Cultural Policy Center at the University of Chicago. Irving B Harris Graduate School of Public Policy Studies

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1 Cultural Policy Center at the University of Chicago Irving B Harris Graduate School of Public Policy Studies This study was made possible through the generous support of The Joyce Foundation

2 Project Goals Establish baseline measures of cultural participation in the larger non-profit arts organizations in the Chicago metropolitan area Link participation to Chicago demographics Compare participation in smaller and larger organizations

3 Project Significance City-wide collaboration among institutions providing and pooling data Pioneering study of patterns of participation based on institutions own records First step towards measuring participation in the arts in Chicago

4 Key Findings Participation highest in predominantly white high-income areas* Many communities unengaged Socio-economic characteristics are the most important predictors Ethnic composition an additional factor* Ethnic, diverse and other smaller organizations reach a different audience than larger ones *These findings relate to the 12 largest organizations

5 The Data Records of the cultural institutions themselves Each data point is an administrative record of a transaction between a household and an institution Includes not-for-profit cultural institutions only

6 Representation Strong representation of larger institutions Targeted sample of smaller institutions High response rate Some additional smaller institutions

7 Basic Concepts and Definitions Each participating household is counted only once in each map Density of participation in an area: Proportion or percentage of households in an area participating in cultural institutions Socio-demographic data taken from US Census 2000 Data describe areas, not individuals or households

8 Larger Institutions The Art Institute of Chicago Auditorium Theatre Council Chicago Historical Society Chicago Shakespeare Theater Chicago Symphony Orchestra Chicago Theater Group, Inc. (The Goodman Theatre) The Field Museum Joffrey Ballet of Chicago Lyric Opera of Chicago Museum of Contemporary Art Museum of Science and Industry Steppenwolf Theatre Company

9 Density of Participation in Larger Arts Organizations: Chicago MSA Each color: about 20% of participants Overall: About 1 household in 7 About 1 household in 2 About 1 household in 4 About 1 household in 7 About 1 household in 10 About 1 household in 20

10 Density of Participation in Larger Arts Organizations: Chicago MSA Each color: about 20% of participants 4% of population; 20% of participants 57% of population; 20% of participants

11 Density of Participation in Larger Arts Organizations: City of Chicago Community Areas Overall: About 1 household in 6 About 1 household in 2 About 1 household in 3 About 1 household in 5 About 1 household in 7 About 1 household in 20

12 Density of Participation in Larger Arts Organizations: City of Chicago Census Tracts Overall: About 1 household in 6 About 1 household in 2 About 1 household in 3 About 1 household in 5 About 1 household in 7 About 1 household in 20

13 Detail of Tracts within Community Areas Examples: Near North Side; Beverly/ Morgan Park; Hyde Park/Kenwood

14 Summary of Participation Findings Widespread variation in participation High participation By the lake (city and north shore) N of downtown Other pockets of high participation Large swaths of low participation

15 Arts Participation and Community Characteristics Patterns of arts participation correlated with: Race/ethnicity Income Educational attainment Household Structure Average household size Age of adult population Based on US Census 2000 data

16 Density of Participation in Larger Arts Organizations: Combined Population Density: African-American and Latino

17 Density of Participation in Larger Arts Organizations: Median Household Income: by Tract

18 Density of Participation in Larger Organizations: Density of Bachelor s Degrees among Adult Population

19 How and Why Participation Varies Focus on socioeconomic characteristics of an area: Median household income Educational attainment Household structure Age of the adult population Do these characteristics predict participation? Beyond these, do race and ethnicity still matter?

20 Actual Density of Participation in Larger Cultural Institutions: Predicted Density of Households Participating in Larger Cultural Institutions

21 Prediction Error Where is arts participation... Higher than expected? Lower than expected? Are these areas predominantly African-American areas? Latino areas? White areas?

22 Unexpected Participation

23 Explaining Participation Socio-economic characteristics are most important There is variation across all types of areas Households in predominantly African-American areas participate less than expected in general Not true for all African-American areas Results different in predominantly Latino areas Participation in some predominantly white communities is less than expected Other unmeasured factors may matter

24 Smaller Institutions Consider ethnic, diverse, and other smaller institutions Do these institutions tap a different population than the larger institutions? Look at households involved with each set of institutions What proportion participate only in the smaller institutions? Where are they?

25 Larger Diverse Ethnic Other

26 Findings on Smaller Institutions Smaller institutions Engage different populations from each other Engage different populations from larger institutions Do overlap with larger institutions Geographic patterns of participation Differ between smaller and larger institutions Differ among diverse, ethnic, and other

27 Overall Contributions A major step forward in our knowledge A better description than ever before of what is happening Allows each partnering organization to compare its own maps with the overall maps Offers a template for future work Informs debate on where to go next

28 Recommendations Develop a uniform method for collecting/ understanding data about participation Expand data collection to include schools/group data collection Engage in dialogue about these and related participation issues

29

30 Maps of Participation Density Sequence of maps Starting with MSA Cook County Chicago divided by Community Area Chicago divided by Census Tract

31 The Chicago Metropolitan Statistical Area (Chicago MSA) 14 counties 9 million people 3 million households

32 Cook County by Township 5.4 million people 2 million households 31 townships 11,000 to 180,000 people per township

33 City of Chicago by Community Area (CA) 2.8 million people 1 million households 77 CAs 1,000 to 56,000 households per CA

34 City of Chicago by Census Tract 2.8 million people 1 million households 865 tracts 0 to 7,000 households per tract

35 Density of Participation in Larger Arts Organizations: Chicago MSA Each color: about 20% of participants Overall: About 1 household in 7 About 1 household in 2

36 Density of Participation in Larger Arts Organizations: Chicago MSA Each color: about 20% of participants Overall: About 1 household in 7 About 1 household in 4

37 Density of Participation in Larger Arts Organizations: Chicago MSA Each color: about 20% of participants Overall: About 1 household in 7 in 7 About 1 household in 7

38 Density of Participation in Larger Arts Organizations: Chicago MSA Each color: about 20% of participants Overall: About 1 household in 7 About 1 household in 10

39 Density of Participation in Larger Arts Organizations: Chicago MSA Each color: about 20% of participants Overall: About 1 household in 7 About 1 household in 20

40 Density of Participation in Larger Arts Organizations: Cook County Overall: About 1 household in 6½ About 1 household in 2 About 1 household in 3 About 1 household in 5 About 1 household in 10 About 1 household in 20

41 City of Chicago African-American Population Density

42 City of Chicago Latino Population Density

43 City of Chicago Combined Population Density: African-American and Latino

44 Specificity of Ethnic and Diverse Institutions Overlap Diverse/Also in Larger Institutions Diverse/Not in Larger Institutions Totals Count 23,000 30,000 53,000 % Overlap Ethnic/Also in Larger Institutions Ethnic/Not in Larger Institutions Totals Count 11,000 31,000 42,000 %

45 Specificity of Other Smaller Institutions Overlap Other/Also in Larger Institutions Other/Not in Larger Institutions Totals Count 56, , ,000 %

46 Density of Participation in Sampled Diverse Institutions Each color: about 20% of participants highest density lowest density

47 Density of Participation in Sampled Ethnic Institutions Each color: about 20% of participants highest density lowest density

48 Density of Participation in Sampled Other Institutions Each color: about 20% of participants highest density lowest density

49 Responding Institutions

50 Non-Responding Institutions