International Trends in Land Administration. Land Administration

Transcription

1 Bundesamt für Landestopographie Office fédéral de topographie Ufficio federale di topografia Uffizi federal da topografia International Trends in Daniel Steudler Swiss Federal Directorate of Cadastral Surveying Table of Content Trends How to answer FIG-Seminar on e-, 2

2 Sustainable Development (1/2) "Our common Future" (Brundtland, 1987): SD as the 'development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs' protecting the natural environment improving the social situation for the poor combating poverty UN-Rio Conference on Environment and Development, 1992: world faces two major challenges: protecting the environment and alleviating poverty Rio Declaration on Environment: Agenda 21 action program for SD tripple bottom line: economic, social, environmental FIG-Seminar on e-, 3 Sustainable Development (2/2) World Summit on Social Development in Copenhagen, 1995, and World Women's Conference in Beijing, 1995: the importance of giving equal access to land and security of tenure for underrepresented groups (women, indigenous people, vulnerable groups) UN-Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II), 1996: challenge of fast-growing cities in developing countries to be mastered through proper planning, land management and security of tenure World Food Summit in Rome, 1996: underlined the importance of good management of land in providing food for the growing world population FIG-Seminar on e-, 4

3 Good Governance Global Campaign on Urban Governance (UN-Habitat, 2002) Sustainability in all dimensions of urban development Subsidiarity of authority and resources to the closest appropriate level Equity of access to decision-making processes and the basic necessities of urban life Efficiency in the delivery of public services and in promoting local economic development Transparency and accountability of decision-makers and all stakeholders Civic engagement and citizenship: empowerment and active participation of citizens in decision-making processes Security of individuals and their living environment FIG-Seminar on e-, 5 Civic Participation Evolving Relationship State-Citizen (from Magel, 2002) Model "Father State" Citizen as a subject Establishment Municipality Subjects Citizens Model "State as an entrepreneur" Citizen as a client Provider Municipality Clients Citizens Model "Activating State" Municipality as an organism in perspective of an active civic society. Citizen as a partner Municipal Council Municipal Administration Citizens, NGOs FIG-Seminar on e-, 6

4 E-Government The 4 not-so-easy steps to e-government (The Economist, 2000) 1st stage to post information about themselves one-way communication 2nd stage two-way communication, allowing citizens to provide new information about themselves, e.g. adress changes 3rd stage formal, quantifiable exchange of value to take place e.g. renewing licenses, paying a fine, enrolling for educational course, filling out tax returns, claims for benefit so far mainly on local or state level rather than central government level 4th stage portal that integrates complete range of government services based on needs and functions, not on department or agency FIG-Seminar on e-, 7 Cadastre 2014 Vision Statements Cadastre of the future will show the complete legal situation of the land, including public rights and restrictions! Separation between maps and registers will be abolished! Cadastral mapping will be dead! Long live modeling! Paper and pencil-cadastre will be gone! Cadastre 2014 will be highly privatised! Public and private sectors are working closely together! Cadastre 2014 will be cost recovering! FIG-Seminar on e-, 8

5 Summary of Trends Sustainable Development Good Governance Civic Participation E-Government C2014 Vision Statements How to answer? FIG-Seminar on e-, 9 How to answer? by establishing and achieving complete and comprehensive cadastral system by adopting a policy of data integration and sharing by the consequent use of system independent standards and data modeling by adopting two new definitions: land objects principle of legal independence FIG-Seminar on e-, 10

6 Answer 1: Complete and comprehensive cadastral system complete coverage (information systems, not isolated cadastral patchwork) comprehensive coverage one unique cadastral system, not several parallel systems (private-public, urban-rural, forest, etc.) comprehensive content (all land related legal issues, private rights as well as public restrictions/responsibilities) FIG-Seminar on e-, 11 Today's handling of private- & public-law law arrangements Private-law property rights and encumbrances Public-lawlaw arrangements Boundary definition by agreement Verification of boundaries Verification of property right Registration Rights and restrictions in particular land use zone Restriction area of old hazardous waste Restriction zone of noise protection Water protection zone My parcel Boundary definition by political and administrative decisions transparent Boundary definition very high Legal security positive FIG-Seminar on e-, 12 Innsbruck, Austria, 2-4June Impact 2004 on value preservation not transparent weak negative

7 Today's handling of private- & public-law law arrangements Boundary definition by agreement Verification of boundaries Verification of property right Registration My parcel Private-law property rights and encumbrances Public-lawlaw arrangements Boundary definition by political and administrative decisions Verification Registration transparent Boundary definition very high Legal security positive FIG-Seminar on e-, 13 Innsbruck, Austria, 2-4June Impact 2004 on value preservation transparent high positive Answer 2: Data integration and sharing issue nowadays is about information systems, which are supposed to provide service to users avoidance of double data acquisition (acquire once use many times) cost efficiency transparency easy access Revenue [million SEK] Revenue generated from Swedish LDBS queries (LMV, 1998) FIG-Seminar on e-, 14

8 Name NumPos OPTIONAL attribute name Identifier together with another attribute) Origin -> PROJOwnershipPosition Object -> PROJOwnership 1 m mc Parcel 1 Object -> OwnershipMaintenance 1 mc Date3 c c Ownership Validity 1 1 DistinctRight Object -> 1 mc 1 m LimitPoint Origin SymbolOrientation OwnershipPosition Object -> Answer 3: Consequent use of standardized data modelling technique Control points Land cover Single objects Heights Local names Ownership Pipelines >5bar Administrative subdivisions Information Layers (Possibility to realise the layers separately) OPTIONAL Table with table name Attribute that is unique within the table of one topic (exceptionally Attribute that relates with another table (relational attribute) OSKey -> Number Geometry Origin NumberPosition NumberOrientation NumberHorizontalAlignment NumberVerticalAlignment Geometry Surface Identifier Description Perimeter Validity Date1 Date2 OSKey -> Number Origin Class Geometry Surface Data Model (UML) (Entity-Relationship-Diagram) OSKey -> Identifier Geometry PositionPrecision PositionReliability PointSymbol NumberPosition NumberOrientation NumberHorizontalAlignment NumberVerticalAlignment TRANSFER Data_ Catalogue; MODEL Basic_Data_Set DOMAIN LKoord = COORD ; HKoord = COORD ; Height = DIM ; Precision = [ ]; Reliability = (yes, no); LetterOrientation = GRADS ; Status = (planned, valid); TOPIC Control_Points =... END Control_Points; TOPIC Land_Cover =... END Land_Cover; TOPIC Ownership = DOMAIN Monumentation = (border_stone, plastic_peg, cross, not_monumented); OwnershipType = (parcel, distinct_right, construction_right, water_source_ right); TABLE LimitPoint = OSKey: OPTIONAL -> OwnershipMaintenance; Identifier: OPTIONAL TEXT*12; Geometry: LKoord; PositionPrecision: Precision; PositionReliability: Reliability; Origin: OPTIONAL TEXT*30; SymbolOrientation: OPTIONAL LetterOrientation;!! Default: 0.0 IDENT Geometry; END LimitPoint; END Ownership. END Basic_Data_Set. Data Description Language XML / INTERLIS (system independent) FIG-Seminar on e-, 15 Benefits for using standardized data modeling techniques data and information exchange across different systems without information loss basis for system-independent tendering process (product- rather than method-oriented) basis for flexible, efficient and comprehensive information systems quality checking and assurance long-time archiving FIG-Seminar on e-, 16

9 Answer 4: Adopt two new definitions Definition of "Land Objects" Land Parcel A land parcel is a piece of land with defined boundaries, on which a property right of an individual or legal person applies. Land Object A land object is a piece of land in which homogenous conditions exist within its boundaries. A legal land object is described by the legal content of a right or restriction and the boundaries which demarcate where the right or restriction applies. FIG-Seminar on e-, 17 FIG-Seminar on e-, 18

10 FIG-Seminar on e-, 19 FIG-Seminar on e-, 20

11 FIG-Seminar on e-, 21 FIG-Seminar on e-, 22

12 FIG-Seminar on e-, 23 FIG-Seminar on e-, 24

13 Answer 4: Adopt two new definitions Principle of "Legal Independence" Legal topic spatial data textual data Stakeholders (data owners) Water protection Local government Noise protection Local government Environmental protection Environmental department Land use planning Planning department Indigenous land rights Tribe, clan Collective land rights Corporations Land ownership, cadastre National government State government Local government FIG-Seminar on e-, 25 Property parcel #: 1234 Easement: parcel 1235 Building #: A445 Building permit: lease Land-use zone: Residential 2- floors Water protection zone: no oil tank permitted Hazardous waste area: old petrol station FIG-Seminar on e-, 26