PROJECT REPORT. Submitted To : Submitted by. Deputy Director Revenue Officer Training Institute

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1 PROJECT REPORT TOPIC: DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HITECH SURVEY AND TRADITIONAL SURVEY HOW IS HI-TECH SURVEY BEING CONDUCTED. ROLE OF REVENUE OFFICIALS IN VERIFICATION, VALIDATION, AND PREPARATION OF ROR AND MAPS UNDER ODISHA SPECIAL SURVEY AND SETTLEMENT ACT & RULE 2012 Submitted To : Deputy Director Revenue Officer Training Institute Submitted by Sambit Sangramjeet Sahoo Addl Tahasildar, Morada,Mayurbhanj

2 Hitech Survey Hitech Survey is a process of survey through Modern Technology like Aerial Photography, High Resolution Satellite Imagery,Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS), Electronic Total Station (ETS). In Odisha it is carried out under Odisha Special Survey and Settlement Act and Rule Difference between Hitech Survey and Traditional Survey In traditional Procedure Survey were being made manually using Gunter chain, Plane Table method, Prismatic Compass and Theodolite. It was time consuming and more cost and man power required. Limitations of Traditional system of surveying Survey operations are not regular- gap between records and field reality Associated with human errors Out dated method- Low level of accuracy Areas above 10 degree slope can not be surveyed Time consuming- gap between measurement takenand final output Maps in paper form- difficulty in updation Reference point of land were subject to displacement. Through Hi-Tech Survey the map is prepared digitally with highest level of accuracy which can be preserved and updated digitally and Re-Survey is not required. The map is Co-ordinate based having latitude and Longitude of each point or location of the village which helps in post survey demarcation. This Survey Process is less Time Consuming, Cost effective, and map prepared through it is of high level accuracy. Land is the mainstay of all developmental activities. It is impossible to conceive development without land. Now, it is being widely regarded that efficiency in land management is one of the indices of developmental status in the State. In our society, ownership of land has an emotional and social value. In an agrarian economy like ours, it is treated as an instrument for economic growth.

3 Ownership of land not only provides socio- economic security but also invests its owner with certain privileges. In view of the above, survey, preparation and maintenance of record of rights are important facets of revenue administration particularly for odisha which is predominantly an agricultural economy. The survey and settlement operations are being carried out in the State by following conventional methods which are time consuming, cumbersome and exorbitantly expensive. The very purpose of survey and settlement is defeated if the operation takes a long time as changes in the ownership and status of land are a continuous process. In this electronic age, as the State embarks on e- Governance initiatives, it is necessary to revamp the survey and settlement system to keep pace with the time to provide service that are fair, efficient and transparent to the land owners of the State. The Govt. of India has launched a flagship programme called "National Land Records Modernization Programme" which inter alia provides for computerization of land records including mutation, digitization of maps, survey/re- survey using modern technology including aerial photography, computerization of registration and its integration with land records maintenance system, training and capacity building of concerned officials and functionaries. Keeping the above facts in view, the Odisha Special Survey and Settlement Act, 2012 has been enacted which provides for undertaking survey and settlement operations in the State by adopting modern technology to minimize the time span without compromising quality, transparency and grievance redressal. Instead of traditional methods like gunter chain, Plain Table or Thedolite Survey, modern technology is being adopted which includes Aerial photography, High Resolution Satellite Imagery, Differential Global Positioning System and Electronic Total System During the stage of preparation of preliminary record of rights, a team of persons shall be constituted to update and prepare basicrecord of rights with the assistance of licensed surveyors. The team of persons shall physically verify each plot of the concerned revenue village with the map and shall take in to account the ground realities, changes, transfers, subdivisions. partitions, hereditary devolution, exchanges and the like in matters of determining right, title and ownership of the land holdings.during the field verification, the team of persons shall identify and demarcate lands, government lands, lands treated as common property resources and record the same in

4 Preliminary Record of Rights. After preparation of preliminary record of rights land owner wise, claims and objections are invited from the land owners and interested persons and the same are disposed of within a maximum period of thirty working days of filing such claims and objections by an officer not below the rank of Tahasildar after following the prescribed procedure. The draft record of rights including map prepared and attested by the Tahasildar shall be published for a period of thirty days in the prescribed manner inviting claims and objections. The claims and objections shall be disposed of in a summary manner by an officer not below the rank of Addl. Sub- Collector within a maximum period of sixty days. In order to prepare the record of rights and map of a village correctly, the 'Recess' in introduced where the final checking of records, fair copying, comparing and arrangement of records alphabetically according to the names of land owners are carried out in the prescribed manner. There after record of rights of a revenue village are published finally under the hand and seal of the collector.any land owner or any person who has an interest in land may file claims and objections against the entries of the finally published record of rights including the map within three months from the date of final publication. The claim and objections so filed shall be heard and disposed of by an officer not below the rank of Addl. District Magistrate in the prescribed manner. The Act provides that every entry in the record of rights prepared and finally published shall be evidence of the matter referred to in such entry and shall be presumed to be correct unless it is proved by evidence to be incorrect. Presumption of correctness shall be attached to the later settlement entry till such presumption is dispelled or rebutted by convincing evidence and wherever there is conflict between the previous entry and latter entry, the latter entry must prevail. In order to ensure efficient, accurate and transparent delivery mechanism and conflict resolution in ownership of land, an inbuilt computerized and digital system of maintenance of record of rights including map is essential. To accomplish this task, adequate provisions are made under the Act for engagement of technically qualified persons (Licensed surveyors) on outsourcing basis to prepare maps to scale, update maps prepared in course of cadastral and revisional survey, prepare record of rights in post mapping stage, facilitate inter

5 connectivity among revenue offices etc.the Odisha Special Survey and Settlement Rules, 2012 provides elaborate procedure to carry out the purposes of the Act and also envisages to issue technical guidelines with regard to method of survey by modern technology, works to be done during different stages of survey and settlement operations, the manner of maintenance and making available the record of rights and map of a revenue village in digital form to interested persons and the technical aspects of work of the Licensed Surveyors. Advantages of re-survey using modern technologies Maximum use of machines-errors due to human factors in survey and map preparation are negated Availability of modern techniques which are more accurate, less time consuming and cost effective. Coordinate based ground control points- no fear of misplacement. Final output in digital form- further updation How is Hi-Tech Survey being conducted. Role of Revenue Officials in verification, validation, and preparation of RoR and maps under Odisha Special Survey and Settlement Act & Rule 2012 Methods used in Hi-Tech Survey These are of Three type Pure ground method using ETS & DGPS. Hybrid method using Aerial Photography and ground truthing by ETS & DGPS. Hybrid method using High Resolution Satellite Imagery and ground truthing by ETS & DGPS. STEPS FOR RESURVEY

6 1. Ground control point (gcp) establishment monumentation 2. Aerial photography or Tasking and acquisition of worldview stereo satellite data, digitization of existing cadastral maps and authenticated up-to-date record of rights (ror) 3. Orthoimage generation and ground validation 4. Georeferencing of cadastral map for village boundary and area confirmation 5. parcel vector generation from ortho-image 6. Field validation of image derived parcel vector 7. Obscured area survey 8. Vectorisation and integration of mutation data up to the date of survey notification 9. integration of field survey vector with image derived vector to 10.Generate the draft cadastral map 11.Finalisation of draft cadastral map Establishment of Ground Control Point Network Primary GCPs- 16 km x 16 km Secondary GCPs- 4 km x 4 km Tertiary GCPS- 1 km x 1 km Primary and Secondary GCPs have permanent value and hence need to be preserved.

Appointment of Vendor/ Agency The Director Land Record and Survey will appoint one or more vendor/agency having technical qualification of Survey and Preparatin of map and ROR.

In other case the aerial photographs need to be taken by low flying aircrafts loaded with GPS and high resolution camera.

7 Appointment of Vendor/ Agency The Director Land Record and Survey will appoint one or more vendor/agency having technical qualification of Survey and Preparatin of map and ROR. Acquisition of Stereo Satellite Data/ Aerial Photographs Satellite data need to be procured from National Remote Sensing Agency, Hyderabad. In other case the aerial photographs need to be taken by low flying aircrafts loaded with GPS and high resolution camera. Geo-referencing of Sabik Digital Cadastral Map and delineation of Village boundary on the ortho-image After completion of Geo-referencing, the Survey Team will delineate the Village Boundary on the ortho-image; adjust, if required, the boundary vector at, Edge Plots to ensure that it runs on the physical demarcation features and finalize the Village Boundary on the image. The area computed from the newly generated Village Boundary should be confirmed by the competent authority. FLOW CHART OF OPERATING OF ETS (ELECTRONICS TOTAL STATION) SETTING OF INSTRUMENT (LEVELING AND CENTERING)

8 POWER BUTTON ON GENERAL SURVEY INSTRUMENT ELECTRONIC LEVEL CENTRING THE DEGITAL LEVEL WITH FOOT SCREW FILE / JOB NEW JOB GIVEN JOB NAME ENTER MESURE STATION SETUP TEMPERATURE PRESSURE BY DEFULT INSTRUMENT POINT NAME (GIVEN POINT NAME) CODE (BASE) INSTRUMENT HEIGHT (GIVEN HEIGHT FROM STONE POINT TO + MARK OF THE INSTRUMENT) NORTHING - EASTING (ENTER N E OF THIS POINT) ELEVATION (GIVEN HEIGHT OF TH EPOINT FROM MEAN-SEA LEVEL ENTER BACK SIDE POINT NAME CODE (BACK) BACK SIDE HIEGHT (HEIGHT OF TH EPRIZM POLE) NORTHING-EASTING OF THE BACK STATION ENTER INTERSECT CROSS WIRE OF THE INSTRUMENT WITH CROSS WIRE OF THE PRIZM MEASURE STORE (A VOICE WILL COME STATION SETUP COMPLETED) MEASUREMENT OF PLOTS MEASURE / SURVEY MEASURE TOPO

9 POINT NAME (GIVEN POINT NAME OF CORNER OF THE PLOT) ENTER INTERSECT CROSS WIRE OF THE INSTRUMENT WITH CROSS WIRE OF THE PRIZM MEASURE STORE (A VOICE WILL COME OBSERVATION STORED) MEASURE STORE (A VOICE WILL COME OBSERVATION STORED) AND CONTINUE THIS PROCESS AS PER REQUIREMENT OF THE PLOT TO FIND THE CO-ORDINATE FAVORITE POINT MANAGER TO FIND THE DISTANCE COGO COMPUTE INVERSE FROM (GIVEN THE DISTANCE OF THE POINT WHICH REQUIRED ) TO (GIVEN THE DISTANCE OF THE POINT WHICH REQUIRED MAP AND AREA COGO AREA CALCULATION (THE MAP AND THE AREA WILL SHOW) TO CHANGE THE UNIT OF THE AREA ARROW MARK OPTION ACRE / HECTOR / SQ. MTR ETC. (REQUIRED UNIT WILL SHOW) SHUT DOWN THE INSTRUMENT EXIT SHUT DOWN GENERAL SURVEY YES CLOSE THE PAGE OK PUSH POWER BOTTON OPTION

10 SHUT DOWN Yes FLOW CHART OF OPERATING OF DGPS GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM ) (DIFFERENTIAL SETTING OF RECEIVER CUM ANTEENA WITH TRIPOD (LEVELING AND CENTERING) POWER BUTTON ON BOTH CONTROLLER AND RECEIVER SURVEY CONTROLLER CONFIGURATION CONTROLLER BLUETOOTH SELECT THE SL. NO OF ANTENA/ RECEIVER CONFIGURATION SURVEY STYLE P P K (POST PORCESS KINAMETIC) /RTK (REAL TIME KINAMETIC) / FAST STATIC (As per requirement) BASE OPTION (CHECK & CORRECT THE PAGES) STORE ESCAPE FILE NEW JOB GIVEN JOB NAME ENTER SURVEY P P K / FAST STATIC / R T K (As per requirement) START BASE RECEIVER POINT NAME ENTER START END BASE STATION COMPLETED SETTING OF ANOTHER RECEIVER CUM ANTEENA IN BIPOD AND LEBLE CONFIGURATION CONTROLLER BLUETOOTH

11 SELECT THE SL. NO OF ANTENA/ RECEIVER CONFIGURATION SURVEY STYLE P P K (POST PORCESS KINAMETIC) /RTK (REAL TIME KINAMETIC) / FAST STATIC (As per requirement) ROVER OPTION ( CHECK THE PAGES) STORE ESCAPE FILE JOB NAME (GIVEN JOB NAME) ENTER SURVEY P P K (POST PORCESS KINAMETIC) /RTK (REAL TIME KINAMETIC) / FAST STATIC MEASURE POINT POINT NAME (GIVEN POINT NAME) ENTER MEASURE (WAIT 8 MINS FOR INITIALITION) AFTER 8 MINS A VOICE WILL COME INITIALIATION HAS BEEN GAINED MEASURE STORE (A VOICE WILL COME OBSERVATION STORED) CONTINUE THIS PROCESS AS PER YOUR REQUIREMENT OF A PLOT TO FIND THE CO-ORDINATE FAVORITE POINT MANAGER TO FIND THE DISTANCE COGO COMPUTE INVERSE FROM (GIVEN THE POINTS OF THE DISTANCE WHICH REQUIRED) TO (GIVEN THE POINTS OF THE DISTANCE WHICH REQUIRED) MAP AND AREA COGO AREA CALCULATION (THE MAP AND THE AREA WILL SHOW) TO CHANGE THE UNIT OF THE AREA

12 ARROW MARK OPTION ACRE / HECTOR / SQ. MTR ETC. (REQUIRED UNIT WILL SHOW) SHUT DOWN PROCESS SHUT DOWN ROVER RECEIVER ESCAPE EXIT YES SHUT DOWN RECEIVER YES SHUT DOWN BASE RECEIVER SURVEY PPK END GNSS SURVEY YES SHUT DOWN SURVEY CONTROLLER PUSH POWER BOTTON AND HOLD SHUT DOWN Preparatory work for Ground truthing and Obscure Area Survey Obscured areas and Gharabari Plots are to be surveyed on Ground using ETS/ DGPS based on locally available GCPs after demarcation by concerned Rl/ Amin in presence of land owners/enjoyers.

13 Vectors generated from Ortho-Image & DGPS/ETS survey are to be integrated to prepare draft Village Map. Comparison of village area of cadastral map, ortho-image and RoR data Maximum tolerable limit 2% between different sources of village area For the purpose, RoR data should be up to date In case of variation (above 2% tolerable limit) field survey is necessary for boundary demarcation. Field survey is necessary if the village boundary falls under obscure areas or incase large scale variation in the village boundaries. The area obtained from filed survey will be treated as final

Digitised cadastral maps of one tahasil georeferenced and verified Generation of Draft Village Map and RoR : After compliance of the orders of the Camp Officer/ Tahasildar relating to one Village,

14 Digitised cadastral maps of one tahasil georeferenced and verified Generation of Draft Village Map and RoR : After compliance of the orders of the Camp Officer/ Tahasildar relating to one Village, the survey team shall furnish Village Map complete with integration of textual data, plot schedule with area and corresponding Sabik reference in Form No.06 (T) to the Tahasildar. QUALITY CHECKING : The QC checks will be done by ORSAC QC team in following stages or as when required: After generation of ortho-image. After geo-referencing of 'Sabik' cadastral maps with the image: Georeferencing of individual parcels and the village as a whole for delineation/demarcation of village boundary. After plot vector generation and prior to ground truthing/verification:

15 The geometry of parcels, the village boundary, matched andmismatched plots as seen on the image. Before submission of Draft Map to Tahasil for verification: The village incompleteness, correctness of matched and mismatched parcels as identified by the vendor. Before final submission: Village map as a whole and the statistics after RoR linkage and 'Khanapuri Operation'. Some of the bund dimensions will be verified by ORSAC for ensuring correctness and quality of survey by the vendor. Pre-Survey activities It includes Notification of villages to be covered under Hi-tech surveyoperation by Revenue & DM Department Planning and execution of awareness meetings at village level associating the vendor Proclamation in Form No.1 by Tahasildar under Section-3 (2) of OSS&S Act, 2012 Soliciting self-declaration in Form-2 from the land owners Rule 6 (1) of OSS&S Rules, 2012 within 30 working days from the date of notification Verification of self-declaration by Tahasildar/ Additional Tahasildar. After verification Tahasildar prepare a verification certificate register in Form-3. If self declaration could not be verified due to non availability of record or due to dispute, It is to be entered in separate register in Form No- 4 Verification of Map so prepared by Vendor under Rule 7(3) Vendor to Submission of map so prepared to Tahasildar for verification indicating plot numbers ofexisting map/ror and a comparative statement of image derived parcel area with RoR area in Form 6-T.

16 The Amin shall verify cent percent plots of the map and Revenue Inspector, Revenue Supervisor, Tahasildar and Sub Collector shall randomly check 25%,10% 2% 1%.(Rule 7(3)) The map after necessary correction shall be displayed inlocality and GP office and Tahasil Office. Preparation of preliminary RoR Team of persons shall be Constituted by Sub-Collector for preparation of Preliminary RoR headed by a Revenue Supervisor. Steps for preparation of prelim ROR Preparation of abstract of RoR and plot register in Form-5 & 6 Re-verification of self-declarations with reference to above abstract and plot register and available records Physical verification of all plots and noting of all changes in respect of configuration, area, boundaries and ownerships. Vendor personnel shall assist the team of persons in demarcation of plots during the process Team of persons must ensure incorporation of all plots in existing RoR and those obtained from self declarations in the draft map so prepared Sub-divided plots need to be marked in broken lines Digital updation of village map upto a cut-off date i.e. till publication of draft RoR by Tahasildar Preparation of land owner wise preliminary RoR in Form-7 Generation of LPM of hal plots and serving of same to land owners and officers of other Departments in Form-4(T) with display for public scrutiny for 15 days Soliciting claims and objections within 15 days in Form-8 Disposal of all claims and objections by Tahasildar in a summary manner within a maximum period of 30 working days of receipt of the same ( Rule-10) The vendor surveyor shall assist the Tahasildar for disposal of objection cases which may require parcel measurement Draft Record of Rights Draft RoR shall be prepared in Form-12 stating the orders passed in respect of claims and objections and shall be published for a period of 30 days (Rule-12)

17 Public notice shall be issued in Form-13 inviting claims and objections within a period of 30 days Disposal of claims and objections in a summary manner shall be done by Addl. Sub-Collector on the basis of available records, documentary evidence and spot verification if needed within 60 days of filing of such claims/objections Recess Addition and alterations in the draft RoR per the orders passed by Addl. Sub- Collector Addition and alterations in the draft RoR per the orders passed by Addl. Sub- Collector Checking and verification of area of each plot and area and boundaries of each revenue village to ensure its correctness both in RoR and in maps. Passing of new area by Tahasildar Preparation of abstract of new RoR in Form-18 and new plot Register in Form- 19 Preparation of copies of RoR in quadruplicates for final Publication Final Record of Rights Final RoR will be published in Form-20 under seal and signature of Collector and shall be placed for public inspection for 30 days Both soft & hard copies shall be prepared by the vendor for distribution among land owner,ri, Tahasildar, Collector and DLR&S Any person can file claim/objection against the entries of final RoR within 90 days of publication of final RoR before the ADM Disposal of claims and objections in a summary manner by ADM on the basis of available records, documentary evidence and spot verification if needed within 90 days of filing of such claims/objections. After final publication of RoR and map, the soft copy and hard copy of RoR (Form 20, of O.S.S & S. Rules, 2012) shall be prepared by the Survey Team and handed over to the Tahasildar for distribution as mentioned below : 1. Softcopy and hardcopy of both RoR and map to concerned Tahsildar. 2. Softcopy and hardcopy of both RoR and map to concernedcollector.

18 3. Softcopy and hardcopy of RoR and hardcopy of map to concerned RI 4. Hard copy of RoR for Individual Land Owners. CONCLUSION : After successfully piloting high-tech land survey in nine districts, the State Government has decided to roll it out to other districts.the Revenue department has been asked to work out a detailed project report (DPR) for undertaking high-tech survey of the land in the entire State. A sub-committee was formed under the chairmanship of Principal Secretary IT P.K. Jena to look in to storage, security and usability of the data. Representatives from National Informatics Centre (NIC), Directorate of Land Records, Odisha Remote Sensing Application Centre (ORSAC) and Odisha Computer Application Centre (OCAC) are members of the committee. Meanwhile, Record of Rights (RoR) of all 51,675 revenue villages have been computerised and put online in Bhulekh website. Maps of 51,612 villages have been also digitised and uploaded in the website..presently, re-survey work of the land records through modern technologies have been taken up in 9 districts namely Cuttack, Khordha, Ganjam, Keonjhar, Deogarh, Sundargarh, Bolangir, Subarnapur and Sambalpur.

Hi-tech Survey Operation using Modern Technologies: Concept & Process Flow

Hi-tech Survey Operation using Modern Technologies: Concept & Process Flow Presented by Sri Biswaranjan Rath Asst. Director,CLR Board of Revenue, Odisha Limitations of present system of surveying Survey