Architecture of Workplaces 1 Lecture 1

Transcription

1 Architecture of Workplaces 1 Lecture 1 obai János DLA associate professor, Bartók István DLA associate professor epartment of Industrial and Agricultural Building Design

2 Architecture of Workplaces: 3x8= 24 hours 8 hours' labour, 8 hours' recreation, 8 hours rest The subject Architecture of Workplaces deals with facilities that make up the frame of work, - especially those, where production (production of added value) is going on, - especially where all this happens in a bound technological process. Industrial activities, logistics, administrative activities, sometimes agricultural activities.

3 Architecture of Workplaces 1. The schedule of the spring semester of the school year 2015/2016: I. Historical introduction 1. Industrial revolution 1. part ( ) Technical discoveries New materials, new opportunities The age of the engineers 2. The architecture of the Industrial revolution 2. part ( ) Industrial architecture in the world s countries Modern (industrial) architecture before World War II. 3. Contemporary (industrial) architecture (1945-today) New challenges, new technologies and solutions Scools, trends Industrial architecture in Hungary: IPARTERV

4 Architecture of Workplaces 1. The schedule of the 2nd semester of the school year 2014/2015: I. Historical introduction II. Tools of realization the spaces of work: 1. The structures of space forming 2. The constructions of the envelope 3. Additional constructions (natural lighting, openings, foundations, floors, etc.)

5 Architecture of Workplaces 1. The schedule of the 2nd semester of the school year 2014/2015: I. Historical introduction II. Tools of realization the spaces of work III. Characteristic architectural requirements of the different parts of industry and technologies: Social facilities of the workers/staff Logistics and transport From location to layout

6 Architecture of Workplaces 1. The schedule of the 2nd semester of the school year 2014/2015: I. Historical introduction II. Tools of realization the spaces of work III. Characteristic architectural requirements of the different parts of industry and technologies IV. The state of the built (industrial) heritage Re-use, reconstruction

7 Architecture of Workplaces 1. The schedule of the 2nd semester of the school year 2014/2015: I. Historical introduction II. Tools of realization the spaces of work III. Characteristic architectural requirements of the different parts of industry and technologies IV. The state of the built (industrial) heritage V. Offices (to the memory of Tardos Tibor interior designer)

8 Dominus Winery, Napa Valley, California, Herzog & de Meuron, 1997

9 Signalbox, Basel, Switzerland, Herzog & de Meuron,

10 Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, Norman Foster, 1978

11 Stanstead Airport, Norman Foster,

12 Lloyd s Headquarters, London, Richard Rogers,1978

13 Novartis Campus office building, Basel, Switzerland, SANAA,

14 Bankside Power Station Gilbert Scott , TATE Modern, London, Herzog & de Meuron, 2000

15 Tramdepot Basel, Switzerland, Proplaning Architekten,

16 Industrial revolution (1. part) History of Industrial Architecture

17 Events, processes: The history of industrial architecture is the history of science, economy, culture, technology. Industry: Technology: the intent activity to produce marketable products with the help of technology a process, method, with the help of which one can learn and change more and more of the surrounding world Nature-changing activity Means, resources: First only manual force, than simple machines for multipliing this: wheel, lever, pulley were available. Later also natural resources: the effects of water, wind and heat became manageable.

18 Lifting machine driven by manual force

19 Water wheel (mill, sawing-mill, smithy...)

20 Industrial revolution in England Premises: Fortunate natural circumstances, relative wealth (colonies) 1. Change of agricultural production (sheep-breeding instead of arable farming) outcome: free labour 2. Labour in the manufactures, more effective textile industry, mining 3. Growing claim of transport: channels, roads 4. Growing claim of reliable drive (instead of water or wind) 5. Cumulating economy, accumulation of capital Significant step technical innovations: Invention of the steam-engine a driving mean independent of the nature Premise: The atmospheric steam-engine (1712) of Thomas Newcomen The steam-engine (1776) of James Watt which after a number of small innovation enabled continuous function Standing steam-engines: mines, textile factories, several places Railway steamdraw: steam locomotive George Stephenson, 1825

21 Resources, conditions: great geographical discoveries in the XV.-XVII. centuries discovery, robbery of America, slavery, money-profit scientific revolution: printing Johannes Gutenberg mechanical, optical inventions Isaac Newton Descartes, Huygens, Hooke vacuum pump, barometer Otto von Guericke Bernoulli, Farenheit, Galvani, Volta the production of iron as a structural material: Abraham Darby I , mixed iron Abraham Darby III. Coalbrookdale bridge 1779 Henry Cort , rolling, Fontley mining: coal-mining, ores textile industry: automation (use of simple machineries)

22 The atmospheric steam-engine of Thomas Newcomen, 1712

23 The steam-engine of James Watt, 1776

24 The functioning of the steam-engine of James Watt

25 The steam locomotive Rocket of George Stephenson, 1825, Stockton-Darlington

26 Mixed iron oven, Henry Cort,

27 Fazola Frigyes s primeforge Újmassa, Hungary 1813

28 Bessemer konverter, 1855

29 Siemens-Martin oven, 1864

30 Modern rolling-mill

31 The bridge of the river Severn near Coalbrookdale, Pritchard, A. Darby III., 1779

32 Thomas Telford ( )

33 Longdon-on-Tern aqueduct, Shrewsbury channel, Thomas Telford, 1796

34 Pontcysyllte aqueduct, Ellesmere Canal, Wales, Thomas Telford, m long, 38 m high, 19 arches

35 Pontcysyllte aqueduct, Ellesmere Canal, Wales, Thomas Telford, m long, 38 m high, 19 arches

36 System of channels, sluices: a channel network of about 4500 km before 1830

37 Bridge at Coalport, 90 metres, Thomas Telford, 1818

38 Weaving mill in the 1830-s, a tipical outlook of a multi-storey mill

39 A tipical interior of a multi-storey mill cast-iron columns, cast-iron beams, wooden slab, brickwalls with many windows

40 Weaving mill (Lancashire) of the 1830-s inside, a tipical interior of a multi-storey mill

41 Cloude Nicolas Ledoux ( ) La saline royale, Arc-et-Senans

42 Chocolate factory Menier, Noisel-sur-Marne, near Paris, Jules Saulnier, 1872

43 Boat Store, Sheerness, England, Godfrey T. Greene,

44 Boat Store, Sheerness, England, Godfrey T. Greene,

45 Sayner Hütte foundry, Ruhrland, Karl Ludwig Althans,

46 Sayner Hütte foundry, Ruhrland, Karl Ludwig Althans,

47 Kew, Orangery, Richard Turner, 1840

48 Kew, Orangery, Richard Turner, 1840

49 Sir Joseph Paxton ( )

50 The main exhibition hall of the World Exhibition in London, Sir Joseph Paxton, 1851 length: 564m, clearance of the middle bay: 33m, whole space: m2

51 Crystal Palace, London, Sir Joseph Paxton, 1851 length: 564m, clearance of the middle bay: 33m, whole space: m2

52 Crystal Palace, London, Sir Joseph Paxton, 1851

53 Crystal Palace, London, Sir Joseph Paxton, 1851

54 Buildings with cast-iron facade, New York, James Bogardus, Daniel D. Badger, between

55 Conwy Bridge 99.7m, Conwy, North Wales, UK, Thomas Telford, 1826

56 Isambard Kingdom Brunel, chief engineer of the Great Western Railways (tunnels, bridges), gauge of 2,14 m - Paddington Station, London Royal Albert bridge, Saltash, Clifton bridge, 214 m near Bristol, ship building: SS Great Eastern the greatest steamer of his age

57 Clifton bridge, 214 m, near Bristol, Isambard Kingdom Brunel, 1864

58 Royal Albert bridge, 138 m, Saltash, Isambard Kingdom Brunel, 1859

59 Paddington Station, London, Isambard Kingdom Brunel, Wyatt, 1854

60 Chain bridge, Pest-Buda, William Tierney Clark

61 Galerie des Machines, Paris, Contamin and Dutert, 1889

62 Galerie des Machines, Paris, Contamin and Dutert, 1889

63 Galerie des Machines, 115 m, Paris, Contamin and Dutert, 1889

64 Gustave Eiffel bridges: hundreds -Rouzat viaduct -Garabit viaduct Maria Pia viaduct, Porto buildings: dozens -Tour Eiffel, Paris Western Railway Station Budapest, other engineer works: Panama Channel

65 Railway bridge at Bordeaux, France, Eiffel,

66 Maria Pia viaduct, Porto, Portugal, Eiffel, 1877

67 Garabit viaduct, France, Eiffel, 1884

68 Malleco viaduct, Chile, Eiffel, 1890

69 Tour Eiffel, Paris, Eiffel,

70 Western Railway Station, Budapest, steel construction: Eiffel, 1875

71 Firth of Forth bridge, near Edinborugh, Sir John Fowler, Sir Benjamin Baker,

72 Firth of Forth bridge, near Edinborugh, Sir John Fowler, Sir Benjamin Baker,

73 Brooklyn bridge, 486m, New York, John Augustus Roebling,

74 Vladimir Shukov, russian engineer, scientist, architect

75 National Exposition, Nyizsnij Novgorod, Vladimir Shukov, 1896, suspension steelweb structure National Exposition, Nyizsnij Novgorod, Vladimir Shukov, 1897, double bent steel lattice-shell structure

76 sources: Thank you for your attention.