Architecture of Workplaces 1. Lecture 7. Technology. Dobai János DLA associate professor Bartók István DLA associate professor

Transcription

1 Architecture of Workplaces 1. Lecture 7 Technology Dobai János DLA associate professor Bartók István DLA associate professor

2 Knorr Bremse plant, Budapest, Töreky Balázs 2009

3 Technology = profession (greek) Nature-changing activity Conversion of things, resources of the nature (minerals, alive and unorganic things, natural potencials) to things serving (basic and comfort assuring) needs of the mankind. The conversion happens through the use of a certain method (know-how) that is: technology

4 Technology Basic components: 1. Knowlegde 2. Base material (row, semi-finished, aid) 3. Tool, machine (technology and aids) 4. Resource (energy, manpower) The block diagram as a suitable tool for representation Technology plan

5 Technology flow chart of the ship-mill in Ráckeve Technology plan (connection scheme) of a ship-mill

6 Legend water sludge sludge water gas Technology plan of a sewege treatment equipment (connection scheme)

7 Technology plan of a sewege treatment equipment (connection scheme)

8 Flow chart (popularizing form)

9 Flow chart (popularizing form)

10 Willow Plant, USA, Albert Kahn 1940 (25 B-24 aeroplanes/day, 8800 alltogether, max workers)

11 Willow Plant, USA, Albert Kahn 1940, concept drawing

12 Willow Plant, USA, Albert Kahn 1940, block diagram

13 Willow Plant, USA, Albert Kahn 1940 (25 B-24 aeroplanes/day, 8800 alltogether, max workers)

14 Content of the technology plan: Describes technology processes (flow chart, block diagram) Defines the technology equipments needed (machine specification) Arrangement proposal plan (plan, presentation of spatial relations, the architect s work is necessary from this point) Defines the resources needed and their parameters (number of participants -professional composition-number of shifts) energy provision: electric, gas... other public utilities: water, duct (sewage) Disposes time conditions Disposese supplies Disposes the way of transport Disposes the packing Disposes the auxiliary material Disposes the garbage arising Labour safety regulations (schedules, cycle times, puffer storages) (stock pre-storage, finished products storage) (stock delivery, finished products delivery) (undoing, packing, completion) (auxiliary m. of the technology-lubricants... auxiliary m. of the product-packing m....) (amount, type, environmental danger, disposal, laying) (ranging the workplaces, protective means, safety zones, finishes)

15 Economy s division in sectors Colin Clark: ( ) Division of GDP (brutto national product = consumption+project+export-import) In a year of one particular country - trends! Primary: Secondary: Tertiary: Quaternary: Quinary: production of raw material: mining, agriculture, fishing commodity production: steel-, chemical-, energy-, textile- etc. ind. service: commerce, health service, travel, management, finance information sector: production, sharing, education, research nonprofit sector

16 Not only the economy sectors, but their situation is also changing!

17 In 2050 Brazil, India and China will produce 40% of the World s GDP forecast Source: Origo

18 Technology today and tomorrow Industrial revolutions I. Steam engine 1784 II. Production belt 1913 III. Automatization 1969 IV. Information network of machines and things intelligent information system

19 Technology today and tomorrow 4th Industrial Revolution - today Superfast social-technological changes 65% of today children will have a profession that doesn t even exist today! 50% of the knowledge gets out-of-date during university studies Computer technology > artificial intelligence > automatization > robotics intelligent networks > internet of the objects Communication Electricity > environment > alternative resources Alternative traffic facilities > self driving electric cars Space research Biology, medical science Cooperation Unsolved problems: conversion, reduction of workplaces war, migration global warmup necessity of water and food

20 Are there special different architectural characters of the branches of industry? Possible divisions: Heavy industry - light industry Manpower demanding activity - capital demanding activity Due to products: wood-, dairy-, car industry, entertaining etc. Heavy industry: (also big) raw material production Capital-intensive Less manpower Slow returns Intensive environmental impact (load) Often without buildings: outdoor establishments eg.: mining, metallurgy, petrolchemistry, energy-, wood-paper industry Light industry: (can be more articulated) processing industry Less capital More manpower Customer-, business-oriented Smaller environmental impact Can be situated near to residential areas Buildings without special character eg.: dressmaker s shop, bakery, printing plant, service

21 Copper mine, Utah, USA, 1995

22 Lignite mine and power station, Yallourn, Victoria, Australia, 1948

23 Ore preparatory works, Gyöngyösoroszi, Hungary, János Scultéty 1950

24 Great foundry, IJmuiden, Netherlands, 2008

25 Steel factory, IJmuiden, Netherlands, 2008

26 Oil destillery, Százhalombatta, Hungary

27 Polipropilen plant

28 Hydroelectric power station Hoover Damm, California, USA, 1938

29 Hydroelectric power station, turbine hall, Manapouri, New Zealand

30 Nuclear power station, Three Mile Island, Ohio, USA

31 Nuclear power station, reactor hall, Paks, Hungary

32 12 MW capacity solar power station, Arnstein, Germany

33 Paper factory

34 Paper factory, Dunaújváros, Hungary, Rácz György IPARTERV 1964

35 Requirements of heavy industry can be described with technological requirements: If the technology is not special (underground, outdoor- linear), the tipical requirement is the single-story hall with crane. Light industry is more difficult to define, the architectural appearance is also more flexible, unique. A row of premises, rooms able to accomodate many workers, working hands is tipical, even in multi-storey arrangement.

36 Textile mill, spinning mill

37 Weaving mill

38 Textile mill, dressmaker s shop

39 Textile mill, dressmaker s shop

40 Tipical view of a textile mill of the past: Multi-bay, rooms with frequent stand of columns, in multi-storey arrangement

41 Canning factory

42 F. Schöningh printng plant, Paderborn, Germany, Peter C. von Seidlein, 1974 humidity laminated timber structure, low heat conductivity for limiting condensation

43 Cartier watch factory, Saint-Imier, Switzerland Jean Nouvel, 1992 completely dust-free environment, even day-light conditions - air-ventilation, filter system, raised floors for technical equipment, antistatic floors, glazed panes with solar protection

44 GAEC GAEC Les les Aurelles Aurelles Winery, Winery, Nizas, Nizas, France France Gilles Gilles Perraudin, Perraudin, constant humidity and temperature solid construction of natural stone 65cm!, few openings

45 Dominus Winery, Napa Valley, California Herzog & de Meuron, 1997 constant humidity and temperature external walls of gabions with basalt stones to store the heat and protect from cold

46 VW Glased Manufacture, Dresden Germany, Henn Architects, 2001 classical automobile production and fine craftsmanship Sight plant, transparency

47 VW Glased Manufacture, Dresden Germany, Henn Architects, 2001 classical automobile production and fine craftsmanship Sight plant, transparency

48 BMW factory, Shenyang, China Henn Architects, 2013 Product in the centre sight plant, spatial connection

49 BMW factory, Shenyang, China Henn Architects, 2013 Product in the centre sight plant, spatial connection

50 WITTENSTEIN Innovaton factory Igersheim- Harth, Germany, Henn Architects, 2013 Development, production and dispatch parallel sight plant, spatial connection

51 The architecture of the tertiary sector (service) is the most variable Part of this the architecture of transport: Passanger transport: Means: city and long-distance public transport free and bound-track vehicles The service, storage, maintenance of vehicles Organization, service of passanger transport Exact technology is important (motion of passangers, means of transport) intensive use Sign-like, emblematic establishments Railway stations, traffic junctions, interchange stations, airports

52 George Washington Bridge Bus Stations, New York, USA, Pierre Luigi Nervi, 1963

53 Bus station, Strasbourg Hoenheim, France, Zaha Hadid, 1990

54 Railway station, Lisboa, Portugal, S. Calatrava, 1998

55 Railway station, Lisboa, Portugal, S. Calatrava, 1998

56 Berlin Hauptbahnhof, Germany, Gerkan, Marg & Partners,

57 Berlin Hauptbahnhof, Germany, Gerkan, Marg & Partners,

58 Berlin Hauptbahnhof, Germany, Gerkan, Marg & Partners, 2006

59 Kansai Airport, Osaka, Japan, Renzo Piano, 1994

60 Kansai Airport, Osaka, Japan, Renzo Piano, 1994

61 Kansai Airport, Osaka, Japan, Renzo Piano, 1994

62 Kansai Airport, Osaka, Japan, Renzo Piano, 1994

63 Kansai Airport, Osaka, Japan, Renzo Piano, 1994

64 Kansai Airport, Osaka, Japan, Renzo Piano, 1994

65 Kansai Airport, Osaka, Japan, Renzo Piano, 1994

66 Ferry Terminal, Yokohama, Japan, Foreign Office Architects, 2002

67 Ocolus World Trade Center Transportation Hub, New York, USA, S. Calatrava, 2016

68 Ocolus World Trade Center Transportation Hub, New York, USA, S. Calatrava, 2016

69 Thank you for your attention.