Renaissance

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Aubrey Hoover
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Renaissance 1420 1600 Stressed clarity, logic and

science and technology Backward to Ancient Greek and

printing press 1450 New Worlds discovered Columbus

Last Supper 1495 Copernicus Sun was the center of the

1 Renaissance Stressed clarity, logic and flat straight lines Old and New collided Forward to science and technology Backward to Ancient Greek and Roman Renaissance Gutenberg invents printing press 1450 New Worlds discovered Columbus discovers America 1492 Leonardo da Vinci paints the Last Supper 1495 Copernicus Sun was the center of the Universe 1543 Shakespeare s Hamlet performed 1600 ImagePage 1 of 70

2 Fillippo Brunelleschi Builder / Architect of the Dome of Florence Cathedral ImagePage 4 of 70

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25 BCE 213 AD One of the last great Pagan Temples Portico: Corinthian granite columns by Agrippa (25 BCE) 120 124AD Hadrian

7 Dome of Florence Cathedral 1412 Dome is 138 across He studied Pantheon Built circular course of brick tapering at top, each course supports the next A double shell covered of brick in a herringbone pattern, reinforced by ribs and metal bands Pantheon: 25 BCE 213 AD One of the last great Pagan Temples Portico: Corinthian granite columns by Agrippa (25 BCE) AD Hadrian built the rotunda, with an occulus at the highest point, an opening through which the sun shines ww w. Har py. ucc. edu ImagePage 9 of 70

8 Pantheon: 25 BCE 213 AD 142 spherical rotunda with a 30 oculus, height of dome equals diameter of the floor plan (in theory could hold a sphere). Coffered ceiling: once embellished with stucco, was introduced to reduce weight. ww w. Har py. ucc. edu ImagePage 10 of 70

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Pantheon: 25 BCE 213 AD 21 walls built of

10 Pantheon: 25 BCE 213 AD 21 walls built of concrete sandwiched between layers of brick, sheathed in marble veneer Pantheon: 25 BCE 213 AD Built with 8 great recesses 7 for major gods and 1 for the entrance ww w. Har py. ucc. edu ww w. Har py. ucc. edu ImagePage 12 of 70

11 Pantheon: 25 BCE 213 AD: Its monumental size is unparalleled by any other masonry structure up to now ww w. Har py. ucc. edu ImagePage 13 of 70

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13 Dome of Florence Cathedral 1412 Lantern acts as a capstone to hold the dome together and prevent spread Dome of Florence Cathedral 1412 ImagePage 15 of 70

14 Dome of Florence Cathedral 1412 Foundling Hospital Brunelleschi, Florence 1st true Renaissance building Horizontal emphasis & clear mathematical proportions ImagePage 16 of 70

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17 Foundling Hospital Brunelleschi, Florence Columns of Loggia (porch created by arcade) are spaced as far apart as they are tall Arch is half as tall as column dome forms cube ImagePage 20 of 70

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Foundling Hospital 1419 24 Brunelleschi, Florence Rational modules and

and scientist, studied Greek, Latin and law Designed buildings and

1452 that reasoned harmony of all parts achieved in such a manner that

20 Foundling Hospital Brunelleschi, Florence Rational modules and classicalism Leon Battista Alberti Painter, mathematician and scientist, studied Greek, Latin and law Designed buildings and left the construction to others Wrote the 10 books of Architecture 1452 that reasoned harmony of all parts achieved in such a manner that nothing could be taken away or altered except for the worse. ImagePage 23 of 70

21 Santa Maria Novella 1458 Leon Battista Alberti, Florence, Italy Added façade Based on geometric shapes circle and square Whole façade fits inside of square ImagePage 24 of 70

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23 Santa Maria Novella 1458 Leon Battista Alberti, Florence, Italy Lower level is composed of two squares Upper level = lower level San Andrea, Mantua 1472 Leon Battista Alberti Combination of triumphal arch and temple front Latin cross plan without side aisles ImagePage 26 of 70

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28 San Andrea, Mantua 1472 Leon Battista Alberti Coffered barrel vault sense of inner space Palatial Homes Private homes for the rich and noble families New trend ImagePage 32 of 70

29 Palazzo Rucellai, Leon Battista Alberti, Florence Built around an inner courtyard surrounded by arched arcades Service shops on ground floor, 2nd = family, 3rd = servants ImagePage 33 of 70

30 Palazzo Rucellai, Leon Battista Alberti 3 superimposed orders of Pilasters on each floor on the façade Became basic form for urban blocks throughout Europe ImagePage 34 of 70

Trained as an artist Tempietto, Rome 1502 Donato Bramante Doric peristyle and steps

31 After 1500 the movement of the Renaissance went to Rome The city was in ruins due to many invasions Rome s revival was due to Pope Julius II ( ) Donato Bramante, Trained as an artist Tempietto, Rome 1502 Donato Bramante Doric peristyle and steps surrounding a cylinder 15 diameter Height = width Strict geometry of Greek prototype ImagePage 35 of 70

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33 Tempietto, Rome 1502 Donato Bramante ImagePage 37 of 70

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Raphael 1483 1520 Renaissance Painter Architect the last six years

started escaping the city to the country Villa Madama, 1517

37 Raphael Renaissance Painter Architect the last six years of his life Designed: 3 palaces, 1 chapel and 1 villa Romans started escaping the city to the country Villa Madama, 1517 Raphael Modeled after Nero s Golden House Circular courtyard ImagePage 41 of 70

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40 Villa Madama, 1517 Raphael Terraced gardens, theater Villa Madama, 1517 Raphael Wealth of niches, pilasters and swags Painted stucco in the vaults of the loggia Soaring dome ImagePage 44 of 70

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Buonarroti Michelangelo 1475 1564 Sculptor architect at the age of

of sculptural solids and voids Designed in the Mannerism style:

42 Buonarroti Michelangelo Sculptor architect at the age of 70 He approached architecture as an ensemble of buildings as a mass of sculptural solids and voids Designed in the Mannerism style: protested the sterile rationalism and classical order ImagePage 46 of 70

43 Buonarroti Michelangelo Sculptor architect at the age of 70 ImagePage 47 of 70

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47 Laurentian Library, 1524 Buonarroti Michelangelo Disregards renaissance ideas of balance and proportion Treated walls as motion Triple staircase occupying most of the room ImagePage 52 of 70

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Andrea Palladio 1508 1580 Trained as a stone mason Went

Wrote the Four Books of Architecture Used as the

52 Andrea Palladio Trained as a stone mason Went to Rome to measure ruins, study math, music and Latin Wrote the Four Books of Architecture Used as the universal prototype throughout Europe and America ImagePage 58 of 70

Symmetry, Clarity and Proportions Villa Rotunda, 1560 Andrea

53 Villa Rotunda, 1560 Andrea Palladio Identical temple porticos face all 4 sides of the building Principal room is the center lit by dome Symmetry, Clarity and Proportions Villa Rotunda, 1560 Andrea Palladio Top of hill with views from all rooms Site Planning ImagePage 59 of 70

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Peters, 1546 64 1st plan drawn by Bramante The role of the

56 Villa Rotunda, 1560 Andrea Palladio Principal room is the center lit by dome St. Peters, st plan drawn by Bramante The role of the Orders, first purely decorative (Bramante), then structural (Raphael, Michelangelo) ImagePage 63 of 70

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St. Peters, 1546 64 The dome, first with a single masonry

58 St. Peters, The dome, first with a single masonry shell (Bramante), then a double one (Sangallo, Michelangelo). The piers intended to support the dome, were too slender in Bramante's plan, they were reinforced. ImagePage 65 of 70

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Key Notions. Timeline 23/09/2018. Renaissance Architecture. Or, The Conquest of Spatial Reality

Key Notions. Timeline 23/09/2018. Renaissance Architecture. Or, The Conquest of Spatial Reality 1401-02 Sacrifice of Isaac 1420-1436 Dome of Florence Cathedral 1436 Alberti publishes Della Pintura 1455 Gutenberg prints the bible 1480-81 Santa Maria presso San Satiro 1492 Columbus reaches the West