,5 (rg-_t secton), 6 (rght secton), 8 Plans: 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11

17 14 3.2h ALLOTMENT F (Secondary Ste) Ths allotment, the School of ndustry ste, appears to have frst been alenated by Governor Macquare to establsh barracks and stablng for hs Lght Horse Guard. Ths s one of the least known of the Macquare buldngs and vrtually no documentaton survves n May 1809 Castlereagh authorzed Macquare to construct accomodaton for hs regment (1). t would seem that by July 1810 work had begun and was expected to proceed rapdly (2). n October 1811 Macquare reported to Lverpool that la new Range of Barracks for the accomodaton of the troops was completed n the later part of last year... 1 (3). However, Commssoner Bgge reported that the Lght Horse stables were not completed untl 1812 (4). There are no extant plans for the buldng,no specfcatons and only two accounts n 1819 and 1820,both for 20 to Edward Cureton for partal payment l erectng wall round Lght Horse Barracks ll (5). The only descrpton of the Barracks was recorded by Macquare hmself n He descrbed t as a Brck Bult Barrack stuccoed for the Governors Guard of Lght Horse and stablng for 16 horses and Garden enclosed wth a Stone Dwarf Wall ll (6) After the departure of Macquare n 1821 and durng the temporary establgbment of Government House at Parramatta,the necessty for the Governor's Horse Guard appears to have dmnshed untl n 1826 the remnant of the. detachment was transferred and the buldng was granted to the Church of England nsttuton for lthe mantenance and tranng of ffty female chldren of poor parentage n cookng and general domestc dutes under the name of the Sydney Female School of ndustryll(7). On the change of occupaton certan alteratons had to be carred out. n May 1826 t was stated that the buldng was beng prepared wth every possble expedtonll (8) and n June t was reported that 11 stonemasons, brcklayers, carpenters etc etc are as busy as bees. 1 (9). After the School moved nto the premses t was found to be necessary to make further addtonal

18 : 15 alteratons. The annual report of 1827 states that ".. several alteratonsboth n the nteror and exteror of the premses have been made whch although on frst vew may appear to have been of a trflng nature have nevertheless tended greatly to the comfort and neatness of the school".(10). There are no extant detals for any of these alteratons. The gudelnes of the school were smple:grls were clothed and boarded and taught basc household dutes. They were not allowed to leave the school unless expelled or a st'uaton found 'for them (11). n short the school provded traned servants for those that supported t. n 1869/70,possbly due to the poor condton of the buldngs, the decson was made to move the School of 'ndustry to a ste n Darlnghurst. The Colonal Archtect valued the Macquare Street ste at ths tme at 14,500 but clamed that lthe old buldngs wll not more than pay the cost of removal 11 (12). The School was removed n the 1870s and theust.e,seems to have become a small park or garden. n 1879 the Macquare Street Resumpton Act was put nto effect whch gave the State Government the power to resume the land betweenfue 1843 Chamber and the Bent Street entrance to the Doman. Ths was to allow the erecton of new parlamentary buldngs (13). n 1888 the foundaton stone for the new buldngs was lad on the old school ste (14),however,n the Depresson of 1893 all such schemes were abandoned. Thereafter the ste was not touched agan untl the constructon of the State Lbrary whch opened n Plates: 2,3,10,11,12,13,14 Plans: 3,4,5,6,7,8

19 ' \ STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE ALLOTMENTS 4.1 ALLOTMENT A (Secondary Ste) There s no evdence to suggest that any structure was bult on ths ste. 4.2 ALLOTMENTS Bl-3 (Secondary Ste) There s no evdence for any buldng on the ste earler than Rchmond Vlla bult c f not orgnally then certanly by 1860 three other buldngs were constructed, two n the extreme south-west corner of the ste and a sngle small buldng n the north-west corner. Ths arrangement was current n the 1880s. By the turn of the century these buldngs h.ad been demolshed and the area landscaped. By 1929 a covered way led from the Vlla to the man parlamentary complex. Durng the 1970s Rchmond Vlla was removed to ts new ste and the area s now encompassed n the parlamentary extensons. Plates: 1 Plans: 5,7,8,9,10, ALLOTMENTS B4-7 (Secondary Ste) There s no evdence for any constructon on ths ste before Rchmond Terra~e was bult n the 1850s. Th~ terrace covered the entre ste on an oblque angle wth a number of outbuldngs to the rear (west). The number of these outbuldngs had ncreased by the 1880s. Some of these were demolshed durng the early years of ths century. The terrace was demolshed before 1,938 and the ste s now encompassed by the parlamentary extensons. Plates: 2,3,4,9 Plans: 5,7,8,9,10, ALLOTMENTS B8-15 (Secondary Ste" partal. prmary ste) There s no evdence for any constructon on ths ste before the Doman Terrace was bult n the 1850s. Ths occuped the ste untl the 1890s when parts were demolshed to make way for parlamentary buldngs. The remander

20 17 was demolshed shortly thereafter. Further parlamentary buldngs wpre then bult upon t and t s now encompassed wthn the parlament house st@.and natrowly ncluded-n the area of the new lbrary extensons. Plates: 2,3 Plans: 5,7,8,9,10, ALLOTMENT C (Prmary Ste) The earlest evdence for constructon on ths grant s from 1816 when two buldngs are shown, one to the Macquare Street frontage, the second to the rear (east) of ths and partally on Allotment D. Both are lkely to have been prvate cottages. By 1837 two structures are stll apparent. The Macquare Street buldng appears to be the same as that of 1816.The secmnd,however,has ether been extended or s a new buldng. f t s the same an extenson had arso been ] placed on ts southern elevaton on Allotment D. Ths arrang~ment was current durng the 1840s. By 1854 the rear (eastern) buldngs had gone although the documentaton for ths (Plan No. 7) s not as relable as the 1860 plan (Plan No. 8 ). Ths ndcates an extensve seres of buldngs over the entre ste. The cottage ll on the Macquare Street frontage would appear to be stll n stu though enlarged. Ths grou~must largely be comprsed of the Mathews lvery stables complex. Ths arrangement s current n the 1880s. Photogra~hs show the structures to be shngled and weatherboarded They were demolshed n the 1890s. The ste was landscaped for the tenns court/bowlng green at the turn of the century and a wall bult along the Macquare Street frontage. The ste now les under the temporary parlamentary buldng. Plates: 2,5(left secton),6(left secton),8(left secton),10,12,13 Plans: 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, ALLOTMENT D (Prmary Ste) As descrbed n Secton 4.5 the earlest evdence for constructon on ths ste s the 1816 plan (Plan No~ 3 where a prvate cottage (presumably) ntruded from Allotment C. By 1822 another small cottage s shown n the south-west

21 ,, 18 corner of the allotment and by 1837 a large buldng s shown coverng the entre Macquare Street frontage of Allotments D and E. n 1843 ths arrangement was stll current, however,by 1854 the ste s shown as unoccuped. n 1857 the ron Church was erected here and occuped the ste unt~ After ts removal the ste became part of the tenns court/bowlng green arrangement and s now under the temporary parlamentary buldng. Plates: 2,3,5,6,7,8,9,10 Plans: 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, ALLOTMENT E (Prmary Ste) One cottage s shown on ths ste n 1822 and by 1837 there s part of a large buldng stretchng across both Allotments D and E wth an eastern extenson to t on Allotment E. n 1854 one cottage s shown although by 1860 a smlar arrangement to that shown n 1837 s currpnt wth the addton 0,:'5 a small outbuldng n the extreme northeast corner of the ste. By 1888a further extenson had been made to the cottage along the parlamentary boundary. Ths arrangement was current untl t was demolsged n the 1890s. The tenns court/bowlng green was constructed on ths ste and the temporary parlamentary buldng was later bult here n Plates: 2,5Jrght secton),6(rght secton),8 Plans: 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, ALLOTMENT F (Secondary Ste) Throughout ts entre lfe as frst a barracks and then a school only two buldngs are ever shown, the man school buldng on Macquare Street (although the entrance was on the far sde) and a second small outbuldng n the extreme south-e'ast corner of the ste. Both were demolshed at the same tme n the 1870s and the only other buldng to occupy the ste has been the lbrary. Plates: 2,3,10,11,12,13,14

22 ASSESSMENT OF THE ARCHAEOLOGCAL POTENTAL,ALLOTMENTS A-F 5.1 PREAMBLE A defntve archaeologcal assessment of a ste and ts potental s dependent on the extent and detal of avalable archval materal. n all cases on both the prmary and secondary stes ths data was absolutely mnmal. The assessment, therefore, of these stes s necessarly lmted. Wthout detals of constructon t s mpossble to determne the mpact a buldng wll have on a ste and n turn the mpact that succeadng structures wll have on both the ste and the features whch have preceeded t. t s generally possble, n broad terms,to assess a gven ste when the nature of the potental feature s known by usng comparatve archtectural technques, however, n the case of ths prmary ste 90% of the buldngs have only a presumed functon due to the poor documentaton. The followng assessment, therefore, s necessarly cautousand the recommendatons also reflect ths atttude. 5_2 ALLOTMENTS A,Bl-7 Due to the crcumstances of Allotment A there s unlkley to be any features or evdence left on ste. Allotments Bl-7 are beyond the prmary area of concern and the area has been extensvely redeveloped n recent tmes. t s extremely unlkley that evdence Df the extensve nneteenth century buldngs would reman. t s also unlkley that any subsdary features relevant to these would be ntrusve nto the prmary ste. The lkelhood of any evdence from ths area beng recovered durng the future redevelopment s mnmal. 5.3 ALLOTMENTS B~-15 The northern secton of these allotments s ntrusve nto the prmary ste. The nneteenth century development of ths area was concerned only wth the Doman Terraces and the assocated out-buldngs. The extent of ths development as well as the subsdary features, manly dranage patterns, water and sewerage lnes and small artefact materal (dumps?),presupposes an

23 .. 20 extensve mpact on the ste. t slkely that the later parlamentary buldngs removed or dsturbed a consderable amount of ths evdence, however, the probablty of evdence of the subsdary features remans good. t s consdered that nether the landscapng for the tenns court/bowlng green nor the foundatons for the temporary buldng have had an extensvely damagng mpact although they would certanly have dsturbed the upper strata. t s consdered, therefore, that dsturbance of the ste may reveal dranage lnes and/or small artefact materal assocated wth the Doman Terrace complex. t s possble, though less lkely, that foundatons of later parlamentary buldngs may also be found. 5.4 ALLOTMENT C Ths ste has had a long and extensve buldng hstory from at least as early as 1816 to the 1890s. The potental archaeologcal materal s concerned prmarly wth lower mddle class domestc and small commercal enterprse whch, f ntact,would be a unque archaeologcal dscovery n Macquare Street to date. However,the probablty of the materal remanng n stu s dffcult to determne for the reasons outlned n Secton 5.1. At the mnmum t s expected that small artefact materal representatve of the ste functon wll be recovered. Wth regard to the structural evdence t s consdpreq that evdence may be retaned, albet dsturbed, and ths s more lk~ly to occur towards_the Macqtlare Street frontage rather than to the rear (east) of the block due to the les-ser mpact that the landscapng for the tenns court/bowlng green and the preparaton for the foundatons of the temporary buldng would have had than the ste preparaton requred for the later parlamentary buldngs to the east. f structural materal remans n ths secton of-allotment C t more lkely to be from these later buldngs than the earler domestc structures. n addton to ths there s a very small possblty of future excavaton unearthng the remans of

24 21 dranage patterns from the Barracks/School from ts earlest phase of occupaton. 5.5 ALLOTMENT D Ths allotment represents a smlar stuaton to Allotment C wth a smlar buldng span from c.1816 to the 1890s. However,the probablty of evdence of the earler domestc structures s less lkely than that of Allotment C due to the later constructon of Sant Stephen's Church whch s lkely to have dsturbed the underlyng strata. Any prmary structural evdence, therefore, s more lkely to be from ths phase rather than the earler and, smlarly to Allotment C,more lkely to occurtowards the Macquare Street frontage rather than to the east for the reasons outlned n Secton 5.4. Small artefact materal s agan consdered lkely though dfferng n assemblage, beng more lke~y to be representatve of the later occupaton of the ste.dranage patterns as dscussed n Secton 5.4 are also possble. 5.6 ALLOTMENT E Ths allotment has had an equally long structural hstory as those of C and D,n ths case rangng from the 1820s nto the 1890s. The potental archaeologcal materal s smlar n nature to that of Allotment C, concerned wth. the lower mddle class domestc occupaton. As wth Allotment C retaned structural evdence s more lkely to be towards the Macquare Street frontage for the same reasons outlned n Secton 5.4 although n ths case the greater probablty of sub-surface remans s centred n the north-western secton of ths frontage due to the encroachment of the parlamentary buldngs nto the south-western sector durng the later 1890s. Any structural evdence recovered n ths area s more lkely to be from ths phase rather than the earler. Small artefact materal and dranage lnes as dscussed n Secton 5.4 are a probablty.

25 , ' ',.' ', ALLOTMENT F Ths allotment s a secondary ste and the only possblty of t havng an' effect on the prmary ste s through ntrusve dranage patterns/dsc~ssed n the relevant sectons. The lbrary now covers the entre ste of the former Barracks/School and t s very unlkely that any sub-surface evdence of these occupatons remans.

26 , '1,, a ?3 SUPPLEMENTARY DOCUMENTATON FOOTNOTES TO THE TEXT SECTON 3.1 Campbell,J.F. Notes on the Hstorc Development of Macquare Street South. R.A.H.S. Jnl Pt 3.,194 Maden,J.H. Hstory of the Sydaey Botanc Gardens R.A.H.S. Jnl 14 Pt 1.,32 Campbell,J.F. Op Ct.,198 bd., 200 bd. Sydney Mornng Herald May 14,1835.,3ff Campbell,J.F. Loc Ct. bd. Maden,J.H. Loc Ct. 10. Campbell,J.F. Op Ct.,202 Plan X b c. 1. bd. bd. bd.,201 bg. bg. SECTON 3.2b Campbell,J.F. Notes on the Hstorc Development of Macquare Street South. R.A.H.S. Jnl Pt 3.,200 Personal communcaton wth Mr B.Roser. SECTON 3.2c "ad Chum" The Truth December 27,1911

27 : 24 Old Chum A224., Maden,J.H. Hstory of the Sydney Botanc Gardens R.A.H.S. Jnl 14 Pt 1.,32 2. Campbell,J.F.Notes on the Hstorc Development of Macquare Street South. R.A.H.S. Jnl Pt 3., "Old Chum" The Truth December 27,1911 Old Chum A224., Rhodes,D. New Lbrary Buldng A Ste Hstory., 1 5. bd., 3 6. bd.,l 7. bd. 8. bd. e. SECTON 3~2e 1. Campbell,J.F. Notes on the Hstorc Development of Macquare Street Soubh. R.A.H.S. Jnl Pt 3., bd. 3. Waugh and Cox Drectory of Sydney and Suburbs Sands Drectory bd.,macquare Street Lstngs Rhodes,D. New Lbrary Buldng A Ste Hstory., 2 f. SECTON 3.2f 1. "Old Chum" The Truth December 27,1911 Old Chum A224., NSW Presbyteran March 27,1935., ML Doc Forde,J.M. News~er Cuttn~Vol.166.,38ff 5. Rhodes,D.New Lbrary-Buldn~A Ste Hstory., 2

28 , ' f g Sands Drectory 1876 Watson,J.H. Old~dney bd bd SECTON ~ Campbell,J.F. Notes or the Hstorc Development of Macquare Street South R.A.H.S. Jnl Pt 3.,201 Sands Drectory 1858, bg., bd., 1875 bd., bd., 1880 Rhodes,D. New Lbrary Buldng A Ste Hstory.,Map 4 Castlereagh to Macquare May 14,1809 HRA V.,84 Government and General Order July 28,1810 HR of NSW X.,398 Macquare to Lverpool October 18,1811 HRA V.,396 tems bult by Government labour. tem No.2 B.T. 12.,338 Sydn~azette August 28,1819 eydney Gazette June 8,1820 Macquare to Bathurst July 27,1822 Enclosure A HRA~.,686

29 Campbell,J,F. Notes on the Hstorc Development of Macquare Street South. R.A.H.S. Jnl Pt 3.,198 Sydn~azette May 31~~826 ~b~.,june 7,1826 Annual Report of the Commttee of the School of ndustry 1827 Col.Sec. Letters n Bundle 4L180~ Sydney Gazette Aprl 8,1826 Col.Arch.to Under Sec. for Publc Works August 1,1870 Col.Sec. Letters n Bundle 4/780.2 Reynolds,P.L. Legslatve Archtecture n NSW ,33-4

30 - 6.2 a. b. 27 BBLOGRAPHY BOOK., REPORTS Annual Report o~ the Commttee of the School of ndustry 1827 Col.Sec. Letters n Bundle 4/780.2 (S.A. NSW) Kelly,M. and Crocker,K. Sydn~Takes Shape Doak Press 1978 (Prvate) Rhodes,D. New Lbrary Buldng A Ste Hstory 1983 (Prvate Report) Reynolds,F.L. Legslatve Archtecture n NSW Pub. Legslatve Councl 1976 (Prvate) Scott,G. Sydney's Hghways of Hstory Georgan House Press (Prvate) Watson,J.H. Old Sydney (ML Q991.1/W) NEWSPAPER ARTCLES,JOURNAL ARTCLES Anon. "The ron Church" NSW Presbyteran March 27,1935., (ML MDQ /1) Campbell,J.F. Notes on the Hstorc Development of Macquare Street South. R.A.H.S. Jnl Pt 3., Forde,J.M. Newspaper Cuttngs Vol 166 (ML FM4 7955) Maden,J.H. Hstory of the Sydney Botanc Gardens R.A.H.S. Jnl 14 Pt 1 "Old Chum" artcles OJtd Chum A224 (ML) Sydn~azette August 28,1819 June 8,1820 Aprl 8,1826 May 31, 1826 June 7,1826 (ML) Sydney Mornng Herffld May 14,1835 (ML)

31 , ' '. c. d. e. CORRESPONDENCE,MSCELLANEOUS DOCUMENTS 28 tems of Government Labour Bonwck Transcrpts 12 (ML) Letter Col.Archtect to Under Sec.for Publc Works August 1, 1870 Col.Sec. Letters n Bundle-±780.2 Governors' Despatches n HRA V,X HR of NSW X (ML) Memo re. Removal of ron Church.!'1L Do~293 DRECTORES Sands DrectorY Macquare Street Lstmgs Waugh and Cox Drecto~of~ney-and Suburbs 1855 (981l/W ML) PLATES PWD Fle Photograph 2. Hou~son Volume 3 F981.1/H (ML) 3. SPF-Sydney Streets-Macquare-Panorama (ML) 4. SPF-Sydney Resdences-Rchmond Terrace (ML) 5. Gll,S.T. Sydney llustrated (ML) 6. SPF~Sydney Churches-St Stephen's 7. SPF-Sydney Churches-St Stephen's 8. SPF-Sydney Streets-Macquare 9. SPF-Sydney Streets-Macquare (MLY 10. Female School of ndustry 1834 Walker SSV/PUB/FE SCl1 11. Female School of ndustry 1842 Rae.J. Macquare Street DGSU* Sp Coll Rae Female School of ndus:':ry 1873 Elyard,S V*l Sp Coll/Elyardl 13. Female School of ndustry SPF 14. Photographc Vews of Sydney Vol.3 ML F98.41P

32 29 f. PLANS 3. ML Plan MS /1816/1 4. ML M /1822/1 5. SA NSW Surveyor Genera: Ske~ch Book Vol.4 Folo ML M /1843/1 7. ML M /1854/1 8. ML M /1860/1 9. ML MSer /1 10. PWD 11. PWD

33 ' GRAPHJCS ---- PLATES TO THE TE)cr' Rchmond Vlla durng removal. 2. P.anorama of Macquare Street. 3. Panorama of M~cquare Street. 4. Rchmond Terrace before demol~on. 5. St Stephen's n the 1860s,~6': St Stephen' s n the 1870s. 7. St Stephen's durng removal. 8. The ron Church,Rose Cottage etc. c Panorama of Macquare Street Panorama of Macquare Street Female School of ndustry Female Scnool of ndustry Female School of ndustry Female School of ndustry 1870s 15. Panorama of the ste n 1938

34 ------~ :::::. ~. :... - cv...

35 1'0 ~ tj Z o N (.':. t-' CO CO o Cl '-J

36 f-' m o (fj '0 w

37 34 PLATE No.4: Rchmond Terrace before demolton.

38 'U :- ~ f-3 tlj Z 0 Ul (f) et (f) et (J) 'U ::r' (J)!J Ul ' 1-'-!J et ::r' (J) w U1 -' m.< (J) 0 Ul "" 88YT:RAN CHUC". MACqUARE Cl'!" SYONEY. $

39 , '"t:J ~ ~ t,0'1 " (J) rt (J) rt re '0 ::r' re ::s W 0'1 Ul 1-'- ::s rt ::r' re -' en -..J 0 Ul

40 'd t"' ~ t:x:! Z 0 -.J UJ rt UJ rt CD '"0 ::r CD ~ (Jl "" '. Q.. s::: t1... ~ to 1'1 : - t1 CD 3 ~ ~,! ~ OJ -' w -.J

41 _.. _---- "./ "d t', :t>' t-'3 tr1 Z 0 00 :s: 0.a c f-'. () ~'\. (j) l' ', ~ et.... -:~'~.~. ().,. w () et 0 t-' 00 0\,j::.. ~ 00 ~

42 ~ ; ~ 'lj P :::s 0 11 P 3 P 0 Hl :$ P ()..Q w ~ D P 11 1-'- (]) Ul et 11 (]) (]) et.-. en --:J.-. N

43 PLATE No.10: Panorama of Macquare Street c

44 '"lj CD 3 ClJ -' CD r.n () ::t o -' -' CO w.p.. rr

45 ? f-' N.. -:tj CD 3 OJ f-' CD (j) () ::r o f-' o H1 rr f '1, r' " C, + ",, (. ~~.",;1

46 PLATE No.13: Female School of ndustry "'!~ p " l' t.~... ~~ ~)-- -:.> ~-.... ~ c.<-.. -.:..,,-;-.:. ~, ' "'Y _, '!> <., ",

47 44 PLATE No.14: Femal~ School of ndustry 1870s.

48 '1:l t"' ~ tr1 Z 0 b.. '1:l DJ :::s 0 t-s DJ 3 DJ 0 Hl rt ::r' re Ol 1-'- rt re 1-'- :::s f-' \0 w en U1 *"

49 '~ : ~.~ -... ~ 7.2 PLANS TO THE TEXT Defnton of Area of Study:Prmary and Secondary 2. Defnton of Allotments. 3. Secton of 1816 plan of the Governor's Demesne. 4. Secton of ~lan of Sketch of the ste Secton of 1843 plan. 7. Secton of 1854 plan. 8. Secton of 1860 plan. 9. Secton of 188,-, plan. 10. Parlament House Parlament House c Stes.

50 _. ',.. :......, /' "., '.... ',. '". '" : NEW SOUTH WALES PARLAMENT ~USE - -- <,".,... ' ~~-...:..... ~""... ' ~",, ~. ; : ' ' ' ; PLAN No.1: Defnton of Area of Study Prmary Ste Secondary Stes (Rem~nder of Curtlag Cl «~..... ~~.~.~.. ~.. ~.. ~... ~ ' " ~rts H- ~t."....::::::::::::;:::r.u ~ '" ::::::::::::::.:::::::::::::::::: r~: :o,r:::::::::::::::... Jt:... r.~.. t......:::::::::::::::::::"::. :BtJl.;. 11\10::::::::...--r.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::...:. t W LU ~. :&.:.:~~~~:::::::::::... HUNTER STREET STATE LBRARY OF NEW SOUTH WALES EXSTNG BULDNG LOCATON PLAN L.rl.J

51 u t" ~ ; Z t:j CD -h 1-" :J 1-" rt 1-" 0 :J 0 -h!j::' -' -' 0 rt 3 CD :J rt rn. - - l F - -, 1 t. " '-< -... ' ~. <! [ f ' ',. '-r" r ---- / o '~[" ~. 1_... _ L~~====~~ L ~.: (' M A c Q -. r'".r ', :.,~ :, :' " :. T ', - -..a..-.:. ~ :;:..=;1.,.., ; lu \.~J '..' :: -r ~ -[ Sy,." : f m- H ~f ~ {f.wl'f!; 'm;; l~f.'- :~ : Allotment A, " Allotment B 1-15 all BAllot ments r' ~.. t-==~~~. '-'.rrrr-rnru-o HOUSES OF PARLAMENT ~ r. _._... _ >;: '. g \ " '" ~t:-t.t.~~."... -l'::3"'...:u-. J...,-.~t.\"~; 1.'0-, t t,.,~+1(..."...,.(.:~-.-:-f_~ T A t,. l r U r---- ~ll.llu[} J, ::..!J r ~.. _=...,'1") ~ -

52 . :.J:.A-BY ~.:'. 1 J.' 1 -. V ~-Y. " r -j!., ~~,.... " ~ ~).... ~. - q 1 ~ ". ---., -.. :: ;::.,: j: : ~ '. b-.:._. 49, '"... "". """"-..J ~.J.. ~.""""" 1 ' J.... n of 1816 plan. PLAN N~. 3- Sect10

53 ),.:.. B Af - " t '-, ~ :j r -/ - ~ J.. '4 " - - Ul (f) () rt 1-'- o :::s o Ml U1 o '... /-

54 ~ z. z o Ul?"' D et () ::r o H et ::r D tj D.1f[gW(#0//$ ""':P#Jt/f../t'"~,;,../. -.N;,4J' '.' '"'...

55 tt.~ '. --D" \., " j..", (f) (!) () n -'- o ::J o t-h * t.. j : t... ~~...-~ " (A '" r ~ #._.;;;:.. ~.~~: ". r ~ :.'. \". J. :!.. l" : :, '-A, r l' A.-...' 1 ; 1/, _._,) j!,- U1 N ----,-- -

56 - - - '1-1'0 t-' :r:: z z o ) Ul ro n rt 1-' o ;:l o t-h ('. ō ;. -11 f '--~~.-. : f!.. ~ ljl W,

57 - - 'd ~ ~ lco ~J -w & _.. _.-... _ ,..."'~,~,.,,-1.f>\At~:. :.&J fl (f) ro () rt 1-" o ::s o H1 f t.,, RJ'4., ", D./'TA l CtOlNtlj..."" J "'... "..,<',.,~H.l,,41 "'*'...,th.-... lj1 "'" 5 T, R E E T, "... J. J, "Tt' 1'1.- " y :;... - _, W.. w aft..'....

58 - - ~ ~ ~ (fl D () rt 1-' o ::s o H1 - - r j '! f L(\: r ' -- r L, 0') 1 HOUSES Of' PARLAMENT.1lJl L r '}-f"". r M A c Q T A t 17'~ ----u. l""&_." -- --, t:

59 56! [ ~ J.,.. PLAN No.10: Parlament House 1908

60 57 ~ 1 ~LAN No.ll: Parlament House c [ L