London Waterfront Tenements Figures volume 1: Chapters 1 and 2

Transcription

1 London Waterfront Tenements Figures volume 1: Chapters 1 and 2 Recording timbers in the open area next to the Billingsgate excavation, 1982 ( Sharon Pallent) *Note: some of these captions are short versions. For the full captions, see the volume of text. Many of the figures in this first volume are to be redrawn from figures published previously, which are given here in their previous form. This is a working set of illustrations, some in sketch form. John Schofield October

2 Figure list Fig 1 The City of London, showing the four sites in the study (A: Swan Lane, B: Seal House, C:New Fresh Wharf, D:Billingsgate) (scale 1:12500). The areas of Fig 2 and Fig 3 are shown [*fig 3 to be extended to sites C and D] 5 Fig 2 The sites of the four studied excavations south of Thames Street, in their relation to the modern and medieval London Bridges (1:2500) 5 Fig 3 Outline of medieval and post-medieval properties and major topographical features in the study area, from documentary evidence. *=the tenements which lay in the principal excavations of [in text] 6 Fig 4 The waterfront of London upstream of London Bridge c 1520, showing the sites used in this study for discussion of medieval and later reclamation (from Historic Towns Atlas, 1989). TL74=Trig Lane, BUF90=Bull Wharf, VRY89=Vintry House (Vintners Place), TEX88=Thames Exchange, GM156=Walbrook Wharf, UTA87= Cannon Street Station South, SWA81=Swan Lane (site A), SH74=Seal House (site B) (scale 1:5000) 6 Fig 5 The waterfront of London downstream of London Bridge showing the sites used in this study [here from Roque 1747, but possibly to be replaced by a map derived from the Historic towns atlas, like the previous: see note in text] 7 Fig 6 The bridgehead zone on Ogilby and Morgan s map of 1676 (Guildhall Library): above, west of the bridge; below, east of the bridge 8 Fig 7 New Fresh Wharf and Billingsgate: tenement numbers as used in this study, on the map of Ogilby and Morgan, Fig 8 New Fresh Wharf, site C: the excavation of Area I in 1974 looking north-east (photographer unknown). Modern Lower Thames Street is seen at the top; to the right, the Billingsgate Lorry Park, then functioning with the Market, and to be excavated as site D in Fig 9 New Fresh Wharf: simplified section of strata along the north side of Area III, 1975, showing the depth of strata from Lower Thames Street 11 Fig 10 General plan of medieval tenements 1 8, with the outlines of the Swan Lane and Seal House trenches, and the buildings at Swan Lane (in 1981) and Fishmongers Hall (1833). The medieval property boundaries are approximate, and do not include minor variations. The medieval parishes are indicated: AHL=All Hallows the Less, SLP=St Laurence Poutney, SMO=St Martin Orgar, SMCL=St Michael Crooked Lane 12 Fig 11 Seal House: trench outline and section lines 13 Fig 12 Seal House during excavation, looking north 14 Fig 13 Swan Lane: the standing multi-storey car park (second building from the right) from the south-east, photographed in 1981 as excavation began inside it. The offices built by then on the site of the adjacent Seal House site can be seen on the extreme right 14 Fig 14 Swan Lane and Riverbank House: plan of trenches [interim] A, west half; B, east half, including Seal House trench 16 Fig 15 Billingsgate: inserting the east side of the cofferdam before excavation; in the foreground, machine clearance has stopped, and excavation by hand will soon begin (T Hurst, DUA) 17 Fig 16 Billingsgate: the site after initial cleaning, showing the outline of pre-fire buildings largely covered with debris of the Great Fire. These deposits were directly beneath the 19th-century building, the cellar walls of which, surrounding the excavation, were used to retain the upper 3m of strata 17 Fig 17 Sketch produced in 1982 to illustrate the position of the Billingsgate excavation within the Billingsgate Lorry Park and its relation to the expected sequence of medieval waterfront reclamation beneath (Richard Lea, DUA). In the background, the Billingsgate 2

3 Fishmarket building of 1875 which lies on the site of the medieval and post-fire Billingsgate dock 18 Fig 18 Graphic conventions for figures [standard MoLAS key, as used here] 18 Fig 19 Map of the City of London around 1100, showing the main features of the city and the study area (scale 1:12500) 19 Fig 20 Plan of the first embankments, of mid 11th-century date, at Swan Lane and Seal house (scale 1:1250) [adapted from Steedman et al 1992, fig 62] 19 Fig 21 New Fresh Wharf: the 10th- or 11th-century posts, possibly a jetty 20 Fig 22 New Fresh Wharf: the 11th-century embankment, looking east (downstream) (0.5m scale ). This embankment of clay and logs was laid around the posts shown in Fig Fig 23 Plan of the late 11th-century waterfronts at New Fresh wharf and Billingsgate (scale 1:1250) [adapted from Steedman et al 1992, fig 60) 21 Fig 24 Swan Lane (site A): waterfront structures and buildings in period A1 [*to do] 21 Fig 25Swan Lane: period A2 (mid-late 12thc), site plan (scale 1:300). The numbers in circles indicate the general positions of the reclamation and foreshore groups A32 and A42 22 Fig 26 Objects from Swan Lane, Gp A42: rectangular iron mounted lock, A<2254>(284) (scale 1:1), and an ash bowl, A<2640>(553) (scale 1:2) (<S1 S2>) 22 Fig 27 Swan Lane: detail of hearth A[298] in A:Building 11 (0.2m scale; east to top) 23 Fig 28 Swan Lane: detail of hearth A[329] in A:Building 11 (0.5m scale; east to top) 23 Fig 29 Coin B<292>, an imitation of one of Emperor Henri IV, possibly minted in the lower Rhineland, 1080s 1090s (horizontal diameter 18mm) 24 Fig 30 Seal House: period 3 features, comprising B:Waterfront 1 and B:Building 1, 1140 c 1180 (scale 1:150) 25 Fig 31 Seal House: base of B:Waterfront 1, looking north, with three of the angled pads on the foreshore in the foreground (0.2m scale) 26 Fig 32 Seal House: isometric drawing of B:Waterfront 1, and (inset) a reconstruction (Sal Garfi) [*to be redrawn, reconstructed front possibly higher] 26 Fig 33 Seal House: period 3, B:Waterfront 2 and B:Building 1, c 1200 (scale *)27 Fig 34 Seal House: landward side of the part of B:Waterfront 2 in the excavation trench, looking south (0.5m scale) 28 Fig 35 Seal House: shoe B<207> from group B19, reclamation dumping behind B:Waterfront 1 28 Fig 36 New Fresh Wharf: plan in the earlier part of period M1 ( ] on Tenements 9 to 14 [from Steedman et al 1992, fig 17] 29 Fig 37 New Fresh Wharf: boundary between Tenements 10 and 11 in the 11th-century embankment, looking north-east (scale 0.5m). The two square-sectioned timbers in the silt are members of the underlying 3rd-century Roman quay, used as support 30 Fig 38 New Fresh Wharf: plan in the later part of period M1 ( , perhaps to 1230] on Tenements 9 to 14, showing Buildings NFWA to NFWE [from Steedman et al 1992, fig 19] 31 Fig 39 Site C (New Fresh Wharf): excavation in progress of the possible timber building above the embankment on Tenement 12, looking south (*? photographer) 32 Fig 40 West wall of C:Building 5 (NFWD), looking N (scale in centimetres) 32 Fig 41 New Fresh Wharf: C:Building 5 during excavation, overlaid by features of later periods, looking north [key in text caption] 33 3

4 Fig 42 New Fresh Wharf (site C): ashlar walling from the river frontage of C:Building 5, of the 12th century, recorded when disturbed during machine excavation for the future building (0.5m scale) 33 Fig 43 Billingsgate: D:Waterfronts 6 and 7 [from Steedman et al 1992, fig 27] (scale 1:200) 34 Fig 44 Billingsgate: D:Waterfronts 8 and 9 [Steedman et al fig 31] 35 Fig 45 Billingsgate, D:Waterfront 10 plan [Steedman et al 1992, fig 35] 35 Fig 46 Billingsgate, D:Waterfront 10, view from the south-west [Steedman et al 1992, fig 34] 36 Fig 47 Billingsgate, D:Waterfront 11 plan [Steedman et al 1992, fig 37] 36 Fig 48 Billingsgate: D:Building 1 on reclaimed land [Steedman et al 1992, fig 41] 37 Fig 49 Billingsgate: D:Building 1 looking west [neg ]; 0.5m scale 37 Fig 50 Bronze pins D<3405> from period BIG6 (right) and D<2867> from period BIG7 (left); from Dress Accessories, to be rephotographed] 38 Fig 51 The 12th-century port of London: sites mentioned in the text 38 4

5 1. Introduction Fig 1 The City of London, showing the four sites in the study (A: Swan Lane, B: Seal House, C:New Fresh Wharf, D:Billingsgate) (scale 1:12500). The areas of Fig 2 and Fig 3 are shown [*fig 3 to be extended to sites C and D] Fig 2 The sites of the four studied excavations south of Thames Street, in their relation to the modern and medieval London Bridges (1:2500) 5

6 Fig 3 Outline of medieval and post-medieval properties and major topographical features in the study area, from documentary evidence. *=the tenements which lay in the principal excavations of [in text] Fig 4 The waterfront of London upstream of London Bridge c 1520, showing the sites used in this study for discussion of medieval and later reclamation (from Historic Towns Atlas, 1989). TL74=Trig Lane, BUF90=Bull Wharf, VRY89=Vintry House (Vintners Place), TEX88=Thames Exchange, GM156=Walbrook Wharf, UTA87= Cannon Street Station South, SWA81=Swan Lane (site A), SH74=Seal House (site B) (scale 1:5000) 6

7 Fig 5 The waterfront of London downstream of London Bridge showing the sites used in this study [here from Roque 1747, but possibly to be replaced by a map derived from the Historic towns atlas, like the previous: see note in text] Key to sites: 1 New Fresh Wharf (NFW74) 2 Billingsgate lorry park (BIG82) 3 Custom House (CUS73) 4 Fennings Wharf sites 5 Toppings Wharf sites 6 Dunley s Place site 7

8 Fig 6 The bridgehead zone on Ogilby and Morgan s map of 1676 (Guildhall Library): above, west of the bridge; below, east of the bridge 8

9 Key to add below caption for Fig 6: Key: 1 Dyers Hall 2 Swan Lane (site A) excavation 3 Seal House (site B) excavation 4 Fishmongers Hall 5 St Magnus the Martyr 6 New Fresh Wharf (site C) excavation 7 Billingsgate (site D) excavation 8 Billingsgate dock Alleys: n20 White Cock Alley n21 George alley n22 Black Raven Alley n23 Wheatsheaf Alley n24 Red Cross Alley n25 Church Yard Alley n26 Gully Hole n27 FreshWharf n28 Grant s Quay n29 Cox s quay n30 Hammond s Quay n31 Lyon s quay n32 Great Somer s Quay 9

10 n33 Little somer s Quay Fig 7 New Fresh Wharf and Billingsgate: tenement numbers as used in this study, on the map of Ogilby and Morgan, 1676 for key to alleys see previous figure [*to follow: replace this with plan of excavations of New Fresh Wharf and Billingsgate on modern plan, with medieval boundaries inferred through this study, not yet prepared] 10

11 Fig 8 New Fresh Wharf, site C: the excavation of Area I in 1974 looking north-east (photographer unknown). Modern Lower Thames Street is seen at the top; to the right, the Billingsgate Lorry Park, then functioning with the Market, and to be excavated as site D in 1982 Fig 9 New Fresh Wharf: simplified section of strata along the north side of Area III, 1975, showing the depth of strata from Lower Thames Street [*to be drawn from existing section] 11

12 Fig 10 General plan of medieval tenements 1 8, with the outlines of the Swan Lane and Seal House trenches, and the buildings at Swan Lane (in 1981) and Fishmongers Hall (1833). The medieval property boundaries are approximate, and do not include minor variations. The medieval parishes are indicated: AHL=All Hallows the Less, SLP=St Laurence Poutney, SMO=St Martin Orgar, SMCL=St Michael Crooked Lane 12

13 Fig 11 Seal House: trench outline and section lines 13