2017: Skyscraper History s Tallest, Highest- Volume, and Most Geographically Diverse Year

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1 CTBUH Year in Review: Tall Trends of : Skyscraper History s Tallest, Highest- Volume, and Most Geographically Diverse Year Abstract The Tall Building Year in Review / Tall Buildings in Numbers data analysis report shows that more buildings of meters height or greater were completed in than in any other year, with a total of completions. Notably, was also the most geographically diverse year in terms of the number of cities and countries that completed -meter-plus buildings, with cities across countries represented in the data, up from cities across countries in. The report covers other statistical highlights of and predicts completions for. Keywords:, Completions, Height, Statistics, Skyscrapers, Urbanization Figure. Tallest in : Ping An Finance Center, Shenzhen, meters. Tim Griffith for KPF Figure. st-tallest in : Shahar Tower, Givatayim, meters. Assaf Pinchuk The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat Year in Review report

2 Buildings Meters or Taller Completed Each Year from to,,,, Number of buildings m+ completed each year Total Number of -meter-plus Buildings in Existence at Decade s end from to,,,,, Number of m+ buildings Number of supertalls ( m+) Number of megatalls ( m+) Projected number of m+ buildings Projected number of supertalls ( m+) Projected number of megatalls ( m+) Notes:. We can predict building completions with some accuracy due to projects now in advanced construction. A range is given to indicate the challenging factors in predicting building completion dates.. Totals after take into account the destruction of the World Trade Center Towers and. Figure. Number of -meter-plus buildings completed each year from to, with projections through. More buildings of meters height or greater were completed in than in any other year, with a total of completions, marking the fourth consecutive recordbreaking year (see Figure ). This is an increase of percent from, when only buildings of meters or more were completed. The total number of -meter buildings in the world is now,, an increase of. percent from, and a percent increase from, when only existed. The total sum of heights that is, if the heights of all completions in were added together was, meters, making the tallest year ever. Notably, was also the most geographically diverse year in terms of the number of cities and countries that completed -meter-plus buildings, with cities across countries represented in the data, up from cities across countries in. High-rise construction is no longer confined to a select few financial and business centers, but rather is becoming the accepted global model for densification, as more than one million people on our planet urbanize each week. Thirteen cities saw their first -meterplus high-rise completion in, in addition to the cities and eight countries that saw their tallest building completed this year. Once again, for the th time in a row, China completed the greatest number of -meter-plus buildings in (see Figure ), with completions for percent of the total. Although this is a slight decrease from, when China completed such buildings, or percent of the global total, China is still by far the world leader in skyscraper construction. In fact, the city with the most -meter-plus building completions, Shenzhen, China, finished buildings, or. percent of the year s global The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat Year in Review report

3 Number, China, USA, South Korea Note: Two or fewer tall buildings m+ in height were also completed during in these countries: Australia, Israel, Japan, Panama, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Thailand, Colombia, Kenya, Mexico, Qatar, Sri Lanka Total Number (Total = ) Sum of Heights (Total =, m) Total Number of Countries =, Canada, Indonesia, UAE, Turkey North Korea Malaysia India Philippines,,,, Sum of Heights (m) total, and more than any other country on the list, except China (see Figures & ). This is the second year that Shenzhen was the city with the most -meter-plus completions in the world. It s the third year in a row in which the tallest building to complete in that year is in China. That building, Ping An Finance Center, also happens to be in Shenzhen (see Figure ). The United States completed the secondgreatest number of -meter-plus buildings of any country, with buildings finished in. Figure. Buildings meters or taller completed in by country. Key Worldwide Market Snapshots of Number,,,, Note: Two or fewer tall buildings m+ in height were also completed during in these cities: Nanchang, Bangkok, Chicago, Chongqing, Dongguan, Guangzhou, Hefei, Melbourne, Nanjing, Panama City, Riyadh, Shenyang, Singapore, Tokyo, Xi an, Zhengzhou, Abu Dhabi, Baoji, Beijing, Calgary, Cartagena, Colombo, Dalian, Doha, Foshan, Fuzhou, Giv'atayim, Hong Kong, Houston, Huizhou, Izmir, Johor Bahru, Lanzhou, Lianyungang, Liuzhou, Los Angeles, Nairobi, Nantong, Philadelphia, San Pedro Garza Garcia, Sanya, Seattle, Suzhou, Tel Aviv, Tianjin, Xiamen, Xuzhou, Yantai, Yinchuan, Zhanjiang, Zhuhai,, Total Number (Total = ) Sum of Heights (Total =, m) Total Number of Cities =,,,,,,, Sum of Heights (m) Asia (Not including Middle East) While may have been the most geographically diverse year for -meterplus building completions, Asia retained its status as the world s skyscraper epicenter, completing buildings of at least meters in height, representing percent of the total. This marks a small decline from the percent share it held in, and is in line with China s slight decline in total completion share (see Figure ). The top two cities, Shenzhen and Nanning, are in China, with Jakarta, Indonesia and Chengdu, China, tied for third place with five completions each (see Figure ). Shenzhen Nanning Jakarta Chengdu Changsha Wuhan Busan Pyongyang Toronto New York City Figure. Buildings meters or taller completed in by city. Dubai Seoul Istanbul Shanghai Hangzhou Mumbai Makati Kuala Lumpur Surprisingly, Pyongyang, North Korea, tied for sixth place with four buildings of meters or greater completed in, after having completed no buildings over meters in. Seoul, South Korea completed three -meter-plus buildings, including Lotte World Tower, a -meter mixed-use building the city s first supertall, or building of meters or higher (see Case Study, p. and Figure ). Mumbai completed its new tallest building (as well as India s), One Avighna Park, at meters. Two other -meter-plus buildings completed in the coastal city in. Sri Lanka also completed its new tallest building, the Grand Hyatt Colombo, which rises to meters. Figure. Second-Tallest in : Lotte World Tower, Seoul, meters. Tim Griffith for KPF Middle East and Africa The Middle East had nine completions in, representing. percent of the global The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat Year in Review report

4 Yearly -meter-plus Tall Building Completions, By Region/Country China China Europe China Current Total: Europe Figure. Third-Tallest in : Marina, Dubai, meters. Lester Ali total, down from completions in (see Figure ). Dubai saw three completions in, and all were supertall the tallest of which, Marina, now holds the title of th tallest building in the world at Middle East meters (see Figure ). Dubai also completed the third, fourth, and fifth-tallest buildings of the China year. A fourth building in Abu Dhabi brings the United Arab Emirates total to four. Israel and Saudi Arabia tied with two -meter-plus Middle completions, East with Qatar marking one. Middle East Current Total: Europe Current Total: North America Current Total: Figure. Number of -meter-plus tall buildings completed by region/country since. Africa completed its second -meter-plus building, Britam Tower, which is both Kenya s and its capital Nairobi s first (see Figure ). Due to rapid population growth, we expect to see more completions in Africa in the coming North years. America North America (includes Central America) North America more than doubled its record with tall building completions in, for a global share of. percent (see North EuropeAmerica Figure ). This was reflected both in the United States, which saw completions in, and Canada, which completed five buildings of meters or greater height. USA The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat Year in Review report

5 Figure. th-tallest in : Britam Tower, Nairobi, meters. Johan Smith Figure. th-tallest in : Torre KOI, San Pedro Garza Garcia, meters. IDEI Figure. Sixth-Tallest in : Wilshire Grand Center, Los Angeles, meters. AC Martin Toronto alone notably represented percent of Canada s tall building completions this year, as the city experiences an ongoing boom in high-rise construction. While not yet completed, Toronto s first supertall named The One broke ground in late. Toronto rose significantly in this year s rankings compared to, with four completions, up from zero. In the United States, New York completed four -meter-plus buildings, while two completed in Chicago. Los Angeles completed one building of -plus-meters, the Wilshire Grand Center (see Figure ), which is now the city s tallest at meters. Mexico completed its tallest building, Torre KOI, a -meter mixed-use tower in San Pedro Garza Garcia, just south of Monterrey (see Figure ). This marks the second year in a row that Mexico has crowned a new tallest building. Meanwhile, Panama City added two completions to its disproportionately large collection of high-rises, about % of which are residential. South America Only one tall building of meters or greater completed in in South America the Hotel Estelar Bocagrande in Cartagena, Colombia, at meters. This is an increase for the continent, however, which had no such completions in. Europe Europe doubled its output with four buildings of at least meters in height, all of which were in Turkey three in Istanbul and one in Izmir (see Figure ). This is big news for Turkey, which had zero such completions in. Skyland Towers, at meters, became Istanbul s tallest and Europe s seventh-tallest buildings. Australia and Oceania Two tall buildings of meters or greater completed in this region in, down from three in. Both were in Melbourne, Australia, and both were residential. As was emphasized during the CTBUH Conference (see Journal, Issue IV), Australia is amidst a building boom and is rapidly becoming one of the world s most urbanized nations. Completions by Function The functional share of tall buildings in proved to be among the most interesting discoveries in the study, as the data showed a large shift from all-office and mixed-use function to all-residential towers (see Figure ). Buildings with all-residential functions spiked to completions, or percent of the total, up from just, or % of the total last year. At the same time, all-office building completions fell to, or percent of the total, compared to, or percent of completions in. Of all the pure-office buildings completed,, or.%, were in China. Completions by Material Of the buildings of meters or greater height completed in,, or percent, used concrete as the main structural material; while, or percent, used a composite of steel and concrete (see Figure ). The significant use of concrete can be attributed to a combination of concrete s relative ubiquity and lower cost in many regions, as well as its comparative simplicity in construction, which would increase its appeal in regions with lowerskilled labor pools. In, two buildings had all-steel construction, consistent with the figure. As of this writing, there were only seventeen -meter-plus buildings currently under construction that employed all-steel structural systems. Average Height The average height of -meter-plus buildings completed in was The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat Year in Review report

6 Australia (.%) Cental America (.%) Europe (.%) Middle East (.%) Africa (.%) South America (.%) Hotel (.%) Mixed (.%) Steel (.%) North America (.%) Mixed-Use (.%) Office (.%) Asia (.%) Composite (.%) Concrete (.%) Residential (%) Figure. Buildings meters or taller completed in by region. Figure. Buildings meters or taller completed in by function. Figure. Buildings meters or taller completed in by structural material. meters, up from meters in. The average height of the World s Tallest Buildings continues to climb, hitting meters in, up from meters in. Meanwhile, the average height of the tallest meter-plus completions in has hit a new record high of meters, up from meters in. Supertall Completions A total of supertalls (buildings of meters or higher) were completed in, tying with, the first year to break this record. The total number of supertall buildings worldwide is now, up from in. This fact is even more extraordinary, considering that much of the activity has been in the past few years. The figure represents a % increase in just four years. In, there were buildings meters or higher; in, only. The World s Tallest Buildings: Impact of (refer to pages ) The geographical profile of the World s Tallest Buildings did not sustain as much change over the past year as that of the overall -meter-plus population. Of the World s Tallest Buildings, were in Asia, a figure unchanged from. Twenty-six were in the Middle East, up from the previous year. North America has of the buildings on the list. Europe s figure dropped from five in to four in. Mixed-use continues to dominate the functional mix of the tallest buildings, with buildings, an increase from in. Meanwhile, office functions take a slightly lower share in, with buildings, down from in and equal to the figure. Residential and hotel functions have shrunk as a proportion once again, with and five buildings, respectively, down from and seven in. As in previous recent years, composite construction, in which a combination of steel and concrete components is used in the main structural elements, represents the majority of structural approaches to the Tallest list, with of the buildings being of composite construction, the same as in. All-concrete buildings decreased by one to from in. The number of all-steel buildings in the Tallest list remains at in, as it was in. Those buildings reported as being of mixed construction, in which distinct sections of the buildings are predominantly steel or concrete, increased to five in, from four in. Two new additions also joined to the list of the World s Tallest Buildings in (see Figure ) the fourth and fifth tallest, Ping An Finance Center in Shenzhen (see Figure ) and Lotte World Tower in Seoul (see Figure ), respectively. Ping An Finance Center rises meters, while Lotte World Tower reaches a pinnacle of meters. The completion of these two towers resulted in Petronas Twin Towers, Kuala Lumpur, being removed from the World s Tallest Buildings list. This is especially significant, given that upon completion in, the CTBUH certified the Petronas Twin Towers as the World s Tallest Buildings ahead of the Figure. th-tallest in : West, New York City, meters. Lester Ali The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat Year in Review report

7 The Tallest Buildings Completed in Ping An Finance Center Shenzhen, China meters (, ft) Lotte World Tower Seoul, South Korea meters (, ft) Marina Dubai, United Arab Emirates meters (, ft) The Address Boulevard Dubai, United Arab Emirates meters (, ft) Ahmed Abdul Rahim Al Attar Tower Dubai, United Arab Emirates meters (, ft) Wilshire Grand Center Los Angeles, United States meters (, ft) Yuexiu Fortune Center Tower Wuhan, China meters (, ft) Hon Kwok City Center Shenzhen, China meters (, ft) Yantai Shimao No. The Harbour Yantai, China meters (, ft) Zhuhai St. Regis Hotel & Office Tower Zhuhai, China meters ( ft) Guangxi Finance Plaza Nanning, China meters (, ft) Sinar Mas Center Shanghai, China meters (, ft) Jiuzhou International Tower Nanning, China meters (, ft) Poly Pazhou C Guangzhou, China meters (, ft) Huachuang International Plaza Tower Changsha, China meters ( ft) Jin Wan Plaza Tianjin, China meters ( ft) Shum Yip Upperhills Tower Shenzhen, China meters ( ft) China World Trade Center Phase B Beijing, China meters ( ft) Concord International Centre Chongqing, China meters ( ft) Skyland Office Tower & Skyland Residential Tower Istanbul, Turkey meters ( ft) Figure. The tallest buildings completed in. Figure. th-tallest in : The Beekman Hotel & Residences, New York City, meters. Lester Ali Figure. th-tallest in : Raffles City Hangzhou Tower, Hangzhou, meters. Hufton Crow The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat Year in Review report

8 Figure. th-tallest in : North Riverside, Chicago, meters. Tom Rossiter Photography Willis (then Sears) Tower in Chicago, to much controversy. While a total of supertalls were completed in, only entered the World s Tallest Buildings list. Thus, saw the completion of the world s first supertall building never to enter the Tallest list Huachuang International Plaza in Changsha, China. Analysis Overall, was a record-breaking year for skyscraper completions on a variety of fronts. We re once again witnessing an all-time-high for -meter-plus building completions, with this year s total increasing by % over the past decade. While the total number of tall building completions is an important metric to watch, the data on the rapid geographic diversification of -meter-plus building completions, in cities across countries, is perhaps the most telling result. In, only cities across the globe completed -meter-plus buildings the highest number on record at the time. A decade later, the number of cities represented in this report has more than tripled. A record of those cities completed their new tallest buildings in. China still leads the world in -meter-plus building completions, but the nation may start to lose its dramatic lead as other Figure. th-tallest in : Tencent Seafront Tower, Shenzhen, meters Shao Feng countries, such as India, accelerate economic and population growth. North America, which for much of the th century completed the majority of -meter-plus buildings in the world, is also beginning to see a resurgence in tall building construction. In addition, new technologies and increased international capital flows are facilitating the creation of ever-taller skyscrapers. Figure. th-tallest in : Zhuhai St. Regis Hotel & Office Tower, Zhuhai, meters. Jason Leung The data from shows a continuation of the trend towards a greater global proliferation of skyscraper construction. Most of the prevailing trends of the past few years the preponderance of construction taking place in Asia, and in particular, China; the predominance of composite construction being used to achieve greater heights and more complex designs have held steady. The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat Year in Review report

9 Figure. nd-tallest in : Madison Square Park Tower, New York City, meters. Lester Ali But a few discoveries this year are notable, if not wildly divergent. The increase in geographic diversity invites further scrutiny. Of the cities with at least one -meter-plus building completion, were in China. While not entirely surprising, nevertheless it is clear that, in addition to powerhouses like Shenzhen, there are also some smaller regional cities joining the list, such as Baoji in Shaanxi province; Yantai, in Shandong province; Lianyungang, in Jiangsu; and Yinchuan, in Ningxia. Although in many cases each of these cities has erected only a single building of meters or more in, and each of these cities has more than one million people, the term smaller regional city is relative in China, which seems to be executing on its plan to create impressive skylines and more evenly distribute people in its campaign of mass urbanization. Outside China, some infrequently-seen city names include Giv atayim, Israel (near Tel Aviv); Izmir, Turkey; Nairobi, Kenya and Pyongyang, North Korea. The reasons for this are likely as diverse as these countries are from each other; the functions span office, residential and mixed-use. The resurgence of all-residential tall buildings, against what had been an increasing trend towards a mix of functions, is also of interest. In the past, CTBUH has credited the prevalence of the mixed-use function in buildings at the upper end of the height range to a developers hedging strategy. The greater the number of functions in the building, the less likely it is that economic weakness in one sector could delay or halt the project, or result in it being unsold or unrented for prolonged periods. Skyscrapers are lagging indicators of economic trends. An investment strategy could be green-lighted under economic conditions that could change significantly throughout the construction period, which could be anywhere from two to years or more. It is tempting to speculate that we are now seeing the built results of a full-blown recovery from the economic crisis, as greater confidence in single-function programs sparks a resurgence in speculative residential development. Further, there has been growing interest over the past several years in residential real-estate investment by absentee owners as a wealth management strategy. However, market dynamics vary greatly between regions, so it s likely there are other factors to the story. Figure. th-tallest in : Rosewood Sanya and International Finance Forum, Sanya, meters. st Image Figure. th-tallest in : FMC Tower at Cira Centre South, Philadelphia, meters. Lester Ali The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat Year in Review report

10 Table : All buildings meters or taller completed in ( no.) Asia ( no.) North America ( no.) Middle East ( no.) Central America ( no.) Australia ( no.) South America ( no.) Africa ( no.) Rank Building Name Location Floors Height (m) Ping An Finance Center Shenzhen Lotte World Tower Seoul Marina Dubai The Address Boulevard Dubai Ahmed Abdul Rahim Al Attar Tower Dubai Wilshire Grand Center Los Angeles Yuexiu Fortune Center Tower Wuhan Hon Kwok City Center Shenzhen Yantai Shimao No. The Harbour Yantai Zhuhai St. Regis Hotel & Office Tower Zhuhai Guangxi Finance Plaza Nanning Sinar Mas Center Shanghai Jiuzhou International Tower Nanning Poly Pazhou C Guangzhou Huachuang International Plaza Tower Changsha Jin Wan Plaza Tianjin Shum Yip Upperhills Tower Shenzhen China World Trade Center Phase B Beijing Concord International Centre Chongqing = Skyland Office Tower Istanbul = Skyland Residential Tower Istanbul = Greenland Zhengzhou Central Plaza North Tower Zhengzhou = Greenland Zhengzhou Central Plaza South Tower Zhengzhou = Metropol Tower Istanbul Istanbul = China Resources Center Hefei Bodi Center Tower C Hangzhou Torre KOI San Pedro Garza García Victoria Dockside Hong Kong Ryomyong Street Apartment Building Pyongyang = Suning Plaza Tower A Xuzhou = One Avighna Park Mumbai Menara Astra Jakarta Vanke Chang'an Center Dongguan One Bloor Street East Toronto = Raffles City Hangzhou Tower Hangzhou = Raffles City Hangzhou Tower Hangzhou CITIC Ruibo Tower Shanghai Trump Tower At Century City Makati Banghua World Trade Center Guangzhou The Shang Salcedo Makati Shenzhen University Subway Station Tower Shenzhen = Jinmao International Plaza Tower Changsha = Jinmao International Plaza Tower Changsha Brookfield Place Tower One Calgary = The-W Busan = The-W Busan = The-W Busan = The-W Busan Tencent Seafront Tower Shenzhen = Changjiang Media Tower Wuhan = Setia Eco City - Vogue Suite One Kuala Lumpur = Sandy Federal Tower Fuzhou = Shuibei Jewelry Headquarters Tower Shenzhen = Ryomyong Street -Storey Building Pyongyang Menam Residence Bangkok = Azrieli Sarona Tel Aviv = Hunan Daily Media Center Changsha = CITIC Ruibo Tower Shanghai West New York City = Wuhan International Financial Plaza Wuhan = V on Shenton Residential Tower Singapore Madison Square Park Tower New York City Strait Pearl Plaza Xiamen Harbour Plaza Residences East Toronto Rank Building Name Location Floors Height (m) Lihe Tower Shenzhen Main at Texas Houston = Rongchao Headquarters Tower Shenzhen = China Merchants Bank Tower Nanjing Grand Hyatt Colombo Colombo Lanzhou Center Office Tower Lanzhou Elite Dos Mares Panama City Al Asmakh Tower Doha Marina One Singapore Coastal Center Shenzhen Shenyang New World Center Tower C Shenyang Harbour Plaza Residences West Toronto River Point Chicago = World Crest Mumbai = FMC Tower at Cira Centre South Philadelphia = Manhattan West New York City Optical Valley New World Center A Wuhan = Shenzhen Energy Headquarters North Tower Shenzhen = Tianxi Twin Towers Chengdu = Tianxi Twin Towers Chengdu = MARQUE Sukhumvit Bangkok Suzhou Center Plaza Suzhou North Riverside Chicago Landscape-Brilliant Center Hefei Telkom Landmark Tower Jakarta = The Altus Johor Bahru = Yintai Center Tower Chengdu = Horoy Times Square A Shenzhen = Kaisa Center Phase Huizhou = Zhanjiang Fortune Meeting Zhanjiang = Light House Melbourne = Maike Business Center Tower Xi An Evolution Tower Panama City Shenyang New World Center Tower E Shenyang = Genyuan Marriott Hotel Yinchuan = Mistral Office Tower Izmir Chancheng Greenland Center Phase Office Tower Foshan Lodha Venezia Tower A Mumbai = The Sentral Residences Tower A Kuala Lumpur = The Sentral Residences Tower B Kuala Lumpur = Greenland Center Tower Nanning = Fortune Center Residential Tower Liuzhou = Fortune Financial Centre Chongqing = SINIC Center Nanchang = Ryomyong Street -Storey Building Pyongyang FWD Tower Jakarta The Beekman Hotel & Residences New York City Horizon Skyline Garden Office Tower Shenzhen The Parkhouse Nishi Shinjuku Tower Tokyo = Huijing Center Tower Dongguan = Sunshine International Tower Lianyungang = CECIC Headquarters Nanchang Rosewood Sanya and International Finance Forum Sanya Wynn International Financial Center Xi An Akasaka Intercity AIR Tokyo = Al Rajhi Bank Tower Riyadh = Eternity District Jakarta = Infinity District Jakarta = Horizon Tower A Abu Dhabi = Harmony Square Nantong Scott Toronto Baoji IFC Baoji = Triumph One # Nanning = Triumph One # Nanning Rank Building Name Location Floors Height (m) = EQ Tower Melbourne = Hotel Estelar Bocagrande Cartagena The Shahar Tower Givatayim F Tower Seattle = Triumph One # Nanning = Triumph One # Nanning Britam Tower Nairobi = Three Central Makati = Chengdu World Financial Center Chengdu = Chengdu World Financial Center Chengdu = Nanjing Financial City Tower Nanjing = Seoul Trimage Tower I Seoul = Seoul Trimage Tower II Seoul = Ryomyong Street -Storey Building Pyongyang = Al-Obeikan Hilton Tower Hotel Riyadh = Victoria Mansion Tower Dalian Table : Projected tallest buildings in Asia Europe Middle East Rank Building Name Location Floors Height (m) Goldin Finance Tianjin China Zun Tower Beijing Lakhta Center St. Petersburg Changsha IFS Tower T Changsha Suzhou IFS Suzhou Wuhan Center Tower Wuhan China Resources Headquarters Shenzhen Capital Market Authority Tower Riyadh Nanning Logan Century Nanning Hanking Center Tower Shenzhen Projections for As indicated in Table, we expect between and buildings of meters or greater height to complete in. Between and of these buildings are predicted to be supertall ( meters or taller). This is fairly conservative, taking into consideration the total number of projects currently underway. However, as many other research organizations now do, we must also acknowledge the increasing economic and political volatility in many places around the world. Our increasingly interconnected, global industry means that disruptions to planning, design and construction of tall building projects could occur unexpectedly. As always, the most up-to-date information about the status of skyscrapers around the world can be found at the CTBUH Skyscraper Center: See Table for the tallest buildings projected to complete in. The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat Year in Review report

11 Tall Buildings in Numbers The Global Tall Building Picture: Impact of In, buildings of meters height or greater were completed. This is the fourth record-breaking year in a row, and it brings the total number of -meter-plus buildings in the world to,, marking an increase of.% from, and a % increase from, when only existed. Asia continued to be the most dominant region in terms of skyscraper construction, and China within it, as in several years previously. For more analysis of completions, see CTBUH Year in Review: Tall Trends of, pages -. World s Tallest Building Completed Each Year Starting with the year, these are the tallest buildings that have been completed globally each year. m m m m m m Two International Finance Centre m/, ft Hong Kong Kingdom Centre m/ ft Riyadh TAIPEI m/, ft Taipei Q Tower m/, ft Gold Coast Shimao International Plaza m/, ft Shanghai Rose Rayhaan by Rotana m/, ft Dubai Shanghai World Financial Center m/, ft Shanghai Trump International Hotel & Tower m/, ft Chicago Burj Khalifa m/, ft Dubai Makkah Royal Clock Tower m/, ft Mecca KK m/, ft Shenzhen One World Trade Center m/, ft New York City JW Marriott Marquis Hotel Dubai Tower m/, ft Dubai Shanghai Tower m/, ft Shanghai Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre m/, ft Guangzhou Ping An Finance Center m/, ft Shenzhen m m m m m The Average Height of the Tallest Buildings Tallest : meters The average height of the tallest buildings in existence around the world that year The average height of all -meter-plus buildings completed that year Average: meters Buildings Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings,,,,, The total height of m+ buildings that completed in is a record, meters cities got a new tallest building a new record Ping An Finance Center, Shenzhen, at meters, was the tallest building to complete in. It is now the world s fourth-tallest building. The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat Year in Review report

12 World s Tallest : Analysis As the graphs below show, Asia and the Middle East continue to ascend, while the mixed-use plurality deepens, along with the rise of composite structures. tallest buildings by location tallest buildings by function tallest buildings by material North America Asia Middle East Europe Office Mixed-use Education Steel Concrete Composite South America Australia Central America Africa Hotel Residential Mixed Unknown Number of Buildings Entering the World s Tallest by Year A total of buildings made it into the global Tallest list in, an upward swing from last year, when only nine buildings entered the list. Number of buildings entering the World s Tallest Buildings List cities completed a building of meters height or greater. The average height (in meters) of the World s Tallest Buildings Huachuang International Plaza Tower, Changsha, is the only supertall ( m+) building never to enter the World s Tallest Buildings list. The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat Year in Review report