Schools began with a man under a tree, who did not know he was a teacher, discussing his realization with a few, who did not know they were

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1 Schools began with a man under a tree, who did not know he was a teacher, discussing his realization with a few, who did not know they were students. Louis Kahn

5rd Ed., Wiley, 2004 HIGHLY RECOMMENDED Deplazes, Andrea (Ed.

4 Current Architecture as Technical Discourse REQUIRED TEXT Allen, Ed, Fundamentals of Building Construction; Materials and Methods, 5rd Ed., Wiley, 2004 HIGHLY RECOMMENDED Deplazes, Andrea (Ed.), Constructing Architecture: Materials Processes Structure, Birkhauser, 2005

9 Technology Two: Building Materials Systems Poetics and Properties of Materials (Solid and Filigree) Masonry Timber Concrete Steel Glass Technology Three: Building Systems Systems and their Applications Structural (Bearing Wall and Frame) Envelope, HVAC, Plumbing, Circulation Systems Building on the earth Controlling Environment» Insulating (thermal and acoustic)» Controlling water Infiltration Systems Integration Strategies

10 Poetics and Properties of Materials Morphology of the Architectural

11 Poetics and Properties of Materials Morphology of the Architectural Earthworks and Roofworks Stereotomy and Tectonics Solid and Filigree Compressive and Joining Systems Bearing Wall and Frame

12 Gottried Semper, Four Elements of Architecture, 1851 Two fundamental procedures of building: tectonics (of the roofworks) lightweight, linear components are assembled so as to encompass a spatial matrix stereotomics (of the earthwork) heavyweight elements. This depends upon loadbearing masonry, whether stone, concrete or mud brick

13 Hermann Obrist; Monument to the Pillar, 1898 Origin of Gothic Architecture by J. Hall, after Rykwert, On Adam s House in Paradise, 1972

14 COMPRESSIVE Only vertical loads are transferred through the materials Lion Gate, Mycenae. The false arch above the great lintel relieves it of much of the load that would otherwise bear upon it.

15 BEHAVIOR Karl Friedrich Schinkel, Neuer Packhof, warehouse, Berlin, battered walls

16 CELLULAR Karl Friedrich Schinkel, Bauakademie, Berlin, 1836

17 CELLULAR Durand, 1823, horizontal combinations. Plate from Precis des lecons d architecture.

18 Alvar Aalto, Saynatsalo Town Hall, 1952 stereotomic mass

TECTONICS The Caribbean Hut in the Great Exhibition of 1851 Gottfriede Semper, 1860-1863 Semper gave primacy to the tensile frame and its infill (tectonics) as

19 TECTONICS The Caribbean Hut in the Great Exhibition of 1851 Gottfriede Semper, Semper gave primacy to the tensile frame and its infill (tectonics) as opposed to the compressive earthwork or load-bearing mass (stereotomics). a phenomenally transparent grid structured about a hierarchical assembly of discrete parts

20 JOINING loads are transferred through the joint Carlo Scarpa, Brion Cemetery, , San Vito d Altivole, Treviso railing detail

21 SOLID OR FILIGREE? A.W.N. Pugin hidden vs. exposed buttresses shows how the lateral thrusts are absorbed by the flying buttress

22 SOLID A.W.N. Pugin hidden vs. exposed buttresses shows how the lateral thrusts are absorbed by the flying buttress

23 DEMATERIALIZED WALL LOOKS MORE LIKE FILIGREE Cathedral of Notre Dame Paris

24 FRAME OR BEARING WALL: THE JOINT? Henri Labrouste, Bibliotheque Ste.-Genevieve, Paris,

25 Henri Labrouste, Bibliotheque Ste.-Genevieve, Paris,

26 Henri Labrouste, Bibliotheque Ste.-Genevieve, Paris,

27 Auguste Perret, Church of Notre-Dame, Le Raincy,

28 Auguste Perret, Church of Notre-Dame, Le Raincy,

29 Systems and their Applications Decisions of the Architect

30 Decisions premised on concepts of space Mies van der Rohe

31 Le Corbusier, Five Points of a New Architecture, plate from La Maison de l homme, 1926

32 Le Corbusier, Villa Savoye 1. pilotis 2. free façade 3. open floor plan 4. ribbon windows 5. roof garden

33 Decisions premised on structure Palace of Labor Nervi Studio Turin, Italy

34 Palace of Labour, Turin under construction (Nervi)

35 Farnsworth House, Mies van der Rohe, 1946 SPACE OR STRUCTURE?

36 Farnsworth House, Mies van der Rohe, 1946 "To me, structure is something like logic. It is the best way to do things and to express them. I am very skeptical about emotional expressions. I don't trust them, and I don't think they will last for long." Mies in a 1960 interview with Peter Blake

37 Decisions premised on concepts of construction TECTONIC Scarpa, Brion-Vega Cemetery, San Vito d Altivole

38 Scarpa, Fondazione Querini Stampalia parts from Brion tomb

39 Decisions premised on concepts of construction Auguste Choisy, the derivation of the Doric order from timber construction, from Histoire de l architecture, 1899 AUTHENTICITY OF MATERIALS?

40 Eduard Sekler, 1973 essay Structure, Construction, and Tectonics Tectonic a certain expressivity arising from the statical resistance of constructional form in such a way that the resultant expression could not be accounted for in terms of structure and construction alone. Atectonic a manner in which the expressive interaction of load and support in architecture is visually neglected or obscured.

41 Le Corbusier, Chapel of Notre-Dame du Haut Ronchamp,

42 Le Corbusier, Chapel of Notre-Dame du Haut Ronchamp,

43 Le Corbusier, Chapel of Notre-Dame du Haut Ronchamp,

44 Claude Perrault, 25 bis rue Franklin, Paris, concrete frame is expressed as basic structure then clad in ceramic tile

45 Claude Perrault, 25 bis rue Franklin, Paris, inherent contradiction of pursuing tectonic order with stereotomic means

46 do you want first to build scaffolding out of steel, visible, preferably naked and powerful

50 Issues of scale: Matrix Program

51 Tea Houses Shigeru Uchida

52 Tea Houses Shigeru Uchida

53 Train Station and Bicycle Shed Fukui Prefecture, Japan Shuhei Endo Architect Institute

54 Train Station and Bicycle Shed Fukui Prefecture, Japan Shuhei Endo Architect Institute expression of material and its creation of space

55 Train Station and Bicycle Shed Fukui Prefecture, Japan Shuhei Endo Architect Institute

56 Metro Stops Hanover, Germany Despang Architekten

Issue-based Design Process Conceptual Design Grounding logics Order Dwelling Shelter Accommodation Safety Requires: Understanding Has to do with: Idea metaphor Intention program/ context strategies

61 Issue-based Design Process Conceptual Design Grounding logics Order Dwelling Shelter Accommodation Safety Requires: Understanding Has to do with: Idea metaphor Intention program/ context strategies Schematic Design Systems Structural Systems Building Service Systems Environmental Control Systems Codes (system of ) Knowledge the plan/ strategy for building geometry, mathematics technology (how to ) tactics tools Concrete Design Elements Columns Doors or stairs Windows Ducts or radiators Information/ Data the description of the analogy techniques building materials availability of material

63 Poetics and Properties of Materials Morphology of the Architectural

65 technological advancements allow for greater explorations of a materials abilities

66 All Things are Relative

Schools began with a man under a tree, who did not know he was a teacher, discussing his realization with a few, who did not know they were students.

Schools began with a man under a tree, who did not know he was a teacher, discussing his realization with a few, who did not know they were students. Louis Kahn Poetics and Properties of Materials Morphology