Architecture of Workplaces 1. Lecture 2. History of Industrial Architecture 2. (1860)

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1 Architecture of Workplaces 1. Lecture 2 History of Industrial Architecture 2. (1860) Dobai János DLA associate professor Bartók István DLA associate professor

2 Completition of the Industrial Revolution Events, processes: A stream of products Production en masse/ bulk manufacture: production belt (Henry Ford 1913) 2nd Industrial revolution Use of electricity: generator, transformator (Siemens) Spread of electric lighting and telecommunication (Edison) Safety elevator (1857 Otis) Flying New inventions: radioactivity, chemistry, biology Altering societies: Crowding, poverty, health problems, social tensions Labour movements Suffrage movements Women integration Altering countries: Wars for territories (raw material, market, labour force) Wars for repartition of the world

3 Shipyard, Glasgow, Clydebank 1910

4 Shipyard, Glasgow, Clydebank 1910

5 Singer sewing machine factory, Glasgow, Clydebank 1910 (5000 sewing machines daily)

6 Sheet workshop, round 1910

7 Forge with tilt-hammers, round 1910

8 Turbine assembly workshop, round 1910

9 Electrical power station, round 1910

10 Joiner s workshop for model fabrication, round 1910

11 Shipyard s drawing hall, round 1910

12 Iron foundry, Germany, Ruhrland, round 1910

13 Ford car factory, Detroit, 1917

14 City scene, Vienna, 1915 (development of city infrastructure)

15 City scene somewhere in America, round 1890

16 The world of the backyards

17 The offer: goods from home and from the colonies

18 Premises: (Re)invention of concrete, use of reinforced concrete (cement: Joseph Aspdin, concrete: John Smeaton 1840) Joseph Monier 1867 Francois Hennebique 1870 Outraging constructeurs Robert Maillart Eduardo Torroja Pier Luigi Nervi Felix Candela Patent of a flowerpot, Joseph Monier, 1867

19 Bridge at Castle of Chazelet, France, Joseph Monier, 1875

20 François Hennebique: reinforced concrete construction, 1879

21 François Hennebique: reinforced concrete construction, round 1900

22 François Hennebique: reinforced concrete construction, round 1900

23 Rue Franklin 25. Paris, Auguste Perret,

24 Notre Dame du Raincy, Auguste Perret,

25 Notre Dame du Raincy, Auguste Perret,

26 Notre Dame du Raincy, Auguste Perret,

27 Orly airport hangar, Paris, Eugene Freysinnet, 1921 (91 m wide and 60 m high)

28 Orly airport hangar, Paris, Eugene Freysinnet, 1921 (91 m wide and 60 m high)

29 Orly airport hangar, Paris, Eugene Freysinnet, 1921 (91 m wide and 60 m high)

30 Orly airport hangar, Paris, Eugene Freysinnet, 1921 (91 m wide and 60 m high)

31 Orly airport hangar, Paris, Eugene Freysinnet, 1921 (91 m wide and 60 m high)

32 Robert Maillart, Giesshubel warehouse, Zurich, Switzerland, 1910

33 Robert Maillart: Bridge at Salginatobel (90m), 1930

34 Robert Maillart: Bridge at Salginatobel (90m), 1930

35 Robert Maillart: Bridge at Salginatobel (90m), 1930

36 Robert Maillart: Bridge at Salginatobel (90m), 1930

37 The Centennial Hall (69m) (Breslau) Wrocław, Poland, Max Berg,

38 Market hall (47,62 m) Algeciras (Andaluzia, Spain) Eduárdo Torroja, 1934

39 Grandstand of the racecourse Zarzuela, Madrid, Eduárdo Torroja, 1935

40 Orvieto, Italy hangar for aeroplanes 1935, (44,8x111,5m), Pier Luigi Nervi

41 Orbetello, Italy hangar for aeroplanes 1939, Pier Luigi Nervi

42 Schools of architecture Secession (the rejection of eclecticism) Austria, Germany, England, France, Spain, Hungary Otto Wagner (premise: G. Semper) the context of form and function Adolf Loos ( decoration is a sin ) Chicago school ( ) Louis Sullivan and his follower Frank Lloyd Wright Detroit: Albert Kahn German Werkbund (1899- München, Darmstadt) Joseph Olbricht, Peter Behrens and followers: Ludvig Mies van der Rohe Le Corbusier Adolf Mayer Walter Gropius Hans Poelzig

43 De Stijl 1917 Theo van Doesburg, Gerrit Rietveld Soviet constructivism El Lissitzky, Leonyidov, Melnyikov BAUHAUS Weimar, Dessau, Berlin Walter Gropius, Mies van der Rohe, Brauer Marcel, Molnár Farkas Le Corbusier Principles of city design, 5 points, use of reinforced concrete, Modulor

44 Warehouse Carsons Pirie Scott & Co Chicago, Louis Sullivan, 1904 form follows function

45 Larkin Company Administration Building, Buffalo (New York), Frank Lloyd Wright, 1903

46 Larkin Company Administration Building, Buffalo (New York), Frank Lloyd Wright, 1903

47 Larkin Company Administration Building, Buffalo (New York), Frank Lloyd Wright, 1903

48 Johnson Wax administration building, laboratory, Racine, Frank Lloyd Wright,

49 Johnson Wax administration building, laboratory, Racine, Frank Lloyd Wright,

50 Early silos of reinforced concrete, round 1900

51 Ingalls Building, Cincinnati (Ohio), W.P. Anderson, O. Eizner, 1903

52 Packard Motor Company in Detroit, USA, Albert Kahn, 1903

53 Ford Highland Park Plant, Detroit, USA, Albert Kahn, 1910

54 Ford car factory, Detroit, USA, Albert Kahn, 1914

55 Ford car factory, Detroit, USA, Albert Kahn, 1914

56 Ford car factory, Ford Rouge plant Detroit, USA, Albert Kahn, 1916

57 Ford car factory, Detroit, USA, Albert Kahn, 1924

58 Office building of the General Motors Cadillac place, Detroit, USA, Albert Kahn, The second largest office building of the world when built

59 Turbine factory AEG, Berlin, Peter Behrens, 1910

60 Turbine factory AEG, Berlin, Peter Behrens, 1910

61 Turbine factory AEG, Berlin, Peter Behrens, 1910

62 Fagus last factory, Alfeld/Leine, Germany, Walter Gropius, A. Mayer, 1911

63 Fagus last factory, Alfeld/Leine, Germany, Walter Gropius, A. Mayer, 1911

64 Fagus last factory, Alfeld/Leine, Germany, Walter Gropius, A. Mayer, 1911

65 The workshop building Bauhaus, Dessau, Walter Gropius, 1925

66 The workshop building Bauhaus, Dessau, Walter Gropius, 1925

67 Vitriol factory, Luban (Silesia), Hans Poelzig, 1911

68 Department Store Schocken, Stuttgart, Germany, Erich Mendelsohn 1926

69 FIAT Lingotto, Torino, (Italy) Giacomo Mattè Trucco, 1920

70 Tobacco factory Van Nelle, Rotterdam, Vlught and Brinkmann,

71 Tobacco factory Van Nelle, Rotterdam, Vlught and Brinkmann,

72 Boots Pure Drug factory, Beaston, near Nottingham, UK, Sir Owen Williams, 1932

73 Boots Pure Drug factory, Beaston, near Nottingham, UK, Sir Owen Williams, 1932

74 Willow plant of Ford, Michigan, USA, Albert Kahn, 1940 (25 B-24 aeroplanes/day, 8800 alltogether, max workers)

75 sources: Thank you for your attention.

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