Meeting Report. Le Corbusier s Three Museums: A Workshop on Their Care and Conservation

Transcription

1 Meeting Reprt Le Crbusier s Three Museums: A Wrkshp n Their Care and Cnservatin 4 6 February, 2018, Mill Owner s Building, Ahmedabad, India, and 8 February, 2018, Gvernment Museum and Art Gallery, Chandigarh, India Ana Paula Arat Gnçalves, Chandler McCy, and Susan Macdnald

2

3 Le Crbusier s Three Museums: A Wrkshp n Their Care and Cnservatin 4 6 February 2018, Mill Owners Building, Ahmedabad, India, and 8 February 2018, Gvernment Museum and Art Gallery, Chandigarh, India Ana Paula Arat Gnçalves, Chandler McCy, and Susan Macdnald THE GETTY CONSERVATION INSTITUTE LOS ANGELES

4 2019 J. Paul Getty Trust The Getty Cnservatin Institute 1200 Getty Center Drive, Suite 700 Ls Angeles, CA United States Telephne Fax ISBN: (nline resurce) The Getty Cnservatin Institute (GCI) wrks internatinally t advance cnservatin practice in the visual arts bradly interpreted t include bjects, cllectins, architecture, and sites. The Institute serves the cnservatin cmmunity thrugh scientific research, educatin and training, field prjects, and the disseminatin f infrmatin. In all its endeavrs, the GCI creates and delivers knwledge that cntributes t the cnservatin f the wrld s cultural heritage. Frnt cver: Gvernment Museum and Art Gallery, Chandigarh, India. Pht: Getty Cnservatin Institute, 2018.

5 Cntents Acknwledgments 5 Intrductin 6 Wrkshp Overview 12 The Wrkshp Exercises: Applying the Cnservatin Methdlgy t the Three Museums 16 Cllective Statement f Significance and Cnservatin Recmmendatins 28 Cnclusin 30 Appendix A: Wrkshp Agenda 32 Appendix B: Participants Bigraphies 36 Appendix C: GCI Cnservatin Planning Prcess 42 Appendix D: Exercise 1 (Assessing Significance) 44 Appendix E: Exercise 2 (Write the Statement f Significance) 46 Appendix F: Exercise 3 (Cnservatin Principles and Plicies) 48 Appendix G: Exercise 4 (Cnservatin Pririties) 50 Appendix H: References fr Further Research 52

6 Acknwledgments The authrs wuld like t acknwledge the peple and institutins that cntributed t the realizatin f the wrkshp, Le Crbusier s Three Museums: A Wrkshp n their Care and Cnservatin, and t this reprt. First we wuld like t thank all wrkshp participants fr their willingness t share their knwledge, and their penness t discussing the challenges they face and hw best t preserve these significant buildings and cllectins. We are especially thankful t the institutins that cllabrated in planning and hsting the wrkshp: Ahmedabad Municipal Crpratin, Ahmedabad Textile Mills Assciatin, and Gvernment Museum and Art Gallery f Chandigarh. We wuld als like t thank B. V. Dshi fr sharing his memries and wisdm with the grup. Finally, we wuld like t thank GCI staff members Sara Galerne and Reem Bardy, wh helped plan, crdinate, and implement the event, Gail Ostergren, wh cpyedited this reprt, and GCI graduate intern Megan DiNia fr her help frmatting the final publicatin. 5

7 Intrductin Wrld-renwned Swiss architect Le Crbusier (Charles-Éduard Jeanneret) was ne f the funders f the Mdern Mvement and ne f the first architects t have a glbal practice. During his lng and influential career, he designed nly three museums, all lcated in Asia. All three were nearly identical versins f a single ideal prttype he called Musée à crissance illimitée the Museum f Unlimited Grwth. He first intrduced the idea in his 1929 prpsal fr the Mundaneum, which cntained a museum intended as a wrld repsitry f human knwledge t be built in Geneva. Le Crbusier further develped this cncept fr ten years, culminating in the prttype cncept, which std in ppsitin t the traditinal museum frm and image. His Museum f Unlimited Grwth champined the idea f the museum as a dynamic gathering space fr research and ther cultural activities. Althugh first intrduced as an idea in 1939, he did nt have the chance t realize his visin until the 1950s, first in Ahmedabad, India, then in Tky, Japan, and finally in Chandigarh, India. These three designs were similar in frm, size, and plan, but differed in their adaptatin t the lcal climates, building materials, and specific building prgrams. It shuld als be nted that the Japanese building was designed t huse a specific cllectin, while the ther tw unprgrammed when they were designed were created like empty bxes fr the display f art. Each f these museums is significant fr its individual characteristics, such as use, histry, and setting, but is als significant as part f a unique series f buildings designed by Le Crbusier. Althugh each f them is recgnized in sme way as histrically r architecturally significant and is listed by its lcal gvernment, they are currently in different physical cnditins and in different stages f cnservatin planning. In Ahmedabad, the Sanskar Kendra (1954) has just started the prcess f imprving the current cnditin f the building, which is experiencing a high degree f deteriratin and lw visitr numbers. In Tky, the Natinal Museum f Western Art (1959) has a wellestablished cnservatin methdlgy in place fr bth the building and cllectins. It is currently in excellent cnditin, despite the additins and changes that have taken place thrugh the years t expand the capacity f the riginal building. In Chandigarh, the Gvernment Museum and Art Gallery (1968) is in fair cnditin and is in the midst f develping a cnservatin management plan (CMP) supprted by a Keeping It Mdern Grant frm the Getty Fundatin. In February 2018, the Getty Cnservatin Institute (GCI) brught these institutins tgether fr a wrkshp t learn frm ne anther s experiences in dealing with Le Crbusier s museum prttype. The wrkshp was designed t advance each museum s cnservatin prgram and t create a netwrk. The gal was t bring tgether the stewards f the three museums t discuss their shared issues and their unique situatins, and t examine hw a cnservatin planning prcess adpted by the GCI, based n established internatinal cnservatin planning prcesses, culd guide their nging care. 6

8 7 The guiding principle fr this event was the need fr each f these museums t think hlistically abut bth its building and cllectin. The buildings themselves are culturally significant and they are used t huse and display significant cllectins, which als require certain envirnmental standards fr their preservatin. The GCI cllabrated with the Ahmedabad Municipal Crpratin and the Gvernment Museum and Art Gallery in Chandigarh t rganize a wrkshp abut the cnservatin f the three Le Crbusier-designed museums. This event started in Ahmedabad n February 4, 2018, and cncluded in Chandigarh n February 8, In Ahmedabad, the venue fr the wrkshp was the Mill Owners Building (designed by Le Crbusier in 1951), and in Chandigarh, the Gvernment Museum. The wrkshp cnvened representatives frm the three museums, the Fndatin Le Crbusier, and the Getty Cnservatin Institute. The wrkshp was rganized under the auspices f tw current initiatives f the GCI: the Cnserving Mdern Architecture Initiative (CMAI), which aims t advance the practice f cnserving twentieth-century heritage; and the Managing Cllectin Envirnments Initiative (MCE), which aims t infrm envirnmental strategies fr cllectins, taking int cnsideratin the types f buildings and envirnmental systems that will sustain climatic cnditins and acknwledging that any strategy will have t be an integral part f heritage preservatin as a whle. Early in the event, it became clear that because the three buildings are expressins f the same architect s museum prttype, they share cmmn significance. On the ther hand, the three are very different in terms their built frms, cllectins, and settings, and the rganizatins that manage them, s they als have individual significances. Thus, each museum develped its wn statement f significance. A statement f cllective significance was als drafted as a wrkshp utcme. This will be especially useful t the tw Indian museums, which are beginning t plan their cnservatin strategies. Anther imprtant utcme f this wrkshp was the creatin f a cllegial netwrk f museum prfessinals. Each f the wrkshp participants left with an expanded understanding f their wn museum s heritage and an appreciatin fr their sibling museums. The grup has cmmitted t cntinue sharing infrmatin abut cmmn issues and cncerns and will seek ways t recnvene. Gals f the wrkshp The wrkshp sught t achieve a number f gals including t: supprt the cnservatin f the three museums designed and built by Le Crbusier; help frm a netwrk f the three museums, raise their prfiles, and enhance cnservatin and management f the buildings and their cllectins by sharing methdlgies and experiences; understand the museums significance, cnservatin, challenges, and management structures; identify vulnerabilities and threats t the museums;

9 8 cnsider plicies and appraches t interpreting, using, cnserving, and managing museums and their cllectins when the buildings themselves are cre cmpnents f the cllectins; and discuss hw stewardship f a significant building relates t the curatrial, cnservatin, and administrative prcesses f the museum. Participating Institutins In additin t the GCI, the rganizer f the event, the meeting cnvened the three museums and the Fndatin Le Crbusier. Fndatin Le Crbusier, Paris, France The Fndatin Le Crbusier was represented by its directr. The Fndatin was established by Le Crbusier prir t his death in rder t maintain and manage his archive. Tday, the Fndatin cntinues t maintain this archive and als acts as resurce fr schlarship n Le Crbusier, as well as a prmter and prtectr f his legacy. Sanskar Kendra, Ahmedabad, India, 1954 The Sanskar Kendra building (fig. 1) is in pr physical cnditin and in recent years has seen decreasing visitatin. Its cllectin is divided int tw themes: traditinal kites and the city f Ahmedabad. It was designed by Le Crbusier as a cultural center, at the request f the Ahmedabad Municipal Crpratin, t symblize the mdern city. Lcated n the west bank f the Sabarmati river, the building was t be part f a cultural cmplex designed by Le Crbusier, but nly the museum was built. The prpsed cmplex included a cnference hall, library, restaurant, exhibitin annexes fr different subjects, and an auditrium, in additin t the museum. In the 1960s, Balkrishna Vithaldas (B. V.) Dshi, wh wrked fr Le Crbusier and participated in Sanskar Kendra s cnstructin, wuld design an amphitheater, Tagre Hall, lcated n the site that Le Crbusier had reserved fr an auditrium. FIGURE 1 Sanskar Kendra, Ahmedabad, India, in Pht: Getty Cnservatin Institute.

10 9 Dshi was als respnsible fr the mst recent exhibit design, which is fcused n the histry f the city f Ahmedabad. Sanskar Kendra has recently been listed by the Ahmedabad Municipal Crpratin; as f this writing, its listing has nt yet been ratified by the state. This museum is currently underging an institutinal rerganizatin prcess, s it was represented at the wrkshp by senir fficers frm the Ahmedabad Municipal Crpratin s heritage ffice, ntable lcal architects with experience in heritage cnservatin, and an experienced exhibit designer. Natinal Museum f Western Art, Tky, Japan, 1959 The Natinal Museum f Western Art (NMWA) (fig. 2) is lcated at Uen Park in Tky, which acts as a hub fr many f the city s cultural institutins. NMWA s missin is t prvide the public with an pprtunity t appreciate Western art. Its cre cllectin, the Matsukata Cllectin, was assembled in Eurpe and came int the French gvernment s pssessin during Wrld War II; it was returned t Japan in 1959 as a sign f friendship. That same year, the cllectin was installed in the building, designed by Le Crbusier, wh was already very influential in Japanese mdern architecture. Three yung Japanese architects, Junz Sakakura, Kuni Maekawa, and Takamasa Yshizaka, wh had trained with Le Crbusier in his Paris ffice, wrked n the realizatin f this prject. They later became significant architects in their wn rights in Japan. Le Crbusier initially planned the museum as part f a larger cultural cmplex, but the adjacent buildings were never realized. FIGURE 2 Natinal Museum f Western Art, Tky, Japan. Pht: Natinal Museum f Western Art. Since its inauguratin, the museum has been ppular with the public. Over time, the building underwent changes and additins t accmmdate the expanding cllectin and increasing visitr numbers, mre space fr special exhibitins (the main public draw), and the need fr increased security, seismic safety, and enhanced envirnmental cntrl fr better cnservatin f the cllectin. These mdificatins, including a new wing designed by Kuni Maekawa in 1979, were executed as respectfully f Le Crbusier s building as

11 10 pssible. The museum s management is very cnscius f its status as an icnic building, which has resulted in special public prgrams that include architecture turs and exhibitins n Le Crbusier. The team frm the NMWA was headed by its deputy directr and chief curatr. The cllectin assciated with this museum is cnsidered t be the mst significant cllectin f Western art in Asia. The museum itself was ne f seventeen sites inscribed n the Wrld Heritage List in 2016 as a transnatinal serial listing, the Architectural Wrk f Le Crbusier. The Gvernment Museum and Art Gallery, Chandigarh, India, 1968 The Gvernment Museum and Art Gallery in Chandigarh, India (fig. 3), cmpleted in 1968, was the last museum in this series. The whle city f Chandigarh was designed by Le Crbusier as the new capital fr the Indian state f Punjab. The museum itself is part f the cultural cmplex that Le Crbusier planned fr Sectr 10, which was nly partially implemented. Chandigarh is a mecca fr architects cming t see the mst cmplete built expressin f Le Crbusier s urbanism. The histry f the museum and its cllectin is linked t the 1947 partitin f British India int tw independent cuntries: India and Pakistan. Punjab prvince was divided between the tw new republics, and the cllectin f the gvernment s museum in Lahre was als split between the tw cuntries. The main part f the cllectin that went t Chandigarh was cmpsed f highly praised Gandhara sculptures and Indian miniature paintings. Nwadays, the Gvernment Museum als cllects and exhibits cntemprary Indian art. In additin, the museum s library has a cllectin that includes archival dcuments abut the cnstructin f the city. FIGURE 3 Gvernment Museum and Art Gallery, Chandigarh, India, in Pht: Getty Cnservatin Institute. The building s pen circulatin plan ffers multiple rutes t visitrs, wh experience galleries that are naturally lit (frm windws and frm verhead clerestries) and naturally ventilated. Adjacent t the main building, there is an auditrium and what was riginally a wrkshp, bth f which take architectural frms that are different frm the main building. The wrkshp is currently used fr special exhibitins and as a cnservatin labratry. A distinctive rainwater cllectin system is made f multiple gargyles lcated between the clerestries. These cllect rftp rainwater int t a main channel, where anther gargyle prjects far frm the building, discharging water int a pl in the plaza belw.

12 11 The mnumental gvernment buildings f the Chandigarh Capitl Cmplex are included in the 2016 Wrld Heritage transnatinal Le Crbusier listing, but the Gvernment Art Museum is nt. It is, hwever, lcally designated and very much acknwledged as a mdern architectural icn. The team frm the Gvernment Museum was led by its deputy curatr. This museum is in the early stages f frmulating a CMP, which will guide its future actins in cnserving bth the building and the cllectins. Wrkshp Participants Getty Cnservatin Institute Susan Macdnald, Head, Buildings and Sites Kathleen Dardes, Head, Cllectins Chandler McCy, Senir Prject Specialist, Buildings and Sites Ana Paula Arat Gnçalves, Prfessinal Fellw, Buildings and Sites Reem Bardy, Prject Assciate, Cllectins Fndatin Le Crbusier Brigitte Buvier, Directr Natinal Museum f Western Art Hirya Murakami, Deputy Directr and Chief Curatr Ky Fukuda, Specialist (architecture), General Affairs Divisin Nami Hemuki, Cnservatr and Head f the Cnservatin Sectin, Curatrial Divisin Azu Kubta, Assciate Curatr f Research and Future Planning, Curatrial Divisin Gvernment Museum and Art Gallery Seema Gera, Deputy Curatr, Gvernment Museum and Art Gallery Sangeeta Bagga Metha, Principal, Chandigarh Cllege f Architecture Shikha Jain, Directr, Develpment and Research Organisatin fr Nature, Arts and Heritage (DRONAH) Sanskar Kendra Prabhat Kumar Ghsh, IAS (Rtd.), Chairman f Heritage Cnservatin Cmmittee (HCC) fr Ahmedabad P. K. Vasudevan Nair, Deputy General Manager, Ahmedabad Municipal Crpratin Rabindra Vasavada, Architect, funder and frmer prfessr and head f the Pstgraduate Prgram in Cnservatin Studies and Centre fr Cnservatin Studies at CEPT University, Ahmedabad Ashish V. Trambadia. Cnservatin architect, funder f Ashish and Pnam Trambadia Vandana Raj, Museum cnsultant, funder f Vama Cmmunicatins

13 Wrkshp Overview The wrkshp invlved site visits, lectures, discussins, and exercises (the wrkshp agenda appears in appendix A). It als included a public lecture and panel discussin in Ahmedabad. The GCI gave lectures and led the wrkshp participants in exercises designed t guide them thrugh the cnservatin planning prcess. Wrkshp participants presented lectures abut their buildings and were able t tur the tw Indian museums (participant bigraphies appear in appendix B). Fr bth buildings and cllectins, participants cmpared the museums characteristics and discussed cnservatin issues. This prcess helped the participants identify what is significant abut each museum and the ptential threats t significance, and develp plicies and practices t cnserve significance. Day One On February 4, 2018, participants gathered in Ahmedabad at the Sanskar Kendra t hear a lecture abut the museum by renwned architect B. V. Dshi (2018 Laureate f the Pritzker Architecture Prize). Dshi spke frm his perspective as ne f the lcal architects engaged by Le Crbusier in the design and cnstructin f Sanskar Kendra. He discussed the design cncept fr the building, which was created as a gathering space and cultural center that was part f a larger cmplex, but with n specific cllectin in mind. It was evident frm Dshi s lecture that Le Crbusier was cncerned with adapting his prttype t the lcal climate and building materials, making this a pineering example f sustainable architecture. At the same time, the building attracted the curisity f the ppulatin and symblized a new Ahmedabad due t its mdern design. FIGURE 4 Architect B. V. Dshi talks t wrkshp participants abut the Sanskar Kendra. Left t right: Brigitte Buvier, B. V. Dshi, Susan Macdnald, Chandler McCy, and Rabindra Vasavada. Pht: Getty Cnservatin Institute. 12

14 13 Wrkshp Overview Fllwing his lecture (fig. 4), Dshi led a visit thrugh the building. Participants bserved that it retains mst f its riginal cnfiguratin, althugh ad hc elements have been added ver the years; the hydrpnic rf garden and climbing plants envisined by Le Crbusier are nt there (the extent t which these riginal designs were implemented is unclear). During the visit, participants were able t bserve the advanced degradatin f certain building elements in expsed reinfrced cncrete and the display f bjects illustrating the culture f Ahmedabad. It was als pssible t bserve that the museum grunds are actively used fr cultural events, as a mnth-lng art festival was taking place. Day Tw The first full day f the wrkshp (February 5) was fcused n understanding the significance f each museum. Participants gathered at the Mill Owners Building, anther Le Crbusier-designed masterpiece in Ahmedabad. Fllwing intrductin f the tw GCI initiatives that rganized the wrkshp, the directr f the Fndatin Le Crbusier, Brigitte Buvier, delivered a talk n the rganizatin s missin, the impact f Le Crbusier s wrk, and his cncept fr the Museum f Unlimited Grwth. Each participant team gave a presentatin abut their museum s histry, building, cllectin, and visitr experience. Susan Macdnald, head f GCI s Buildings and Sites department, presented a lecture n assessing significance in heritage places and explained the GCI s cnservatin planning methdlgy (see appendix c). This was fllwed by a grup exercise in which the representatives f each museum defined its significance. Next, GCI staff mderated a discussin n the three museums significances, which fcused n the heritage values shared by all, and the ways this cllective significance strengthened them. The GCI subsequently prduced a cllective statement f significance fr the three museums, based n the results f the discussins. The day ended with a tur f the Mill Owners Building (fig. 5) led by Abhinava Shukla, current secretary general f the Ahmedabad Textile Mills Assciatin, wh is respnsible fr the building s care. FIGURE 5 Wrkshp participants turing the Mill Owners Building. Pht: Getty Cnservatin Institute.

15 14 Wrkshp Overview Day Three The third day f the wrkshp (February 6) was fcused n cnservatin challenges. Susan Macdnald delivered a presentatin n the identificatin f threats and pprtunities during the develpment f a cnservatin management plan. Each participating team presented their museum s building and cllectin challenges, discussing issues like envirnmental management, public visitatin, and material deteriratin. GCI staff mderated rundtable discussins t help participants identify shared issues and threats t significance, as well as pprtunities (fig. 6). In the early evening, a public lecture was held, during which a representative f each institutin gave a presentatin: Brigitte Buvier frm the Fndatin Le Crbusier; Hirya Murakami f the Natinal Museum f Western Art; Sangeeta Bagga Metha frm the Gvernment Museum and Art Gallery; and B. V. Dshi fr the Sanskar Kendra (fig. 7). Mukesh Kumar, wh was at the time the Municipal Cmmissiner f Ahmedabad, made the pening remarks, and Susan Macdnald mderated a panel discussin. FIGURE 6 Wrkshp participants jin in a rundtable discussin at the Mill Owners Building. Pht: Ahmedabad Municipal Crpratin. FIGURE 7 B. V. Dshi giving a lecture abut the Sanskar Kendra Museum. Pht: Ahmedabad Municipal Crpratin.

16 15 Wrkshp Overview Day Fur On February 7, the furth day f the wrkshp, the grup traveled frm Ahmedabad t Chandigarh and visited the Gvernment Museum and Art Gallery. Seema Gera, deputy curatr, led the participants thrugh the building, pinting ut the character-defining elements, the main bjects in the cllectin, and challenges in recnciling the apprpriate display f bjects with riginal architectural and exhibit design features. Despite sme later, unsympathetic additins t the building, the participants experienced the quality f the internal spaces and bserved the large amunt f extant riginal fabric, such as the aeratrs, a Le Crbusier-designed natural ventilatin element. At the end f the tur, participants witnessed the sealing f the main entrance s lck with ht wax stamped with a seal bearing the name f the persn verseeing the clsure f the museum. This ceremnial security measure, which is repeated every day when the building clses, was established after a theft ccurred in FIGURE 8 Representatives frm NMWA develp advice n cnservatin planning. Left t right: Ky Fukuda, Takashi On (translatr), Azu Kubta, Nami Hemuki, and Hirya Murakami. Pht: Getty Cnservatin Institute. Day Five The wrkshp s final day (February 8), fcused n the develpment f cnservatin principles and plicies. Kathleen Dardes, head f GCI s Cllectins department, started the day by giving a presentatin abut the relatinship between museum cllectins and their buildings, which was fllwed by a discussin. Hirya Murakami presented the NMWA s preservatin and utilizatin plan, which guides the care f that museum s significant histric building and garden. In the afternn, Susan Macdnald gave a lecture n establishing cnservatin plicies, fllwed by a grup exercise where the Indian museums were asked t develp cnservatin plicies based n their significance and challenges. The NMWA team was asked t identify pints f advice t assist the thers in the develpment f a successful cnservatin plan (fig. 8). In the final exercise, each team was asked t identify pririty actins. The wrkshp wrapped up with a discussin that gave participants the pprtunity t share thughts n what they had learned frm the wrkshp.

17 The Wrkshp Exercises: Applying the Cnservatin Methdlgy t the Three Museums Over the curse f the wrkshp, participants frm the three museums engaged in facilitated grup activities, presentatins, and discussins that fcused n assessing the significance f each museum. They als engaged in exercises t identify vulnerabilities that threaten the museums and pprtunities fr imprving the museums. What fllws is a summary f the discussins and utcmes f the exercises the three teams cmpleted, including the issues and cncerns they identified relating t their respective museums. Assessing Significance After the lecture n significance by Susan Macdnald, participants brke int grups accrding t the museum they represented. Discussins were mderated by a GCI team member and fcused n identifying each site s main elements, defining the site s cultural significance, and identifying the elements that cntribute t that significance. The results fr Exercise 1 (Assessing Significance), as presented by each grup, appear belw. Appendix D cntains the utline and instructins fr this exercise. Natinal Museum f Western Art ELEMENTS Building and Additins: Main Structure designed by Le Crbusier (significant) Exterir: changes t materials, but unchanged design Interir: grund flr substantially changed (tangible) First flr: small change (tangible); n change t the riginal design r spatial character Secnd flr Undergrund Natural daylight (significant) Tables (significant) 1979 New Wing designed by Kuni Maekawa (significant) 1997 Special Exhibit Wing Frecurt: Tw terraces (significant) Gate Wall 16

18 17 The Wrkshp Exercises: Applying the Cnservatin Methdlgy t the Three Museums Lines n pavement (significant) Sculptures (significant) Garden Cllectin: Matsukata Cllectin (370 pieces) (significant) Eurpean cllectin f apprximately 5000 bjects (significant) Wrks n depsit by Le Crbusier (significant) SIGNIFICANCE A wrk f Le Crbusier Mst imprtant cllectin f Eurpean art in Asia Significant wrk f mdern architecture in Japan Wrk f imprtant Japanese architects, especially Kuni Maekawa Imprtant symbl f the relatinship between France and Japan Imprtant cultural center in Uen Park Mecca fr architects Use f Le Crbusier s Mdulr system pst 1950 First base islatin applied t histric building in Japan Mst accessible museum in Tky The building maintains riginal design and intangible character Gvernment Museum and Art Gallery ELEMENTS Landscape and setting City: Sectr 10 cultural sectr Sectr: psitining f museum within cultural cre Site: plaza, water bdies, and utdr display and vegetatin, bicycle parking (this last element is currently missing, but shuld be restred). Nncntributing element: funtain. Building Exterir Interir Open plan and spaces Building envelpe (expsed cncrete, brick tile cladding) Piltis upn which the cubid flats Undulatry glazing Sawtth skylights Balcnies and aeratrs Clerestry windws Gargyles Nncntributing: windw grilles Pivting dr and ceremnial entrance Ramps and clumns Mural Furniture and display units Lighting False ceiling

19 18 The Wrkshp Exercises: Applying the Cnservatin Methdlgy t the Three Museums Flring Nncntributing: air cnditining and ther building services; Children s Gallery (relcatin/redesign is recmmended); later partitins Museum cllectin All artifacts Strage Cnservatin labratry Archives SIGNIFICANCE Landscape and building significance: Exemplar f Le Crbusier s visin fr the mdern museum. It is the mst evlved realizatin f the pen plan museum cncept as it encmpasses all levels f design, frm the macr level f the city t the site and building. Als, the building is part f the series f museums that shw the develpment prcess fr the Museum f Unlimited Grwth idea. Histric value. Part f the educatinal plicy f independent India is t use museums as knwledge centers. Architectural value. It makes a cntributin t mdern ideas in architecture, use f technlgy, adaptatin t lcal cntext (materials), design details and materials, as well as a prttype fr museum building design in independent India. Cntinuity f cultural scial value. It is the center f cultural hub fr the city. Cllectins significance: Assciatinal significance with partitin f India Art histry significance f the cllectins, which cntain sculptures and paintings (miniature and cntemprary) ranging frm as early as the secnd century CE t the present Scientific value in material and technlgy applied t bjects Sanskar Kendra ELEMENTS Clsest realizatin f Le Crbusier s museum prttype Dughnut plan Service flr Le Crbusier s five principles represented in the building: piltis, rf garden, pen plan, facade independent frm structure, and hrizntal windws Nnstructural walls in expsed brick; expsed reinfrced cncrete structure Relatinship with Tagre Hall Site lcatin: relatinship with river, ld city, and ther cultural institutins Kite Museum City Museum cllectin SIGNIFICANCE Site as a link t the evlutin f the city Purest realizatin f Le Crbusier s Museum f Unlimited Grwth High integrity in design, materials, and use 18

20 19 The Wrkshp Exercises: Applying the Cnservatin Methdlgy t the Three Museums Develping a Statement f Significance Exercise 2 (Write the Statement f Significance) was develped fr the teams frm the tw museums that did nt already have a statement f significance: Sanskar Kendra and the Gvernment Museum and Art Gallery. These statements were based n results frm exercise 1 and als infrmed the develpment f the cllective statement f significance presented later in this reprt. The NMWA was the nly institutin that already had a statement f significance; therefre, the team prvided a cpy f its current statement, which is reprduced belw. Appendix E cntains the utline and instructins fr this exercise. Natinal Museum f Western Art: Statement f Significance The NMWA was specifically established in rder t huse the Matsukata Cllectin f mdern French art. The cllectin was cnfiscated by the French gvernment in 1944 as an enemy asset, but was returned t Japan in The museum is therefre f majr histrical significance as a symbl f the renewed friendship between the tw cuntries after WWII. The NMWA has served as Japan s nly natinal institutin dedicated t the histry f Western art. Its cllectin is nw cnsidered t be the mst imprtant cllectin f Western art in Asia. The Main Building f the NMWA is the sle example f the architectural wrk in Japan f the great mdern architect Le Crbusier. It was realized with the cllabratin f the three Japanese architects wh had wrked in Le Crbusier s Paris ffice, and therefre it represents the influence f the great mdern architect n the develpment f mdern architecture in Japan. The Main Building is an utstanding realizatin f Le Crbusier s Five Pints f a New Architecture. It is als ne f nly three art museum buildings that are based n the architect s cncept fr a Museum f Unlimited Grwth. The design f the building and f the frecurt garden is based n Mdulr, the prprtining system Le Crbusier devised during the 1940s. While maintaining and imprving its functin as an art museum, the riginal design f the Main Building has been carefully preserved. In rder t prtect the building against earthquake, the seismic islatin retrfit system was applied fr the first time in Japan. Gvernment Museum and Art Gallery: Statement f Significance The Gvernment Museum and Art Gallery, Chandigarh, is an utstanding natinal example f mdern architecture in India. It simultaneusly illustrates frmal technlgical and material innvatin in mdernism t reflect pst-independence ideals f natin building and museum design. At the same time, it represents an ensemble f utstanding mdern architecture that marks the transnatinal exchange f architectural ideas and its subsequent impact n Indian and Western architecture, which lasted fr mre than three decades. It is an icnic sculptural masterpiece designed by Le Crbusier as the final realizatin f the Museum f Unlimited Grwth cncept. Landscape and Building Significance: An exemplar f the architect's visin fr a mdern museum. It is the mst evlved museum realizing the pen plan cncept frm the macr level f the city t the site and building. It is als part f the series f ther museums that shw this prcess f develpment f the idea f unlimited grwth.

21 20 The Wrkshp Exercises: Applying the Cnservatin Methdlgy t the Three Museums Histric value. It is part f the educatinal plicy f independent India t use museums as knwledge centers. Architectural value. It has made cntributins t mdern ideas in architecture, use f technlgy, adaptatin t lcal cntext (materials), design details and materials, and is a prttype fr Museum building design in independent India. Cntinuity f cultural scial value. It is the center f the cultural hub f the city. Cllectins Significance: Assciatinal significance with partitin f India. Art histric significance f the cllectins ranging since the first century sculptures and paintings (miniature and cntemprary). Scientific value f material and technlgy. Sanskar Kendra: Statement f Significance Sanskar Kendra represents hw the influential Western mdern architecture was brught t India. The building was designed by Le Crbusier, a master architect wh intrduced new cncepts in the field f architecture, which wuld becme extremely influential. The building intrduced Ahmedabad t mdern architecture cncepts that wuld later dminate the built landscape, such as the framed structure and an architectural language withut purely decrative elements. The building became an bject f study fr Indian architects. Thus, it influenced bth the architects and their clients t think differently. Sanskar Kendra demnstrates hw Le Crbusier adapted his cncepts t develp a new structure suitable fr the dry heat envirnment f Ahmedabad with devices like cavity walls, diffused natural lights, a central water bdy, and green rf. These elements characterize the building as an utstanding example f hw mdernism cped with climatic cnditins. Threats and Opprtunities These are the results f the discussins that tk place n the afternn f the third day f the wrkshp. Discussins were infrmed by Susan Macdnald s lecture n the relatinship between the identificatin f threats and pprtunities and the preservatin f cultural significance, as well as presentatins by the three museums n current challenges. The rundtable discussins that fllwed fcused n the identificatin f threats and pprtunities shared by the three museums, as well as threats and pprtunities unique t each site. Threats Cmmn t the Three Museums Material deteriratin: Brick Cncrete Metals Balancing architecture, cllectin care, and human cmfrt Cllectins vulnerable t envirnmental cnditins Insects and pests

22 21 The Wrkshp Exercises: Applying the Cnservatin Methdlgy t the Three Museums Envirnmental perfrmance f the buildings, such as temperature and relative humidity Waterprfing f rfs demanding frequent repair/maintenance Staff is limited in number Material deteriratin ver time Tensins between architectural design cncept and practical realizatin Cmplex rf shapes and details difficult t maintain Pllutin Earthquake impact n buildings Impacts f past changes Opprtunities Cmmn t the Three Museums Fndatin Le Crbusier has histrical dcuments t supprt cnservatin. Fndatin Le Crbusier has ffered t supprt dcumentatin thrugh research grants. The buildings are highly significant natinally and internatinally. The museums share a lt f the same challenges and slutins. Ptential t share experiences, knwledge, and interpretatin, which culd lead t a frmal netwrk. Cmmn cmmitment t cnserve buildings and cllectins. All have implemented r started t implement prfessinal prcesses. Resurces are available t develp cnservatin planning prcess and institutinal supprt. Natinal Museum f Western Art THREATS N rm fr expansin Increased maintenance demands Increased perfrmance demands Limitatins t mving art due t difficult rute int gallery spaces Size limitatins t art bjects: Lw ceiling Pillar spacing Weight lad limitatins Natural daylight intensity with skylights and large windws Need fr cling t cntrl temperature in summer Backlg f bjects fr cnservatin Impact f measures t manage museum envirnment n riginal museum fabric OPPORTUNITIES Full recrd f building wrks since cnstructin Well-resurced and prfessinal cnservatin and curatrial staff High level f institutinal structure Shift t preventive cnservatin apprach fr bjects and crdinated prcess in place within institutin Increased interest in building due t Wrld Heritage Listing and rise in visitatin f the main building High percentage f bjects in gd cnditin Leveraging the benefits f Wrld Heritage status

23 22 The Wrkshp Exercises: Applying the Cnservatin Methdlgy t the Three Museums Gvernment Museum and Art Gallery THREATS Water seepage Lack f funds Inapprpriate patch repairs n the interir Only ne in-huse cnservatr Displays that blck natural light Cllectin is mre valued than cnservatin f mdern architecture Ad hc cllectin cnditin assessment N envirnmental mnitring r plicy in place Area f replaced brick; cating n brick Damage t flr tiles Surveys, assessment, and dcumentatin are needed Deteriratin f water bdies; installatin f railing surrunding it OPPORTUNITIES Cnservatin f mdern architecture in nascent stage in India Green slutins in riginal design t mdel climate system Highly intact architecture; sme later changes are reversible Sanskar Kendra THREATS Lw visitatin Prximity t a busy rad Pssible structural issues Exhibitin design culd cnflict with building cnservatin values Current degraded landscape is nt used r inviting N museum missin r clear visin Secnd flr beams restrict access Gvernance Access rad level higher than flr level at grund flr Water damage n walls and ceiling Cncept f city museum has nt been successful in engaging the public Incmpatible uses in the past OPPORTUNITIES An inventry f the cllectin has been started Wrld Heritage city status and rle f the museum; ptential t realize Sanskar Kendra cncept Service flr currently unused, can be repurpsed t prvide fr apprpriate services as riginally designed Cnservatin Plicies On the last day f the wrkshp, participants representing Sanskar Kendra and the Gvernment Museum were asked t develp cnservatin plicies fr their museums. In the meantime, the team frm the NMWA prepared advice n hw t develp a

24 23 The Wrkshp Exercises: Applying the Cnservatin Methdlgy t the Three Museums successful plan based n its experience develping and implementing its cnservatin plan. The results presented here were achieved thrugh small grup discussins mderated by GCI staff. Discussins were based n lectures by Kathleen Dardes n cnserving and managing museum cllectins in icnic buildings, Hirya Murakami n NMWA s cnservatin plan, and Susan Macdnald n develping cnservatin plicies. Appendix F cntains the utline and instructins fr Exercise 3 (Cnservatin Principles and Plicies). Plicy Develpment Prcess f the Natinal Museum f Western Art Cllect dcuments abut riginal cnstructin and additins. Create a timeline f every change until the present. Cmpare riginal state t present state. Catalg every building element and assign a categry accrding t level f significance (1 t 5). Determine cnservatin plicy fr each categry related t building element. Develp and adpt cllectin management plicies and museum management plicies. Create a three-year plan fr museum activities and update it yearly. Advice frm the Natinal Museum f Western Art Wrk clsely with gvernment when carrying ut renvatins and making plans. Cnsult experts and include many different grups in rder t achieve a balanced viewpint. Increase amunt f infrmatin available nline and in ther media t increase the public s awareness f the Le Crbusier museums. Increase availability f infrmatin abut Le Crbusier museums at the museums. Take int cnsideratin that the building is part f the cllectin. Curatrs shuld understand hw t display artwrk in harmny with the building. The museum is nt cmplete until it displays art/bjects. The building is difficult t understand. Frm the exterir, it is blank and des nt cmmunicate. We have t help the general public t understand it, fr instance with guides, brchures, and a website. Gvernment Museum and Art Gallery: Plicies Gvernance and funding Wrk ut a mre rbust gvernance structure with museum and cnservatin expertise. Strengthen existing advisry cmmittee with quarterly meetings. Rigrus maintenance and management regime t be fllwed as per CMP. Internatinal and natinal resurces t be identified and engaged with fr sustenance and funding in cnnectin with the cllectins management and building use plan. Site planning and landscape Respnd t riginal site setting f cultural cre f Chandigarh. Bring back riginal landscape elements water bdies, displays, and vegetatin. Wrk ut sustainable lng-term slutins fr maintaining water bdies. Cnservatin Retain existing materials and histric fabric.

25 24 The Wrkshp Exercises: Applying the Cnservatin Methdlgy t the Three Museums Repairs f any area/material t be undertaken nly after mck-ups are in place, based n scientific testing. Intrductin f any new material shuld be cmpatible with riginal material. Any interventin shuld be reversible in nature and shuld nt detract frm the visual cnnectins f the riginal design. Cllectins management and archives Prepare a cmprehensive cllectins management plicy that includes plicies n catalging, archiving, cnditin assessment, envirnmental mnitring, management sftware, cnservatin, acquisitin, research, publicatins, display, and lan fr exhibitins. Develp a histric archives plicy. Use and Interpretatin Plicy fr expansin t be develped in cherence with the cncept fr the Museum f Unlimited Grwth. Ensure dialgue between architectural spaces and cllectins s that cultural significance f each is enhanced in use plan. Original display systems shuld be retained t the extent that they supprt the significance f the building and cllectins. In case f any mdificatin r changes in displays, they shuld be aesthetically and envirnmentally cmpatible in terms f material as far as pssible. Interpretatin f building and cllectins thrugh varius media t be cmmunicated t all visitrs. Visitr management and utreach Create an annual calendar f events and utreach. Universal access t be addressed including functining f lifts. Cllabrate with internatinal, natinal, and lcal institutins fr varius capacity building, research, and utreach activities. Lighting, infrastructure, and services Risk Install sustainable and energy efficient systems using passive means t the degree pssible, and clse t the riginal, t be used fr water-related issues (surface drainage, etc.) and air circulatin issues. Lighting systems t be retained/designed, keeping in mind the significance f architectural spaces and needs f the cllectins n display. Security issues t be reslved with cnservatin plicies in mind. Security systems t be develped that respect retentin f physical and visual cnnectins f architectural spaces. Traditinal system f sealing museum t be retained fr ritual significance; prtectin f metal dr t be reslved. Regular fire and safety drills fr the staff are essential. Seismic risks t be evaluated fr develping risk plicy, as Chandigarh is in seismic zne-4 and the building is n piltis. Mnitring Envirnmental mnitring system t be intrduced fr the building and the cllectins. Data mnitring fr temperature, humidity, nise, dust, and light t be undertaken n a regular basis. Develp peridic mnitring fr building structure and materials.

26 25 The Wrkshp Exercises: Applying the Cnservatin Methdlgy t the Three Museums Sanskar Kendra: Plicies Create an institutinal structure with apprpriate and independent gvernance and prfessinal staff. Create a multidisciplinary advisry bdy with members frm lcal related institutins and, ptentially, relevant internatinal advisrs. Cnservatin f the building shuld drive use and activities. Wrk with experts t develp the museum in keeping with the Sanskar Kendra cncept while minimizing change t the building. Manage stakehlders thrugh engagement with ther lcal cultural institutins and Le Crbusier building wners. Plan fr nging maintenance needs. Learn and share with ther mdern museums and sites. Share and leverage with the Gvernment Museum in Chandigarh during the prcess f cnservatin. Undertake prfessinal ral histries with B. V. Dshi and ther stakehlders abut site and the cntemprary perid. Adpt an internatinally recgnized methdlgy fr cnservatin and museum use. Phase the wrk t gain supprt priritize cnservatin f the building and develp exhibits nly after the building is stabilized. Restre and ensure stability f the building and the institutin. Prtect the site and its setting thrugh a Precinct and Lcal Area Plan. Ensure highly qualified teams t wrk n investigatin and cnservatin. Re-establish the elements including curtyards, rf, and piltis, Retain and preserve interstitial spaces (remve existing uses and prevent new nes) Manage slpes and levels arund building t imprve drainage Cnduct emergency wrks: Remve tilets n secnd flr. Carry ut emergency repairs. Upgrade services fr museum (including reviving service flr). Maintain the site and surrundings. Cnservatin Pririties In their final wrkshp exercise, participants were asked t list their main cnservatin pririties. The results presented here were develped thrugh small grup discussins. Appendix G cntains the utline and instructins fr Exercise 4 (Cnservatin Pririties). Natinal Museum f Western Art: Pririties Cmplete plan fr 2020 renvatin (urgent!). Develp an exhibit that integrates mdern art with architecture. Cntinue relatinship with Indian museums. Gvernment Museum and Art Gallery: Pririties Gvernance structure with staff and decisin making system: Advisry museum cmmittee t be recnstituted t review the CMP preparatin prgress and its implementatin in six mnths. Building cnservatin: Priritize drainage and seepage fr immediate changes.

27 26 The Wrkshp Exercises: Applying the Cnservatin Methdlgy t the Three Museums Recmmend maintenance while preparing CMP. Cllectins management: There are envirnment-related issues leading t deteriratin, especially due t insects and pests threatening textiles. Temprarily mve sensitive bjects t strage and start envirnmental mnitring. Fllw-n plans: A CMP is under preparatin. Unused items t be auctined s that museum space is cleared up. Sanskar Kendra: Pririties Undertake a CMP, preliminary cnditin assessment and emergency cnservatin wrks if needed. Establish an institutinal structure; gvernance and multidisciplinary advisry bdy. Develp a museum cncept. Netwrk with ther Le Crbusier designed museums.

28

29 Cllective Statement f Significance and Cnservatin Recmmendatins During the event, it became clear that the three museums share imprtant heritage values. These shared values, identified during the wrkshp, were later cnslidated int a cllective statement f significance (belw). The Cllective Cultural Significance f Le Crbusier s Three Museums: Sanskar Kendra, Ahmedabad (1954); The Natinal Museum f Western Art, Tky (1959); and The Gvernment Museum and Art Gallery, Chandigarh (1968) The three museums, designed by Swiss architect Le Crbusier ver the last decade f his life, are based n his cnceptual mdel f the Museum f Unlimited Grwth, initially cnceived in The series f museums cnstructed in Ahmedabad, Tky, and Chandigarh may cllectively be recgnized as internatinally significant: I. As exemplars f the interchange f human values internatinally in relatin t mdern architecture. II. III. IV. As an exemplary cntributin t mdernism in its search fr a new cncept fr the museum, this design represents the idea f the museum as machine, which breaks with the traditinal ntin f a museum as a mnument designed t huse artifacts, and instead prvides a nn-mnumental place fr exhibiting culture with a human scale, experiential spaces, and the pssibility f unlimited expansin. As an integrated series, these three buildings represent the cmplete and nly realizatin f Le Crbusier s prttypical Museum f Unlimited Grwth. They all demnstrate Le Crbusier s five pints f architecture, as well as his mdular ideal, and incrprate material innvatins and spatial cmplexity. The series demnstrates the evlutin and refinement f the prttype museum cncept, as well as its adaptatin t lcal cnditins and building technlgies t suit the museums respective gegraphic and climatic cntexts, and the prgrammatic requirements f each, thereby demnstrating the interplay f thery and practice develped by Le Crbusier ver half a century. As an interesting interactin between idealizatin and lcalizatin, thus exemplifying the pragmatic idealism evident in the cnstructed sites f Le Crbusier, with his extrardinary cncept being mdulated n site by reginal mdern architects (including B. V. Dshi, M. N. Sharma, and Kuni Maekawa), thus nurturing mdernism s Asian diaspra and affirming mdernism as the architectural language f the future. 28

30 29 Cllective Statement f Significance and Cnservatin Recmmendatins V. As utstanding examples f icnic mdern museums that remain in their riginal use, each plays an imprtant cultural rle in the urban life f the city it inhabits: in Tky, as a natinal repsitry fr Western Art; in Chandigarh, as a cultural marker fr the new, mdernist capital city; and at Ahmedabad, as the museum telling the stry f the city as part f a larger cultural space fr the expanding cmmunity. All are substantially intact in cncept, design, and material fabric, and largely retain their settings and relatinships with their cities. General Recmmendatins fr Cnserving Le Crbusier's Three Museums Wrkshp participants recgnized the imprtance f the fllwing in the care and cnservatin f each f the Le Crbusier-designed museums: Understand the significance f the relatinship between the buildings and their cllectins. Cnserve and maintain the buildings as well as the cllectins, including securing access t resurces t perate them effectively. Engage expert staff and ensure that the staff structure is adequate t guide future stewardship and cnservatin f the buildings and their cllectins. Develp and implement a CMP, r if ne is already in place (NMWA), fllw its plicy recmmendatins and update it peridically t accunt fr changing circumstances. This type f dcument shuld be develped with a multidisciplinary team led by an expert in cnservatin and with input frm thers, such as a histrian with experience in Le Crbusier s wrk, and architects and engineers assciated with the building s creatin and riginal cnstructin. Ensure that the cnservatin f the building dictates its use and what happens within it. Recgnize that the building is the principle exhibit and its careful cnservatin must drive any prpsals fr changes arising frm r related t cllectin care and exhibit needs. Cnsider pprtunities t interpret the building thrugh museum prgramming. Plan interventins t the building nly after detailed investigatins, research, and design wrk have been cmpleted. Implement interventins using nly cntractrs with skill and knwledge f mdern buildings. Establish and sustain a netwrk with ther Le Crbusier designed museums.

31 Cnclusin The wrkshp ffered participants the pprtunity t enhance their understanding f the three museums designed by Le Crbusier based n his prttype fr a Museum f Unlimited Grwth. The exchange f knwledge revealed the challenges and pprtunities fr these institutins t preserve their cultural significance. In additin, participants learned abut tls and resurces that can be emplyed in facing the difficult challenge f balancing cnservatin f histric prperties and cllectins (see appendix H). They articulated the significance f their respective museums in their individual statements f significance, assessing bth the imprtance f the building and the cllectin. They als began t understand hw the three museums are related and can be understd as three parts that make up a whle. This cncept was expressed in the cllective statement f significance, which represented a new way f thinking abut the museums. 30

32

33 Appendix A: Wrkshp Agenda Sunday, February 4, 2018 Ahmedabad, India Day 1: Intrductin Afternn Site Visit: Sanskar Kendra Museum Talk n histry f museum (B. V. Dshi ) Walk thrugh Sanskar Kendra Museum Mnday, February 5, 2018 Ahmedabad, India Day 2: Understanding Significance Mrning Intrductins: GCI Aim f the wrkshp (Chandler McCy) Wrkshp agenda (Chandler McCy) CMAI Initiative (Susan Macdnald) MCE Initiative (Kathleen Dardes) Lecture: The Imprtance f the Museum f Unlimited Grwth within Le Crbusier s Oeuvre (Brigitte Buvier) Break Presentatins: Representatives frm the three museums Histry f building Descriptin f building and cllectin Discussin and Observatins (all) 32

34 33 Wrkshp Agenda Afternn Lecture: Intrductin t the Cnservatin Prcess and Significance (Susan Macdnald) Questins (all) Exercise 1: Each museum discusses and identifies their significance (museum participants) Break Reprting Back: Each grup shares their results Grup Discussin: Identify cmmnalities and differences Exercise 2: Revise and craft statement f significance Site Visit: Tur f Mill Owners Building led by Abhinava Shukla, secretary general, Ahmedabad Textile Mills Assciatin Tuesday, February 6, 2018 Ahmedabad, India Day 3: Vulnerabilities, Threats, and Opprtunities Mrning Intrductin: Identifying threats and pprtunities (Susan Macdnald) Presentatins: Representatives frm each museum Cnditin f building Challenges and implicatins Discussin Afternn Rundtable Discussin 1: Cmmn threats t significance, vulnerabilities, and cnstraints (all) Rundtable Discussin 2: Opprtunities (all) Evening Public Lecture: Welcme (Mukesh Kumar, Ahmedabad Municipal Cmmissiner) Intrductin t CMAI and speakers (Chandler McCy) The imprtance f the Museum f Unlimited Grwth within Le Crbusier s euvre (Brigitte Buvier, Fndatin Le Crbusier) Natinal Museum f Western Art (Hirya Murakami):

35 34 Wrkshp Agenda Gvernment Museum and Art Gallery (Sangeeta Bagga) Sanskar Kendra (B. V. Dshi) Mderated discussin (mderated by Susan Macdnald) Q and A with audience (all speakers) Wednesday, February 7, 2018 Chandigarh, India Day 4: Travel t Chandigarh Evening Site Visit: Tur f Gvernment Museum and Art Gallery led by Seema Gera. Thursday, February 8, 2018 Chandigarh, India Day 5: Principles, Plicies, and Pririties Mrning Presentatin: Perspectives n Cnserving and Managing Museum Cllectins in Icnic Buildings (Kathleen Dardes) Rundtable discussin 3: Cllectins issues Break Presentatin: NMWA discusses their plicies and managing change (10 minutes) Grup discussin Afternn Lecture: Intrductin t cnservatin principles and plicies (Susan Macdnald) Questins (all) Exercise 3: Each museum develps key principles and plicies (museum participants) Each grup shares their results Break Exercise 4: Each museum identifies three pririty actins Each grup shares their results Wrap-up: participants share tw learnings frm the wrkshp (all) Final Remarks (Susan Macdnald and Kathleen Dardes)

36

37 Appendix B: Participants Bigraphies Wrkshp participants gathered fr a grup pht at the Mill Owners Building in Ahmedabad. Pht: Ahmedabad Municipal Crpratin. Dr. Sangeeta Bagga Metha is principal, Chandigarh Cllege f Architecture, where she teaches urban design, thery f design, and architectural design studis. Prfessr Mehta has als been very active in heritage cnservatin wrk as ndal fficer fr the transnatinal serial nminatin f the architectural wrks f Le Crbusier t the UNESCO Wrld Heritage list, with the inclusin f the Chandigarh Capitl Cmplex. Her recent cause fr care f heritage is her cllabratin n the Getty s Keeping It Mdern grants fr the icnic Gandhi Bhawan and the Gvernment Museum t advance cnservatin practice f mdern architectural marvels acrss the glbe. Reem Bardy is a prject assciate in the Cllectins department f the Getty Cnservatin Institute (GCI), where she is the manager f the GCI s cnservatin guest schlar, pstdctral fellw, and graduate intern prgrams. She als supprts the crdinatin f activities related t the Managing Cllectin Envirnments and Research Int Practice Initiatives. Between 2006 and 2008, Bardy was a member f the Getty Leadership Institute where she supprted the Museum Leadership Institute, and Museum Leaders: The Next Generatin. Befre cming t the Getty, She spent twelve years teaching histry and English in Ls Angeles area high schls. She hlds degrees in histry and thelgy, and a teaching credential frm Lyla Marymunt University, Ls Angeles. 36

38 37 Participants' Bigraphies Brigitte Buvier, currently directr f the Fndatin Le Crbusier, graduated frm the Écle Nrmale Supérieure in Paris and the FEMIS (the French state film schl). She was prfessr f film studies at the Université Paris 8 befre being appinted as cuncilr fr culture in Bstn, Pland, and Mrcc. She als served as deputy directr fr cultural affairs in Tuluse, France. Kathleen Dardes is head f the GCI s Cllectins department where she manages the institute s educatin prjects fr mvable cultural heritage, including curses, wrkshps, and in-the-field training activities that take place within the United States and internatinally; she als versees the GCI's Infrmatin Center. With clleagues in Science, the department als undertakes field activities t adapt and test new research and practical methdlgies fr cllectins. Dardes has wrked at the GCI since 1988, first in the Training Prgram, then in Field Prjects befre taking n the leadership f Educatin (precursr t the Cllectins department) in She studied textile cnservatin in the Textile Cnservatin Centre/Curtauld Institute f Art pstgraduate prgram, receiving her diplma frm the University f Lndn. Prir t her arrival at the Getty, she wrked as a textile cnservatr at the Museum f Fine Arts in Bstn, and in New Yrk at the Cathedral f Saint Jhn the Divine and the Metrplitan Museum f Art. Dr. Balkrishna V. Dshi (wrkshp special guest) is a renwned Indian architect, a Fellw f the Ryal Institute f British Architects, and a Fellw f the Indian Institute f Architects. Since wrking fr Le Crbusier in the 1950s and supervising his prjects in Ahmedabad and Chandigarh, he has develped an extrardinary bdy f wrk with his practice, Vāstu- Shilpā, in India. Over almst seventy years f practice, research, and teaching, he has created a wide range f prjects that demnstrate an exceptinal level f envirnmental and cmmunity awareness, adpting mdern architectural principles and adapting them t the lcal Indian cntext. His distinguished cntributin as a prfessinal and as an academician has been recgnized with several internatinal and natinal awards and hnrs. Dshi is the 2018 Laureate f the Pritzker Architecture Prize. Ky Fukuda is a specialist (architecture), General Affairs Divisin, at the Natinal Museum f Western Art. Prir t that, she was an assistant researcher frm 2011 t Fukuda began her career in cnstructin prcess management at several private cmpanies. She hlds an MA in Engineering frm Tky University f Science. She specializes in repair and cnservatin histry f NMWA s main building and preservatin f mdern buildings. Seema Gera is wrking as deputy curatr at the Gvernment Museum and Art Gallery, Chandigarh. She jined the museum in 1999 and was curatrial assistant until Her current respnsibilities are managing the antiquities cllectin and its digital dcumentatin, rganizing exhibitins, running educatinal prgrams and crdinating utreach activities. Her educatinal qualificatins include a master s degree in medieval Indian histry frm Delhi University and anther in muselgy frm Natinal Museum Institute f Histry f Art, Cnservatin, and Muselgy, New Delhi.

39 38 Participants' Bigraphiess Prabhat Kumar Ghsh, IAS (Rtd.), is chair f the Heritage Cnservatin Cmmittee (H.C.C.) fr Ahmedabad, appinted by the gvernment f Gujarat. Ghsh is a retired member f the Indian Administrative Services (IAS) where he wrked fr thirty-six years. During his service perid, he acted in varius capacities in varius gvernment departments, including furteen years spent in urban administratin. This brught him in clse cntact with the built urban heritage. He has deep interest in temple architecture, Ind- Islamic architecture, and the architectural frms develped during the British perid. He is als equally interested in the histry f India, particularly late-mughal and clnial perids. Ana Paula Arat Gnçalves jined the GCI in 2017 as a prfessinal fellw. She has a bachelr's degree in architecture frm the Schl f Architecture and Urbanism at the University f Sã Paul and earned an MS in histric preservatin frm the University f Pennsylvania. Fllwing the cmpletin f her master s degree, she was a graduate intern at the GCI. Returning t Brazil in 2012, she wrked as an architect in private practice and fr public institutins engaged in the cnservatin f mdern buildings with a fcus n the cnservatin f mdern cncrete. Nami Hemuki is a cnservatr and the head f the Cnservatin Sectin, Curatrial Divisin, at the Natinal Museum f Western Art. She received her MA in museum studies at the University f Leicester, and a secnd MA in cnservatin studies at West Dean Cllege (awarded by the University f Sussex), bth in the UK. Frm 2006 t 2008, she was an assistant cnservatr. She engaged in internatinal cperatin in cnservatin at the Natinal Institute f Cultural Prperties, Tky, frm 2008 t She has been in her current psitin since Octber She previusly pursued prfessinal develpment training in Germany and freelance cnservatin wrk in Japan. She specializes in metals cnservatin. Shikha Jain, directr, Develpment and Research Organisatin fr Nature, Arts, and Heritage (DRONAH), has wide experience in cultural heritage ranging frm expert representatins at the UNESCO Wrld Heritage Cmmittee fr Ministry f Culture, India, t planning and implementatin f mre than frty cnservatin and museum prjects acrss the cuntry, including the cnservatin management plan fr Gandhi Bhawan under a Keeping It Mdern grant frm the Getty Fundatin. She is cnsultant t UNESCO, New Delhi. She is visiting faculty fr urban cnservatin in the Department f Urban Planning, Schl f Planning and Architecture, New Delhi; adjunct faculty at Centre fr Heritage Management, Ahmadabad University; and UNESCO C2C visiting fellw at the Wildlife Institute f India, Dehradun. Azu Kubta is an assciate curatr f research and future planning, Curatrial Divisin, at the Natinal Museum f Western Art. Prir t her current psitin, she was a curatr at the Aichi Prefectural Museum f Art frm 2016 t 2017, and assciate curatr at the Natinal Museum f Western Art since Octber 2017, fllwing six mnth s experience as a curatrial assistant. Kubta specializes in mdern and cntemprary art. She hlds an MA in art histry at Waseda University.

40 39 Participants' Bigraphiess Susan Macdnald, RIBA, PIA, has managed the Buildings and Sites department at the Getty Cnservatin Institute since Susan has a bachelr f science (architecture) and a bachelr f architecture frm the University f Sydney, and a master's degree in cnservatin studies (University f Yrk/ICCROM), and is a certified practicing planner. Macdnald has been invlved in a wide range f cnservatin issues frm urban planning, develpment, ecnmics, Wrld Heritage, and plicy and technical matters, and has lectured, authred, and edited varius bks and articles n these tpics. Susan has been invlved in internatinal and natinal advisry cmmittees and editrial bards and is a member f the DOCOMOMO Internatinal Specialist Technical Cmmittee, the ICOMOS Internatinal Scientific Cmmittee n Twentieth-Century Heritage (ISC20C), and the Assciatin f Preservatin Technlgy Internatinal's Mdern Cmmittee. Chandler McCy manages the Cnserving Mdern Architecture Initiative f the Buildings and Sites department at the Getty Cnservatin Institute. Chandler has a master f architecture degree frm Clumbia University, a bachelr f architecture degree frm the University f Virginia, and received additinal architectural cnservatin training at ICCROM. He is a registered architect in the state f New Yrk and a LEED-accredited prfessinal. He is a member f the Nrthern Califrnia chapter f Dcmm-US, the Assciatin f Preservatin Technlgy, the Califrnia Preservatin Fundatin, and is past president f the San Francisc Heritage Bard f Directrs. Prir t jining the GCI in 2015, he was assciate directr fr planning and design fr the Presidi Trust in San Francisc, and prir t that, was a histrical architect fr the Natinal Park Service in New Yrk City Hirya Murakami is the deputy directr and chief curatr f the Natinal Museum f Western Art. He received his MA in art histry at the University f Tky. Frm 1988 t 2006 he was a curatr at the Aichi Prefectural Museum f Art. Murakami was the chief curatr at the Natinal Museum f Western Art since 2006; deputy directr since He specializes in early-twentieth-century art. P. K. Vasudevan Nair is a retired assistant superintending archaelgical engineer f the Archaelgical Survey f India (ASI), with ver thirty-seven years f experience in cnservatin and restratin f archaelgical mnuments and sites in the states f Gujarat and Rajasthan, and the unin territry f Daman and Diu, India. He has successfully carried ut cnservatin and restratin f a large number f earthquake affected mnuments (2001 earthquake) in Gujarat. He has functined as the prject leader f the Ta Prhm temple, Cambdia, frm 2004 t He has been a visiting faculty in the Pst Graduate Prgram in Architecture and Settlement Cnservatin at CEPT University, Ahmedabad, frm 2007 t He has been a deputy general manager with Ahmedabad Municipal Crpratin since 2007 and played a pivtal rle in getting the Histric City f Ahmedebad inscribed n the Wrld Heritage List in Vandana Raj is a museum cnsultant. She graduated in cmmerce frm the Bhartiyar University and hlds a master s in develpment cmmunicatin frm Gujarat University. In her fifteen years f prfessinal experience she has acted as a filmmaker, writer, develpment cmmunicatr, and curatr f museums. In 2001, she established Vama Cmmunicatins specialized in branding, design (vide, print, and exhibitin), digital (immersive and experiential), and curating and develping high-tech enabled museum spaces. In 2010, she started VamaTnz, a cntent develpment studi, t develp riginal

41 40 Participants' Bigraphies Indian cntent. VamaTnz has develped ver 150 prducts in edutainment. She has been an fficial invitee with nminatins at the Wdstck Film Festival and San Dieg Film Festival in the US, and Annecy Film Festival in France. Her latest wrk is in the field f develping high-tech enabled museum spaces and she has successfully develped many digital immersive museum spaces. Ashish V. Trambadia is a cnservatin architect based in Ahmedabad. He started his career at the Indian Institute f Technlgy Rrkee (2002) as prject assciate after earning his bachelr in architecture degree (Maulana Azad Natinal Institute f Technlgy, Bhpal). He has a master s in architectural cnservatin (Schl f Planning and Architecture, New Delhi), and wrked as cnsultant with the Indian Natinal Trust fr Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) headquarters ( ). He has been wrking with gvernment and private heritage cnservatin prjects since he established his practice in Ahmedabad in His wrk includes cnditin appraisals fr Rani-ki-Vav in Patan; the Lnar grup f mnuments; Luis Kahn Plaza at the Indian Institute f Management in Ahmedabad; and Ahmedabad frt walls; and city level prjects like a heritage turism plan fr Sidhpur and heritage walk rute upgrades in Ahmedabad. He is presently wrking n a Wrld Mnuments Fund-supprted prject with the Madhya Pradesh gvernment fr a cnservatin plan fr Hinglajgarh Frt. Appinted as cnservatin architect, he has cmpleted prjects with numerus Indian agencies, institutins, and gvernments. He wrks with his wife and partner, Pnam Trambadia, an academician and cnservatin architect. Rabindra Vasavada is an experienced architect with special interest in heritage cnservatin. He hlds an architecture degree frm the Maharaja Sayajira University f Barda and pstgraduate studies in architecture and planning frm the Ryal Academy f Fine Arts in Cpenhagen. He was an assistant t Luis I. Kahn n his Indian Institute f Management Prject at Ahmedabad and later n varius extensins at IIMA. He has been invlved in architectural practice, research and dcumentatin, and academics since He has wrked extensively n dcumentatin and cnservatin prjects all ver India. He was funding prfessr and head f the pstgraduate prgram in cnservatin studies at the CEPT University. He has been an advisr t the Natinal Mnuments Authrity f the Ministry f Culture and the Wrld Resurce Institute, Washingtn DC. He has been a prject cnsultant fr the Archaelgical Survey f India, and was appinted a member f the Natinal Cmmittee n Cnservatin Plicy fr reviewing the Archelgical Survey f India Act in In 2010, the Ahmedabad Municipal Crpratin assigned him the task f preparing the Wrld Heritage City Nminatin Dssier fr the Histric City f Ahmedabad, which was inscribed n the Wrld Heritage List in 2017.

42

43 Appendix C: GCI Cnservatin Planning Prcess 42