Plan for acquisition of historical consumption data and household typology for each dwelling

Transcription

1 MED Programme Priority-Objective 2-2: Promotion and renewable energy and improvement of energy efficiency Contract n. IS-MED Plan for acquisition of historical consumption data and household typology for each dwelling Greek pilot project: Energy Refurbishment of Students residences in DUTH Komotini Campus Intelligent energy management systems at local and regional level Setting an experimentation plan for multi-energy smart metering in LIH in the Med area October 2013 Authors: - Centre of Renewable Energy Sources and Saving (CRES) - Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH) Project co-financé par le Fonds Européen de Développement Régional - FEDER

2 CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW OF PILOT PROJECT GENERAL INFORMATION - GEOMETRY SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS BUILDING SYSTEMS INFORMATION TYPOLOGIES - ENERGY USES One-person student flats Two-persons student flats Communal / circulation areas ACQUISITION OF HISTORICAL CONSUMPTION DATA TYPE OF DATA SOUGHT TYPE OF HISTORICAL DATA METERED / MONITORED PROCESSING OF AVAILABLE HISTORICAL DATA...14 APPENDIX 1 HISTORICAL PPC MONTHLY ELECTRICITY RECORDS FOR DUTH CAMPUS ( )...17 APPENDIX 2 HISTORICAL FUEL OIL REGISTERS FOR 7 BUILDINGS ON SITE ( ) Project co-financé par le Fonds Européen de Développement Régional - FEDER

3 1.0 INTRODUCTION The pilot project in Greece involves the energy refurbishment of the 5 Students residences buildings of the Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH) campus of Komotini. This report presents the process that was followed in order to obtain historical data for the pilot buildings, in relation to their characteristics (technical, social, economic aspects), energy uses, occupants energy behaviour and historical energy consumption data. It also presents the actual consumption data obtained for the last 3-5 years. Sources of data acquisition To obtain data on the characteristics of the pilot buildings / student rooms and on the patterns of energy behaviour / consumption, information was collected from a number of sources: Architectural and building services design drawings On-site visits to the pilot buildings and on-site energy audits by CRES Discussions and walkarounds with the buildings manager and technical personnel responsible for the buildings maintenance and operation Discussions with the Technical Services department of DUTH Questionnaire survey (printed and ), given to building residents (students), including general profile questions and more specific energy and comfort related questions (data collection for WP5 and WP6) Records of the electricity supplier (Publlic Power Corporation), of the Technical Services department of DUTH and of the Student residences building manager Having processed the information obtained from these sources, in the sections that follow an overview is given of the pilot buildings characteristics and historical consumption data. Project co-financé par le Fonds Européen de Développement Régional - FEDER

4 2.0 OVERVIEW OF PILOT PROJECT 2.1 General information - Geometry The pilot project includes the energy refurbishment of the 5 existing DUTH Students residences buildings (buildings S1, S2, S3, S4, S5) in the campus of Komotini. The buildings were constructed in The site plan below illustrates the location of the 5 pilot buildings within the wider DUTH University campus. DUTH University campus Student residences City of KOMOTINI The total floor area of the 5 pilot buildings is 12,863m 2 accommodation for a total of 700 students. and they provide The 5 pilot building blocks are 2-3 storey and they contain in total 630 student flats: 560 one-person and 70 two-person flats. Each flat includes its own bathroom, and there are communal kitchens on each floor as well as other communal areas and circulation areas (corridors). The table below summarises the buildings accommodation breakdown: Building name Floor area 1-person flats 2-persons flats Total No of flats Total No of occupants (m 2 ) S S S S S Total Project co-financé par le Fonds Européen de Développement Régional - FEDER

5 The site plan below shows the layout of the five pilot buildings on the site. Building S1 Building S3 Building S4 Building S2 Building S5 2.2 Socio-economic characteristics The Student residences are public buildings owned and managed by the Democritus University of Thrace. The buildings follow in principle the model of low-income social housing buildings since they are occupied by students that have been selected according to social and financial criteria. Students pay no contribution to their energy bills, as these are paid directly by the University. The selection of residents for the Student halls is reviewed on an annual basis. Students can reside in the buildings between 1 and 6 years; typically they stay for 3-4 years. Project co-financé par le Fonds Européen de Développement Régional - FEDER

6 2.3 Building systems information Space heating and domestic hot water in the buildings are provided using a centralized oil boiler for each building, controlled on a central timer. The oil boiler for each building is located in a ground floor boiler room. There are radiators in all student flats as well as throughout the communal areas. There are no further automations/controls, and no cooling provision, except for a limited number of split units for few office areas). DHW is generated through the same oil boiler for each building as used for space heating. Lighting is provided mostly by incandescent light bulbs in student rooms, and by fluorescent light bulbs in communal areas. The type of energy consuming systems present in the different types of spaces in the buildings are further described in the following section. 2.4 Typologies Energy uses There are two typologies of student rooms in the buildings: one-person flats and twoperson flats. Their breakdown across the five buildings is shown on the table of section 2.1. Apart from these two types of spaces, there are also large communal areas (e.g. communal kitchens and lounges on each floor) and circulation areas in each building. Due to the nature of student residence buildings (including shared kitchens and communal areas), for the energy analysis that was undertaken, each pilot building was treated as a building block and the student flats were not treated as individual dwellings. This is in line with the Greek national energy methodology, treating student residence buildings not as stand-alone dwellings but as non-domestic multiresidential buildings, due to their typical functions and energy uses, including a significant percentage of communal spaces. Therefore for the purposes of ELIH-MED, there are 5 pilot building blocks on site and it is essential to be able assess each building s overall energy consumption at a whole building level (including student flats as well as communal areas). Below is a summary description of the types of spaces found in the buildings: Project co-financé par le Fonds Européen de Développement Régional - FEDER

7 2.4.1 One-person student flats There are 560 one-person flats across the five buildings, as shown in the accommodation breakdown (section 2.1). Each one-person flat has a floor area of approx.15m 2 (small variations occur). The rooms are occupied throughout the year, except for the summer holiday period between 15/07 and 31/08. Typical energy uses Typical photo and plan of a one-person student flat Space heating: The rooms are heated through radiators, fed by a central oil boiler in each building. There is no individual heating control per room, as the heating for each building is controlled centrally through a timer. Due to the heating system either not being on for long during the day or not operating properly in all rooms, auxiliary heating is commonly used by most students, through electrical heating devices (electric radiators or electric fan heaters). Domestic hot water: DHW is provided in the rooms, generated through the same central oil boiler in each building as used for space heating. It is stored in each building s boiler room in storage cylinders and distributed throughout the building via distribution pipework. Space ventilation / cooling: There is no cooling provided. All rooms are naturally ventilated through openable windows. In addition some students use portable electric ventilation fans in hot days. Lighting: Each student flat typically includes 3 conventional incandescent light bulbs 75W each providing general lighting in the room, the entrance and the bathroom, and 2 linear fluorescent luminaires with lamps 36W each, over the study desk. Lighting is controlled manually (on/off switches). Cooking: Typically cooked meals are not prepared in the rooms as these don t have kitchens and there is a student restaurant on campus. However some students use some personal electric appliances in their rooms for preparing quick meals, e.g. mini electric oven hobs / kitchenettes, coffee makers, toasters, kettles. Appliances: Electric appliances typically used by students in their rooms include TVs, PCs, laptops, hi-fi systems, small fridges, hairdryers. Project co-financé par le Fonds Européen de Développement Régional - FEDER

8 2.4.2 Two-persons student flats There are 70 two-persons flats, found only in buildings S1 and S2, as shown in the accommodation breakdown (section 2.1). Each two-persons flat has a floor area of approx.20m 2 (small variations occur). The rooms are occupied throughout the year, except for the summer holiday period between 15/07 and 31/08. Typical energy uses Typical photo and plan of a two-persons student flat The energy uses occurring in the two-persons flats are the same as described above in section for the one-person flats Communal / circulation areas There are communal kitchens and lounges on each floor, typically one every 15 rooms, or 2-3 per floor, by perimeter areas. Circulation corridors and stairwells run throughout the buildings, with corridors being in their majority internal. There is a limited number of office / administration rooms at the ground floor of each building, and a student cantine, at the ground floor of building S1. Typical photo and plan of a communal area Project co-financé par le Fonds Européen de Développement Régional - FEDER

9 Typical photo and plan of a circulation corridor Typical energy uses Space heating: All communal and circulation areas are heated through radiators fed by the central oil boiler in each building. There is no separate heating control for the different communal spaces of the building, as the heating for each building is controlled centrally through a timer. Domestic hot water: DHW is provided to communal kitchens on each floor (however it was observed that these are very rarely used). DHW is generated by the same central oil boiler in each building as used for space heating. Space ventilation / cooling: There is no cooling provided, apart from a limited number of rooms (office / administration rooms) where some split units are used. All communal and perimeter circulation spaces are naturally ventilated through openable windows. A large percentage of the circulation corridors is internal. Lighting: Lighting of circulation corridors and communal areas, in its majority includes linear fluorescent luminaires (of different wattage) as well as some circular fluorescent luminaires in stairwells. There is also some security lighting. All communal/circulation areas lighting is controlled centrally by a timer. Cooking: In the communal kitchens there are electric kitchen hobs, however it was observed that these are very rarely used, as there is a student restaurant on campus. There is a student cantine (in building S1) where some electrical appliances are used to serve drinks and snacks, e.g. toaster, kettle, fridges. Appliances: There are no electrical appliances in circulation areas and lounges. In a limited number of office / administration rooms at the ground floor of each building there are some PCs and in the student cantine (in building S1) there is a TV and radio. Project co-financé par le Fonds Européen de Développement Régional - FEDER

10 3.0 ACQUISITION OF HISTORICAL CONSUMPTION DATA 3.1 Type of data sought As analysed above, the nature of student residence buildings is such that large communal and circulation areas are included (in this project these spaces are both heated and lit), therefore for energy purposes each building s consumption is assessed at whole building level, as student rooms are not stand-alone dwellings. In order to assess the energy consumption of the existing buildings, prior to implementing the planned energy saving interventions, historical energy consumption data was sought by the Technical Services department of DUTH, as well as by the Student residences building manager. Specifically, in line with the agreed ELIH-MED methodology, the University was asked to provide as a minimum, monthly fuel and electricity bills for the Student residences buildings, for the last 3 years (2010, 2011, 2012). 3.2 Type of historical data metered / monitored The situation with regards to historical metering / monitoring of consumption data in the pilot buildings is summarised as follows: Electricity There is no electricity meter (or sub-meters) for each of the pilot buildings, neither there is a meter for the 5 Student residences buildings as a total. As a result, there is no historic data available for the electricity delivered specifically to the 5 pilot Student residence buildings. There is a single electricity meter for the whole of the University campus, including over 15 buildings of different uses (e.g. teaching buildings, student residences, amphitheatre, administrative buildings, restaurant etc.). The corresponding monthly electricity meter reading records for the period 01/2010 until 12/2012 were available by the Public Power Corporation, on the basis of which the monthly electricity bills were issued to DUTH for the entire campus. As these historical monthly bills were not available, the corresponding consumption and costs have been calculated (see section 3.3) using the information available from the monthly PPC registers and PPC information on energy charges for the past three years. However, these calculated monthly and annual consumptions correspond to the electricity consumption for the whole University campus (including over 15 buildings of different types and usage patterns) and it would be very difficult to estimate consumption just for the five pilot buildings. Project co-financé par le Fonds Européen de Développement Régional - FEDER

11 A sample electricity bill for the DUTH campus is in the format below. Consumption period Total consumption (kwh) Total cost Meter readings Project co-financé par le Fonds Européen de Développement Régional - FEDER

12 A sample PPC meter readings register for the DUTH campus is in the format below. The full set of monthly records for the years 2010, 2011, 2012 is included in Appendix 1. Date of reading Meter reading Date of reading Meter reading Project co-financé par le Fonds Européen de Développement Régional - FEDER

13 Heat Space heating and DHW in the pilot buildings is generated through a central oil boiler in each building. There is no heat metering on the centralised space heating and hot water system for each building. The consumption of fuel oil, is monitored through recording the quantity of oil purchased in total, for the 5 pilot buildings plus 2 nearby buildings on campus (restaurant, amphitheatre). Both the quantities (in litres) and corresponding costs (Euros) are recorded and these records were available for years Therefore there is no historic data available for the fuel oil (heat) delivered specifically to the 5 pilot Student residence buildings. However, from the data that is available for the total oil fuel purchased for the 7 buildings, and using an approximate calculation (described in section 3.3) an estimate has been made of the monthly and annual heat consumption of each of the pilot buildings for the years A sample fuel oil register sheet is in the format below. The full set of registers for the years is included in Appendix 2. Quantity (lt) Cost ( ) Date Project co-financé par le Fonds Européen de Développement Régional - FEDER

14 3.3 Processing of available historical data After all available data was obtained by the DUTH Technical Services and the Student residences building manager, the data was processed in order to tabulate the historical monthly / annual consumption figures for heat and electricity. The methodology followed can be summarised as follows: Electricity From the PPC monthly meter reading records, using the difference between consecutive readings, the monthly and annual consumption in kwh and corresponding costs have been calculated for years 2010, 2011, 2012, shown on the table below. As already mentioned, these figures do not refer to the 5 pilot buildings specifically, but to the whole University campus including over 15 buildings. HISTORICAL ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION FOR WHOLE UNIVERSITY CAMPUS Year Billing date Consumption period Monthly electricity consumption Monthly electricity cost Annual electricity consumption Annual electricity cost kwh EUR kwh EUR 18/01/10 Jan/ ,000 42,479 3,742, ,164 18/02/10 Feb/ ,000 64,766 18/03/10 Mar/ ,000 52,977 18/04/10 Apr/ ,000 41,571 18/05/10 May/ ,000 38,993 18/06/10 Jun/ ,000 46,057 18/07/10 Jul/ ,000 49,988 18/08/10 Aug/ ,000 39,890 18/09/10 Sep/ ,000 46,398 18/10/10 Oct/ ,000 40,430 18/11/10 Nov/ ,000 45,528 29/12/10 Dec/ ,000 59,086 01/02/11 Jan/ ,000 51,443 3,604, ,663 01/03/11 Feb/ ,000 45,977 01/04/11 Mar/ ,000 48,740 01/05/11 Apr/ ,000 28,843 01/06/11 May/ ,000 27,817 01/07/11 Jun/ ,000 33,738 01/08/11 Jul/ ,000 29,303 01/09/11 Aug/ ,000 19,203 01/10/11 Sep/ ,000 30,056 01/11/11 Oct/ ,000 36,462 01/12/11 Nov/ ,000 45,612 01/01/12 Dec/ ,000 39,468 01/02/12 Jan/ ,000 52,938 3,440, ,387 01/04/12 Feb/2012-Mar/ , ,490 01/05/12 Apr/ ,000 34,082 01/06/12 May/ ,000 34,913 01/07/12 Jun/ ,000 35,974 01/08/12 Jul/ ,000 29,868 01/09/12 Aug/ ,000 22,533 01/10/12 Sep/ ,000 26,857 01/11/12 Oct/ ,000 30,809 01/12/12 Nov/ ,000 42,441 01/01/13 Dec/ ,000 45,481 Project co-financé par le Fonds Européen de Développement Régional - FEDER

15 Heat From the available data on the total oil fuel purchased for the 5 pilot buildings plus 2 nearby buildings on campus (restaurant, amphitheatre), an approximate calculation has been made in order to estimate the monthly and annual heat consumption of each of the pilot buildings for the years The calculation can be summarised as follows: The total annual quantity (lt) of purchased oil to serve the 7 buildings, was proportioned to each building, based on a combination of the following factors: - The known installed heating system capacity (kcal/h) for each of the 7 buildings - The estimated operation time of the heating system during the year, for each of the buildings depending on their use (and based on information given by the buildings' manager) After obtaining the total annual quantity (lt) of estimated oil consumption for each of the buildings, this was further proportioned down to monthly consumption, using available heating degree-days information for each month of the heating season for the climate of Komotini. Finally, the monthly quantity of oil (lt) consumed for each building was converted into kwh of delivered thermal energy, based on the net calorific value of oil as per the Greek energy regulations. The results of the above calculation are presented in the table that follows. Project co-financé par le Fonds Européen de Développement Régional - FEDER

16 Year Consumption period Building S1 Monthly heat consumption Monthly heat cost Building S2 Monthly heat consumption Monthly heat cost Building S3 Monthly heat consumption Monthly heat cost Monthly heat consumption Building S4 Monthly heat cost Monthly consum kwh EUR kwh EUR kwh EUR kwh EUR kwh Ιαν/ Φεβ/ Μαρ/ Απρ/ Οκτ/ Νοε/ Δεκ/ Total Ιαν/ Φεβ/ Μαρ/ Απρ/ Οκτ/ Νοε/ Δεκ/ Total Ιαν/ Φεβ/ Μαρ/ Απρ/ Οκτ/ Νοε/ Δεκ/ Total Ιαν/ Φεβ/ Μαρ/ Απρ/ Οκτ/ Νοε/ Δεκ/ Total Ιαν/ Φεβ/ Μαρ/ Απρ/ Οκτ/ Νοε/ Δεκ/ Total Project co-financé par le Fonds Européen de Développement Régional - FEDER

17 APPENDIX 1 HISTORICAL PPC MONTHLY ELECTRICITY RECORDS FOR DUTH CAMPUS ( ) Project co-financé par le Fonds Européen de Développement Régional - FEDER

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44 APPENDIX 2 HISTORICAL FUEL OIL REGISTERS FOR 7 BUILDINGS ON SITE ( ) (5 PILOT BUILDINGS + RESTAURANT + AMPHITHEATRE) Project co-financé par le Fonds Européen de Développement Régional - FEDER

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53 Project co-financé par le Fonds Européen de Développement Régional - FEDER