By: Barney I. S. Laseko Programme Coordinator Prime Minister s Office TANZANIA

Transcription

1 2014 CONFERENCE ON LAND POLICY IN AFRICA NOVEMBER, 2014 Focussed Discussion VIII Converting from Manual Land Registration to GIS Enabled Land Information System Case of Sub Saharan Africa Tanzania By: Barney I. S. Laseko Programme Coordinator Prime Minister s Office TANZANIA

2 Introduction Converting from Manual Land Registration to GIS Enabled Land Information Systems Is this a panacea to African land challenges? This particular presentation posits its locus in addressing the topic from Public Administration point of view. The presentation is not intended to provide any justification for the use of a particular technology in Land Administration System.

3 Background and Context The African land policy agenda calls for many intriguing questions History that shades some light on the tenets of the current policy context Human relationship to land before foreign intervention was based on traditions and customs of respective tribes and clans. Ownership of land was by community, family, clan or tribe Slave trade presided the colonial period by almost 200 years By the time Africa was being colonised; systems had already been shattered with a serious decline of the African population and organisational fabric in terms of cultural coherence In many nations, colonial governments forcibly displaced large numbers of native Africans to make way for European settlers. Colonial masters brought the concept of landownership that was alien to most of the African people in terms of land policies, laws, regulations and land administration systems

4 The Doomsday Book Case By end of 1086 all land in England had been fully surveyed, mapped and titled (928 years ago). At Christmas 1085 King William I commissioned a survey to discover the resources and taxable values of all the boroughs and manors in England. The King wanted to discover who owned what, how much it was worth and how much was owed to him as King in tax, rents, and military service. The King was essentially interested in tracing, recording and recovering his royal rights and revenues which he wished to maximise. It was also in the interests of his chief barons to co-operate in the survey since it set on permanent record the tenurial gains they had made since The King threw the full weight of his administrative machinery into the initial survey. Domesday Book had the final word there was to be no appeal beyond it as evidence of legal title to land in England

5 Post Independence Period After independence in many cases the details of who owned what, where, how much or of what value has remained unresolved. The promise and the loss of land has been our battleground Land is used by unscrupulous leaders as a way to gain political advantage Land has become a political agenda and a real problem in the African society

6 Tanzania Land Policy Seeking to address the land challenges, 1994 a Presidential Commission of Inquiry into Land Matters was established 1995 a National Land Policy (NLP) was adopted The NLP recognised three categories of land. These are; General land, (about 2% of the country) covered by Land Act no. 4 of Village Land, (about 70% of the country) covered under the Land Act no. 5 of Reserve land, (about 28% of the country) land reserved and governed for purposes set out in their respective laws including environmental protection, national parks, forest and wildlife reserves and marine parks, as well as areas set aside for public infrastructure development.

7 Tanzania Land Policy Implementation Basic land laws have been enacted Land Act No. 4 of 1999, Village Land Act No. 5 of 1999, and Land Disputes Settlements Act No. 2 of 2002 Various other Land related laws A comprehensive Strategic Plan to Implement Land Laws (SPILL) was completed in 2005 with clear medium term (3 years) and long term (10 years) intervention including; Decentralization of land administration Registration of property rights in urban and rural settlements Computerization and streamlining of land administration services Building modern Geodetic control network and mapping infrastructure

8 Conversion from Manual to GIS Enabled LIS Like many other African countries, Tanzania is undertaking consolidated efforts to improve Land Administration System to deliver services efficiently and effectively. Since 2001 there has been an incremental implementation of computerized systems to facilitate the management of land records. Despite the improved business operations citizens are still facing several problems including: unreliable information, slow and complex processes, uncertainty of the land tenure and other issues.

9 Background Tanzania has developed a long term strategy for the effective modernization and improvement of the land administration system through the introduction of ILMIS and will involves several stages Overall ILMIS Project design and Technical Preparation - development of the overall ILMIS concept, and for the planning and preparation of the other components. Preparation of Technical and Administrative Infrastructure and Human Resources. - preparation of the technical infrastructure, providing guidance, as well as putting in place the necessary administrative and human resources. This is divided into two sub stages: - ILMIS software development - ILMIS Implementation (roll out to all offices). Records Conversion. - data conversion of existing paper based records (spatial data and registry data) Warranty and Support Following roll out, the Supplier will be responsible for a period of warranty for the software and performance of the system and support. Source : Ministry of Lands, ILMIS phase planning,2010

10 Acquisition of Satellite Digital Topographic Maps Current Future Description Satellite Imagery Used to gather strategic planning information pertaining to a district or an entire city Currently based on ad-hoc request and expensive Digital Elevation Models Photography which can be processed for visualization of terrain conditions in 3D Vector Feature Extraction Custom vector feature extraction from highresolution satellite imagery or aerial photography: roads, railroads, bridges, airports, hydrology, coastlines and building footprints Available map was outdated (done between ) Classification & Object Based Image Analysis Spectral classification and Object Based Image Analysis: land-use/land-cover, vegetation, hydrology, impervious surface and change detection mapping

11 Dar es Salaam land surveying, mapping and titling will take almost 1,000 years at current rate of 1,200 plots per batch, each taking 925 days long Urban Land Management Process Regularization Identification of property owners Submit the CRO to Zonal Assistant Registrar of Title CRO is issued to owner Digitized Preparation of a planning scheme (TP drawing) CRO submitted to Assistant Commissioner of Land Planning scheme submit to Urban Planning Committee (District Level) Owner pay fees (survey and other related fees for CRO preparation) Planning Scheme sent to Director of Rural and Town Planning for approval Prepare CRO Will be done at the same time due to mutual agreement of the landowners Digitized Conduct the land survey Submit to Director of Survey and Mapping Digitized Preparing survey plans Submit survey plan for signature for approved surveyor Process time reduced by 40 days per plot and capacity increased > 300X with 450,000 plots over 3 years by deploying manual and satellite digital mapping, 336,420 days will be reduced in acquiring DAR plots 337,500 days (~1,000 years) 1,080 days (~3 years) Reduced by 99.68% * Assuming DAR does not expand significantly in 3 years

12 Digitising the land management process will help to deliver 10X more output with 2117 less day Rural Land Management Process Rural Land Regularization Digitized Digitized Digitized Process time reduced by 2117 days and capacity increased by 10X with digitized satellite image data, 2117 days will be reduced and use of ward teams will result into 10 times outputs of village demarcations and surveys through the regularization process 2,207 days 90 days 2 wards and 2 villages 20 wards and 20 villages Source: Study by MKARUBITA, 2008.

13 How are we improving the process? The digital processing of land will deliver out comes 10x faster TODAY Manual Data Collection 2 villages can be regularized in 120 days Tanzania has about 20 million parcels in the rural areas 17 procedures from identification to CCRO issuance Only 656,000 parcels can be processed each year 656,000 parcels in a year x 30 years= 19,680,000 parcels therefore it will take more than 30 years to complete all 20 million parcels in the rural areas 31 years to complete regularizing rural areas in Tanzania 2017 Availability of digitized data from topographic mapping initiative Deploying manual and satellite mapping to identify plots 4 procedures will be improved by digitization of satellite imagery data Able to process 6,560,000 parcels per year 30 days reduced by using digitized satellite data 10 x parcels output due to use of Ward Land Use Planning Teams 3 years to complete regularization of rural areas in Tanzania

14 Conclusion Developing and operating GIS enabled LIS is not an end in itself It is an important tool for providing services in an efficient and timely manner Using GIS enabled LIS do tremendously cut surveying, mapping and titling costs and time Evidence shows that pre requisite for an efficient and effective LIS may not be based on technology alone. Various examples from the African continent and beyond, including the Doomsday Book, confirm that choice of technology may not be the only needed factor. A successful development and implementation of an efficient and effective Land Information System seem to depend more on the political will to allocate and invest the requisite resources.