California Building Code

Transcription

1 Height and Area Provisions in the California Building Code Dennis Richardson, P.E., C.B.O., CASp Western Coast Manager American Wood Council The Wood Products Council is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES), Provider #G516. Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-aia members are available upon request. This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. 1

2 Copyright Materials This presentation is protected by US and International ti Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of AWC is prohibited. American Wood Council 2014 Course Description This presentation will provide an overview of height and area provisions found in the 2013 California Building Code (CBC) including State Fire Marshal (SFM) amendments. Intended for engineers, architects and building officials who want to better understand the opportunities for wood in a variety of building types, it will include an overview of the publication, Code Conforming Wood Design (CCWD), published by the American Wood Council and used to quickly compute allowable heights and areas for B, F, S, and M occupancy group buildings. Discussion will also include a review of 2013 CBC SFM amendments and their effect on common occupancy groups, relevant changes to the 2015 International Building Code, and the process leading to the upcoming 2016 CBC. Participants may download a complimentary copy of the CCWD 2

3 Objectives Upon completion, participants will be better able to: 1. 1 Identify building size and use parameters for wood-framed d for a variety of building types. 2. Determine how to use the American Wood Council and ICC publication, Code Conforming Wood Design (CCWD), to quickly compute allowable heights and areas for B, F, S and M occupancy groups. 3. Apply State Fire Marshal amendments to height and area provisions for wood buildings. 4. Discuss the new 2015 International Building Code changes and their effect on wood construction along with the process leading up to the 2016 California Building Code CBC, 2012 CCWD, and 2013 CBC 3

4 CCWD Document (non-sfm occ.) This first part of this program is based on the Code Conforming Wood Design (CCWD) document as it applies to B, F-1, F-2, S-1, S-2, and M occupancy groups. The CCWD is intended as a brief yet comprehensive resource for wood design in accordance with the IBC. California State Fire Marshal amendments affect the accuracy of the height and area provisions in the CCWD document for A, E, I, and R occupancy groups. California CCWD Classifications Group A, Assembly occupancies * Group B, Business occupancies * Group E, Educational occupancies * Group F, Factory/Industrial occupancies * Group I, Institutional occupancies * Group M, Mercantile occupancies * Group R, Residential occupancies * Group S, Storage occupancies * * (see next slide for explaination) Don t use the CCWD tables for I occupancy groups in CA, check footnotes and CBC section 903 sprinkler thresholds. 4

5 California SFM CCWD Limitations: * Use of CCWD tables in CA, always note: CCWD tables only work explicitly for groups B, F, M and S occupancy groups since the height and area provisions contain no SFM amendments. Always double check state and local codes for amendments to Table 503 and Section 903 sprinkler thresholds. * For A or E occupancy group buildings; use CCWD tables: only with one story row (if table 503 permits 1 story); and only with the one or two story row as applicable (if table 503 permits 2 stories or more). Otherwise use the CBC (see CBC 504.2, 506.3, 506.4, and 506.5). * For R-2 occupancy buildings; no height, story or area increase is allowed for NFPA 13R sprinklers. Only use CCWD tables for type VA column with NFPA 13 sprinklers with the one or two story row as applicable. SFM Height and Area Amendments 504.2: 5

6 SFM Height and Area Amendments 504.2: SFM Height and Area Amendments 506.3: 6

7 SFM Height and Area Amendments 506.3: SFM Height and Area Amendments

8 SFM Height and Area Amendments SFM Height and Area Amendments

9 SFM Height and Area Amendments : Single Occupancy BUILDING SIZE p of the CCWD 9

10 Table 503 IBC Excerpt, Allowable Building Heights and Areas (Page 8 CCWD) Group A-2 B E M R-1 R-2 S-1 Height (ft) Type of Construction Type III Type IV Type V A 65 B 55 HT 65 A 50 B 40 Stories (S) Area (A) S A 14,000 9,500 15,000 11,500 6,000 S A 28,500 19,000 36,000 18,000 9,000 S A 23,500 14,500 25,500 18,500 9,500 S A 18,500 12,500 20,500 14,000 9,000 S A 24,000 16,000 20,500 12,000 7,000 S A 24,000 16,000 20,000 12,000 7,000 S A 26,000 17,500 25,500 14,000 9,000 Allowable Area Basics (2012 IBC) A a = {A t + [A t x I f ] + [A t x I s ]} (Equation 5-1) A t = tabular building area per story (Table 503) I f = (F / P 0.25) x W / 30 (Equation 5-2) F = frontage on public way 20 yard P = perimeter of building W = width of open space value of I f ranges from 0 to.75 (for wide open sites, note max of depending on frontage and yards I f = 1.5 in exception to ) I s = 3 for single story building with (Section 506.3) NFPA 13 sprinklers throughout and I s = 2 for multi-story building with NFPA 13 sprinklers throughout 10

11 Allowable Area Basics (2012 IBC) # of stories single story building story of multi story building % Frontage NS (no NFPA 13 throughout) max area per story S(NFPA 13 throughout) max area per story 0-25 A t + 0 A t + 0 A t = A t + 0 A t + 3 A t = 1.0 A t 4.0 A t 50 A t +.25 A t + 0 A t = A t +.25 A t + 3 A t = 1.25 A t 4.25 A t 100 A t +.75 A t + 0 A t = A t +.75 A t + 3 A t = 1.75 A t 4.75 A t 0-25 A t + 0 A t + 0 A t = A t + 0 A t + 3 A t = 1.0 A t 3.0 A t 50 A t +.25 A t + 0 A t = A t +.25 A t + 3 A t = 1.25 A t 3.25 A t 100 A t +.75 A t + 0 A t = A t +.75 A t + 3 A t = 1.75 A t 3.75 A t Allowable Area Example (2012 IBC) A a = {A t + [A t x I f ] + [A t x I s ]} (Equation 5-1) A t = tabular building area per story (Table 503) I f = (F / P 0.25) x W / 30 (Equation 5-2) F = frontage on public way 20 yard P = perimeter of building W = width of open space value of I f ranges from 0 to.75 (for wide open sites, note max of depending on frontage and yards I f = 1.5 in exception to ) I s = 3 for single story building with (Section 506.3) NFPA 13 sprinklers throughout and I s = 2 for multi-story building with NFPA 13 sprinklers throughout 11

12 Allowable Building Area Example Given: Single-story Type VB mercantile Provided with an NFPA 13-compliant automatic sprinkler sstemthoghotand system throughout located on lot as shown. Determine: Maximum allowable building area: M occupancy Maximum Allowable Area A a = {A t + [A t x I f ] + [A t x I s ]} (Equation 5-1) M occupancy

13 Table 503 IBC Excerpt, Allowable Building Heights and Areas (Page 8 CCWD) Group A-3 B E M R-1 R-2 S-1 Height (ft) Type of Construction Type III Type IV Type V A 65 B 55 HT 65 A 50 B 40 Stories (S) Area (A) S A 14,000 9,500 15,000 11,500 6,000 S A 28,500 19,000 36,000 18,000 9,000 S A 23,500 14,500 25,500 18,500 9,500 S A 18,500 12,500 20,500 14,000 9,000 S A 24,000 16,000 20,500 12,000 7,000 S A 24,000 16,000 20,000 12,000 7,000 S A 26,000 17,500 25,500 14,000 9,000 Maximum Allowable Area A a = {A t + [A t x I f ] + [A t x I s ]} (Equation 5-1) A a = { [9000 x I f ] + [9000 x I s ]} (Table 503) M occupancy

14 Maximum Allowable Area A a = {A t + [A t x I f ] + [A t x I s ]} (Equation 5-1) A a = { [9000 x I f ] + [9000 x I s ]} (Table 503) I f = (F / P 0.25) x W / 30 (Equation 5-2) I f = (350/ ) x 30/30 =.25 (where W > 30, use 30) M occupancy Maximum Allowable Area A a = {A t + [A t x I f ] + [A t x I s ]} (Equation 5-1) A a = { [9000 x I f ] + [9000 x I s ]} (Table 503) I f = (F / P 0.25) x W / 30 (Equation 5-2) I f = (350/ ) x 30/30 =.25 (where W > 30, use 30) I s = 3 for single story (Section 506.3) M occupancy

15 Maximum Allowable Area A a = {A t + [A t x I f ] + [A t x I s ]} (Equation 5-1) A a = { [9000 x I f ] + [9000 x I s ]} (Table 503) I f = (F / P 0.25) x W / 30 (Equation 5-2) I f = (350/ ) x 30/30 =.25 (where W > 30, use 30) I s = 3 for single story (Section 506.3) A a = { [9000 x.25] + [9000 x 3]} A a = 4.25 x 9000 = 38,250 M occupancy Maximum Allowable Area A a = {A t + [A t x I f ] + [A t x I s ]} (Equation 5-1) A a = { [9000 x I f ] + [9000 x I s ]} (Table 503) I f = (F / P 0.25) x W / 30 (Equation 5-2) I f = (350/ ) x 30/30 =.25 (where W > 30, use 30) I s = 3 for single story (Section 506.3) A a = { [9000 x.25] + [9000 x 3]} A a = 4.25 x 9000 = 38,250 Actual area = (250)(100) = 25,000 OK M occupancy

16 CCWD Table 13: Group M NFPA 13 Compliant Sprinklered Buildings Maximum floor area per story a, b, c, d # of % Maximum floor area per floor (sq. ft.) stories frontage IIIA IIIB IV VA VB ,000 50,000 82,000 56,000 36, ,620 53,120 87,120 59,500 38, ,870 59,370 97,370 66,500 42, (60 ) d UL UL UL UL UL ,500 37,500 61,500 42,000 27, ,120 40,620 66,620 45,500 29, ,370 46,870 76,870 52,500 33, (60 ) d UL UL UL UL UL ,500 37,500 61,500 42,000 NP ,120 40,620 66,620 45,500 NP ,370 46,870 76,870 52,500 NP (table continued on next slide) CCWD Table 13: Group M NFPA 13 Compliant Sprinklered Buildings Maximum floor area per story a, b, c, d (cont.) # of stories 4 5 % Maximum floor area per floor (sq. ft.) frontage IIIA IIIB IV VA VB ,620 NP 46,120 31,500 NP 50 45,090 NP 49,960 34,120 NP ,030 NP 57,650 39,370 NP ,300 NP 36,900 NP NP 50 36,070 NP 39,970 NP NP ,620 NP 46,120 NP NP Th i fl f f t i b d l a. The maximum floor area for four or more stories above grade plane was determined by dividing the maximum total allowable building area by the number of stories in accordance with Section The floor area of the stories is assumed to be equal. b. Frontage based on open space widths of 30 feet or more. c. Interpolation permitted. d. Sprinklered Group M buildings of one or two stories may be unlimited in area if the frontage width is at least 60 feet in accordance with Sections and

17 W vs. Fire Separation Distance Bldg. 1 t line imaginary lot W FSD Bldg. 2 W vs. Fire Separation Distance lot line W Bldg. 1 FSD Bldg. 2 FSD centerline of public way W 17

18 Open Space Limits CCWD About height limits... 18

19 Table 503 Excerpt, Allowable Building Heights and Areas Group A-1 A-2 A-3 A-4 A-5 B E Height (ft) Type of Construction Type III Type IV Type V A 65 B 55 HT 65 A 50 B 40 Stories (S) Area (A) S A 14,000 8,500 15,000 11,500 5,500 S A 14,000 9,500 15,000 11,500 6,000 S A 14,000 9,500 15,000 11,500 6,000 S A 14,000 9,500 15,000 11,500 6,000 S UL UL UL UL UL A UL UL UL UL UL S A 28,500 19,000 36,000 18,000 9,000 S A 23,500 14,500 25,500 18,500 9,500 Height Increases for Sprinklers Table 503 allows a height of 50 feet and three stories for a type VA (one hour) building with group B occupancy (office). Table 503 limit 19

20 Height Increases for Sprinklers (CBC 504.2) Increase in height / story is in addition to any increase in CBC and for non-sfm regulated occupancies: B, F, M, and S. + 1 story and 20 ft. Table 503 limit Increase in height / story is in addition to any increase in CBC but not for SFM regulated occupancies: A, E, H, I, L and R. Height Increases for Sprinklers (CBC 504.2) 20

21 Height Increases for Sprinklers (CBC 506.3) CCWD About Chapter 9 sprinkler thresholds... 21

22 Chapter 9 Area Limits for Nonsprinklered Buildings Many occupancies have floor area limits allowed by Chapter 5 that are greater than those permitted in Chapter 9 for nonsprinklered buildings The same thresholds apply to all construction types, not just wood. The allowable area per story can exceed allowable fire areas and a sprinkler system may be required or additional fire barriers may need to be added as required by Section Tables in the CCWD for nonsprinklered buildings each have a footnote referring to the applicable portion of Section 903. Allowable Building Area Example Given: Single-story Type VB mercantile This time the building is not provided with a sprinkler system. Will this building be code compliant if a firewall is installed? M occupancy both sides

23 CCWD Table 12: Group M Nonsprinklered Buildings Maximum floor area per story a, b, c, d Allowable Building Area Example Given: Single-story Type VB mercantile This time the building is not provided with a sprinkler system. Will this building be code compliant if a firewall is installed? M occupancy both sides ,500 > 12,500 > 9000 sf 11,250 sf both 11,250 and 9000 < 12,500 N.G. 23

24 Allowable Building Area Example Given: This time, Let s try a type VA building: Still the building is not provided with a sprinkler system. Will this building be code compliant if a firewall is installed? M occupancy both sides CCWD Table 12: Group M Nonsprinklered Buildings Maximum floor area per story a, b, c, d 24

25 Allowable Building Area Example Given: This time, Let s try a type VA building: Still the building is not provided with a sprinkler system. Will this building be code compliant if a firewall is installed? M occupancy both sides ,500 < 12,500 < 14,000 sf 17,500 sf According to IBC 706.4, this works with a 3 hour fire wall. Fire Walls 25

26 CCWD Table 12: Group M Nonsprinklered Buildings Maximum floor area per story a, b, c, d Chapter 9 Area Limits for Nonsprinklered Buildings in the 2012 IBC 26

27 Allowable Building Area Example Given: This time, Let s try a type VA building: Still the building is not provided with a sprinkler system. Will this building work if a 3 hr firewall is installed? M occupancy 12,000 < 3,000 sf 100 both sides 14,000 sf 10,000 sf Addition of a 2 hr fire barrier per IBC is required. Fire Barriers, Fire Areas 27

28 Chapter 9 Area Limits for Nonsprinklered Buildings in the 2012 IBC Allowable Building Area Example Given: This time, Let s try a type VA building: Still the building is not provided with a sprinkler system. A 4 hour fire wall w/ no openings per SFM, CBC M occupancy 12,000 < 3,000 sf 100 both sides 14,000 sf 10,000 sf Addition of a 2 hr fire barrier per IBC is required. 28

29 California SFM CCWD Limitations: * Use of CCWD tables in CA, always note: Note that CCWD tables only work explicitly for groups B, F, M and S occupancy groups since the height and area provisions contain no SFM amendments. Always double check state and local codes for amendments to Table 503 and Section 903 sprinkler thresholds. Sprinkler Trade-offs (check CBC) Reductions in corridor ratings and corridor opening protection Flexibility in means of egress (travel distance to exits, number and separation of exits, common path of travel) Reductions in dwelling unit separations Interior finish flexibility 29

30 CCWD About total building area limits... Multi-story Building Area: A-1 multi-theater, Type IIIA const with an NFPA 13 sprinkler system throughout, 50% frontage: From CCWD, Table 2: The maximum size of a one story building would be 59,500 sq ft. The maximum size of a single story of a multistory building would be 45,500 sq ft. 45,500 59,500 45,500 One Story Building Multi - Story Building 30

31 Multi-story Building Comparison: A-1 multi-theater, Type IIIA const with an NFPA 13 sprinkler system throughout, 50% frontage: For a one story and two story building, the size would be the same based on the IBC found in the CCWD or the CBC with SFM amendments. Both can be found in CCWD table 2. None of the SFM amendments apply to Type IIIA at this height /story. 45,500 59,500 45,500 One Story Building Multi - Story Building Multi-story Building Comparison: A-1 multi-theater, Type IIIA const with an NFPA 13 sprinkler system throughout, 50% frontage: For a three story building, SFM amendment to Section kicks in. total building area = (3)(45,500) 500) = 136,500; 136,500/4 = 34,125 per story 45,500 45,500 45,500 45,500 30,330 45,500 30,330 45,500 30,330 total building area = (2)(45,500) = 91,000; 91,000/3 = 30,330 per story 3 Story CCWD, 2012 IBC 3 Story 2013 CBC 31

32 Multi-story Building Comparison: A-1 multi-theater, Type IIIA const with an NFPA 13 sprinkler system throughout, 50% frontage: For a 4 story building, SFM amendments to Sections 504.2, and all kick in: total building area = (3)(45,500) 500) = 136,500; 136,500/4 = 34,125 per story max floor area = 45,500 45,500 34,125 45,500 34,125 45,500 34,125 45,500 34,125 8,750 8,750 8,750 8,750 4 Story CCWD, 2012 IBC 4 Story 2013 CBC CBC Area Summary: 35,000 / 136,500 = 25.6% of IBC Area total building area = (2)(1.25)(14,000) = 35,000; 35,000/4 = 8,750 per story max floor area = (1.25)(14,000) = 17,500 Multi-story Building Comparison: A-1 multi-theater, Type IIIA const with an NFPA 13 sprinkler system throughout, 50% frontage: total building area under the CBC = (2)(1.25)(14,000) = 35,000 A a = {A t + [A t x I f ] + [A t x I s ]} (Equation 5-1) A t +.25 A t + 0 A t = 1.25 A t 32

33 Multi-story Building Comparison: A-1 multi-theater, Type IIIA const with an NFPA 13 sprinkler system throughout, 50% frontage: For a 4 story building, SFM amendments to Sections 504.2, and all kick in: 30,330 5,830 remaining floors= 2 (45,500)/3 = 30,330 per story 30,330 30,330 5,830 5,830 remaining floors= (1.25)(14,000)/3 = 5,830 per story max floor area = 45,500 45,500 17,500 max floor area = (1.25)(14,000) = 17,500 4 Story CCWD, 2012 IBC 4 Story 2013 CBC CCWD Mixed occupancy buildings... 33

34 Non- Separated Occupancy Example Given: Single-story Type VB mercantile and bar This time the building is provided with an NFPA 13 sprinkler system. Will this building meet code if with no separation? M and A-2 Occupancy ,000 M occ 170 8,000 A2 occ See for Non-Separated Occupancies Non- Separated Occupancy Example CCWD Table 2 Group A, NFPA ,000 M occ 170 8,000 A2 occ ,500 > 25,000 One story VB w/nfpa 13, no separation 34

35 Non- Separated Occupancy Example what if the same VB NFPA 13 sprinklered building is now the first story of a two story building? A-2 will not work as a non separated occupancy: From CCWD Table 2, 19,500 < 25,000 Try to make a separated occupancy work From CCWD Tables 13 and 2: ,000 M occ 170 8,000 A2 occ ,000/29, ,000/19,500 = =.991 < 1.0 Separated Occupancy Example CCWD Table 2 Group A, NFPA hour separation req d per Table between A and M 35

36 CCWD Table 13: Group M NFPA 13 Compliant Sprinklered Buildings Maximum floor area per story a, b, c, d # of % Maximum floor area per floor (sq. ft.) stories frontage IIIA IIIB IV VA VB ,000 50,000 82,000 56,000 36, ,620 53,120 87,120 59,500 38, ,870 59,370 97,370 66,500 42, (60 ) d UL UL UL UL UL ,500 37,500 61,500 42,000 27, ,120 40,620 66,620 45,500 29, ,370 46,870 76,870 52,500 33, (60 ) d UL UL UL UL UL ,500 37,500 61,500 42,000 NP ,120 40,620 66,620 45,500 NP ,370 46,870 76,870 52,500 NP (table continued on next slide) Separated Occupancy Example

37 Separated Occupancy Example Separated Occupancy Example M occ No Sep, NG M occ A2 occ M occ 1 Hr. Horiz M occ M occ M occ A2 occ 1Hr.Barrier 1 Hr. Horiz A2 occ 1 Hr. Barrier 37

38 Example Group R-2 with NFPA 13 R Given: Three-story Type VB NFPA 13-R compliant sprinklered apartment house. Determine: Maximum allowable building area Assume a frontage Increase : 75 % of the open space qualifies with W = 30 feet. Example Group R-2 with NFPA 13 R Given: Three-story Type VB NFPA 13-R compliant sprinklered apartment house. Determine: Maximum allowable building area Assume a frontage Increase : 75 % of the open space qualifies with W = 30 feet. Will not work, See SFM amendment to CBC Section

39 Example Group R-2 with NFPA 13 R Example Group R-2 with NFPA 13 R Given: Three-story Type VB NFPA 13-R compliant sprinklered apartment house. Determine: Maximum allowable building area Assume a frontage Increase : 50 % of the open space qualifies for the using 75% frontage with W = 30 feet. Will not work, See SFM amendment to CBC Section Must go to VA with NPFA 13R construction; or VB with NFPA 13 sprinkler system (or VA with NFPA 13 sprinkler system). 39

40 Example Group R-2 with NFPA 13 R Example Group R-2 with NFPA 13 Given: Three-story Type VB NFPA 13 compliant sprinklered apartment house. Determine: Maximum allowable building area Assume a frontage Increase : 75 % of the open space qualifies with W = 30 feet. 40

41 Example Group R-2 with NFPA 13 Given: Three-story Type VB NFPA 13 compliant sprinklered apartment house. Determine: Maximum allowable building area Assume a frontage Increase : 75 % of the open space qualifies with W = 30 feet. Since an increase of one story is required from table 503, then I s = 0, (CBC and 506.3), CCWD table 16 NG Example Group R-2 with NFPA 13 Given: Three-story Type VB NFPA 13 compliant sprinklered apartment house. Determine: Maximum allowable building area Assume a frontage Increase : 75 % of the open space qualifies with W = 30 feet. Since an increase of one story is required from table 503, then I s = 0, (CBC and 506.3), CCWD table 16 NG From IBC, Eq 5-1 A a = 7000 sf + (7000 sf) [ ] 30/30 Aa = 10,500 sf 41

42 Example Group R-2 with NFPA 13 Given: Three-story Type VB NFPA 13 compliant sprinklered apartment house. Determine: Maximum allowable building area Assume a frontage Increase : 75 % of the open space qualifies with W = 30 feet. Since an increase of one story is required from table 503, then I s = 0, (CBC and 506.3), CCWD table 16 NG From IBC, Eq 5-1 A a = 7000 sf + (7000 sf) [ ] 30/30 Aa = 10,500 sf Total Building 2(10,500)= 21,000 sf (CBC ) Example Group R-2 with NFPA 13 Given: Three-story Type VB NFPA 13 compliant sprinklered apartment house. Determine: Maximum allowable building area Assume a frontage Increase : 75 % of the open space qualifies with W = 30 feet. Since an increase of one story is required from table 503, then I s = 0, (CBC and 506.3), CCWD table 16 NG From IBC, Eq 5-1 A a = 7000 sf + (7000 sf) [ ] 30/30 Aa = 10,500 sf Total Building 2(10,500)= 21,000 sf (CBC ) Each Story = 21,000 / 3 = 7000 sf. 42

43 Example Group R-2: VA with NFPA 13 Given: Four-story Type VA NFPA 13 compliant sprinklered apartment house. Determine: Maximum allowable building area Assume a frontage Increase : 75 % of the open space qualifies with W = 30 feet. Example Group R-2: VA with NFPA 13 Given: Four-story Type VA NFPA 13 compliant sprinklered apartment house. Determine: Maximum allowable building area Assume a frontage Increase : 75 % of the open space qualifies with W = 30 feet. From CCWD Table 16, for a 2 story building the maximum story area is interpolated between the value for 50% and 100% frontage = (39,000+45,000)/2 = 42,000 sf 43

44 Example Group R-2: VA with NFPA 13 Example Group R-2: VA with NFPA 13 Given: Four-story Type VA NFPA 13 compliant sprinklered apartment house. Determine: Maximum allowable building area Assume a frontage Increase : 75 % of the open space qualifies with W = 30 feet. From CCWD Table 16, for a 2 story building the maximum story area is interpolated between the value for 50% and 100% frontage = (39,000+45,000)/2 = 42,000 sf Total building: 2 x 42,000 sf = 84,000 sf (CBC ) 44

45 Example Group R-2: VA with NFPA 13 Given: Four-story Type VA NFPA 13 compliant sprinklered apartment house. Determine: Maximum allowable building area Assume a frontage Increase : 75 % of the open space qualifies with W = 30 feet. From CCWD Table 16, for a 2 story building the maximum story area is interpolated between the value for 50% and 100% frontage = (39,000+45,000)/2 = 42,000 sf Total building: 2 x 42,000 sf = 84,000 sf (CBC ) 4 stories are ok as CBC and allows an increase in both height, story and area when R-2 of Type VA is equipped throughout with an NFPA 13 sprinkler system. Example Group R-2: VA with NFPA 13 45

46 CCWD About mixed occupancies... Mixed Occupancy, Non-separated, Non-separated mixed occupancy buildings are permitted with a total allowable building area, height and stories calculated based on the most restrictive allowance for occupancy groups. H, I and R must always be separated even in and Will these work? R occ requires a separation from R or other occupancies, see IBC, CBC Sections 420, 708 and 711 R R R B,M,A S NFPA 13 req d throughout for A on 4 th floor, I s = 0 B B A M M B 46

47 Mixed Occupancy, Separated, Mixed occupancy buildings are permitted a total allowable building area calculated in accordance with Sections and Will these work? B and M occupancy groups are not required to be separated even with separated occupancies. See table R R R B,M S A CBC is unclear if 2 or 3 applies to the sum of ratios in both of these buildings: (or somewhere in between 2 and 3?) B B A M M B Mixed Occupancy, and Mixed occupancy buildings are permitted to have a mixture of separated and non-separated occupancies in the same building and on individual floors. Allowable building area calculated in accordance with Sections 508.3, and on an separated portion and then floor by floor basis: Will these work? B, M and A (first floor), height and area of that (separated) portion is based on most restrictive occupancy group in the portion that is not separated. R R R B,M, A S Height limits for B based on 4 stories and A (separated) based on 2 stories. Still unclear if 2 or 3 applies to the sum of the ratios. B B A M M B 47

48 STACKED BUILDINGS p of the CCWD Stacked Buildings Buildings of different types of construction and occupancy are allowed to be built on top of each other--they are commonly referred to as pedestal buildings 48

49 Building Height, Building Height in feet Upper building height (feet) is measured from grade plane Building ud Height egt stories Upper building height (stories) measured from top of lower building Fire Walls not required to extend beyond 3 hour separation. Other type of Upper Upper Construction Building Building Upper building Height Stories 4 floors 2 thru 5 stories Grade Plane Type I 3 hour Lower building Evolution of Building Codes, Upper Building Height 12 ft per story, 5 stories 12 x 5 = 60 Grade ft Plane Business Occupancy floors 2 thru 5 Closed Parking Garage 1 st floor Upper Building Stories 4 stories 49

50 Stacked Buildings See other alternatives for stacked buildings in subsections through UNLIMITED AREA BUILDINGS p. 14 of the CCWD 50

51 One or Two-story - Sprinklered Unlimited area Group B, F, M and S Limits in Section Building must be equipped throughout with an NFPA 13-compliant automatic sprinkler system Must be surrounded on all sides by public ways or yards not less than 60 feet wide One-story - Sprinklered Group A-1 and A-2 occupancies are allowed in unlimited area mixed occupancy buildings containing Group B, F, M or S occupancies Limits in Section Type III or IV construction Occupancies are separated as required in Section All exit doors from Group A-1 and A-2 occupancies must discharge directly to the exterior of the building 51

52 One-story - Sprinklered Unlimited area Group A-3 buildings Limits in Section Type III or IV construction Building used for religious worship, community hall, dance hall, exhibition hall, gymnasium, lecture hall, indoor swimming pool or tennis court Unlimited area Group A-4 buildings Deleted in Section of CBC Not allowed in CA, One-story - Sprinklered Unlimited area Group E buildings Limits in Section Type IIIA or IV construction Each classroom must have two means of egress, with one means of egress a direct exit to the outside of the building Must be surrounded on all sides by public ways or yards not less than 60 feet wide 52

53 Reduced Open Space, IBC Applies to Sections 507.2, 507.3, 507.4, and only. Limited to 75% of the perimeter. The 60 foot wide required public ways or yards are permitted to be reduced to 40 feet provided the exterior wall and all openings on those portions will require 3-hour minimum fire-resistance and fire protection ratings. 3-hr fire rating required on walls and all openings 65 ft 100 ft 70 ft 450 ft 450 ft 100 ft 40ft 45 ft FIRE RESISTANCE p of the CCWD 53

54 Calculated Resistance Fire resistance of exposed wood members may be calculated using the provisions of Chapter 16 of the National Design Specification (NDS ) Calculated Resistance AWC s Technical Report No. 10 (TR10), Calculating the Fire Resistance of Exposed Wood Members contains explanations and examples of the method AWC publication TR-10 is available for free download on our website: 54

55 p. 5-6 oftheccwd TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION Type V Construction Permits the use of wood or other approved materials for structural elements 55

56 Type IV Construction Heavy Timber (HT) has Exterior walls made of noncombustible materials or fire-retardanttreated wood (FRTW) Interior building elements of heavy timber or laminated wood meeting minimum dimensions and without concealed spaces Type III Construction Requires exterior walls to be noncombustible material or FRTW and have a minimum 2-hour fire-resistance rating (bearing walls) 56

57 Type I and II Construction Type I and II construction require building elements constructed of noncombustible materials Type I Building Type I Building p of the CCWD WOOD USE IN NONCOMBUSTIBLE CONSTRUCTION 57

58 Type I and II Applications Require the use of noncombustible materials Section 603 specifies 25 applications where combustible materials are permitted Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood (FRTW) There are many additional applications for fire-retardant-treated wood (FRTW) in Type I and II construction Permitted in nonbearing gpartitions where the fire-resistance rating does not exceed 2 hours Nonbearing exterior walls (unrated) Roof construction, including structural framework, permits FRTW, except for Type IA construction of three stories or more where the lowest roof member is less than 20 feet measured vertically from the upper floor (can be used in exterior walls of Types III and IV) 58

59 Heavy Timber (HT) Permitted in roof construction as an alternative to 1-hour or less fireresistance rated (FRR) noncombustible construction Type I and II Applications Some other examples: Interior finishes, millwork, trim, flooring, windows, and doors Partitions of limited height, platforms, blocking for fixtures Exterior wall coverings, balconies and projections 59

60 WOOD FEATURES IN BUILDINGS p of the CCWD Exterior Wood Veneer (1405.5) Type I, II, III or IV allowed up to 40 feet above grade 60 feet if FRTW allowed up to 40 feet above grade, 60 feet if FRTW, provided the veneer is 1-inch nominal thickness, 7/16 - inch exterior hardboard siding or 3/8-inch exterior-type wood structural panels or particleboard. 60

61 Wood Balconies (1406.3) Exterior balconies may be of Type IV construction or construction that provides a fire-resistance rating equal to the floor rating required by Table 601 Length is limited to 50% of perimeter, each floor See exceptions for sprinkler-protected balconies PRECAUTIONS DURING CONSTRUCTION p of the CCWD 61

62 Wood Frame Construction Fires Large light frame buildings are at their most vulnerable point during construction before fire resistive finishes and sprinklers are in place Some Causes of Construction Fires Hot Works Smoking Cooking Brazing Welding Grinding Roofing Arson Security Fencing 62

63 Requirements of the IFC Chapter 33 Additional requirements for fire safety during construction are contained in the IFC. Temporary heating equipment must be listed and labeled. Smoking is prohibited except in approved areas with posted signage. A fire watch must be maintained with qualified personnel if required by the fire code official. Construction Fire Study AWC is partnering with ICC and other organizations to develop and implement a project on Construction Fire Prevention Literature Review and fire study to develop recommended Best Practices Guide Produce a Model Construction Site Fire Safety Program Video and information for builders and developers Produce a Model Construction Site Fire Safety Inspection Program and Video for code officials Develop a 50 Minute Slide Presentation for design professionals 63

64 AWC Standards Referenced in the IBC Coming in the 2015 IBC Reformatted height and area provisions Provisions for Cross Laminated Timber New engineered wood rim board standard 64

65 Coming in the 2015 IBC Reformatted height and area provisions: Coming in the 2015 IBC Reformatted height and area provisions: 65

66 Coming in the 2015 IBC Reformatted height and area provisions: Coming in 2015 IBC Inclusion of Cross Laminated Timber in Type IV construction type (and reference of ANSI/APA PRG ) 2012) 66

67 Coming in 2015 IBC CLT Handbook now available Free download d Questions? This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course Dennis Richardson, P.E., C.B.O., CASp American Wood Council DRichardson@awc.org 67