The Future of Architecture. Since Jean-Louis Cohen

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1 The Future of Architecture. Since Jean-Louis Cohen (D

2 \ Table of contents Introduction Architecture's expanded field Two thresholds in time The carousel of hegemonies The continuity of type Historians versus architects, or the problem of inclusion 01 Sheds to rails: the dominion of steel 018 -The lamp of style The eminence of the Beaux-Arts Programs of modernization Networks of internationalization 02 The search for modern form Toward a "new art" from Paris to Berlin Great Britain after the Arts and Crafts Art Nouveau and the Paris-Nancy axis From Italian "Floreale" to Russian "Modern" The Catalan renaissance 03 Domestic innovation and tectonic expression The central place of Great Britain Residential reform Unifying the urban landscape The advent of reinforced concrete Concrete nationalisms 07 In search of a language: from classicism to Cubism Anglo-American classicisms German nostalgia Loos and the lure of "Western culture" Berlage and the question of proportions Cubism and cubistics 08 The Great War and its side effects 102-A triple mobilization The spread of Taylorism Commemoration and reconstruction Postwar recomposition New architects between science and propaganda 09 Expressionism in Weimar Germany and the Netherlands The Arbeitsrat fur Kunst Dynamism in architecture Hanseatic Expressionism De Klerk and the Amsterdam School 13 Architecture and revolution in Russia The shock of revolution A profession renewed The "social condensers" Polemics and rivalries The Palace of the Soviets competition 14 The architecture of social reform Modernizing cities Red Vienna The new Frankfurt Taut's housing developments in Berlin French suburbs Echoes overseas Equipping the suburbs 15 Internationalization, its networks and spectacles The journal as printed stage Model cities and open-air exhibitions, Modern architecture enters the museums The International Congresses of Modern Architecture (CIAM) Networks of influence and historical narratives

3 04 American rediscovered, tall and wide Chicago in white and black Sullivan's inventions Wright and prarie architecture Wright and Europe The skyscraper migrates to New York 05 The challenge of the metropolis An explosion without precedent The planners' toolbox Town, square, and monument The idyll of the garden city Zoning for the colonies and for Europe's metropoles 06 New production, new aesthetic The AEG model in Berlin Factory as inspiration The Deutscher Werkbund Futurist mechanization 10 Return to order in Paris Purist forms and urban compositions Le Corbusier and the modern house Grand vessels in Paris and Geneva Perret and the "sovereign shelter" 129-Paris Art Deco Mallet-Stevens, or elegant modernism The extent of French modernism 11 Dada, De Stijl, and Mies: from subversiveness to elementarism 138-The Dada-blast The new forms of De Stijl Van Doesburg builds Oud and Rietveld, from furniture to house design Mies van der Rohe's theoretical projects 12 Architectural education in turmoil The Beaux-Arts and the alternatives The Weimar Bauhaus The Bauhaus in Dessau and Berlin The Vkhutemas in Moscow Innovative schools in the new and old worlds 16 Futurism and Rationalism in Fascist Italy A second Futurism Muzio and the Novecento The regime and Rationalism Terragni's geometries An ambiguous "Mediterraneanism" New territories 17 The spectrum of classicisms and traditionalisms Literal classicism Modern classicism Traditionalism and self-critical modernism Opportunism without borders Islands of coexistence 18 North American modernities Wright, the return Los Angeles - fertile ground The skyscraper reloaded Industrial products: between factory and market The New Deal's housing reform and the European immigration

4 \ 19 Functionalism and machine aesthetics Taylorism and architecture From ergonomics to standard dimensions Poetic functionalism: Chareau and Nelson Dynamic functionalism in France and the United States 20 Modern languages conquer the world British reticence defeated Northern European modernisms The modern as Czechoslovakia's national brand The moderns in Hungary and Poland Balkan figures Iberian modernization Japanese experiments 265"-Brazilian curves 21 Colonial experiences and new nationalisms From Arabizing to modernizing in North Africa Near Eastern and African endeavors Italian cities around the Mediterranean The modernization of Turkey and Iran Chinese pluralism Modern hegemony in Palestine 25 Le Corbusier reinvented and reinterpreted The Unite d'habitation Of palaces and houses The surprise of Ronchamp Indian adventures Invention and introspection Corbusian mannerisms Anglo-American Brutalism The saga of Brasilia 26 The shape of American hegemony The second skyscraper age Mies the American Wright's last return Research out west Gropius and Breuer: the assimilation of the Bauhaus Saarinen's lyricism and Johnson's anxiety The solitude of Kahn From experimentation to commerce 27 Repression and diffusion of modernism Seven Sisters in Moscow Socialist realism exported Khrushchev's critique Aalto's eminent position Japan's new energy Latin Americanisms Archipelagoes of invention 31 The postmodern season From nostalgia to play The "end of prohibitions" Retrieving urbanity's figures America turns postmodern The uncertain front of postmodernism The city - composition or collage? 32 From regionalism to critical internationalism Scarpa, or the rediscovery of craft Siza's poetic rigor Collective endeavor in the Ticino Moneo and Iberia Europe as a field of experience Research in South Asia Latin American personalities A critical internationalism 33 The neo-futurist optimism of high tech Beaubourg establishes a canon Composition according to Rogers Experimentation according to Piano Structure according to Foster Architects and engineers New geometries

5 22 Architecture of a total war Front lines and home fronts Extreme scales Air raid protection Constructive and destructive techniques Mobility and flexibility Architecture of military occupation Imagining the postwar world Converting to peace Memory and memorials 23 Tabula rasa to horror vacui: reconstruction and renaissance An American age Literal reconstruction or radical modernization? The "neighborhood unit" as model The traditionalists at work In search of a British model German debates A modernist triumph? 24 The fatal crisis of the Modern Movement, and the alternatives The Festival of Britain Italian Neorealism Planet Brazil Housing and innovation in North Africa CIAM in turmoil The end of CIAM 28 Toward new Utopias Italy: critical continuity Independent together Technology: ethos or icon? Hovering cities of indeterminacy Metabolism in Japan Megastructures and global agitation Technology and its double 29 Between elitism and populism: alternative architecture Research and technocracy Venturi's critique Grays and Whites From functionalism to advocacy planning. 30 After 1968: architecture for the city , annus mirabilis Observing the extended city The shape of the city The input of the user 34 Architecture's outer boundaries Gehry, or the seduction of art Koolhaas, or fantastic realism Nouvel, or mystery recovered Herzog and de Meuron, or the principle of the collection Deconstructivists and rationalists Fragmentation and poetry in Japan 35 Vanishing points Strategic geographies Reinvented materials Sustainable buildings The city reborn yet threatened Landscape as horizon Hypermodern media Persistent social expectations Notes Bibliography Index Acknowledgments and credits */ ;.

Theory of Modernism Architecture

Theory of Modernism Architecture An overview of early 20th century Architecture trends Dr. Mohammed Al-Shabander Objectives Understand why the Industrial Revolution, and sociopolitical changes altered