CONTINUITY AND CONSISTENCY OF THE TRADITIONAL COURTYARD HOUSE PLAN IN MODERN I{OREAN DWELLINGS

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "CONTINUITY AND CONSISTENCY OF THE TRADITIONAL COURTYARD HOUSE PLAN IN MODERN I{OREAN DWELLINGS"

Transcription

1 T D S R V O L. I I I N O CONTINUITY AND CONSISTENCY OF THE TRADITIONAL COURTYARD HOUSE PLAN IN MODERN I{OREAN DWELLINGS s A N G H A E L E E The courtyard plan provdes the bass for a tradtonal house type that s deeply assocated wth the Korean way of lfe. The frst part of ths paper dscusses concepts and characterstcs ntrnsc to tradtonal Korean house plans and ntroduces varous examples of courtyard house layouts. Thereafter, t selects several examples of modern Korean dwellngs and compares them from the pont of vew of plan and layout. The nvestgaton dscovers that the dea of the courtyard s stll relevant to modern Korean dwellngs. Transformed and/or retaned, the courtyard dea stll provdes one of the prototypes of the modern Korean dwellng. The varous forms t has taken serve to promote the contnuty and consstency of tradtonal Korean archtecture. They also lend credence to arguments that archtectural tradton nvolves more than style and technology. TRADITIONAL KOREAN HOUSES ARE MOSTLY OF THE COURTYARD type. The courtyard house tradtonally provded for many needs of the Korean people, be they functonal, practcal, spatal, vsual, clmatc, socal and/or cultural Ths made the courtyard house a tradtonal Korean type. SANG HAE LEE s an Assocate Professor of Archtecture at Sung Kyun Kwan Unversty, Seoul, Korea. The am of ths paper s to nvestgate modern Korean dwellngs to answer a number of questons. Are the roles once played by the tradtonal courtyard stll relevant? Does the pattern of the courtyard stll persst despte socal changes and new ways of lvng' If socal and formal concepts behnd the courtyard house have changed, what new forms and concepts have taken ther place? Fnally, f these concepts have not changed, what aspects of the tradtonal courtyard house have been retaned?

2 66 T D S R 3.1 In attemptng to answer these questons, the paper nvestgates four types of modern Korean dwellng: "ready-bult" houses for sale by prvate house bulders, apartments n multunt buldngs constructed by developers, "desgned" houses by archtects fo r ndvdual clents, and "publc" housng bult by publc housng authortes. TRADITIONAL HOUSE TYPES IN KOREA Hstorcally, one of the endurng patterns n the Korean house was the courtyard plan. It resulted from centures of tral and expermentaton and normally conssted of a courtyard or group of courtyards around whch rooms and other spaces were grouped to make the dwellng complex. Such a house became deeply assocated wth the Korean way of lfe. Such a courtyard model provded varous optons for lateral expanson (FIG. I). A smple house was normally an "opencourtyard" dwellng, whereas a nobleman's manson often conssted of several courtyards whose functons vared accordng to ther locaton wthn the complex.' FIG. I. (TOP) Aeral vew of courtyard houses wth thatched rooft common n the central regons of Korean pennsula untl the I96os. Source: Hwang, Huen-man, The Ch'oga, Straw-Roofed Korean Cottages (Seoul: Youl Hwa Dang Pub., I99I), p.208. FIG. 2. (ABOVE) Vew of an upper-class courtyard seen.from the maru wooden floo r. FIG. 3. (BELOW) Sketch of a humble cottage of three kans wth a wooden verandah n.front of the rooms. The fre hole wth the cookng stove are shown to the rght, and the chmney s shown n.front of the verandah. Each buldng around the courtyard tradtonally conssted of compartments of rooms that rook ther character from one of two major floor types, ondo! and maru. The ondo! floor was fnshed wth thck yellowsh ol paper and was usually found n closed rooms used for sleepng. Ondo! floors were heated by flues that ran beneath them ftom a fre hole n the cookng stove to an exteror chmney vent. The maru floor, on the other hand, was of wood and was normally used n the man hall. One sde of the maru room was usually open ro the outsde, wth no walls between ts roof-support pllars (FIG. 2). The maru floor also often extended n front of the ondo! room ro form a verandah (FIG. 3). In the tradtonal Korean house, compartments of rooms - both ondo! and maru - were measured usng the trad tonal kan. Kan was a term used to count the number of spaces between columns, and so provded the bass for a knd of mod ular system. The kan was not a fxed unt of length, bur vared accordng to the actual dstance between a buldng's columns - usually between sx and nne feet. Kan also referred ro the number of spaces or rooms n a buldng that were enclosed n at least two drectons. One such "square" kan was usually equal to between 36 and 8I square feet. Followng the modular system, the constructon of a house normally. conssted of an ongong process of addng kan or rooms. A buldng of smple structure was usually only two or three kans, whle a large buldng could be more than ten

3 L E E : M O D E R N K 0 R E A N O W E L L I N G S 67 QJ L' rqrlq] [J:IJ I II (A) SINGLE-LINE ARRANGEMENT 0J3J J\ I 1'\ 3 P 7 J\J\ LJ\.J L /"1 l -p:: (8) DOUBLE-LINE ARRANGEMENT (C) TWO-FOLD ARRANGEMENT (0) L-SHAPE ARRANGEMENT kans n sze. Thus, a dwellng for an upper-class famly that conssted of several buldngs could be as large as 99 kans, whle the humblest dwellng was usually only two or three kans. Tradtonal Korean houses were characterzed by one of four plan types, accordng to the method of kan arrangement and accompanyng structural organzaton.' The frst was the ordnary "sngle-lne" arrangement of rooms under a sngle rdge beam (FIG. 4Al. Ths type was usually nhabted by peasants or servants or was used for storage snce ts ndoor spaces were somewhat lmted. The second type was the "double-lne" arrangement under one rdge beam (FIG. 4B). A combnaton of sngle-lne and double-lne structures, or a house of sngle-lne structure enlarged to the back and ftont, consttuted the thrd type, the "two-fold" arrangement (FIG. 4C). The last type was "L-shaped," or a varant of an L-shape, and was more common n the central regons of the Korean pennsula (FIG. 40).3 These four types of room arrangement made possble varous patterns for the layout of the entre dwellng (FIG. 5). A dwellng usually conssted of a buldng, or buldngs, wth surroundng walls that created one or more courtyard enclosures (FIG. 6). q1 I \ \,,_1 'f' FIG. + Typcal examples of four types of room arrangements (I. ktchen, 2. man room, 3. man hall, 4. bedroom, 5 storage, 6. stable, 7. courtyard). (A) Sngle-lne arrangement; (B) Double-lne arrangement; (C) Twofold arrangement; (0) I-shape arrangement and varants. FIG. 5. (BELOW) Examples of layouts of courtyards and surroundng buldng(s}. Dotted lnes ndcate courtyard space. I I I I I,-'1-, I 1 '...,,; QJ}J

4 68 T D S R 3.' FIG. 6. (LEFT) General vew of the layout of buldngs n a rural area. Source: Hwang, Huenman, The Ch'oga, Straw-Roofed Korean COttages (Seoul: Youl Hwa Dang Pub., I99I), p.ii. FIG. 7. (RIGHT) An example ofa courtyard beng used for a threshng ground. Ths method of harvest s not practced today. FIG. 8. (BOTTOM RIGHT) General vew of courtyard houses wth gray roof tles n an urban fobrc. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRADITIONAL COURTYARD HOUSE PLAN Many scholars n Korea have ponted out that the courtyard pattern was generated as an approprate soluton to functonal, practcal, clmatc, socal and cultural needs of the Korean people 4 For example, the courtyard could serve as a threshng ground durng harvest season, a meetng place for ceremonal occasons, an outdoor restng place durng warm weather, or a playground for chldren (FIG. 7). In general, the courtyard served as an extenson of the nteror dwellng space, there beng no clear-cut dvson between the nteror and exteror of the house. Lvng wthn such a house dd not mean resdng only wthn a sheltered enclosure; the outdoor space was also used as lvng space accordng ro a complex pattern of resdence. Smply put, the courtyard was a room wthout a roof, a doman set asde for the ganful actvty of the entre household that was well adapted to complcated envronmental, practcal, and soco-cultural stuatons.s Archtecturally, the courtyard functoned as the man route from the publc doman to the nsde of the dwellng. Access from outsde the house to any room wthn t was only possble by enterng the man gate of the house and passng through the courtyard. But the courtyard also connected all ndoor and outdoor spaces wthn the house, and almost all rooms and spaces n the house orented ther openngs toward t. In ths way the courtyard helped elmnate the need for corrdors or an entrance porch or hall In urban stuatons the courtyard also served to shelter the house from the street by reducng nose and mantanng prvacy. As a buffer between street and house, t was an mportant facltator of the development of a compact urban fabrc (FIG. 8). It also afforded the urban dwellng good access to sunshne and ventlaton, even wthn relatvely narrow stes (FIG. 9).

5 L E E : M O D E R N K O R E A N D W E L L I N G S 69 Clmatcally, most courtyards acted as effcent mcro-clmate controllers. Snce habtable rooms looked nward wth a defensve, ntroverted posture, nhabtants were protected from both hot and cold weather. Cool breezes blowng nto the courtyard n the summer were especally apprecated. And f a regon was too cold durng the wnter, or f the range of daly temperature changes was too great, the courtyard could be totally surrounded by nteror dwellng space. Such a house pattern was shown n FIG. 4D. But the courtyard acted as more than just a clmate-control devce; t was also a doman for socal nteracton. Confucansm pervaded all aspects of domestc lfe n Korea, ncludng the arrangement of dwellng space.6 Respondng to Confucan ethcs, the nner-most part of a house was set asde for women, whle the outer part was reserved for the male householder. Addtonally, accordng to sumptuary customs, the sze and number of buldngs n a dwellng complex was determned by the socal status and wealth of the householder (FIG. 10). All aspects of the dwellng - buldngs, courtyards and walls - served to r,enforce the Confucan socal order. For example, wthn the overall organzaton of famly apartments n a large dwellng, courtyards could be located n three functonally separate areas: that for women and chldren n the nner-most part of the house, that for the male householder n front, and that for servants near the entry gate. Thus, the pattern of courtyard layout was crucal to determnng the dentty of the house. In a sense, the dsposton of the courtyard(s) allowed a drect correspondence between the physcal arrangement of the lvng space and ts socal and practcal uses. Snce the courtyard was defned by the structures and spaces that surrounded t, t was forced to medate dverse sets of aesthetc and spatal relatonshps. The experence of the house was often domnated by the spatal and aesthetc nature of ts courtyard(s). The wrapped spatal nterval - experenced ether by passage from the man gate to nteror courtyard(s) or by vews from an adjacent ndoor or outdoor space - s a dstnctve characterstc of Korean archtecture. The effects created often nvolved layerng open-courtyards, brngng dstant vews of nature nto the house doman. In a sense, the courtyard was a spatal symbol for the ntroverson that formed a part of a larger tradton of Korean socety. MODERN KOREAN DWELLINGS AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE COURTYARD PLAN II FIG. 9. Examples of a tradtonal area of urban fobrc n Seoul wth basc house plans (I. entrance gate, 2. man room, 3. ktchen, 4. bedroom, 5. man hall, 6. storage, 7- courtyard, 9. tolet. (A) Urban fobrc; (B) House plam. Source: Kahoedong Hanok chosa bogoseo (Report of Kahoedong Area Feld Survey), Muae + OB Semnar Study Report I, I986. Thus far general features of the courtyard layout of tradtonal Korean dwellngs have been dscussed n a broad context. The paper now turns to an nvestgaton of several types of modern

6 70 TO S R 3.1 Korean dwellngs n lght of the questons summarzed at the outset. Four types of dwellngs are examned: "ready-bult" houses by prvate bulders, apartment houses by developers, "desgned" houses by archtects fo r ndvdual clents, and "publc" houses by publc housng authortes. The majorty of contemporary houses n Korea today are bult by prvate house bulders. Such "ready-bult" houses reflect the values and tastes of ordnary people about lvng space and house form. Snce such houses are bult for a market, they are condtoned by the demands of that market - that s, by aspects of both a modern urban lfe-style and tradtonal ways of lvng. FIG. 10. (TOP) An example of an upper-class house (Io entrance gate, 2. man room, 3. ktchen, 4. bedroom, 5. man hall, 6. storage, 7a. courtyard for women, 7b. courtyard for male householder, 7C. courtyard for servants, 8. stable, 9. study). FIG. II. (MIDDLE) A typcal example of a ready-bult house by a prvate bulder (Io entrance hall, 2. man hall or lvng room, 3. ktchen, 4. man room, 5. bedroom, 6. bathroom). FIG. 12. (BELOW) An example of an apartment unt plan by a prvate developer (Io entrance hall, 2. man hall or lvng room, 3. ktchen, 4. man room, 5. bedroom, 6. bathroom, 7. dnng room, II. terrace). On the surface, the man features and layout of ready-bult houses reflect stylstc nfluence from the West. Ths may result from a desre by modern-day Koreans for houses that symbolze a modern style. In partcular, the form and use of materals n ready-bult houses resemble smlar qualtes n modern Western houses, even though the mtaton s superfcal and the bulders are not well versed n desgn control In terms of plan, the ready-bult house shows notable dvergences from the tradtonal courtyard pattern. For example, most house plans are nearly rectangular n shape, and most houses are stuated ro one sde of ther buldng lot wth a garden, not a courtyard, n front. One can assume the courtyard has been elmnated so that the house can more closely mtate modern Western models. Despte such exteror alteratons, however, the arrangement of ndoor space n ready-bult houses s not much changed from the tradtonal layout. On the contrary, t seems that the arrangement of ndoor space actually reflects the nherted cultural context farly closely. A typcal ready-bult house plan from an urban area of Korea shows how all rooms n the "modern" house are arranged around a man hall, a knd of Korean lvng room whch acts n a remarkably smlar fashon to the courtyard of a tradtonal house (FIG. II). Lke the courtyard, the man hall serves as a transtonal space through whch all other spaces n the house are reached. One mght say the courtyard concept has been nternalzed. As socety has changed, the exteror mage of the tradtonal house has changed to reflect lfe n a modern envronment, but the nhabtants nonetheless clng to nherted dwellng patterns on the nsde. Prvate bulders seem to have understood the needs of Koreans caught between two modes of lvng, and they have responded by nternalzng tradtonal lvng patterns wthn a house that otherwse appears derved from a modern Western model Lke ready-bult houses, apartment houses by developers show a translaton of the tradtonal courtyard dea. There are

7 L E E : M O D E R N K 0 R E A N D W E L L I N G S 71 FIG. 13. Vew of newly developed apartment houses. numerous types of plans for apartments for mddle-class famles n Korea. Among them, the medum-szed apartment shown here s typcal and popular (FIG. 12). Snce an apartment house s not functonally equvalent to a group of detached sngle-famly houses, apartment layouts reflect the nfluence of modern cubc forms (FIG. 13). Wthn ths new dom developers also seem to have tred to accommodate the popular demand for tradtonal desgn features. As n the ready-bult house, each room of the apartment unt shown n FIG. I2 s accessble only by passng through the man hall, or lvng room. The apartment entrance hall would seem to correspond to the entrance gate of the tradtonal house, and the man room of the apartment s located n ts nner-most zone n a smlar arrangement to the women's quarters n a tradtonal house. Overall, one can say that both the apartment layour and the layour of the tradtonal house are characterzed by rooms that are closed to the outsde and open onto a protected nner space. As n the ready-bult house, one can say that the dea of the courtyard has been nternalzed n the apartment layout. Bur the translaton here has taken place n a much dfferent socal context, and so the example offers further evdence of the contnuty and consstency of the courtyard dea n modern Korean dwellngs.

8 72 T D S R 3.1 The thrd type of house, the ndvdually desgned house, s hard to reduce to a general system of formal or stylstc classfcatons. Desgns by archtects exhbt numerous concepts and patterns, and archtects' atttudes seem to be domnated by competng ssues such as tradton, modernty, experment and challenge. Some archtects have tested new styles wthout feelng restrcted by any noton of a specfc Korean cultural hertage. Others have delberately tred to ntroduce modern Western styles to Korea. But both these groups seem to lack a deep understandng of the essence of Korean tradton, and they prefer to be nterested n contemporary archtectural expresson. A thrd group of archtects, however, has tred to retan characterstcs of tradtonal Korean houses usng personal modern SECOND FLOOR vocabulares of form transformed from tradton. The plan here shows a house that at frst glance would seem to be a modern house wth a tradtonal courtyard layout (FIG. 14), but f one looks wth full and partcular attenton, one can see how the layout and nternal organzaton dffer totally from tradtonal patterns. Whle the courtyard form remans from the tradtonal house, ts purpose s no longer to regulate the dstrbuton offamly quarters. The courtyard here s employed solely for the purpose of provdng an ntrgung vew nto and out of the varous areas of the house. In one sense ths house does ncorporate tradtonal notons of outdoor space. The orgnal functon of the courtyard has been neglected, and the courtyard has become an empty object that merely allows certan aesthetc effects to be created wthn the 5 (8) c = house. In other words, the house has adopted the symbolc and phenomenal aspects of the courtyard only; the "sense" but not the "substance" of the tradtonal house. GROUND FLOOR FIG. 14. An example of an archtect-desgned house (I. entrance hall, 2. man hall or lvng room, 3. ktchen, 4. man room, 5. bedroom, 6. bathroom, 7- dnng room, 8. fomly room, 9. study, IO. car port, II. terrace, I2. courtyard). 10 By way of contrast, the last dwellng type to be nvestgated, "publc" houses by publc housng authortes, demonstrate a dfferent set of desgn ntentons. In the early stages of publchousng constructon durng the 19605, the desgn of publc dwellngs depended sgnfcantly on the authortes' stated ntenton to "mprove" the lfe-style and lvng envronment of Koreans. The elte archtect/bureaucrats who ran the publc housng agences placed great value on house desgns that emphaszed effcency of space and economy of constructon. Ths necesstated the standardzaton and programatzaton of the dwellng, and t often resulted n the wholesale adopton of Western plans, whch were regarded as mprovements over Korean models. Followng one of the prncpal functonal tenents of Modern Archtecture, for example, sleepng, lvng and utlty zones were often separated n publc housng to ncrease the nde-

9 L E E : M O D E R N K 0 R E A N O W E L L I N G 5 73 pendence of each zone (FIG. 15). In addton, most mportant rooms were arranged on the southern sde of the buldng to take maxmum advantage of sunlght, a concern whch resulted n the entrance hall beng located ether to the west or the north, an uncommon pattern n trad tonal Korean domestc lfe. In the early stages of publc housng programs, the authortes generally abandoned the form and functon of the courtyard. The atttude they dsplayed lends credence to arguments that publc housng authortes generally neglect local tradtons and prefer the ntroducton of "new" styles. Nonetheless, from late on, publc housng authortes n Korea began to realze that occupants of ther houses were not satsfed wth the layout of nteror spaces, and they began to change ther desgns to reflect concepts smlar to those evdent n the ready-bult houses of prvate bulders (FIG. 1 6 ). Although the concept of a Western-style lvng room remaned, t came to functon not only as a place fo r socal gatherng but also as the man access and transton space n the dwellng. The courtyard dea also came to be translated wthn the context of publc housng. INTERPRETATION OF THE COURTYARD IDEA IN MODERN KOREAN DWELLINGS The dscussons above have made t apparent that ndvdually desgned houses by archtects and ready-bult houses by prvate bulders dverged sgnfcantly n ther adaptaton of tradtonal courtyard patterns to modern condtons. One can say that the archtects were much more nvolved n nterpretng the form of the courtyard, whle developers and buyers of ready-bult houses and apartments allowed the market to control the way the dwellng evolved. Prvate bulders have generally adapted the dea of the courtyard to the nteror layout of ther houses, whle treatng exteror features - style, structure, and use of materals - n ways superfcally related to modern styles. Archtects, on the other hand, have sezed on the prototypcal character of the courtyard pattern and tred to retan ts geometrcal symbolsm whle alterng ts socal and practcal functon. In between, publc housng authortes at frst tred to abandon the functon and form of the tradtonal courtyard and replace t wth Western models, but then dscovered resdents preferred the pattern of nteror organzaton developed through prvate markets. II FIG. 15. (ABOVE) Examples of publc houses bult durng the early I960s (Io entrance hal!, 2. man hal! or lvng room, 3. ktchen, 4- man room, 5 bedroom, 6. bathroom). (A) Perspectve vew; (B) Pan. FIG. 16. (BELOW) An example of a standard urban house desgned by the Korean Mnstry of Constructon durng the I970S (Io entrance hall, 2. man hall or lvng room, 3. ktchen, 4. dnng room, 5. man room, 6. bedroom, 7. bathroom). From ths nvestgaton, one can see the mportance of the relatonshp between form and layout of the house and assocated cultural atttudes and values. Even though the courtyard dea has come to be reflected n modern Korean houses n a varety of ways through a varety of processes, the dfferent modern manfestatons are lnked ro a collectve tradton. It

10 .. 74 T D 5 R 3.1 the framework of the tradtonal courtyard dea as follows. Tradtonal House: Entrance Gate - Courtyard - Rooms (Destnaton). Modern House: Entrance Hall- Lvng Room - Rooms (Destnaton). FIG. 17. Possble relatons between courtyard and house lot. (a) Courtyard wthn; (b) House wthn; (c) Courtyard-lke space wthn a house wthn a lot. Wthn ths overall framework, however, one may note dstnct dfferences between the ways prvate bulders and practcng archtects have chosen to recognze the dea. Archtects have employed tradton as an hstorcal reference whch can be nterpreted by means of senstvty to surface qualtes that arouse cultural memory. Bulders have sought to respond to market demand for nteror spaces that provde contextual contnuty between tradtonal socal structures and contemporary ways of lvng. Addtonally, one can note that archtects' perceptons of the tradtonal house are based prncpally on the tradtonal houses of rch and dstngushed can therefore be argued that the courtyard house type stll offers a vtal cultural hertage to modern Korea. These notons can be more easly understood by carefully examnng the spatal domans establshed by the tradtonal courtyard pattern. As prevously dscussed, the courtyard consttuted the outdoor doman of the tradtonal house. However, the boundary between the courtyard doman and the rest of the house was not well defned. Snce some of the support pllars of the house,.e., those to one sde of the maru wooden floor, stood ndependently wth no walls explctly dvdng ndoor from outdoor space, there came to be no clear lmt between ndoor and outdoor lvng. In fact, the functons of ndoor and outdoor spaces were sometmes nterconnected and nterchangeable accordng to crcumstance, clmate, and the desred degree of nterpersonal formalty. Ths s one reason why the courtyard could be ether nternalzed or externalzed n recognton of ts functon and applcaton. The courtyard house dea has dffused remarkably well nto modern Korean dwellngs at a number oflevels. Ths may be because t embodes the very dea of trad ton n the dwellng. In partcular, the contrasts n translaton and nterpretaton of the courtyard nto modern housng contexts can be summarzed as follows. Prvate bulders and developers conceptualzed and nternalzed the functonal aspects of the tradtonal form and desgn. Meanwhle, archtects nterested n the tradton of Korean domestc space perceptualzed and externalzed the tradtonal form. Publc authortes arrved at a poston somewhere n-between. The spatal organzaton of the tradtonal Korean house can be compared to the organzaton of the modern house wthn House n Rural Area House n Mountanous Area House n Urban Fabrc House for Upper Class I d. Buldng Courtyard Gate..... Buldng... (Rooas) u +- Courtyard -+ I I I d. Gate d. Buldng I +- Courtyard -+ I d. "- d. J. Buldng Gate... Buldng Buldng Courtyard (woman) " Courtyard / (man) Buldng Courtyard (servant) I Buldng Gate.. FIG. IS. Conceptual Dagram o/ Tradtonal Courtyard Houses.

11 L E E : M O D E R N K 0 R E A N D W E L L I N G S 75 famles whch no longer survve. In contrast, the concepton of the courtyard dea created by bulders has been nspred manly by the self-protectve nature of the tradtonal houses of common people. In the modern prototype, the tradtonal "courtyard" has been relocated wthn a dwellng wthn a house lot (FIG. 17). It can be mantaned that ths s the result of an nteracton between dwellng form and the nhabtants' needs, values, and tastes. In other words, as wth other aspects of culture, dwellng form can be understood as beng realzed, or ft, nto a whole (that s, the present reconclaton of tradton and current need) (FIGS. 18,19). CONCLUSION: CONTINUITY AND CONSISTENCY OF THE COURTYARD IDEA In sum, the tradton of the courtyard dea consttutes, ether conscously or unconscously a "constant" n the desgn of Korean dwellngs and serves to promote the contnuty and consstency nherent n tradtonal Korean archtecture. Other contextual elements of tradton,.e. the use of materal, decoraton, detal and so on, are employed as secondary varables. The bult pattern of the courtyard has not become an ossfed remnant of the past, but has been restated by new desgns and means. It can be mantaned that, as artfacts, contemporary Korean dwellngs resonate wth spatal features that lnk modern lfe ether practcally or symbolcally to tradtonal aspects of Korean socety and culture through the ntermedary of the courtyard dea. The courtyard pattern as a cultural hertage has proven strongly resstant to change. It perssts tenacously, ether conceptually or physcally, at all levels of dwellng form. Even though the style and structure of modern Korean dwellngs are radcally dfferent from tradtonal Korean houses and n many ways have come to resemble modern Western houses, ther spatal organzaton has remaned tradtonal ether perceptually or conceptually, externally or nternally. Ths would seem to support the theory that archtectural tradton nvolves more than just the noton of style and technology. The way n whch the courtyard dea has been retaned or dscarded has been shown here to depend on the atttudes of bulders, archtects, housng authortes, and owners-to-be. But the courtyard dea orgnated as a preconcepton of the house as a specfc pattern of space use that could be expressed n a spatal organzaton that could be passed ftom one generaton to the next. Ths phenomenon demonstrates that the dwellng fulflls more than smply the need for shelter. Modern Korean dwellngs, ether desgned by archtects, Ready-bu l t Bouse Apartment Houses Publc House Desgned House Rooms o o +- Man Hall ( Courtyard) " s Entrance Hall A Rooms Entrance Hall 0 " /' 0 L vng Room (Courtyard) 0 "- 1 d. Rooms 0 Lvng Rool... 0 (Courtyard) I Entrance Hall A Buldng / " B r-t> B Courtyard 1 L, d. Gate A FIG. 19. Conceptual Dagram a/contemporary Houses.

12 76 T D S R 3.1 executed by housng authortes, or bult by bulders, translate and transform ths need nto modern physcal forms by creatng new spatal patterns that have remaned tradtonal, ether conceptually or perceptually. REFERENCE NOTES I. The term "open-courtyard" s used to ndcate a courtyard space wth structures on ether one, two, or three sdes, whch results from the lateral extenson of the fo rm of the buldng. In ths sense t s opposed to an "nternal" courtyard, whch s located completely nsde the house. 2. Most trad tonal Korean houses for the upper class were of wooden post-and-beam constructon wth a gray tle roof. Lower class houses used sun-dred mud-brck walls that supported a thatched roof. 3. For a more detaled dscusson of the evoluron of the four types of tradtonal houses n Korea, see Chu, Nam-ch'ul, Han'guk Chut'aek Konch 'uk (The Korean Resdental Archtecture) (Seoul: Jljsa, 1985). 4. For a more detaled dscusson of the varous functons and purposes of the courtyatd n Korean tradtonal archtecture, see Shn, Yung-hoon, Han'guk u Salmjp (The Tradtonal House n Korea) (Seoul: Yulhwadang, 1986). 5. For a more detaled dscusson of the complcated envronmental, practcal, and sococultural s ruatons related to the use of the courryard and ts relaton to arch tectural space organzaton, see Km, Kwang-on, Han'guk u Chugo Mnsokj (Tradtonal House Styles n Korea) (Seoul: Mnumsa, 1988). 6. For a dscusson of the dwellng space arrangement as t relates to Confucan ethcs, see Sang Hae Lee, "Stng and General Organzaton of Tradtonal Korean Settlements," n Dwellngs, Settlements, and Tradton: Cross-Cultural Perspectves, J.-P. Bourder and N. AISayyad, eds. (Lanham: Unversty Press of Amerca, 1989), PP

Residential Development

Residential Development Resdental Development Polcy Type: Local Plannng Polcy Polcy Owner: Drector Urban Plannng Polcy No. LPP3.1 Last Revew Date: 15 November 2016 Background Many physcal attrbutes combne to defne local resdental

More information

PREDEVELOPMENT PLAN REVIEW OF A 90-UNIT RESIDENTIAL CARE FACILITY AT 995 SOUTH FAIR OAKS AVENUE (ARLINGTON REGENCY PARK SENIOR LIVING)

PREDEVELOPMENT PLAN REVIEW OF A 90-UNIT RESIDENTIAL CARE FACILITY AT 995 SOUTH FAIR OAKS AVENUE (ARLINGTON REGENCY PARK SENIOR LIVING) Agenda Report TO: FROM: SUBJECT: Honorable Mayor and Cty Councl Plannng & Communty Development Department PREDEVELOPMENT PLAN REVEW OF A 90-UNT RESDENTAL CARE FACLTY AT 995 SOUTH FAR OAKS AVENUE (ARLNGTON

More information

* KNOW ALL PERSONS BY TIIESE PRESENTS: COUNTY OF GALVESTON *

* KNOW ALL PERSONS BY TIIESE PRESENTS: COUNTY OF GALVESTON * FOREST COVE SECTON HOMEOWNERS ASSOC.'S GUDELNES FOR SUBMTTNG CONSTRUCTON PLANS POLCY THE STATE OF TEXAS * * KNOW ALL PERSONS BY TESE PRESENTS: COUNTY OF GALVESTON * WHEREAS, Forest Cove Secton Homeowners

More information

Impact of post-2013 CAP reform on land markets: evidence from farm surveys and farm-level modelling

Impact of post-2013 CAP reform on land markets: evidence from farm surveys and farm-level modelling Impact of post-2013 CAP reform on land markets: evdence from farm surveys and farm-level modellng D. Vagg 1 F. Bartoln 2 M. Puddu 1 M. Ragg 3 1 Unversty of Bologna, Department of Agrcultural Scences, Bologna,

More information

STRATA SUBDIVISION APPLICATION FOR A PREVIOUSLY OCCUPIED BUILDING

STRATA SUBDIVISION APPLICATION FOR A PREVIOUSLY OCCUPIED BUILDING REGONAL DSTRCT of NORTH OKANAGAN PLANNNG DEPARTMENT NFORMATON REPORT STRATA SUBDVSON APPLCATON FOR A PREVOUSLY OCCUPED BULDNG Date: March 20, 2017 Fle No.: OwnerApplcant: 16-0494-CSS-SUB Mark Jones Legal

More information

$530,000 ($ / SF)

$530,000 ($ / SF) Hstorc Waynesvlle B&B: Bank-Owned, Reduced 4,224 SF on 0.42 Acre Ste, Beautful Insde & Out (828) 665-9085 WhtneyCRE.com 94 East Street, Waynesvlle, NC 28786 Turnkey Bed & Breakfast wth Industral Ktchen

More information

$495,000 ($ / SF)

$495,000 ($ / SF) Hstorc Waynesvlle B&B: Bank-Owned, Reduced 4,224 SF on 0.42 Acre Ste, Beautful Insde & Out (828) 665-9085 WhtneyCRE.com 94 East Street, Waynesvlle, NC 28786 Turnkey Bed & Breakfast wth Industral Ktchen

More information

$545,500 4,224 SF on.42 Acres

$545,500 4,224 SF on.42 Acres (828) 665-9085 WhtneyCRE.com FOR SALE: Hstorc Waynesvlle B&B Herrren House One Block From Man St., H HOSPITALITY Turnkey Bed & Breakfast wth Industral Ktchen Only One Block From Downtown: Lve/Work Busness,

More information

Stately Living In An unparalleled Community

Stately Living In An unparalleled Community Stately Lvng In An unparalleled Communty The Courts The Courts at Wetherburn Commons, a brand-new rental communty wthn Manhem Townshp s newest mxed-use development, provdes luxury apartment homes wth a

More information

New. homes. KING S VIEW Transforming & building new communities

New. homes. KING S VIEW Transforming & building new communities New homes KING VIEW Transformng & buldng new communtes Kng s Vew hgh qualty award wnnng house bulder, Cruden Homes West. A range of house styles 5 apartment styles: Wth ther own, well thought out layout

More information

1.. PURPOSE & DISCLAIMER.

1.. PURPOSE & DISCLAIMER. Resoluton # 13-01 HLL FARM HOMEOWNERS ASSOCATON An Arzona nonproft corporaton RESOLUTON OF THE BOARD OF DRECTORS REGARDNG PERMETER EASEMENTS At a meetng of the Board of Drectors of Hll Farm Homeowners

More information

OFFICES TO LET OLD HALL FARMHOUSE WHITESTITCH LANE, MERIDEN

OFFICES TO LET OLD HALL FARMHOUSE WHITESTITCH LANE, MERIDEN PACKINGTON ESTATE ENTERPRISES LIMITED Packngton Hall, Merden, Warwckshre CV7 7HF Telephone 01676 522020 Facsmle 01676 523399 AGRICULTURAL, SPORTING AND COMMERCIAL PROPERTY OFFICES TO LET OLD HALL FARMHOUSE

More information

THE IMPACT OF AIRCRAFT NOISE ON HOUSE PRICES

THE IMPACT OF AIRCRAFT NOISE ON HOUSE PRICES S. Huderek-Glapska, R. Trojanek. The mpact of arcraft nose on house prces. Internatonal Journal of Academc Research Part B; 2013; 5(3), 397-408. DOI: 10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-3/B.60 THE IMPACT OF AIRCRAFT

More information

Medical Office Investment. Well-Established Practice in East Asheville at I-40 and US74

Medical Office Investment. Well-Established Practice in East Asheville at I-40 and US74 Medcal Investment Long-Term Lee to Park Rdge Health I INVESTMENT (828) 665-9085 WhtneyCRE.com 333 Ghes Creek Road, Ashevlle, NC 28803 Well-Establshed Practce n Et Ashevlle at I-40 and US74 16,363 SF on

More information

Own or Lease All or Part

Own or Lease All or Part Own or Lease All or Part Entre Center or Indvdual Sutes For Sale R INVESTMENT (828) 665-9085 WhtneyCRE.com 2560 Ashevlle Hghway, Hendersonvlle, NC 28791 Below Market Prcng, wth Great Exposure on Major

More information

FOR SALE Historic 1897 Herren House in Downtown Waynesville Presents a Variety of Opportunities

FOR SALE Historic 1897 Herren House in Downtown Waynesville Presents a Variety of Opportunities FOR SALE Hstorc 1897 Herren House n Downtown Waynesvlle Presents a Varety of Opportuntes (828) 665-9085 WhtneyCRE.com 94 East St., Turnkey Bed & Breakfast wth Industral Ktchen; A Lve/Work Busness or Co-Workng

More information

On Cul-de-Sac Lot at the Top of Premier Class A Office Park. SITE i. All utilities contiguous to or on site Zoning allows for use flexibility

On Cul-de-Sac Lot at the Top of Premier Class A Office Park. SITE i. All utilities contiguous to or on site Zoning allows for use flexibility 1.92 Acres Rdgefeld Busness Center I-26, Ext, Ashevlle (828) 665-9085 WhtneyCRE.com 2500 Heart Drve, Ashevlle, NC 28806 On Cul-de-Sac Lot at the Top of Premer Class A Offce Park Rdgefeld Blvd $379,900

More information

Development Site has 3,100 LF of River Frontage, 8.3 Miles to Downtown SITE. Moffitt Branch Road. Tunnel Road

Development Site has 3,100 LF of River Frontage, 8.3 Miles to Downtown SITE. Moffitt Branch Road. Tunnel Road 31 ACRES FOR RESIDENTIAL PROXIMITY TO US 70 / I-40 EAST ASHEVILLE, NC (828) 665-9085 WhtneyCRE.com 423 Mofftt Rd, Ashevlle, NC 28805 Development Ste has 3,100 LF of Rver Frontage, 8.3 Mles to Downtown

More information

A l p i n e P l a n n i n g, L L C P.O. Box 654 Ridgway, CO mail.com

A l p i n e P l a n n i n g, L L C P.O. Box 654 Ridgway, CO mail.com A l p n e P l a n n n g, L L C P.O. Box 654 Rdgway, CO 81432 970.964.7927 alpneplannngllc@g mal.com December 1, 2017 Mountan Vllage Town Councl & Desgn Revew Board 455 Mountan Vllage Blvd., Ste. A Mountan

More information

THIRD AMENDMENT TO THE MASTER DEED FOR UBER 355 PAGE 712 CONDOMINIUM HOMES OF NORTHBAY POINTE. THIS INSTRUMENT OF AMENDMENT to the Master Deed for

THIRD AMENDMENT TO THE MASTER DEED FOR UBER 355 PAGE 712 CONDOMINIUM HOMES OF NORTHBAY POINTE. THIS INSTRUMENT OF AMENDMENT to the Master Deed for ~- :;. ~ THRD AMENDMENT TO THE MASTER DEED FOR UBER 355 PAGE 712 CONDOMNUM HOMES OF NORTHBAY PONTE THS NSTRUMENT OF AMENDMENT to the Master Deed for -_.; -.: ~--... -.~... f ' {! \... j l j r \. ) ' CONDOMNUM

More information

Comment to The English Translation of The Legislation on the Automatic Balance Mechanism

Comment to The English Translation of The Legislation on the Automatic Balance Mechanism Workng Papers n Socal Insurance 2001:3 Comment to The Englsh Translaton of The Legslaton on the Automatc Balance Mechansm Ole Settergren The Natonal Socal Insurance Board OLE SETTERGREN THE NATIONAL SOCIAL

More information

q q DECLARATION OF COVENANTS, CONDITIONS, AND RESTRICTIONS FOR CANDLEWOOD SUBDIVISION SECTION I PHASES 3-E AND 3-F

q q DECLARATION OF COVENANTS, CONDITIONS, AND RESTRICTIONS FOR CANDLEWOOD SUBDIVISION SECTION I PHASES 3-E AND 3-F q q STATE OF SOUTH CAROLNA COUNTY OF SPARTANBURG DEE-2011-28572 Recorded 4 Pages on 8/16/2011 11 :30:05 AM Recordng Fee: $10.00 Documentary Stamps: $0.00 Offce of Regster of Deeds, Spartanburg, S.C. Dorothy!"#$%&'()*+,-./

More information

A Proosed House in Watertown, Connecticut. Submitted in partial requirement for the. Degree of Bachelor of Architecture by

A Proosed House in Watertown, Connecticut. Submitted in partial requirement for the. Degree of Bachelor of Architecture by A Proosed House n Watertown, Connectcut Report on the Thess Submtted n partal requrement for the Degree of Bachelor of Archtecture by Hazel Weld l -May 24, 1933 Massachusetts nsttute f Teehnology!t,',

More information

ibrooklyn Park SPLIT VISIONS A PLANBOOK OF REMODELING i SPLIT-LEVEL AND SPLIT-ENTRY HOUSES BY ROBERT GERLOFF, AIA + JEREMIAH BATTLES

ibrooklyn Park SPLIT VISIONS A PLANBOOK OF REMODELING i SPLIT-LEVEL AND SPLIT-ENTRY HOUSES BY ROBERT GERLOFF, AIA + JEREMIAH BATTLES Brooklyn Park Burnsvlle Crcle Pnes Coon Rapds Dakota County Golden Valley Hennepn County Maplewood Mounds Vew New Hope Plymouth Ramsey County Rosevlle Shorevew Washngton County SPLIT VISIONS A PLANBOOK

More information

Real estate ownership and the demand for cars in Denmark. - A pseudo-panel analysis

Real estate ownership and the demand for cars in Denmark. - A pseudo-panel analysis Real estate ownershp and the demand for cars n Denmark - A pseudo-panel analyss Abstract Jens Erk Nelsen, Dansh Transport Research Insttute Ths paper examnes how real estate ownershp, ncreasng real estate

More information

PALM BEACH COUNTY BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY

PALM BEACH COUNTY BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY PALM BEACH COUNTY BOARD OF COUNTY COMMSSONERS AGENDA TEM SUMMARY Agenda tem #: 31-l-fo Meetng Date: Department: May 6, 2014 [X] Consent [ ] Regular [ ] Ordnance [ ] Publc Hearng Facltes Development & Operatons.

More information

ANNEXATION Frequently asked questions

ANNEXATION Frequently asked questions ANNEXATION Frequently asked questons Q. What s the extraterrtoral jursdcton (ETJ) and how s the ETJ determned? The ETJ of a muncpalty s the unncorporated area that s contguous to the corporate boundares

More information

City of Richmond. Report to Development Permit Panel. we Att.

City of Richmond. Report to Development Permit Panel. we Att. Cty of Rchmond Report to Development Permt Panel To: From: Re: Development Permt Panel Wayne Crag Drector of Development Date: March 8, 217 Fle: DP 16-745853 Applcaton by YuanHeng Seasde Developments Ltd.

More information

I I I ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT I I I "BETHANIA" POTTS POINT. June WendyThorp

I I I ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT I I I BETHANIA POTTS POINT. June WendyThorp ARCHAEOLOGCAL ASSESSMENT "BETHANA" POTTS PONT June 1997 WendyThorp -r Archaeologcal Assessment CONTENTS OF THE REPORT 1.0 Precs of the Report.... 2.0 Parameters of the nvestgaton 2.1 The Ste...... 2.2

More information

o. Randall Stokes, Esq. Lew~s and Ro-:a. When recorde1, return to: West Wasuington, 23rd Floor. Phoenix, Arizona

o. Randall Stokes, Esq. Lew~s and Ro-:a. When recorde1, return to: West Wasuington, 23rd Floor. Phoenix, Arizona :j 1610-641 When recorde1, return to: 1 2 ' 3 4,, 5 ' 61 1! 8. 9, 10 11 : 12 13 ' 14! 15 1 o. Randall Stokes, Esq. Lew~s and Ro-:a 100 West Wasungton, 23rd Floor Phoenx, Arzona 85003-1899 AMENDED AND RESTATED

More information

CITY OF DAbE CITY. James D. Class, City ClerkIFinance Ditor Camille Hernandez, Commissioner

CITY OF DAbE CITY. James D. Class, City ClerkIFinance Ditor Camille Hernandez, Commissioner CTY OF DAbE CTY "Proud Hertage, Promsng FutureN P. Hutchson "Hutch" Brock, 4 Mayor Harold R. Sample, Cty Manager Steve Van Gorden, Mayor Pro-Tern Karla S. Owens, Cty AttorneyCommunty Dev. Dtor Scott Black,

More information

Modeling the Impacts of Vacancy Taxes on the Taiwan Housing Market

Modeling the Impacts of Vacancy Taxes on the Taiwan Housing Market Proceedngs of the Natonal Scence Councl, ROC Part C: Humantes and Socal Scence 00,Vol.,No. Modelng the Impacts of Vacancy Taxes on the Tawan Housng Market Yen-Jong Chen Department of Urban Plannng Natonal

More information

Contiguous to CHS Blue Ridge Hospital BURKE PRIMARY CARE PHIFER WELLNESS CENTER. Bush Drive EXIT 105 EL PASO MEXICAN QUALITY MART QUICK MART

Contiguous to CHS Blue Ridge Hospital BURKE PRIMARY CARE PHIFER WELLNESS CENTER. Bush Drive EXIT 105 EL PASO MEXICAN QUALITY MART QUICK MART 1.3 ACRES I-40 VISIBILITY Ext n Morganton, NC (828) 665-9085 WhtneyCRE.com 125 Bush Drve, Morganton, NC 28655 Contguous to CHS Blue Rdge Hosptal $550,000 1.3 Acres Hgh vsblty from I-40 wth 44,000 cars

More information

MEMORANDUM. Second Reading of Ordinance 14-03, Form-based Code.

MEMORANDUM. Second Reading of Ordinance 14-03, Form-based Code. Agenda tem #--'P:...:H:...:.-_:1 _ Meetng Date: February 20, 2014 MEMORANDUM TO: Cty Commsson FROM: Robert DSprto, Cty Manager ~ DATE: February 7, 2014 SUBJECT: PRESENTER: RECOMMENDATON: BUDGET MPACT:

More information

BETWEEN THE CITY OF LOS ANGELES FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF AIRPORTS AND DENNY S INC.

BETWEEN THE CITY OF LOS ANGELES FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF AIRPORTS AND DENNY S INC. FRST AMENDMENT TO LEASE AGREEMENT No. LAA-8758 BETWEEN THE CTY OF LOS ANGELES FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF ARPORTS AND DENNY S NC. AT 5535 WEST CENTURY BOULEVARD, LOS ANGELES, CA 90045 AT LOS ANGELES NTERNATONAL

More information

HILLIARD AVE. MLS# Karnes/CPE: Loopnet:

HILLIARD AVE. MLS# Karnes/CPE: Loopnet: Downtown Ashevlle Land FOR SALE or JOINT VENTURE on Prme Corner Zoned CBD (828) 665-9085 WhtneyCRE.com 357 Hllard Avenue, Ashevlle, NC 28801 Corner Lot at Hllard and Clngman Avenues s Surrounded by Sold

More information

ORDINANCE NO

ORDINANCE NO ORDNANCE NO. 046-17 AN ORDNANCE OF THE CTY OF PORT ORCHARD, WASHNGTON, ESTABLSHNG A MXED-USE PLOT PROGRAM AND DEVELOPMENT REGULATONS, PROVDNG FOR SEVERABLTY AND PUBLCATON; AND SETTNG AN EFFECTVE DATE.

More information

Forest City Industrial/Distribution. 111,128 SF Warehouse & Office Space. 486, 490 Vance Street, Forest City, NC 28043

Forest City Industrial/Distribution. 111,128 SF Warehouse & Office Space. 486, 490 Vance Street, Forest City, NC 28043 (828) 665-9085 WhtneyCRE.com Forest Cty Industral/Dstrbuton 111,128 SF Warehouse Offce Space, Vance Street, Forest Cty, NC 28043 I Industral Sale or Lease Multple Sale Lease Optons For Adjacent Industral

More information

Henley Business School

Henley Business School Henley Busness School School of Real Estate & Plannng Workng Papers n Real Estate & Plannng 07/09 The copyrght of each Workng Paper remans wth the author. If you wsh to quote from or cte any Paper please

More information

TREE FARM MPUD MIXED-USE PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT

TREE FARM MPUD MIXED-USE PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT TREE FARM MPUD A MXED-USE PLANNED UNT DEVELOPMENT REGULATONS AND SUPPORTNG MASTER PLAN GOVERNNG THE TREE FARM MPUD, A PLANNED UNT DEVELOPMENT PURSUANT TO PROVSONS OF THE COLLER COUNTY LAND DEVELOPMENT

More information

O Sullivan s HALRB Application

O Sullivan s HALRB Application Contents 2 historic photos 3 historic photos 4 proposed context 5 existing exterior photos 6 new entrance washington blvd / north irving 7 east elevation north irving st 8 south elevation washington blvd

More information

City of Ruston Zoning Ordinance

City of Ruston Zoning Ordinance Cty of Ruston Zonng Ordnance Effectve November 5, 202 Amended August, 206 clearzonng Clear and connected www.clearzonng.com (Intentonally Blank) Formattng, organzaton, graphcs & desgn 202 Clearzonng, Inc.

More information

Forest City Industrial/Distribution. 111,128 SF Warehouse & Office Space. 486, 490 Vance Street, Forest City, NC 28043

Forest City Industrial/Distribution. 111,128 SF Warehouse & Office Space. 486, 490 Vance Street, Forest City, NC 28043 (828) 665-9085 WhtneyCRE.com Forest Cty Industral/Dstrbuton 111,128 SF Warehouse Offce Space, Vance Street, Forest Cty, NC 28043 I Industral Sale or Lease Multple Sale Lease Optons For Adjacent Industral

More information

The Nexus between Labor Wages and Property Rents in the Greater China Area

The Nexus between Labor Wages and Property Rents in the Greater China Area The Nexus between Labor Wages and Property Rents n the Greater Chna Area by Terence Ta-Leung Chong, Kenny Ch-Wa Shu and Vvan Wong Workng Paper No. 17 July 2013 Insttute of Global Economcs and Fnance The

More information

Definitions. 5 Standards. Charter Township of West Bloomfield clearzoning

Definitions. 5 Standards. Charter Township of West Bloomfield clearzoning than ten (0) feet to a street rght-of-way lne. E. Satellte televson dsh antennas are permtted subject to the provsons of Secton 26-5.9 and requre a buldng department permt pror to placement on any resdental

More information

Fn PSU/SEGMENT NO. IILlllll MONTH YEAR DATE TOTAL VISITS TOTAL IN HOUSEHOLD TOTAL ELIGIBLE [ ~ WOMEN TOTAL ELIGIBLE MEN

Fn PSU/SEGMENT NO. IILlllll MONTH YEAR DATE TOTAL VISITS TOTAL IN HOUSEHOLD TOTAL ELIGIBLE [ ~ WOMEN TOTAL ELIGIBLE MEN EGYPT DEMOGRAPHC AND HEALTH SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE DENTFCATON GOVERNORATE KSN/MARQAZ SHAXHA/VLLAGE HOUSEHOLD NO. URBAN... 1 LARGE CTY...1 RURAL... 2 SMALL CTY...2 SUBSAMPLE: YES... 1 NO... 2 PSU/SEGNENT

More information

{Lpv ~1- u 1, BY-LAW N020

{Lpv ~1- u 1, BY-LAW N020 M {Lpv 1- u 1, (3) /-;2..;..f,3-;,L.,-... CORPORATON OF THE TOW BY-LAW N020 fyfla ;74 fy.;.>t 21. :m LED, r/t:.x b {.;...;:)Oq- ol.f] BENG A BY -LAW TO AMEND BY -LAW 87-112 AS AMENDED (Prvate Property

More information

AGENDA ITEM 1 O Consent Item. Acceptance of an Irrevocable Offer of Dedication for a portion of the future Bass Lake Hills Park and Ride.

AGENDA ITEM 1 O Consent Item. Acceptance of an Irrevocable Offer of Dedication for a portion of the future Bass Lake Hills Park and Ride. AGENDA TEM 1 O Consent tem MEMORANDUM DATE: Aprl 5, 2018 TO: FROM: SUBJECT: El Dorado County Transt Authorty Mndy Jackson, Executve Drector Acceptance of an rrevocable Offer of Dedcaton for a porton of

More information

Chapter 135. Ths Ordinance shall be known and cited as the "Snow Shoe Township Zoning Ordinance."

Chapter 135. Ths Ordinance shall be known and cited as the Snow Shoe Township Zoning Ordinance. SNOW SHOE TOWNSHP ZONTNG ORDNANCE Chapter 135 5135-1 SHORT TTLE AND PURPOSES. 100 101 Ths Ordnance shall be known and cted as the "Snow Shoe Townshp Zonng Ordnance." The ntent of ths Ordnance s to establsh

More information

, 703, 713, 714, 732

, 703, 713, 714, 732 2664 9-18-2018 9-28-2018 801 2668 12-04-2018 3-22-2019 702, 703, 713, 714, 732 2669 12-04-2018 3-22-2019 102, 200, 300, 402, 409, 412, 414, 437, 440, 602, 603, 704, 709, 801 2670 12-04-2018 3-22-2019 302

More information

WORKING COPY: DO NOT CITE WITHOUT PERMISSION

WORKING COPY: DO NOT CITE WITHOUT PERMISSION Estmatng the Effect of Crme Rsk on Property Values and Tme on Market: Evdence from Megan s Law n Vrgna Raymond Brastow Federal Reserve Bank of Rchmond Raymond.Brastow@rch.frb.org Phone: 804-697-8668 Fax:

More information

LAND TENURE AND SOCIOECONOMIC INTERACTIONS

LAND TENURE AND SOCIOECONOMIC INTERACTIONS LAND TENURE AND SOCIOECONOMIC INTERACTIONS Jame s Ssemam bo, James O. Bukenya and M arb el M ojca* Selected Paper to be presented at the Amercan Agrcultural Economcs Assocaton s Annual Meetng. Long Beach,

More information

A Spatial Multi-Criteria Model for the Evaluation of Land Redistribution Plans

A Spatial Multi-Criteria Model for the Evaluation of Land Redistribution Plans ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2012, 1, 272-293; do:10.3390/jg1030272 Artcle OPEN ACCESS ISPRS Internatonal Journal of Geo-Informaton ISSN 2220-9964 www.mdp.com/journal/jg/ A Spatal Mult-Crtera Model for the Evaluaton

More information

NHBC Sheltered Housing Code. For Builders and Developers registered with NHBC

NHBC Sheltered Housing Code. For Builders and Developers registered with NHBC NHBC Sheltered Housng Code For Bulders and Developers regstered wth NHBC Defntons Applcable to sheltered housng n England and Wales only Some of the words n these Rules have specal meanngs. They are prnted

More information

SECOND SUPPLEMENTAL ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY FOR DOWNTOWN DORAL SOUTH COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DISTRICT. Assessment Area One.

SECOND SUPPLEMENTAL ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY FOR DOWNTOWN DORAL SOUTH COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DISTRICT. Assessment Area One. SECOND SUPPLEMENTAL ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY FOR DOWNTOWN DORAL SOUTH COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DISTRICT Assessment Area One November 17, 2017 Prepared by Governmental Management Servces-South Florda, LLC 5385

More information

ZONING RESOLUTION JACKSON TOWNSHIP SENECA COUNTY, OHIO. Revised May 27, 2014

ZONING RESOLUTION JACKSON TOWNSHIP SENECA COUNTY, OHIO.   Revised May 27, 2014 ZONING RESOLUTION JACKSON TOWNSHIP SENECA COUNTY OHIO wwwjacksontwp-senecacom Revsed May 27 204 Ths prntng supersedes all prevous prntngs and copes of Zonng Resolutons Table of Contents ARTICLE I TITLES

More information

City of Ruston Zoning Ordinance

City of Ruston Zoning Ordinance Cty of Ruston Zonng Ordnance (Chapter 29 of the Code of Ordnances of the Cty of Ruston, Lousana) Effectve November 5, 202 Amended September 0, 208 (Intentonally Blank) Formattng, organzaton, graphcs &

More information

RECITALS. WHEREAS, City and Lessee previously entered into Lease No. LAA-8637, commencing August 31,2012 and expiring August 30, 2017; and

RECITALS. WHEREAS, City and Lessee previously entered into Lease No. LAA-8637, commencing August 31,2012 and expiring August 30, 2017; and FRST AMENDMENT TO LEASE NO. LAA-8637 BETWEEN THE CTY OF LOS ANGELES DEPARTMENT OF ARPORTS AND VRGN ATLANTC ARWAYS LMTED FOR PREMSES LOCATED AT 5758 CENTURY BLVD. AT LOS ANGELES NTERNATONAL ARPORT THS FRST

More information

West Bengal Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation

West Bengal Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation Industral Infrastructure Development Corporaton Block DJ, Plot No. 10, Sector II, Saltlake Cty, Kolkata 700 091 APPLICATION FORM FOR ALLOTMENT / ASSIGNMENT OF PLOT OF LAND / SHED / SDF BLDG. IN INDUSTRIAL

More information

FOR LEASE 1.25 Miles to I-40, Exit 44

FOR LEASE 1.25 Miles to I-40, Exit 44 West Ashevlle Offce/Warehouse FOR LEASE 1.25 Mles to I-40, Ext 44 (828) 665-9085 WhtneyCRE.com 5 Woodland Drve, Ashevlle NC Offce Only -OR- Offce + 5,203 SF Warehouse Offce: $8.00 / SF* NNN Offce + Warehouse:

More information

AGENDA ITEM 1 N Consent Item. Acceptance of an Irrevocable Offer of Dedication for a portion of the future Bass Lake Hills Park and Ride.

AGENDA ITEM 1 N Consent Item. Acceptance of an Irrevocable Offer of Dedication for a portion of the future Bass Lake Hills Park and Ride. AGENDA TEM 1 N Consent tem MEMORANDUM DATE: Aprl 5, 2018 TO: FROM: SUBECT: El Dorado County Transt Authorty Mndy ackson, Executve Drector Acceptance of an rrevocable Offer of Dedcaton for a porton of the

More information

WHEREAS, Chapter 312 of the Texas Tax Code authorizes the City of McKinney, Texas, to participate in tax abatement agreements; and

WHEREAS, Chapter 312 of the Texas Tax Code authorizes the City of McKinney, Texas, to participate in tax abatement agreements; and RESOLUTON NO. 203-0- 0 ( R) A RESOLUTON OF THE CTY COUNCL OF THE CTY OF MCKNNEY, TEXAS, APPROVNG A COMMERCAL- NDUSTRAL TAX ABATEMENT AGREEMENT WTH MANNER PLASTCS, L. P.; AUTHORZNG THE CTY MANAGER TO EXECUTE

More information

A Closer Review and Strategic Implications of the Comparative Market Analysis in Setting the List Price

A Closer Review and Strategic Implications of the Comparative Market Analysis in Setting the List Price A Closer Revew and Strategc Implcatons of the Comparatve Market Analyss n Settng the Lst Prce Chu V. Nguyen Unversty of Houston-Downtown Luclle L. Ponter Unversty of Houston-Downtown Charles Stran Unversty

More information

COMMERCIAL EXCHANGE BUILDING West 8th Street and 800 South Olive Street CHC HCM ENV CE

COMMERCIAL EXCHANGE BUILDING West 8th Street and 800 South Olive Street CHC HCM ENV CE COMMERCAL EXCHANGE BULDNG 416-436 West 8th Street and 800 South Olve Street CHC-2017-1565-HCM ENV-2017-1566-CE Agenda packet ncludes: 1. Fnal Determnaton Staff Recommendaton Report 2. Categorcal Exempton

More information

Land Allocation in Vietnam s Agrarian Transition

Land Allocation in Vietnam s Agrarian Transition Land Allocaton n Vetnam s Agraran Transton Martn Ravallon Development Research Group World Bank, 1818 H Street, N.W. Washngton, DC 20433 mravallon@worldbank.org Domnque van de Walle Development Research

More information

Land Markets in Transition: Theory and Evidence from Hungary. Liesbet Vranken and Johan F.M. Swinnen

Land Markets in Transition: Theory and Evidence from Hungary. Liesbet Vranken and Johan F.M. Swinnen Land Markets n Transton: Theory and Evdence from Hungary Lesbet Vranken and Johan F.M. Swnnen Research Group on Food Polcy, Transton, and Development Katholeke Unverstet Leuven Workng Paper 2003/1* www.prgleuven.be

More information

An Empirical Investigation of the Linkages between Government Payments and Farmland Leasing Arrangements

An Empirical Investigation of the Linkages between Government Payments and Farmland Leasing Arrangements An Emprcal Investgaton of the Lnkages between Government Payments and Farmland Leasng Arrangements Feng Qu Barry K. Goodwn Jean-Phlppe Gervas Department of Agrcultural and Resource Economcs North Carolna

More information

NOTICE OF SALE OF PUBLIC OWNED PROPERTY TOWNSHIP OF SALISBURY LEHIGH COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA

NOTICE OF SALE OF PUBLIC OWNED PROPERTY TOWNSHIP OF SALISBURY LEHIGH COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA NOICE OF SALE OF PUBLIC OWNED PROPERY OWNSHIP OF SALISBURY LEHIGH COUNY PENNSYLVANIA Notce s hereby gven that the ownshp of Salsbury, Lehgh County, Pennsylvana s offerng for sale a tract located n the

More information

The industrial legacy of the river has brought about

The industrial legacy of the river has brought about Protectng a Natural Legacy: Scenc Hudson, Inc. and the Hudson Rver Valley Seth McKee ts From source at Lake Tear of the Clouds n the Adrondack Mountans of upper New York State, the Hudson Rver flows over

More information

The Economics of Asset Values and Current Income in Farming

The Economics of Asset Values and Current Income in Farming The Economcs of Asset Values and Current ncome n Farmng Robert D. Rensel and Edward. Rensel n March 1979land values n the Unted States averaged three tmes ther 1970 level. The ncreases n ths decade surpassed

More information

Breaking up the Collective Farm:

Breaking up the Collective Farm: Breakng up the Collectve Farm: Welfare Outcomes of Vetnam s Massve Land Prvatzaton Martn Ravallon and Domnque van de Walle 1 World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washngton DC, 20433, USA 12 November, 2001 Abstract:

More information

Texas Township Zoning Ordinance. Effective: December 13, 2010

Texas Township Zoning Ordinance. Effective: December 13, 2010 Texas Townshp Zonng Ordnance Effectve: December 3, 200 May 8, 207 (Intentonally Blank) Formattng, organzaton, graphcs & desgn 200 Clearzonng, Inc. All rghts reserved. Texas Townshp Zonng Ordnance clearzonng

More information

Industrial/Flex in Airport Area

Industrial/Flex in Airport Area Industral/Flex n Arport Area Wth Tenants n Place Ideal for Investor, User, or New Tenant (828) 665-9085 WhtneyCRE.com Chrstel, Arden NC Just Off Arport Road n Ashevlle Arport Plaza Area, Ths Property Works

More information

Agenda Item # Page # r-ir APPLICATION BY SIFTON PROPERTIES LIMITED PORTION OF 1851 SHORE ROAD DRAFT PLAN OF SUBDIVISION 39T-04511

Agenda Item # Page # r-ir APPLICATION BY SIFTON PROPERTIES LIMITED PORTION OF 1851 SHORE ROAD DRAFT PLAN OF SUBDIVISION 39T-04511 r-r------ 11 FROM: R. W. PANZER GENERAL MANAGER OF PLANN~NG AND DEVELOPMENT SUBJECT: APPLCATON BY SFTON PROPERTES LMTED PORTON OF 1851 SHORE ROAD DRAFT PLAN OF SUBDVSON 39T-04511 MEETNG.. - ON -.. MONDAY,

More information

THE CORPORATION OF DELTA BYLAW NO The Municipal Council of The Corporation of Delta in open meeting assembled, ENACTS AS FOLLOWS:

THE CORPORATION OF DELTA BYLAW NO The Municipal Council of The Corporation of Delta in open meeting assembled, ENACTS AS FOLLOWS: Attachment A Page 1 of 2 THE CORPORATON OF DELTA BYLAW NO. 6937 A Bylaw to amend the "Delta Zoning Bylaw No. 275, 1977" The Municipal Council of The Corporation of Delta in open meeting assembled, ENACTS

More information

VnnEA, the Planning Commission of the City of Issaquah has

VnnEA, the Planning Commission of the City of Issaquah has ;~ - VOY"! ORDNANCE NO. f? g S AN ORDNANCE ADPTNG A COMPREHNSVE PLAN FOR THE DEVEOPMENT OF THE CTY OF SSA;UAH AS AUTHORZED BY CHAPTER 35.63 RfVSED CODE OF WASHNGTON. WHEA Revsed Code of Washngton chapter

More information

California. c vos. Op-,* '% a. eric garcetti mayor

California. c vos. Op-,* '% a. eric garcetti mayor DEPARTMENT OF CTY PLANNNG 200 N Sprng Street, Room 532 Los Angeles, CA 90012-4801 cultural hertage commsson rchard barron presdent Cty of Los Angeles Calforna c vos Op-, % a EXECUTVE OFFCES VNCENT P BERTON,

More information

City Of Alpharetta. Public Hearing Application. Community Development Department 2 Park Plaza m ALPHARETTA, GA 30009

City Of Alpharetta. Public Hearing Application. Community Development Department 2 Park Plaza m ALPHARETTA, GA 30009 CLUP-17-07MP-17-06Z-17-20CU-17-18 122917 GREENSTONE PKWY 400 V-17-44 Cty Of Alpharetta FOR OFFCE USE ONLY Case #: Publc Hearng Applcaton Q Fee Pad ntal: Communty Development Department 2 Park Plaza m ALPHARETTA,

More information

International Journal of Development and Sustainability Vol.3 No.9 (2014): Introduction

International Journal of Development and Sustainability Vol.3 No.9 (2014): Introduction Internatonal Journal of Development and Sustanablty ISSN: 2186-8662 www.sdsnet.com/jds Volume 3 Number 9 (2014): Pages 1862-1877 ISDS Artcle ID: IJDS14032304 Reverse tenancy and dstress contractng among

More information

Weinberg v Sultan 2016 NY Slip Op 30272(U) February 10, 2016 Supreme Court, New York County Docket Number: /2013 Judge: Cynthia S.

Weinberg v Sultan 2016 NY Slip Op 30272(U) February 10, 2016 Supreme Court, New York County Docket Number: /2013 Judge: Cynthia S. Wenberg v Sultan 2016 NY Slp Op 30272(U) February 10, 2016 Supreme Court, New York County Docket Number: 652273/2013 Judge: Cyntha S. Kern Cases posted wth a "30000" dentfer,.e., 2013 NY Slp Op 30001(U),

More information

Environmental Economy and Policy Research

Environmental Economy and Policy Research UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE Department of Land Economy Envronmental Economy and Polcy Research Dscusson Paper Seres Land Tenure Arrangements and Rural-Urban Mgraton n Chna by Katrna Mullan, Paulne Grosjean

More information

The Effect of HVTLs on Property Values: An Event Study

The Effect of HVTLs on Property Values: An Event Study Effect of HVTLs on Property Value 1 INTERNATIONAL REAL ESTATE REVI The Effect of HVTLs on Property Values: An Event Study Charles Thomas Black Swan Realty Advsors, 14 Monarch Bay Plaza, Sute 293, Monarch

More information

! COUNTYCl ikjh&jj~ y,

! COUNTYCl ikjh&jj~ y, T.J1) FORr.:C7,n L'.lUJ Of2g21 APR0 4 2008! COUNTYCl KJH&jj~ y, : F! ~ 8...::'""~1 REPLACEMENT DEDCATON AND DECLARATON OF COVENANTS, CONDTon-. -- ~. RESTRCTONS FOR THE BURLESON MAGNOLA FARMS HO~OWNERS

More information

CUMBERLAND TOWNSHIP PENNSYLVANIA GREENE COUNTY I ZONING ORDINANCE

CUMBERLAND TOWNSHIP PENNSYLVANIA GREENE COUNTY I ZONING ORDINANCE CUMBERLAND TOWNSHP GREENE COUNTY PENNSYLVANA ZONNG ORDNANCE ... TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1 GENERAL PROVSONS A. Prelmnary Provsons: 101 Short Ttle 102 Communty Development Objectves 103 nterpretaton 104 Severablty

More information

CITY OF DELAND, FLORIDA REQUEST FOR COMMISSION ACTION. FEBRUARY 15, 2016 Attachments: X] Ordinance X ] Staff Report ] Location Map.

CITY OF DELAND, FLORIDA REQUEST FOR COMMISSION ACTION. FEBRUARY 15, 2016 Attachments: X] Ordinance X ] Staff Report ] Location Map. Department: Plannng Subject: A- 6-0; Abandonment of Rght-of- Way Located Wthn a Porton Co. Plat X of the Blue Lake Celery CITY OF DELAND, FLORIDA REQUEST FOR COMMISSION ACTION FEBRUARY 5, 206 Attachments:

More information

THE ROLE OF SPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES REGARDING INVESTMENT SITE SELECTION

THE ROLE OF SPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES REGARDING INVESTMENT SITE SELECTION THE ROLE OF SPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES REGARDING INVESTMENT SITE SELECTION Monka Sejka, PhD Department of Land Surveyng, Unversty of Agrculture n Krakow e-mal: rmwech@cyf-kr.edu.pl

More information

THE INSTITUTE OF CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS OF INDIA (ICAI)

THE INSTITUTE OF CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS OF INDIA (ICAI) THE INSTITUTE OF CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS OF INDIA (ICAI) EXPRESSION OF INTEREST FOR PURCHASE OF LAND / BUILDING / PREMISES AT THANE FOR INSTITUTIONAL PURPOSES THE INSTITUTE OF CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS OF INDIA

More information

Small area estimation under a Fay-Herriot model with preliminary testing for the presence of random area effects

Small area estimation under a Fay-Herriot model with preliminary testing for the presence of random area effects Catalogue no. -00-X ISSN 49-09 Survey Methodology 4- Sall area estaton under a Fay-Herrot odel wth prelnary testng for the presence of rando area effects by Isabel Molna J.N.K. Rao and Gaur Sankar Datta

More information

Research Paper No. 2006/137. Juliano Assunção*

Research Paper No. 2006/137. Juliano Assunção* Research Paper No. 2006/137 Land Reform and Landholdngs n Brazl Julano Assunção* November 2006 Abstract Land and wealth are closely related n rural Brazl, a country characterzed by hgh levels of nequalty

More information

ZONING ORDINANCE NEW CASTLE TOWNSHIP SCHWWLL COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA PLANNING & ZONING CONSULTANT. Steven C. Boyer & Associates Hegins, PA

ZONING ORDINANCE NEW CASTLE TOWNSHIP SCHWWLL COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA PLANNING & ZONING CONSULTANT. Steven C. Boyer & Associates Hegins, PA ZONNG ORDNANCE NEW CASTLE TOWNSHP SCHWWLL COUNTY, PENNSYLVANA PLANNNG & ZONNG CONSULTANT Steven C. Boyer & Assocates Hegns, PA CONTENTS Pase ARTCLE GENERAL PROVSONS... - 0. TTLE... - 02. SHORT TTLE...

More information

HOUSEHOLD INCOME, LAND VALUATION AND RURAL LAND MARKET PARTICIPATION IN ECUADOR

HOUSEHOLD INCOME, LAND VALUATION AND RURAL LAND MARKET PARTICIPATION IN ECUADOR HOUSEHOLD INCOME, LAND VALUATION AND RURAL LAND MARKET PARTICIPATION IN ECUADOR By MARIA JOSE CASTILLO A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT

More information

South Yorkshire Estate in the Late Nineteenth Century

South Yorkshire Estate in the Late Nineteenth Century : A South Yorkshre Estate n the Late Nneteenth Century By T. W. BEASTALL ~ examnaton of Lord Scarbrough's estate on the borders of Yorkshre and Nottnghamshre s perhaps helpful n throwng lght on the hazards

More information

Effect of Pension Reform on Pension-Benefit Expectations and Savings Decisions in Japan

Effect of Pension Reform on Pension-Benefit Expectations and Savings Decisions in Japan RIETI Dscusson Paper Seres 11-E-065 Effect of Penson Reform on Penson-Beneft Expectatons and Savngs Decsons n Japan OKUMURA Tsunao Yokohama Natonal Unversty USUI Emko Nagoya Unversty and IZA The Research

More information

D NONE (No reportable positions.)

D NONE (No reportable positions.) Hnojosa, Rcardo H. Report Requred by lhe Ethcs AOJO n Gol'crmnent Act of 1978 Rev. 1!20JO FOR CALENDAR YEAR 2009 {5 U.S.C. app. 101-/llj 1. Person Reportng Uast name, frs.t. mddle ntal) Court or Organzaton

More information

I.2ESOTO CITY COUNCIL AGENDA

I.2ESOTO CITY COUNCIL AGENDA 0-2- 4 PUBLC HEARNGS E..2ESOTO CTY COUNCL AGENDA MANAGEMENT REPORT AGENDA TEM: CONDUCT THE FRST ANNEXATON PUBLC HEARNG TO CONSDER A PETTON FROM US REAL ESTATE LP ASKNG THE CTY OF DESOTO TO ANNEX A 3. ACRE

More information

Key words: Land tenancy, market participation, transaction cost, selection bias, Ethiopia

Key words: Land tenancy, market participation, transaction cost, selection bias, Ethiopia Factor Market Imperfectons and Rural Land Rental Markets n Northern Ethopan Hghlands By Hosa ena Ghebru and Sten Holden Department of Economcs and Resource Management Norwegan Unversty of Lfe Scences P.O.

More information

PSU/SEGHENT NO. HOUSING UNIT NO. ]J]]]]]]]p]:] :11ii]]]]]]i~Ji TOTAL VISITS [] iiiiiiiiiiiliiiililiiiiiiiiiiiiii

PSU/SEGHENT NO. HOUSING UNIT NO. ]J]]]]]]]p]:] :11ii]]]]]]i~Ji TOTAL VISITS [] iiiiiiiiiiiliiiililiiiiiiiiiiiiii EGYPT DEMOGRAPHC AND HEALTH SURVEy HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE GOVERMORATE K SN/NARQAZ DENTFCATOR PSU/SEGHENT. BULDNG. GOVERRATE SHAKHA/VLLAGE HOUSEHOLD. URBAN... 1 RURAL... 2 LARGE CTY...1 HOUSNG UNT. URBAN...

More information

'\ I FOR DECLARATION OF PROTECTIVE COVENANTS, CONDITIONS, RESTRICTIONS AND EASFMENTS

'\ I FOR DECLARATION OF PROTECTIVE COVENANTS, CONDITIONS, RESTRICTIONS AND EASFMENTS AF'ER RECORDNG, RETURN TO: Howard M. Feuersten, Bsq. Stoel Rves 900 SW Ffth, Sute 2300 Portland, OR 97204 DECLARATON OF PROTECTVE COVENANTS, CONDTONS, RESTRCTONS AND EASFMENTS FOR CHELAN AT CASCADE SUMMT

More information

AND SUBDIVISION OF LAND, REGULATING SALE

AND SUBDIVISION OF LAND, REGULATING SALE ORDNANCE NO. 1-86 AN ORDNANCE REGULATNG THE SUBDVSON OF LAND AND LAND DEVELOPMENT N TEE TOWNSHP OF PACKER, PROVDNG FOR THE PREPARATON OF PRELMNARY AND FNAL PLANS FOR SUCH PURPOSES REQURNG CERTAN MPROVEMENTS

More information

Hedonic pricing approach to estimate flood damage in. Tokyo Metropolitan Area

Hedonic pricing approach to estimate flood damage in. Tokyo Metropolitan Area Hedonc prcng approach to estmate flood damage n Tokyo Metropoltan Area Abstract There exsts a great deal of lterature on economc losses from flood dsasters. However, examnaton of the lterature rases concerns

More information