Cover Page. The handle holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation.

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1 Cover Page The handle holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Heuvel, M.E.N. van den Title: Picturing landscape : contemporary photography, collective visual memory and the making of place in the Netherlands Issue Date:

2 Maartje van den Heuvel, 2018 All rights reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Maartje van den Heuvel, dissertation Leiden University, 2018, p. 2

3 PICTURING LANDSCAPE contemporary photography, collective visual memory and the making of place in the Netherlands Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof.mr. C.J.J.M. Stolker, volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties te verdedigen op 18 september 2018 klokke uur door Martine Ermenilda Natalia van den Heuvel geboren te Horst in 1967 Maartje van den Heuvel, dissertation Leiden University, 2018, p. 3

4 Promotores Prof. dr. C.J.M. Zijlmans (Universiteit Leiden) Prof. dr. J.C.A. Kolen (Universiteit Leiden) Copromotor Dr. H.F. Westgeest (Universiteit Leiden) Promotiecommissie Dr. M.E.W. Boers (Universiteit Leiden) Prof. dr. ir. A. van den Brink (Wageningen University & Research) Prof. dr. Y. van Dijk (Universiteit Leiden) Prof. L. Wells (Plymouth University, UK) Maartje van den Heuvel, dissertation Leiden University, 2018, p. 4

5 This dissertation was partly realized in the framework of the European JPI Cultural Heritage program EUWATHER and with support of the Faculty of Humanities of Leiden University. Maartje van den Heuvel, dissertation Leiden University, 2018, p. 5

6 To the memory of my mother, Liesbeth van den Heuvel-Nelissen For my family For my supervisors Alex Mooij, Isabel, Roan, Lars and Igor Martin van den Heuvel, Frans-Joseph, Anita and Martien prof. dr. Kitty Zijlmans, prof. dr. Jan Kolen and dr. Helen Westgeest For all photographers out there in the landscape. Maartje van den Heuvel, dissertation Leiden University, 2018, p. 6

7 Table of contents Acknowledgements... 8 Introduction Chapter 1 PHOTOGRAPHY AND MAKING PLACE terms and definitions landscape place making landscape art, landscape architecture, landscape photography theory and methods of research place making and theory of art and photography place making and cultural geography place making and landscape architecture a synthetic method georeferencing landscape images geospecific comparison formal conventions of the place geogeneric comparison artistic intervention by the photographer as to the examples chosen Chapter 2 THE AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL LANDSCAPE: WERKLUST (2015) BY THEO BAART the Haarlemmermeer near Amsterdam and Schiphol Airport from water wolf to infrastructure landscape diachronic, autobiographical, documentary research Chapter 3 GEOMETRICAL ABSTRACTION: BAUMSCHULE #2 (2009) BY GERCO DE RUIJTER tree nurseries on the banks of the Lower Rhine looking away from riverscape framing delirious geometrical abstraction Chapter 4 APPOINTING INTEREST: MAPPING 5 ( ) BY KIM BOSKE natural heritage of the Zuiderheide near Laren collective visual memory of the Laren School of painting circumambulation, inverted panorama, simultaneity and the generic Chapter 5 PLACE MAKING THROUGH PHOTOGRAPHY evaluating step 1: georeferencing landscape photographs evaluating step 2: geospecific comparison evaluating step 3: geogeneric comparison Conclusion Afterword Bibliography English summary Nederlandse samenvatting Biography Maartje van den Heuvel, dissertation Leiden University, 2018, p. 7

8 Acknowledgements This dissertation would never have been possible without the comments and help from many people in my academic, professional and personal environment. Inevitably, the following list will be incomplete. I hope that those I forget will forgive me, and still accept my appreciation of their influence on my work. First, of Leiden University, I thank my supervisors, Kitty Zijlmans of Art History, Jan Kolen of Archaeology and associate professor Helen Westgeest of Art History. Your severe, sometimes unyielding criticism combined with your knowledge, enthusiasm, guidance, commitment and moral support crystallized out my identity as a researcher. I thank the jury of the Mr K.J. Cathprijs, who in 2013 encouraged me with this award for my work for Leiden University and especially its heritage collection. I thank my managers at the Leiden University Library s special collections: Chantal Keijspers, André Bouwman, Kees Konings, Marco de Niet and Kurt De Belder for allowing me study leave and, with it, the space and concentration to finish the first draft of the manuscript. To my direct colleagues and office companions curator of prints and drawings Jef Schaeps and curator of maps and atlases Martijn Storms: thank you for your knowledge, ideas, sparring and daily good moods and humor. I thank Joke Pronk for her continuing care for and assistance at the Leiden University s photo-collection. To the many other colleagues in various parts of Leiden University, who helped me with my work: thank you so much for your great support. I am grateful to the many conversations with photographers, artists and designers, from whom I learnt a lot about optics, art, ways of seeing and agency towards the landscape, about the inspiration from or irritation about their painting predecessors, whose work is the very content and basis of my research, exhibitions and publications: Hans Aarsman, Jan Andriesse, Wout Berger, Korrie Besems, Henze Boekhout, L.J.A.D. Creijghton, Ellen Davidzon, Jan Dibbets, Willem Diepraam, Leo Divendal, Driessens&Verstappen, Marnix Goossens, Noortje Haegens, Arnoud Holleman, Reynoud Homan, Marie-José Jongerius, Bas Jongerius, Martin Kers, Carl de Keyzer, Gert Jan Kocken, Ellen Kooi, Jan Koster, Daniëlle Kwaaitaal, Jannes Linders, Cary Markerink, Hans van der Meer, Awoiska van der Molen, Julie Monaco, Gábor Ösz, Bas Princen, Xavier Ribas, Frank van der Salm, Susannah Sayler/Edward Morris, Asako Narahashi, L.A. Raeven, Jan Wouter van Reijen, Misha de Ridder, Harry Roekens, Maarten Schets, Allan Sekula, Han Singels, Siebe Swart, Loek van Vliet, Maaike Vergouwen/Daan Zuijderwijk, Marijke van Warmerdam, Hans Werlemann, Edwin Zwakman, Kim Zwarts and others. I thank photographers Theo Baart, Gerco de Ruijter and Kim Boske who provided the case studies for this dissertation. I also thank other museum-, culture-, architecture- and landscape professionals, who helped my curatorial work in landscape photography and art. First of all Liz Kreijn, Evert van Straaten, Toos van Kooten and Bas Mühren of the Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo; Benno Tempel, Doede Hardeman and Frouke van Dijke of the Gemeentemuseum Den Haag; Wim van Sinderen of The Hague Photomuseum; Taco Dibbits, Mattie Boom, Hans Rooseboom, Martine Gosselink, Gijs van der Ham and Pieter Roelofs of the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam; Emily Ansenk and Jannet de Goede of the Kunsthal, Rotterdam; Henk Baas, Jos Bazelmans, Daphne Nieuwenhuijse and Eric Domela Nieuwenhuis of the RCE, Amersfoort; Sander Paarlberg of the Dordrechts Museum; Jan Hartholt and Herma de Heer of Kasteel Groeneveld, Baarn; Stephan Warnik, Kris Callens, Femke van Drongelen and André Groeneveld of the Zuiderzeemuseum, Enkhuizen; Inka Graeve Ingelmann of the Pinakothek der Moderne, Munich; Gisela Maartje van den Heuvel, dissertation Leiden University, 2018, p. 8

9 Parak of the Museum für Photographie, Braunschweig; Alison Nordstrom and Jessica McDonald of the George Eastman House, Rochester (USA); Diana Edkins and Lesley Martin of Aperture Gallery/Foundation, New York City; all other museum employees who helped with exhibition technique, education, marketing, public relations of my exhibitions: thank you very much. Also much thanks to Ingeborg Leijerzapf, Tracy Metz, Nico van Lamsweerde, Robbert Kloos of the Consulate General in New York City, Dirk Sijmons and Inge Bobbink of Delft Technical University, Liesbeth Missel and Anita Dijkstra of Wageningen University & Research; Hans-Peter Westerbeek van Natuurmonumenten; Eelco van Welie and Barbera van Kooij of NAI 010 Publishers, Johan de Bruijne of WBooks; Coby Reitsma and Marineke van der Reijden of the Mondriaan Fonds. I thank the European JPI funded EUWATHER research group, inspiringly guided by prof. Francesco Vallerani and assisted by Francesco Visentin of the Faculty of Economics of the Università Ca Foscari di Venezia and Eriberto Eulisse of the Italian Centro Internazionale Civiltà dell Acqua in the Italian Veneto, for letting me, from 2015 through 2017, take part in the EUWATHER project, which on European level was evaluated with excellents only. I thank my fellow EUWATHER project members Laura Bertens of Leiden University; prof. Henk Scholten, Mark Opmeer and colleagues of VU University of Amsterdam; Marleen Maarleveld and Jaap Brouwer of Waterrecreatie Nederland; prof. Anna Ribas, David Pavon, Dolors Roset and Sandra Ricart at the University of Girona in Spain; prof. Neil Ravenscroft, Paul Gilchrist, Abigail Wincott and Becky Tailor at Brighton University and Lucy Rogers of the Canal and River Trust in the United Kingdom. I am greatly indebt to Anna Yeadell-Moore for proofreading this thesis and to Thomas Belyea for providing me with a steady photography jargon in English. Furthermore, I wish to thank all my interns and assistants full professionals by now who supported, helped and inspired me with different aspects and during various phases of the different exhibitions and this dissertation: Marel Andriesse, Nicky van Banning, Marleen Vermeltfoort, Nina Peters, Paula Kerstens, Ali Shobeiri, Ole Thijs, Rose Ieneke van Kalsbeek. Thank you very much. At the basis of it all, is my family: Alex Mooij, Isabel, Roan, Lars and Igor, and the family I come from: Martin and Liesbeth van den Heuvel, Anita, Martien and Frans-Joseph. Thank you very much for your unconditional love, support, advice, patience, distraction and humor! In the end, especially this made me capable of doing this. Maartje van den Heuvel, dissertation Leiden University, 2018, p. 9

10 Maartje van den Heuvel, dissertation Leiden University, 2018, p. 10