T h e C id c o a n d In f r a s t r u c t u r a l D e v e l o p m e n t in N a vi Mum bai: Pa r t II

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1 Chapter 7 T h e C id c o a n d In f r a s t r u c t u r a l D e v e l o p m e n t in N a vi Mum bai: Pa r t II 7.1 Housing Development CIDCO and Mass Housing CIDCO and Income Group-Wise Tenements CIDCO and Land Use Zones Views of Residents Regarding Housing CIDCO and Innovative NRI Projects 7.2 Social Development Socio-Urban Infrastructure CIDCO and Social Infrastructure CIDCO and Health Care Views of Residents Regarding Social Infrastructure CIDCO and Educational Infi'astructure CIDCO and Social Schemes for the PAP Views of PAP Respondent 7.3 Physical Infrastructure Water Supply Sewerage Electricity Views of Residents Regarding Physical Infrastructure 7.4 Environmental Development Smrutivan Plant Nurseries Beautification of Traffic Islands Views of Residents Regarding the Environment Piped Cooking Gas Supply Naming Roads after Trees Plantation under Transmission Lines 7.5 Analysis of Questionnaires of CIDCO Officials 7.6 Residents Views Regarding Developmental Aspects 7.7 The CIDCO: Opportunities and Strategies for Future Growth 7.8 Conclusion

2 Chapter 7 T he C id c o a n d In f r a s t r u c t u r a l D e v e l o p m e n t in Navi Mu m bai: Pa r t II 7.1 Housing Development The CIDCO's objective is to provide high-class construction at an affordable cost and build durable, strong, as well as quality houses. For this purpose, it has established a separate department for Mass Housing Projects. This department has also been awarded the ISO Certificate. As per Table 7.1, CIDCO has constructed 1,10,646 houses in Navi Mumbai up to March Types of houses 1 TABLE 7.1 CIDCO and Types o f Houses Constructed Number of houses BIJDP H W S& L IG (uplo25 sq.m.) MiG (26 50 sq.m.) MIG (above 50 sq.m.) Total Source: CK XT), Navi Mumbai Project Budget, D/AORAM 7.1 CIDCO and Types o f Houses Constructed 249

3 As per Diagram 7.1, out of these, 49 percent of the houses are for EWS/LIG, 29 percent for the middle income group (MIG), and 22 percent for the higher income group (HIG).^'^ Besides constructing tenements, CIDCO has also reserved land for co-operative housing societies, bungalows, row houses, and other social utility purposes CIDCO and Mass Housing The CIDCO has been constructing houses, mostly with loan assistance provided by HUDCO. The CIDCO has been continuously undertaking mass housing construction programs for two reasons: 1. To fulfill the objectives of reaching out to the two million population of Navi Mumbai, particularly for the LIG and MIG. 2. The corporation cannot get away from the construction of houses on a large scale since the private sector, including co-operative societies, cannot be depended upon for the creation of mass housing stock for a large number of people who cannot afford high cost houses. In fact, by having a mass public housing programs by CIDCO, it would be possible to check the rising prices of houses in the private market in Navi Mumbai. The CIDCO is mainly concentrating on the task of providing serviced land, development of infrastructure and community facilities in various nodes in Navi Mumbai, city level infrastructure, and also maintain co-ordination with multi-level agencies involved in the construction of houses for CIDCO. The accelerated demand for housing felt in recent years may be attributed to the development of wholesale commodity markets, offices, as well as industrial and commercial activities, coupled with distinct improvement in the public transport system. The new housing policy formulated by the Gol proposes that the public sector agencies should act more as a facilitator and not as a builder for the construction of affordable houses for all sections of the population. Towards this objective, the new participatory construction management approach of CIDCO will accelerate the pace CIDCO, Navi Mumbai Project Budget, , p

4 of construction of houses without sacrificing quality. The houses are constructed not departmentally, but with the help of outside consultants and reputed builders on a turnkey basis, where CIDCO plays the role of the prime co-coordinator and plays a general supervisory role. In view of this, it is possible for CIDCO to construct a large number of houses in the different nodes of Navi Mumbai by simultaneously engaging a sufficient number o f architects/developers/ project management consultants. All the lands in Navi Mumbai are given on lease, usually for a period of 60 years. Transfer of the leasehold right is allowed only subject to approval of the CIDCO (as Lessor) and subject to the terms and conditions contained in the Lease Deed. To facilitate the smooth transfer of property, the CIDCO has simplified the procedure for such transfer and made the calculation of transfer charges for certain built-up properties, as well as open plots easier. The number of documents required to be submitted along with such an application have also been reduced. In addition to this, all the powers for transfer have been delegated to the Assistant Estate Officers at the nodal level. It is expected that all such transfers shall be effected on the very same day that a completed form with all the required documents is submitted and suitable transfer charges paid. The CIDCO has adopted differential land disposal and pricing policies to make it affordable to all income groups and all land users. So far, 16 percent of land sale at market price has generated 75 percent internal revenues, making the Navi Mumbai project fully self-financed CIDCO and Income Group-wise Tenements As per Table 7.2 and Diagram 7.2, out of the total of houses constructed by CIDCO, Nerul accounted for a major share with tenements. Vashi comes next with tenements, Kopar Khairane third with tenements, Airoli fourth with tenements, Kalamboli next with tenements. New Panvel sixth next with 9656 tenements, CBD Belapur seventh with 8226 tenements, Sanpada eighth with 7525 tenements, Kharghar next with 4229 tenements, and Ghansoli tenth with 3539 tenements. Dronagiri accounted for the least number of tenements with only 528 tenement contructions. Till , the period of the 251

5 present study, major share o f the tenements were constructed in Nerul, Vashi, Kopar Khairane, Airoh, Kalamboli, New Panvel and CBD Bclapur. Development in Sanpada, Kharghar. Ghansoh, and Dronagiri nodes happened subsequently, which explains for their lower share in tenements. TABLE 7.2 Income Group-wise Tenements Constructed by CIDCO (as on ) Node BUDP EWS-LIG MIG HIG Total Airoli Kopar Khairane Vashi Sanpada Nerul CBD-Belapur Kharghar Kalamboli N ew Panvel Dronagiri Ghansoli Total Source: ww.cidcoindia.com DIAGRA Xf 7.2 CIDCO and Node-Wise Tenements A iro li Kop»r Khwran* Vash«as»np«tf«lN «n jl CBO M a p u r Kh*re«r akalamboh N«w Panv*< Oron«girl GMnftoll 7^1

6 DIAGRAM 7.3 CIDCO and Node-Wise and Income-Wise Tenements BUDP EWS-LIG MIG TYPE OF HOUSES HIG Total Alroli DKopar Khairane DVashi Sanpada D Nerul CBD-Belapur B Kharghar Kalamboli New Panvel 0 Dronagiri Ghansoli Total Table 7.2 and Diagram 7.3 show that in the EWS segment Vashi, Nerul and AiroH account for a major share, while Kharghar, Dronagiri and Ghansoli account for the least share. Among the six study nodes, i.e. Vashi, Nerul, CBD Belapur, Kharghar, Kalamboli and N ew Panvel, the first two account for a major share o f houses in the EWS segment; Vashi with 9367 tenements and Nerul with 6312 tenements. Kharghar accounts for the least share with 528 tenements. According to Table 7.2 and Diagram 7.3, in the MIG segment Nerul, Vashi and CBD Belapur account for a major share, while Kharghar, and Ghansoli account for the least share. Am ong the six study nodes, Vashi and Nerul account for a major share o f houses in the MIG segment (Nerul 7888 tenements and Vashi 5560 tenements). Kharghar accounts for the least with 624 tenements. According to Table 7.2 and Diagram 7.3, in the HIG segment Nerul, CBD Belapur and Vashi account for a major share, w hile Kharghar and Ghansoli account 253

7 for the least share. Among the six study nodes, Nerul and CBD Belapur account for a major share of houses in the HIG segment (Nerul 6662 tenements and CBD Belapur 3397 tenements). Kharghar accounts for the least with no tenements in this segment. The findings on income group-wise tenements under construction by CIDCO (as on March 31, 2003) are presented in Table 7.3. TABLE 7.3 Income Group-wise Tenements Under Construction by CIDCO (as on ) Node BUDP EWS- LIG MIG \ HIG Total Ghansoli (Sec-9)-Hafeez Ghansoli (Sec-9)-Gharondha Kopar Khairane (Reliance) (Beverly Hsg. Scheme) Sanpada (Millennium) Kharghar (Addl. Gharkul) Kharghar (Spagati Hsg.) Total Source: As per Table 7.3, as on March 31, 2003, there were 8996 tenements under construction by CIDCO, of which 6404 were in the EWS/LIG segment, 2241 tenements were in the HIG segment, and 351 in the MIG segment. All the 6404 tenements in the EWS/LIG segment were being constructed in the developing Ghansoli node. The CIDCO also took up a massive mass housing scheme by involving the private sector in designing, executing and monitoring the scheme. This demonstration by CIDCO in getting things done through private participation is now being followed by other organisations as well. Under this scheme, about 30,000 dwellings have been constructed for all strata of the society. 254

8 7.1.3 CIDCO and Land Use Zones The CIDCO has demarcated land at its disposal in Navi Mumbai into zones for different purposes. This is illustrated in Table 7.4. TABLE 7.4 Land Use Zones Sr. No. Land Use Zones Area Sq.Kms. Percent 1 Residential m.6 i Commercial Industrial Port Area Wholesale Market/Warehousing Regional Park Institutions Fishing & Allied Activities Transportation (Railways, Major Roads and Marshalling Yards) 10 No Development Zone (including defense lands) Total Notified Area Source: The CIDCO s proposed zoned land use plan is; sq.kms. for residential purpose, sq.kms. for regional parks, sq.kms. for industrial purposes, sq.kms. for no development zone, sq.kms. for transportation, 22.7 sq.kms. for the port area, 6.86 sq.kms. for wholesale markets and warehousing, 5.75 sq.kms. for commercial purpose, 3.44 sq.kms. for fishing and allied activities, and 1.09 sq.kms. for institutions Views of Respondents Regarding Housing For the present study, the views of the 302 respondents (residents) were recorded regarding the quality of houses, pricing of the houses and formalities 255

9 regarding purchase of houses. The data collected has been analyzed, tabulated and presented in the following manner. TABLE 7.5 Quality' o f Houses and Residents Satisfaction Response Percent ' Yes 57 No 43 Total 100 Source: Com piled from Questionnaires DIAGRAM 7.4 Residents and Quality o f Houses 60 IT 50 I I 20 ^ 10 0 X X 57 Response Yes No Table 7.5 and Diagram 7.4 shows that 57 percent of the residents were satisfied with the quality of the houses, and the remaining 43 percent were not satisfied with the quality of the houses. The reasons for dissatisfaction are given in Table 7.6 and Diagram 7.5. Out of the total dissatisfied residents, 89.1 percent residents cited leakage problems, 77.5 percent cited poor quality of construction, 60.9 percent cited sub-standard material used for construction, 41.3 percent felt the lack of parking facility, 39.1 percent cited no safety devices, 37.7 percent cited lack of innovative ideas in construction, and 35.5 percent felt that there was no provision for playgrounds. 256

10 TABLE 7.6 Reasons fo r Dissatisfaction with the Quality o f Houses Reasons Substandard Material used Leakage problems Percent Poor quality o f construction 77.5 No innovative ideas in construction 37.7 No parking space 41.3 No playgrounds 35.5 No safety devices 39.1 Source: Compiled from Questionnaires DIAGRAM 7.5 Quality o f CIDCO Houses No safe^deuices No play grounds No parking space No innovative ideas in construction Poor quality of construction 77.5 Leakage problem s h89.1 Substandard material used 60.9 An analysis was made to access the responses regarding the pricing of houses and the results are presented in Table 7.7. As per Table 7.7 and Diagram 7.6, 63.6 percent of the respondents are satisfied with the pricing of the houses in Navi Mumbai; the remaining 36.4 percent residents are not satisfied with the pricing of the houses in Navi Mumbai. 257

11 TAKLE 7.7 Residents and Pricing o f Houses Response Percent Yes 63.6 No 36.4 Total 100 Source: Compiled from Questionnaires DIAGRAM 7.6 Residents and Pricing o f Houses Table 7.8 gives the various reasons as to why the residents are not satisfied with the pricing of the houses. TABLE 7.8 Residents and Reasons for Dissatisfaction with Pricing o f Houses Reasons Price is high Percent 16 J Difficult to get finance 20.4 Installments are high 11.7 Down payment is high 16.5 No transparency in deal 20.4 Increase in price by private dealers 33 Any other 2.9 Source: Compiled from Questionnaires 258

12 DIAGRAM I J Reasons fo r Dissatisfaction with Prices Increase In price by private dealer No transparency in deal I20.4 Down payment is high II6.5 Installments are high III. 7 Difficult to get finance I20.4 Price is High As per Table 7.8 and Diagram 7.7, out of the 36.4 percent respondents who are not satisfied with the prices, 76.7 percent feel the prices are high, 33 percent feel that the prices are increased by private dealers, 20.4 percent each feel there is no transparency in the deals and difficulty in getting finance, 16.5 percent feel that the down payment is very high,l 1.7 percent feel that the installments are high, and 2.9 percent cited various other reasons like approach roads, amenities provided, etc. Table 7.9 shows the response of residents regarding formalities and procedures for purchase of houses. TABLE 7.9 Response o f Residents to the Formalities and Procedures in the Purchase o f a House Response Percent Yes 70 No 30 lota! 100 Source: Compiled from Questionnaires 259

13 DIAdRA M 7.H Formalities and Procedures in Purchase o f House yv es IN o As per Table 7.9 and Diagram 7.8, 70 percent of the respondents are satisfied with the fomiahties in purchasing a house; only 30 percent are not satisfied with the formalities relating to the purchase of a house. 7,1.5 CIDCO and Innovative NRI Projects The CIDCO had decided to build an exclusive housing colony for those NRIs, who wished to own a home in their motherland, and in a congenial environment. The NRI Housing Scheme was approved by the GoM and concerned departinents of the Gol. Location Before embarking on this project, every careful consideration was given to selection of the site, which would have the advantage of accessibility as well as a natural environment. Nerul node was identified as having these unique features and the project was initially designed on a 23 ha. plot with the provision for future expansion by about 10 ha. 260

14 The Design The NRI Complex is known as the Seawoods Estate and has its own clubhouse, swimming pool and shopping arcade in addition to several other features. The entire planning, designing, supervision, and execution was entrusted to a wellknown firm of consultants from Mumbai, the architect Hafeez Contractor, who has successfully executed a number of large building complexes and other landscaped projects in Mumbai like Hiranandani Gardens (Powai) and Greenfields (Andheri) at Mumbai, Konark Estates at Pune, and Saket at Thane. Transport Links The CIDCO NRI complex is just a 15 minutes walk from the Seawoods- Dharave Railway station on the Mankhurd-Belapur railway line. The proposal to link Mumbai and Navi Mumbai with a hovercraft service at Nerul adds value to the complex. The colony is served by wide roads, modem shopping centers, restaurants, school, etc. within the complex itself Supermarkets, cinemas, and medical facilities are located in close proximity to the complex at Nerul and CBD Belapur. The NRI complex is located just a few minutes drive from CBD Belapur. The CIDCO^s NRI complex offers the best o f two worlds the excitement o f being close to city life and the peace and tranquility o f country life. 7.2 Social Development Navi Mumbai has become a unique project by virtue of its pattern of development of housing infrastructure, method of finance and futuristic planning. The project also proved to be a testing ground for many new approaches in land use, public-private participation in providing civic amenities and public participation in creating transport infrastructure. Social infrastructure refers to those factors which render the human resources of a nation suitable for productive work. Navi Mumbai extends over an area of sq.kms. with the Thane Creek on its Western side, the Dharmtar Creek on the Southern side, Karanja Creek towards its Southeast and the Parsik Hill ranges in the East. The East-West Panvel Creek flows centrally through the area. Out of the total area, about 20 percent is low-lying and prone to tidal 261

15 submergence and the hill slopes are very steep. Thus, the total area available for development is in the form of a narrow strip lying in between the creeks and the Parsik Hill ranges. The CIDCO s approach to planning and balanced development of Navi Mumbai is extremely pragmatic. The well-planned metro is growing fast with all modem infrastructure, civic amenities, eco-friendly atmosphere and IT centers of international standards. The CIDCO has spared no efforts in making Navi Mumbai India s largest, totally planned, well-balanced, beautifiilly landscaped modem city. Navi Mumbai was initially planned for a population of 2 million by the year It was to comprise an agglomeration of 20 nodes having a population of about 2 lakhs each. Twelve of these nodes, namely, Airoli, CBD Belapur, Dronagiri, Ghansoli, Kalamboli, Kopar Khairane, Neml, New Panvel, Sanpada, Ulwe and Vashi, at present, are either developed or are in the process of being developed. As a planning and development organisation, CIDCO was expected to create facilities necessary for the evolution of a city, such as housing, jobs, physical and social infrastructure Socio-Urban Infrastructure Infrastmcture is important for a city to sustain itself and grow as a living organism. Like all living beings, cities also need constant flows of energy to maintain themselves. Movements of people, trade and commerce, and economy are affected by the changes in these flows. The city has the most congenial atmosphere for religious harmony. Its socio-urban infrastmcture fulfills all civic needs of modem city. The CIDCO has developed potable water sources for abundant supply in fiiture and reliable and adequate power supply has been planned in every node. Independent sewerage facility is provided for each node and effluent treatment plants are installed in most nodes. The CIDCO provides for: worship places for all religions in each node; spiritual centers like Vipasana and ISKON to take shape in near future; community centers, sports clubs and gymkhanas in every node; and 140 gardens and 80 playgrounds. 262

16 7.2.2 CIDCO and Social Infrastructure Navi Mumbai has emerged as a unique and well-planned new city. Considering the special situation that arises due to the heterogeneous background of the new settlers, CIDCO has attached considerable importance to the development of the quality of social life in Navi Mumbai. Care has been taken to cater to the citizens needs for a richer and meaningful life. Hence, each node has been developed to provide self-sufficiency in education, health, religious and sports infrastructure. Even in the age of modem science, the spiritual need of human being is unfulfilled; rather, the need is much more. Thus, CIDCO has allotted more than 200 plots for religious and other institutional purposes in every node. The land cost charged was at a subsidized rate. The CIDCO incidentally is one of the few urban development agencies in the country, which has a fiill-fledged social services department with qualified professionals. In the draft development plan itself, it was proposed that adequate importance would be given to social services in order to meet the increasing demands which may crop up due to the rising growth of urbanization. In all its planning efforts the CIDCO considered that the social services will develop through mutual cooperative effort of CIDCO and various voluntary agencies and government and semigovernment bodies. Navi Mumbai is essentially a city of migrants. They have brought with them diverse and varied components of their social and cultural heritage. To blend them all into a composite culture, the CIDCO has taken conscious efforts and community centers have been built in every node. These centers consist of a substantially large multi-purpose hall equipped with all amenities for ceremonies like weddings, felicitations, discourses, etc. It also provides a library-cum-reading room, dispensary, a social counselor s office, tailoring and craft classes for women, and indoor games hall. Along with the increase in the number of houses, there has been tremendous growth of social, educational, cultural and religious institutions in the past three 263

17 decades. Since its inception, CIDCO has given considerable importance to the development of the quality of social life. More than 103 schools and over 51 colleges are catering to the needs of Navi Mumbai students. Maharashtra (and more particularly Greater Mumbai) is the pioneer of social work in India. Some of the best and novel social welfare programmes are to be seen in Mumbai and Navi Mumbai has not lagged behind in this aspect. Social, religious and cultural organizations have been provided with adequate scope to promote their activities. Based on the composition of the population that has migrated to Navi Mumbai, it has been observed that Navi Mumbai is a miniature India, which has attracted people from various comers of the country bringing with them remarkable diversity. The CIDCO has made efforts for unifying it to make Navi Mumbai an ideal city to live in. It is undoubtedly this positive approach of CIDCO that has attempted to promote good quality of community life. It has not only developed educational institutions and community centers of its own, but has also provided land at concessional rates to voluntary organizations in their pursuit of social, religious, educational and cultural objectives CIDCO and Health Care The CIDCO has not neglected the health needs of the population of Navi Mumbai there are more than 78 small and big hospitals in Navi Mumbai. As a planning authority, CIDCO has introduced a three-tier system for the health care services here. The first-tier consists of small dispensaries known as Urban Health Posts, which provide general treatment, first-aid treatment, etc. These are run by private practitioners and by the NMMC. The second-tier consists of Primary Health Centers/Maternity and Child Health Centers, which provide services for prevention of various diseases covered under the National Health Programmes such as Leprosy, Malaria etc. The third-tier consists of hospital services of about minimum 100 beds, which provide medical care in eight common specialties with facilities of basic investigations and facility for major operations. 264

18 The CIDCO has complied with government norms of 2 beds per 1000 population and for the existing 10 lakhs population, approx. 2,000 general hospital beds have been provided. These hospital beds are provided through the hospitals constructed by CIDCO, the NMMC, charitable trusts, and private hospitals. The CIDCO has encouraged alternative systems of medicines and has supported the establishment of Ayurvedic, Homeopathic, and Naturopathy centers in Navi Mumbai. Every node of the city has hospitals in the vicinity of residential areas. Considering the need of modem hospitals where advanced surgery, investigations and specialized treatment can be provided, CIDCO has planned five super-specialty hospitals in Navi Mumbai, of which two one each in Vashi and Kharghar are in the planning phase. Once these super-specialty hospitals are developed in the next five years, it will cater to the needs of the residents to have facility of advanced medical technology in Navi Mumbai itself It will also be useful to the people from the Konkan region of Maharashtra, i.e. from Sindhudurg and Ratnagiri districts. A super-specialty hospital is being developed by the Tata Memorial Center at Kharghar, where advanced treatment and research in cancer will be available. A specialized Bums Hospital is being developed by Indian Bums Research Society at Airoli Views o f Residents Regarding Social Infrastructure An analysis of the questionnaires received from 302 residents reveals the following findings regarding views on social facilities like hospitals. TABLE 7.10 Residents and Social Infrastructure Response Percent Yes 61.6 No 38.4 Total 100 Source: Compiled from questionnaires 1 As per Table 7.10 and Diagram 7.9, 61.6 percent of the respondents are satisfied with the social facilities provided in Navi Mumbai, while 38.4 percent are 265

19 not satisfied with the social facihties in Navi Mumbai. Therefore, it can be concluded that majority o f the residents are satisfied with the social facilities in Navi Mumbai. DIAGRAM 7.9 Residents and Social Facilities CIDCO and Educational Infrastructure Schools and colleges in Navi Mumbai are easily accessible to the residential areas o f all the nodes. The city is self-sufficient in higher education facilities in different faculties like management, engineering, polytechnic colleges, medical colleges, science, arts & commerce colleges, dental and architecture colleges, law colleges, and pharmacy as well as nursing colleges. There are also institutes which offer courses leading to a Bachelor s Degree or a Diploma in Education, and even a Bachelor's Degree in Physical education. A variety o f educational facilities ranging from preparatory schools to professional and vocational centers are available in Navi Mumbai. Since Navi Mumbai comprises a number o f self-contained townships, efforts have been made to promote the self-sufficiency o f each township in terms o f education. Educational facilities are categorized into three major divisions, viz., (i) Primary to Higher Secondary School, (ii) Junior and Sr. Colleges o f Arts. Science and Commerce, as well as vocational courses, and (iii) Other higher educational courses. 266

20 The policy adopted by the GoM regarding provision of schooling facilities is being followed by CIDCO in Navi Mumbai. About 22.5 percent of the total population are school-going children and adequate provision to absorb them in each node has been made. Unless one has a certain preference, one need not visit another node to fulfill schooling needs. Schools in Navi Mumbai offer State Education Board Syllabus, Central Board of Secondary Education and Indian Council of School Education patterns. For junior or senior colleges, as well as vocational colleges, adequate provisions have been made in each node. The educational institutions in Navi Mumbai cater to not only its own residents but also to those residents from nearby areas. An analysis of the questionnaires received from 302 residents of Navi Mumbai brings forth the following findings: TABLE 7.11 Residents and SchooWCollege-going Children Response Percent Yes 76.2 No 23.8 Total 100 Source: Compiled From Questionnaires As per Table 7.11 and Diagram 7.10, a majority of the residents (76.2 %) have school-zcollege-going children in their families; the remaining 23.8 percent do not have school-/college-going children. 267

21 DIAGRAM 7.10 Residents and School-/College-fioing Children % Response Yes BNo Table 7.12 and Diagram 7.11 show that a majority o f the residents (85%) o f the residents who have school-/college-going children send their children to schools and colleges in Navi Mumbai. Only 15 percent send their children to schools/colleges outside Navi Mumbai. TABLE 7.12 Children Studyinff in Navi Mumbai Response Percent Yes S5 No 15 lotal 100 Source: Compiled from Questionnaires 26S

22 DIACRAM 7.11 Children Studying in I\ avi Mumbai % 100 > 6fr- / I RESPONSE Yes BNo As per Diagram 7.12, 49.1 percent of the respondents are satisfied with the educational facilities provided in Navi Mumbai, 30.2 percent feel it is good, 14.4 percent are not satisfied, and 14 percent feel it is excellent. Therefore, the general feeling is the availability of good educational facilities in Navi Mumbai. DIAGRAM 7.12 Educational Facilities Provided Not satisfied Satisfied Good 3 Excellent 269

23 7.2.6 CIDCO and Social Schemes for the PAP CIDCO s 12.5 Percent Housing Scheme Rehabilitation is a continuous process as far as the PAP of Navi Mumbai are concerned. In irrigation projects, the affected families are totally uprooted and shifted to another location, new houses are built for them and alternate agricultural lands and other occupations are provided. But in Navi Mumbai, only the land under use for agriculture and saltpans were acquired. The original gaothans with houses and other inft'astructure were not only kept intact, but also developed by providing basic amenities and fiirther encouraging the process of absorption of the rural population into the new urban setting, so as to enable them to participate fiilly and actively in its economic and social life. Both the GoM and CIDCO have remained sensitive to the problem of rehabilitation of the local people, right ft'om the time of CIDCO s inception. They have given high priority to the problems of the PAP and launched a comprehensive rehabilitation program for them. This program is ongoing and will continue for as long as the Navi Mumbai project continues. The focus is on the upgradation of living standards of the PAP and enhancement of their socio-economic and political status., As pointed out earlier, the PAP had continuously been agitating against the inadequate compensation paid for their lands and wanted CIDCO to revert part of the developed land to them, which would be usefiil to them for enhancing their financial position. The government accepted the demand of 12.5 percent land allotment to the PAP in lieu of the land acquired from them. 270

24 DIAGRAM 7.13 Allotment of Land L nder the 12.5percent Scheme 80 -r ni I < ) < I Area (H a.) Y ear I Area (H a.) As per Diagram 7.13, during CIDCO allotted 22 ha. land to the PAP; in CIDCO allotted 15 ha; in CIDCO allotted 18 ha.; in CIDCO allotted 25 ha.; in CIDCO allotted 35 ha.; and in CIDCO allotted 72 ha. to the PAP. Improvement in Infrastructure The PAP are getting 12.5 percent of their land at concessional rates but without adequate developed infrastructure. This is resulting in differential development facilities leading to lack of hamiony in the development. The CIDCO has taken steps to correct this imbalance and integrate the 12.5 percent area into mainstream development in the developing areas. The CIDCO has proposed that the buyers of PAP land would be charged Rs.l200 per sq.m. towards transfer charges. The amount thus collected would be utilized for upgrading infrastructure facilities. Similarly, the PAP will be charged Rs.500 per sq.m. for the upgraded infrastructure. This upgraded infrastructure will include wide asphalted roads, tap water supply, underground sewerage system, storm water drainage, street illumination, etc. 271

25 CIDCO and Local HRD The CIDCO s contribution in developing local human resources while setting up the new city of Navi Mumbai is noteworthy on many counts. First and foremost is the satisfaction of the PAP to a large extent. The second equally important aspect is getting the project through smoothly irrespective of many odds like unrest of local villagers, unavailability of required skills and maintaining equilibrium of demand and supply of shelter for all. Initially, there was stubborn resistance from the local people to the implementation of the project. They were afraid of losing their livelihood and faced uncertainties about their future. They were also reluctant to accept urbanization which would bring about a change in their lifestyle. To quell this unrest, CIDCO adopted a policy of psychological rehabilitation, rather than physical rehabilitation. Enhancing Educational Standards o f the Young Generation o f PAP It was necessary to improve the educational standards of the young generation that formed the backbone of the then existing society to cope with the fixture. The CIDCO provided education at different levels: conventional education; job-oriented training to illiterates; and technical training to the semi-literates. The CIDCO also constructed classrooms for primary and secondary schools and offered grant-in-aid for constructing college buildings and infrastructure like books for library and equipments for laboratory, fiimiture and fixtures. The CIDCO initiated a scheme of paying stipends to the wards of PAPs. The beneficiaries were mainly from the age group of years. The main objectives of the scheme were to: share financial burden; encourage the parents and children to take up higher education; help them get employment after acquiring higher education; and uplift and improve educational standards. The percentage of the PAP wards taking up education increased because of the above facility. Through the technical centers set up by CIDCO and through 272

26 government technical institutions, the wards of the PAP were trained in different trades. Those PAP students who were unable to take up higher education due to lack of intellectual development were given the option to take up technical training. This was done for the following reasons: a) To increase the chances of employment by offering technical trades. b) To help them start their own business after acquiring technical training in trades like welding, fitting, wiring, TV and radio technicians, etc. Providing Income Sources The CIDCO created alternative sources of income for the local unskilled and uneducated laborers and youth PAP. All these efforts have helped the PAP to raise their financial, educational and social standard of living. This has also helped them to assimilate into the urban enviroimient and compete with them. The measures taken up are; a) Provide petty loans to start small business of paan-bidi shops, grocery shop, milk shop, etc. b) Provide petty contracts of garden maintenance, road cleaning and garbage collection, etc. c) Provide stalls to start small businesses. d) Provide quarry license to the PAP. This is a very lucrative business with scope for ancillary development of road transport business. e) Provide small contract up to Rs. 2 lakhs under the A2 scheme to the PAP. Because of this, some PAP have become big and medium size contractors. f) Provide alternative source of income to fishermen s co-operative societies by giving holding ponds on a leave and license basis for fishing. These are also given to societies formed by the PAP. g) Permit and encourage labour co-operative societies formed by saltpan workers to participate in small contracts. 273

27 7.2.7 Views o f the PAP Respondents The view s o f 63 PAP were recorded to find out their views on the role played by CIDCO in providing better facilities to them. The survey conducted by the researcher considered the following aspects: compensation received, welfare facilities, developm ent activities o f CIDCO, etc. As per Table 7.13 and Diagram 7.14, 76.2 percent o f the PAP who responded had received compensation from CIDCO, and 23.8 percent responded in the negative. This shows that majority o f the respondents had received compensation from CIDCO. Response TABLE 7.13 Compensation Received by PAP Percent Yes 162 No 23.8 Total 100 Source: Compiled from Questionnaires DIAGRAM 7.14 PAP and Compensation -7e.2- Yes No RESPONSE An attempt was made by the researcher to find out the form o f compensation received by PAP, which is shown in Table As per Table 7.14 and Diagram 7.15, percent o f the PAP responded to having received compensation in cash,

28 pcrccnt received compensation in the fomi o f substitute developed land, while 12.5 percent received com pensation in other forms. TABLE 7.14 PAP and Form o f Compensation Form of Compensation Cash Percent 82.1 Substitute Developed Land 71.4 Other Forms 12.5 Source: Compiled from Questionnaires DIAGRAM 7.15 PAP and the Compensation Received % Com pensation 12.5 Cash Substitute Developed Land Other An attempt was also made by the researcher to find out the satisfaction with compensation o f PAP, which is shown in Table

29 TAHLE 7.15 P A P and Satisfaction with Com pensation Response Percent Yes 33.3 No 66.7 Iota! 100 Source: C'ompiled from Questionnaires DIAGRAM 7.16 PAP and Satisfaction with Compensation As per Table 7.15 and Diagram 7.16, 66.7 percent of the respondents who received compensation from CIDCO are not satisfied; the remaining 33.3 percent are satisfied with the compensation received. So, majority of the respondents who received compensation are not satisfied. The CIDCO should concentrate on this matter and see that justice is done to the PAP. An attempt was made by the researcher to find out the reasons of the PAP for dissatisfaction with the compensation received. The results are presented in Table

30 TABLE 7.16 Reasons f o r D issatisfaction by PA P regarding Com pensation ' Reason Percent Not enough com pensation in cash 75.7 Not enough com pensation in developed land 37.8 Source: Com piled from Questionnaires As per Table 7.16, 75.7 percent are dissatisfied as they feel that the compensation amount in cash was not enough; and 37.8 percent respondents feel that they have not got enough compensation in developed land. An attempt was made by the rescarcher to find out about the awareness of the welfare facilities provided by CIDCO for the PAP. This is presented in Table TABLE 7.17 CIDCO and Welfare Facilities fo r PAP Response Percent Yes 54 No 46 Total 100 Source: Com piled Yom Questionnaires DIAGRAM 7.17 CIDCO and Welfare Facilities fo r PAP 277

31 According to Table 7.17 and Diagram 7.17, 54 percent of the PAP are aware of the welfare facilities provided by CIDCO, while 46 percent are not aware of the welfare facilities. The attempt to find out the various welfare measures provided by CIDCO for the PAP is shown Table As per Table 7.18 and Diagram 7.18, 94 percent of the respondents are aware of the stipends offered to PAP children, 10 percent are aware of the technical training facilities, 4 percent are aware of reservation in jobs (mainly allotment of contracts), 4 percent are aware of other welfare measures, and 2 percent are aware of the self-employment schemes. Therefore, fi-om the above analysis, it can be concluded that CIDCO should make more efforts to familiarize the PAP with the various schemes. TABLE 7.18 PAP and Welfare Measures Provided by CIDCO Welfare Measures Percent Self-employment Schemes 2 Stipend for higher education for PAP Children 94 Technical Training 10 Reservation in Jobs 4 Any other 4 Source: Compiled from Questionnaires 278

32 DIAGRAM 7.18 PAP and Welfare Measures Provided by CIDCO An attempt was made by the researcher to find out the awareness o f PAP regarding the various developmental activities o f CIDCO. This is presented in Table 7.19 and and Diagram 7.19, wherein 49.9 percent o f the PAP who responded are aware o f the social developmental activities o f CIDCO, 40.8 percent are aware o f the rehabilitation measures, 32.7 percent are aware o f the housing activities, 18.4 percent are aware o f the education developmental activities, 6.1 are aware o f the social activities, 4.1 percent o f other developmental activities, and only 2 percent are aware o f the economic activities. Most o f the PAP who responded are only aware o f the infrastructural and rehabilitafional activities o f CIDCO. The CIDCO should make efforts to familiarize the PAP with its all-round developmental activities. TABLE 7.19 Developmental Activities o f CIDCO Developmental Activities Percentage Social activities 6.1 Economic activities 2.0 Housing 32.7 Infrastructural Development 46.9 Educational Development 18.4 Rehabilitation 40.8 Any other 4.1 ' 279

33 Si)iirce: Compiled from Questionnaires DIAGRA Xt 7.19 Developmental Activities oj CIDCO 48.9 DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES Social Acivities Econom ic Activities Housing Infrastructural Development Educational Developm ent An attempt was made by the researcher to find out the percentage of PAP who had received direct benefits from CIDCO's developmental activities. This is shown in Table TABLE 7.20 Direct Benefit from CIDCO's Developmental Activities Response Percent Yes 14.3 No 85.7 lotal 100 Source: Compiled from Questionnaires 280

34 D IA G R A M 7.20 D irect B enefit of D evelopm ental A ctivities by PAP According to Table 7.20 and Diagram 7.20, only 14.3 percent of the PAP received direct benefit from the developmental activities of CIDCO, which led to discontent among the PAP. Therefore, CIDCO should take up more measures for the benefit of the PAP. An attempt was made by the researcher to find the various developmental activities of CIDCO and the direct benefit PAP received from these activities. This is presented in Table TABLE 7.21 PAP and Benefit from I arioiis Developmental Activities Benefti from various JevelopmenUtl activities Percent Social 16.7 Hconomic 8.3 Infrastructural 8.3 liducational 50 Rehabilitation 41.7 Others 8.3 Source: C'onipiled from Questionnaires 2X1

35 D IA G R A M 7.21 P A P and B enefit from Various D evelopm ental A ctivities % A ctivities Social E co n o m ic Infrastructural Educational Rehabilitation O th e rs Table 7.21 and Diagram 7.21, show that 16.7 percent o f the respondent PAP who have received direct benefit from developmental activities o f CIDCO have received it from social activities, 8.3 percent each have received the direct benefit from economic and infrastructural activities, 50 percent from educational activities, and 41.7 percent from rehabilitation activities. So majority o f the PAP have received direct benefit from the educational and rehabilitation activities o f CIDCO. An attempt was made by the researcher to find out the opinion o f the PAP regarding various aspects o f development CIDCO excelled in. The results are presented in Table Table 7.22 and Diagram 7.22 show that 3.2 percent o f the PAP feel that CIDCO has excelled in social aspects o f development, 32.3 percent feel CIDCO has excelled in housing aspect o f development, 9.7 percent feel CIDCO has excelled in educational aspect o f development, 51.6 percent feel CIDCO has excelled in rehabilitational aspects o f development, and 3.2 percent feel CIDCO has excelled in other aspects. Majority o f the PAP feel CIDCO has excelled in rehabilitational and housing aspects o f development. 282

36 TABLE 7.22 Various Aspects o f Development that CIDCO Excels in Developmental Aspects Percent Social 3.2 Housing 32.3 Education 9.7 Rehabilitation 51.6 Others 3.2 Source; Compiled from Questionnaires DIAGRAM 7.22 Various Aspects o f Development that CIDCO Excels in REHABILITATION c ~ : 51.6 o Q) Q. (/3 < EDUCATION HOUSING CZD 9.7 r ^ SOCIAL ) % An attempt was made by the researcher to find out the overall satisfaction level o f the PAP, which is shown in the Diagram This Diagram concludes the analyses o f the questionnaires circulated to the PAP to study the role o f CIDCO in the development o f Navi Mumbai. According to the above Diagram, 76.2 percent o f the respondent PAP has received compensation, 54 percent o f them were aware o f the welfare facilities provided by CIDCO, 14.3 percent o f them felt they have received the direct benefits o f the developmental acfivities o f CIDCO in Navi Mumbai. Though CIDCO has given compensation to the PAP, there is dissatisfaction among them and many o f them are not aware o f the welfare measures and developmental activities o f CIDCO. There has to be more transparency in CIDCO s dealings and for 283

37 future developmental activities to be successful, the CIDCO has to take the PAP into confidence. DIAGRAM 7.23 PAP and Satisfaction Level K Received compensator! Welfare faciliteis Direct benefit 7.3 Physical Infrastructure The CIDCO has provided physical infrastructure like water, electricity, and sewerage system in Navi Mumbai in order to make the life o f the citizen more comfortable. W hile developing the planned city o f Navi Mumbai, CIDCO converted the rural land into urban land resulting in the change in the lifestyle o f the local areas Water Supply The CIDCO was originally getting water from MIDC and M W SSB. In order to augment this water supply, the World Bank approved a scheme for supply from Patalaganga through the M W SSB. Still further augmentation o f water was made from Hetawane dam located at 40 kms. South o f Navi Mumbai. The CIDCO had decided to develop is own source o f water supply at Banganga River to meet the long-term needs o f Navi Mumbai. The M W SSB also took up the construction o f Morbe dam. At present, the water supply available in Navi Mumbai is 165 million liters per day from the two dams. It is proposed to supply 1500 million liters per day by

38 The infrastructure for water supply has been planned by dividing the city into 14 nodes. Each node is divided in sub-sectors where Elevated Storage Reservoir and Ground Storage Reservoir are provided to fulfill the demand of residents. The maintenance of peripheral and main line is carried out by CIDCO. Service connection is given to each society and maintenance of water supply beyond the metering point is to be carried out by individual societies Sewerage The sewerage system in Navi Mumbai is entirely underground, and runs on gravity and pumping mechanisms. The Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in each node treat the sewage, and the standards of Maharashtra Pollution Control Board are met before the treated effluent is discharged into the creeks. The treated effluent from the STP at CBD Belapur is being reused for watering the plantation nearly. Decentralised Package Treatment Plants are being now developed at specific locations such as railway stations and on the hills. The villages located at lower levels are taken care of by special holding pond system Electricity Electrification is a distinguishing factor between rural and urban life. Speediness and modernization are urban phenomena that make the use of electricity inevitable. The CIDCO, while developing Navi Mumbai in a planned manner, converted rural land into urban land, resulting in a change in the lifestyle of the local areas. Electricity has the power to bring about the drastic change in creating infrastructure. Therefore, CIDCO constituted a separate electrical circle for the city. In Navi Mumbai, electricity is supplied by the Maharashtrta State Electricity Board (MSEB), which has large receiving stations at Kalwa and Apta. The MSEB has constructed a gas turbine power station at Uran, based on gas supply from Bombay High. The MSEB has also set up a number of sub-stations and low tension (LT) lines to supply electric power to houses, service industries, institutions, etc. in Navi Mumbai. 285

39 The basic objective of CIDCO s electric circle, which works in co-ordination with the MSEB, is to provide civic amenities related to power infrastructure. This includes planning, installation, operation and maintenance of; (i) city illumination like street lighting in every node; (ii) drinking water pumping plant, sewerage plant and storm water pumping plant; (iii) commercial and residential complexes; (iv) electrical and mechanical equipments of railway projects under CIDCO's supervision; and (v) shifting and modifying Extra High Tension, High Tension, and LT lines that infringe CIDCO s development plan. The MSEB has set up its Navi Mumbai headquarters at Vashi, which is headed by a Superintending Engineer and assisted by the necessary subordinate staff. The CIDCO looks forward to move ahead with latest technologies to make life happier for residents of this township. One such high-tech system is also being implemented in Kharghar. The present 33 kilovolts network of MSEB s overhead system has certain drawbacks in maintaining uninterrupted power supply and also spoils the aesthetics of the area. The CIDCO has planned an underground network of 33 kilovolts through ducts. This will avoid potential cable fault in case of road digging. The Main Ring Unit plarmed for the 11 kilovolts network are with SF6 insulation vacuum circuit breakers, which will be accident and maintenance free. The hi-tech equipments will be maintenance-free and there will be no shut down for maintenance of the same. The entire power system has been plarmed in a ring system, including the 33 kilovolt power supply. There will be two rings for the 33 kilovolt network and multi-rings for the 11 kilovolts systems. Such kind of power supply will be stable all the time. In furtherance to this, the CIDCO has planned the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) to be operated from main receiving station at Kharghar. In case of any interruption in power supply, the same shall be attended through the SCADA, which could be restored within a minute. This system shall considerably reduce humanpower and act like a semi-auto system. The CIDCO is engaged in giving the best possible services to people staying in Navi Mumbai. With a view to facilitate the residents to get power supply 286

40 connection easily, CIDCO in collaboration with the MSEB has introduced a Single Window System in Kharghar. The residents can now fill up the necessary forms, pay all required charges and get electric supply without any hassles. Payment of monthly electricity bills and any grievances regarding failure of power supply or excess billing also could get solved here. This facility is available for temporary as well as permanent connections. On allotment of plot or flat by CIDCO, all that the residents have to do is to approach CIDCO s Kharghar Nodal Office at Single Window. The CIDCO-MSEB tie-up for Kharghar is the first of its kind to have a single window clearance for power supply connection. It is beneficial in following respects; (i) saves time and money; (ii) eliminates lengthy procedures; (iii) gets rid of red-tapism; (iv) relieves mental tensions; (v) provides quick solutions to complaints; and (vi) provides hassle-fi ee service. An attempt was made by the researcher to find out the opinion of residents regarding electricity, which is shown in Table As per Table 7.23 and Diagram 7.24, 15.6 percent of the residents who responded feel the electricity supply in Navi Mumbai is not good, 35.8 percent of the residents feel it is satisfactory, 39.1 percent feel it is good, 9.6 percent feel it is very good. Therefore, CIDCO has to improve the provision of the above infi-astructure in Navi Mumbai. Response TABLE 7.23 Residents and Electricity Percent Not Good 15.6 Satisfactory 35.8 Good 39.1 Very Good 9.6 Total 100 Source: Compiled from Questionnaires 287

41 n ia d R A M 7.24 Residents and Electricity Not Good Satisfactory DGood Very Good Views o f Residents Regarding Physical Infrastructure An attempt was made by the researcher to find out the opinion o f the residents regarding physical infrastructure, which is shown in the Table Response TABLE 7.24 Residents and Physical Infrastructure Percent Yes 72.5 No 27.5 lotal 100 Source: Compiled from Questionnaires As per Table 7.24 and Diagram 7.25, 72.5 percent o f the residents are satisfied with the physical infrastructure like water, electricity, etc.. provided by CIDCO, while 27.5 percent are not satisfied with the physical infrastructure provided. 288

42 D IA G R A M 7.25 Residents and P hysical Infrastructure 7.4 Environmental Development The topography o f the notified area o f Navi Mumbai consists o f a hilly portion from Uran, Belapur to Kalwa covering an area o f about 21 sq.kms. These hills are located to the East o f the Thane-Belapur MIDC industrial belt as well as in the South from Ulwe to Gavan and Jasai village. The CIDCO has undertaken a massive afforestation program on these hills during the past few years. So far, the CIDCO has covered 400 ha. and planted 1,700,000 trees, including roadside plantations in the different nodes and open spaces o f Navi Mumbai. Besides this program o f afforestation, CIDCO has also developed 175 gardens. The Horticulture Department o f CIDCO has done a commendable job here. They have won many certificates and awards for the development and maintenance o f gardens, lawns, etc. These awards were won in different vegetables fruit and flower shows conducted by the Friends o f the Trees Smrutivan Smrutivan is a novel movement o f planting a tree to commemorate any event in one s life, whether pleasant or painful. These trees are not planted by any authority, but by the people them selves. Thus, the whole essence o f this m ovem ent is active 289

43 participation of the people. Any person can plant a tree in the memory of a person or an event. At the time of planting, an amount will have to be paid as contribution, and CIDCO will look after that tree. An aluminum plate with the common name and the botanical name of the tree, the name of the person, the event being commemorated and the person planting the tree shall be kept at the place Plant Nurseries The CIDCO has established six nurseries to provide saplings for the purpose the afforestation program, planting trees in open spaces, along roadsides, and also to provide saplings to the residents of Navi Mumbai and institutions. The CIDCO has propagated various types o f trees, bushes, creepers, indoor plants, etc Beautification o f Traffic Islands With a view to beautify Navi Mumbai, the CIDCO has decided to develop traffic islands at different cross-roads and points with the help of reputed private agencies. It was decided to name these traffic islands after soldiers and officers fi'om Maharashtra in the Army, Navy and Air Force, who have been decorated with the Param Veer Chakra award and martyrs who had laid down their lives for the country during the freedom movement Views o f Residents Regarding Environment An attempt was made by the researcher to find out the opinion of residents regarding environment, playgrounds and gardens, which is shown in Table TABLE 7.25 Residents and Environment, Playgrounds and Gardens Responses Percent Not Good 26.2 Satisfactory 37.1 Good 27.5 Very good 9.3 Total 100 Source: Compiled from Questionnaires 290

44 D IA G R A M 7.26 Residents and Environm ent, Playground and Cardens Not Good Satisfactory DGood Very Good As per Table 7.25 and Diagram 7.26, 26.2 percent of the respondents feel that the environment, playgrounds and gardens in Navi Mumbai is not good, 37.1 percent of the respondents feel it is satisfactory, 27.5 percent feel it is good and 9.3 percent feel it is very good Piped Cooking Gas Supply Navi Mumbai has the advantage of its proximity to the Oil and Natural Gas Commission s on-shore terminal complex where millions of cubic meters of natural gas is available and a large part of it is flared in the atmosphere. The CIDCO had, therefore, submitted a proposal to the Ministry of Petroleum, Gol, for allocating natural gas for domestic and industrial use in Navi Mumbai. The piped gas distribution system covers industrial users located in the TBIB and at Taloja. It is proposed that the Millennium Towers at Sanpada would receive piped gas supply Naming Roads after Trees As a New Town Development Authority, CIDCO is deeply concerned about improving and maintaining the environment in Navi Mumbai. With a view to highlight the importance of trees and tree plantations which preserve the environment, CIDCO has decided to name the roads in Navi Mumbai after trees. The trees, after 291

45 which the roads are named, are planted on both sides of the road. This project was inaugurated by Shri. Sushilkumar Shinde, then Minister for Urban Development, GoM on March 17, Roads were named as Neem Marg, Peepal Marg, Aamra Marg, Jamul Marg, Chinch Marg, Vad Marg, etc Plantation Under Transmission Lines Unauthorized development under transmission lines in towns, cities and industrial estates is a common sight every where in the country. The CIDCO has developed these areas and is using it productively by promoting plant nurseries and vegetable/flower farming. Thus, green belts have been developed under transmission lines. The area under power lines are fenced and notionally sub-divided into strips of land for allotment. Alongside each strip, the CIDCO will construct a structure for the gardeners and watchmen. A part of the structure will be used for keeping seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and gardening implements. Wherever groundwater is available, it will be used for irrigation. Treated industrial effluents are looked upon as a major source for irrigation. Apart from this material being useful for irrigation, it also has nutritional value for plants. A dialogue was entered with the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre for treating the industrial effluents with gamma rays. The land would be allotted on license to anybody intending to undertake to use the land for plant nurseries, vegetable/flower farming, medicinal shrubs and plants, citronella and lemon grass. The conditions of license includes payment of deposit and license fee charges for effluents, restriction on heights of plants to facilitating maintenance of the transmission lines, no compensation for any damage arising out of maintenance of the transmission lines or any accident, etc. This proposal can be implemented in all urban areas and industrial estates where land under the transmission lines is acquired by the power supplying authority and industrial development corporation. The central idea for this CIDCO model is to project the area and to beautify it and to use it productively. 292

46 7.5 Analysis of Questionnaires of CIDCO Officials The views of the CIDCO officials were also recorded to conduct an unbiased study of the role of CIDCO in the development of Navi Mumbai. A total of 21 responses were recorded, findings analyzed, and are presented as follows: Views o f CIDCO Officials regarding Important Aspects of Development TABLE 7.26 CIDCO Officials and Important Aspects o f Development Important Aspects o f Development Percent Social 75 Economical 60 Infrastructural 90 Environmental 40 Source: Compiled from Questionnaires As per Table 7.26 and Diagram 7.27, 90 percent of the officials feel CIDCO has concentrated on infi-astructural development, 75 percent feel CIDCO has concentrated on social aspects of development, 60 percent feel CIDCO has concentrated on economic aspects of development, and 40 percent feel CIDCO has concentrated on environmental aspects. 293

47 D IA G R A M 7.27 C W C O O fficials and Im portant A spects o j D evelopm ent Views of C/DCO Officials Regarding Success in Creating Navi Mumbai as the City of the Century An attempt was made by the researcher to find out the opinion of the CIDCO officials regarding success in creating Navi Mumbai as the city of the 21 ' century which is shown Table TABLE 7.27 CIDCO s Success in Creating Navi Mumbai as the City o f the 21st Century Respmtse Percent Yes 90.5 No 9.5 Total 100 Source: Compiled from Questionnaires As per Table 7.27 and Diagram 7.28, 90.5 percent of the officials who responded feel that CIDCO has been succcssful in creating Navi Mumbai as the city of the 21*' century. Only 9.5 percent of the officials felt that CIDCO was not successful in creating this image. 294

48 D IA G R A M 7.28 C ID CO and \ a v i M um hai as the City o f the 21st Century' Factors for the Success in Creating Navi l\/lumbai as the City of the 21^* Century An attempt was made by the researcher to find out the opinion of the CIDCO officials regarding the factors responsible for the success in creating Navi Mumbai as the city of the 21st century. This is presented in Table As per Table 7.28 and Diagram 7.29, 73.7 percent of the CIDCO officials who felt Navi Mumbai was the city of the 21 ' century, felt that this was due to social measures, 52.6 percent felt it was due to economic measures, 57.9 percent felt it was due to its unique housing programs, 84.2 percent felt it was due to infrastructural development, and 10.5 percent felt it was due to other reasons like organizing cultural events, innovative and advance planning. So, a majority of them felt that the social and infrastructural measures of CIDCO are responsible for creating Navi Mumbai as the city of the 2P' century. 295

49 TABLE 7.28 F actors Responsible f o r C reating N avi M um bai as the City o f the 2 T Century Factors Percent Social measures 73.7 Economical measures 52.6 Unique housing 57.9 Infrastructure 84.2 Any Other 10.5 Source: Compiled from Questionnaires D IAGRAM 7.29 Factors Responsible fo r Creating Navi Mumbai as the City o f the 21^' Century FACTORS REPONSIBLE FOR CREATING NAVI MUMBAI AS CITY OF THE 21st CENTURY % 90 80^ FACTORS 84:2- SOCIAL MEASURES UNIQUE HOUSING ANY OTHER ECONOMIC MEASURES IN FRASTRUCTURE 7.6 Residents Views Regarding Developmental Aspects The view s o f the residents were also recorded to find out their opinion about the various developm ental aspects o f CIDCO Views o f Residents Regarding Roads in Navi Mumbai An attempt was made by the researcher to find out the opinion o f the residents regarding roads in Navi Mumbai, which is shown in Table

50 TABLE 7.29 Residents and Opinion on the Roads in N avi M um bai Responses Percent Not Good 21.5 Satisfactory 37.4 Good Very good 10.9 Total Source: Compiled from Questionnaires DIAGRAM 7.30 Residents and Opinion o f Roads in Navi Mumbai R e s p o n s e H Not Good Satisfactory BGood Very good As per Table 7.29 and Diagram 7.30, 21.5 percent o f the respondents feel the roads in Navi Mumbai is not good, 37.4 percent feel it is satisfactory, 30.1 percent feel it is good, and 10.9 percent feel it is very good Views of Residents Regarding Planning and Development of Various Nodes An attempt was made by the researcher to find out the opinion o f the residents regarding the role o f CIDCO in planning and development o f various nodes in Navi Mumbai, which is shown in Table

51 TABLE 7.30 Opinion o f Residents on the Role o f CIDCO in Planning and Developing the Various Nodes Response Not up to mark Percent 24.5 Satisfactory 41.7 Good 29.8 Very Good 4.0 Total 100 Source: Compikx from Questionnaires As per Table 7.30 and Diagram 7.31, 24.5 percent of the respondents are not satisfied with the role of CIDCO in planning and development of the various nodes, 41.7 percent are satisfied with the role of CIDCO in planning and development of the nodes, 29.8 percent of them feel CIDCO has done a good job in planning and development of various nodes, and 4 percent feel CIDCO has done a very good job in planning and development of the nodes. So CIDCO has done a fairly good job in planning and development of various nodes. DIAGRAM 7J1 Opinion o f Residents on the Role o f CIDCO in Planning and Developing the Various Nodes 298

52 7.6.3 Views of Residents regarding the Major Factors that attracted them to Navi IVIumbai An attempt was made by the researcher to find out the major factors that attracted residents to Navi Mumbai, which is shown Diagram As per Diagram 7.32, the major factors that attracted the respondents to Navi Mumbai are as follows; 70.8 percent feel that Navi Mumbai is very conveniently located, 57.8 percent feel Navi Mumbai has a pollution-free environment, 53.5 percent feel Navi Mumbai provides good infrastructure, 52.8 percent of the respondents feel it was reasonable cost of housing that attracted them to Navi Mumbai, 44.9 percent feel there is a suitable cultural environment, 44.5 percent feel there are employment opportunities in Navi Mumbai, and 32.2 percent feel it was suitable work environment that attracted them to Navi Mumbai. Therefore, majority of the respondents feel that Navi Mumbai is conveniently located. DIAGRAM 7.32 Major Factors that Attracted Residents to Navi Mumbai G ood infrastructure 53.5 Suitable work environm ent Suitable cultural environm ent Pollution free environm ent Reasonable cost of housing Em ploym ent opportunities Z ^32.2 J ] 44.5 Convenient location }