Residential Building Stock Assessment (RBSA)for Multi-Family Housing

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1 Residential Building Stock Assessment (RBSA)for Multi-Family Housing Tom Eckman & Massoud Jourabchi September 10, The Chances of Making A Better Decision Increase With Accurate Data Council s load forecast and assessment of conservation potential rely on current and detailed data about housing and appliance characteristics Conservation program planners rely on market data to inform program design and evaluations Acquisition of statistically meaningful data is both essential and expensive 2 1

2 RBSA Study Objectives Characterize Residential Sector Building Stock Single Family (Four-plex and below) Multifamily lif il (Five-plex and above) Manufactured Homes (Federal regulated by US Department of Housing and Urban Development HUD) Provide Representative Samples By state or region By BPA customer service area Designed to permit individual utilities to oversample to provide utility level representation Characterize Buildings Detailed On Site Energy Audit, including lighting survey Basic Demographics Billing Histories for both electric and gas consumption How This Data Will Be Used Supports both Load Forecasting and Assessment of Conservation Potential Provides Baseline Building Characteristics Updates Heating and Cooling Equipment and Market Shares Updates Appliance Saturations and Characteristics Key input into determination of non- programmatic efficiency improvements (i.e., what consumers did on the own) Assist in conservation program design & implementation and evaluation 4 2

3 Data Sources on Multifamily Used in the 6 th Power Plan 1992 Pacific Northwest Residential Energy Survey (PNWRES92) Survey (PNWRES92) NEEA Survey of Baseline Characteristics of the Multi-Family sector NW (New Construction) NEEA Survey of Residential New construction (Single and Multi-family) billing analysis 2007 NEEA Assessment of Multi-family building stock in the Pacific Northwest( ) 5 Regional Distribution of Multi-Family Units and RBSA Study Coverage Regional Distribution of Multifamily Housing ID MT OR WA 6 3

rise ~ 64% of units 65% of buildings Mid

Rise Multifamily Units Dominant 10 9 8 7 6 5

Units (1000s) Pre 1955 1955 1970 1971 1980

Mid Rise (4 6) High Rise (7+) Since 2000 The

4 What is a Multifamily Building? High Rise ~ 12% of units 9% of buildings Low rise ~ 64% of units 65% of buildings Mid rise ~38% of units ~35% of buildings 7 Low Rise Multifamily Units Dominant Distribution of Stock of Multifamily Units (1000s) Pre Post 2000 Low Rise (1 3) Mid Rise (4 6) High Rise (7+) Since 2000 The Share High Rise Multifamily Units Has Increased Significantly 8 4

5 Distribution of Building Ownership and Tenants Types Tenant Type Assisted Living Senior Housing No Restriction Low Income No Income restrictions All Types 6% <1% 1.5% 28% 2.3% 7.2% 66% 97% 91% All types 19% 81% 10 Building Ownership Type Low Rise Mid Rise High Rise All COOP <1% 5% 2% 1% Condo 9% 29% 39% 1 Corporate/REIT 43% 38% 46% 42% Individual 32% 24% 0 31% Public nonprofit 11% 2% 13% 11% Public Agency 5% 2% 0 5% Building Shell Performance Relativ ve Heat Loss Rate (Pre e 1955=10) Even With 5 Increase In Average Dwelling Unit Size, Overall Heat Lost Rates Are One Third Lower Than Pre Pre Post 2000 Relative Heat Loss/sq.ft. Total Heat Loss Average Dwelling Unit Size Relative Unit Size (Pre 1955=10) 5

6 High Rise Units The Lowest Heat Loss Rates Building Heat Loss/fq. Type ft. Unit Floor Area Low Rise Mid Rise High Rise Multifamily Units Are 5 Larger Than They Were in the1950s ling Unit Size (sq.ft.) Dwell Average Conditioned unit Floor Area (Sq. Ft. Pre Post

7 Most Multifamily Units are in Washington and Oregon 1,800 ltifamily Dwelling Units (100 00s) Mul 1,600 1,400 1,200 1, Oregon Washington Idaho Montana 13 Comparison of Demographic: Household Size 3.0 Oc ccupants per Home Single Family Manufactured Homes Multi family 14 7

Comparison of Demographics: Occupants by Age Group Number of Occupants 1.60 1.40 1.

00 Children Adults Seniors Single Family Multifamily Manufactured Homes 15 Fuel Choice

8 Comparison of Demographics: Occupants by Age Group Number of Occupants Children Adults Seniors Single Family Multifamily Manufactured Homes 15 Fuel Choice for Primary Heating System Market Share Single Family Multi Family Manufactured Homes Electric Gas Oil Pellets Propane Wood 16 8

9 Saturation of Air Conditioning Market Share Single Family Multi Family Manufactured Homes 17 Fuel Choice for Water Heating 10 8 Market Share 6 4 Single Family Multi Family Manufactured Homes Electric Gas Oil Propane Electric/Gas 18 9

10 Residential Lighting Lamps per Home Single Family Multi Family Manufactured Homes Note: Multifamily Includes Common Area Lighting 19 Multifamily Housing Lighting is Similar to Other Residential Housing Except in Common Areas Market Share Single Family Multi Family (common Area) Multi Family (units) Manufactured Homes Incandescent CFL Linear Fluorescent Halogen Other 20 10

11 Multifamily Dwellings Have Fewer Appliances Than Other Residential Housing Types Market Share Clothes washer Dryer Dishwasher Freezer Refrigerator Water Heater Single Family Multi Family (units) Manufactured Homes 21 Common Area Equipment 1 10 Market Share Elevators Pool (interior) Pool (exterior) Spas(exterior) Spas(interior) Low rise (1 3) Mid Rise (4 6) High Rise (7+) 11

Low-Rise and High-Rise Multifamily Buildings Use More per Dwelling

Normalized 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 Low Rise Mid Rise High Rise

Heating Energy 18,000 16,000 Annu ual Use (kwh/yr) 14,000 12,000

12 Low-Rise and High-Rise Multifamily Buildings Use More per Dwelling Unit Than Mid-Rise 12,000 10,000 A nnual Use (kwh/yr) Weather Normalized 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 Low Rise Mid Rise High Rise Common area/unit Unit 23 Multifamily Dwellings Use the Least Space Heating Energy 18,000 16,000 Annu ual Use (kwh/yr) 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 Single Family Multi Family Manufactured Homes 24 12

/year) Annual U 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Single Family Multi family (units) Manufactured home 25 Multifamily Dwellings

13 Multifamily Dwellings Use the Least Electric Space Heating Energy Even After Accounting for There Smaller Size 16 se (kwh/sq.ft./year) Annual U Single Family Multi family (units) Manufactured home 25 Multifamily Dwellings Use the Least Natural Gas Space Heating Energy Even After Accounting for There Smaller Size Ther rms/sq.ft./year Single Family Multi family (units) Manufactured home 26 13

Overall Energy Intensity of Multifamily Dwellings Is Far Less Than Other Residential Building Types l Annual Energy Us se (MBTU/year) Tota 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Single Family Multi Family

14 Overall Energy Intensity of Multifamily Dwellings Is Far Less Than Other Residential Building Types l Annual Energy Us se (MBTU/year) Tota Single Family Multi Family Manufactured Homes 27 In summary Residential Building Stock Assessment 2012 provides Council and the Region with: Better Baseline for 7 th plan Improved Load Forecasting Enhanced Conservation Assessment Help in Programdesign & implementation Special Thanks To: NEEA RBSA Team Utility RBSA Teams NEET (working group 1) Measuring What Matters 14

Water Use in the Multi family Housing Sector. Jack C. Kiefer, Ph.D. Lisa R. Krentz

Water Use in the Multi family Housing Sector Jack C. Kiefer, Ph.D. Lisa R. Krentz Presentation Overview Background on WRF 4554 Data sources Water use comparisons Examples of modeling variability in water