2016 Another Record-Breaker for Skyscraper Completions; 18 Tallest Titles Bestowed

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1 CTBUH Year in Review: Tall Trends of All building data, images and drawings can be found at end Click on building names to be taken to the Skyscraper Center Another Record-Breaker for Skyscraper Completions; Tallest Titles Bestowed Report by Jason Gabel, CTBUH; Research by Annan Shehadi, Shawn Ursini, and Marshall Gerometta, CTBUH Note: Please refer to Tall Buildings in Numbers The Global Tall Building Picture: Impact of in conjunction with this paper, pages. The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) has determined that buildings of meters height or greater were completed around the world in (see Figure ) setting a new record for annual tall building completions and marking the third consecutive record-breaking year. Further Highlights: The buildings completed in beat every previous year on record, including the previous record high of completions in. This brings the total number of -meter-plus buildings in the world to,, marking a % increase from the year, when only existed. There were eighteen -meter-plus buildings completed that became the tallest in a city, country, or region. A total of supertalls (buildings of meters or higher) were completed in, fewer than we anticipated this time last year, partly as a result of Buildings Meters or Taller Completed Each Year from to Number of buildings m+ completed each year Total Number of m+ Buildings in Existence at the end of Each Decade from to,,,,,,,, In the study (which was conducted before the end of the year so as to release the study at year end), CTBUH projected buildings had completed in. After continued research throughout, new height figures and completion dates have resulted in the official CTBUH record now showing completed m+ buildings in, including one more supertall building. Number of m+ buildings Number of supertalls ( m+) Number of megatalls ( m+) Projected number of m+ buildings Projected number of supertalls ( m+) Projected number of megatalls ( m+) Notes:. We can predict building completions with some accuracy due to projects now in advanced construction. A range is given to indicate the challenging factors in predicting building completion dates.. Totals after take into account the destruction of the World Trade Center Towers and. Figure. Number of m+ buildings completed each year from to, with projections through Year in Review report

2 construction delays typical of buildings in this height range. Nonetheless, still saw the third-largest number of supertall completions of any year, trailing only, which saw ; and, which saw. The tallest building to complete in was Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre, which stands as the tallest building in Guangzhou, the second-tallest building in China, and the fifth-tallest building in the world at meters. Asia retained its status as the world s skyscraper epicenter in, completing buildings, representing % of the -building total. The Middle East matched its numbers with nine completions in, with North America experiencing a slight increase this year, up from four completions in to seven in. For the ninth year in a row, China had the most -meter-plus completions, with a record (see Figure ), overtaking by % its previous annual record of in. The United States completed the second-most -meter-plus buildings with seven, a notable increase over the two buildings completed in. Meanwhile, South Korea made the list with six completions, with Indonesia seeing five, and both the Philippines and Qatar completing four. Shenzhen had the highest number of -meter-plus completions of any city in with (more than any country other than China managed to complete), while China s Chongqing and Guangzhou, and Goyang, South Korea tied for second place with six each. The total height of buildings completed in Shenzhen is, meters (see Figure ). Key Worldwide Market Snapshots of Asia (Not including Middle East) The momentum of Asia has been unyielding for many years, and only serves to further reinforce this trend. The region recorded of the completions for the year, or % of the total (see Figure ). A Number Figure. completions by country Number Shenzhen, China, Guangzhou,, Figure. completions by city, USA Chongqing, Total Number (Total = ) Sum of Heights (Total =, m) majority of these buildings are located in China, which completed the most -meter-plus buildings () of any country in the world (see Figure ). This was the ninth year in a row that China achieved this distinction. Thirty-one cities in China had at least one -meter-plus building completion, with Shenzhen outperforming any other city in the world, with. Trailing behind Shenzhen are Chongqing and Guangzhou, each with six completions; followed by Chengdu and Dalian with five apiece. Completions: m+ Buildings by Country Note: One tall building m+ in height was also completed during in these countries: Azerbaijan; Bahrain; Japan; Kuwait; Mexico; Poland; Russia; Saudi Arabia Total Number of Countries =, South Korea Indonesia Goyang, Dalian Philippines Qatar Thailand Singapore Completions: m+ Buildings by City UAE Malaysia Note: Two or fewer tall buildings m+ in height were also completed during in these cities: Abu Dhabi; Baku; Bangkok; Beijing; Boston; Dubai; Changsha; Foshan; Fuzhou; Guiyang; Hangzhou; Jersey City; Jinan; Kuala Lumpur; Kunshan; Kuwait City; Liuzhou; Makati; Manama; Melbourne; Mexico City; Moscow; Nagoya; Nanning; Ningbo; Qingdao; Riyadh; Shanghai; Singapore; Suzhou; Sydney; Taguig City; Warsaw; Wenzhou; Xiamen; Xi an; Yiwu; Zhengzhou, New York City, Total Number (Total = ) Sum of Heights (Total =, m) Total Number of Cities = Jakarta, Chengdu, Tianjin, Kunming, Nanchang Doha Nanjing Wuhan Australia,,,,, The tallest building to complete in was Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre (see Figure ), a -meter landmark tower in Guangzhou that, together with Guangzhou IFC, completes a binary framing of the skyline long envisioned and debated by local urban planners. The tower is now the tallest building in Guangzhou, the secondtallest in China (and Asia), and the fifthtallest building in the world. In a fortunate turn of events, delegates at the CTBUH Conference were some of the first official occupiers of Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre, Hefei Shenyang,,,,, Sum of Heights (m) Sum of Heights (m) Year in Review report

3 Yearly m+ Tall Building Completions, By Region/Country as the building was the location of both the core conference city program and a networking reception. South Korea finished the year with six -meter-plus completions, ranking third by country and doubling its count of three. All six of the towers completed this year belong to the Ilsan Yojin Y-City Complex in Goyang, with towers ranging from to meters. Following on the success of Jakarta as having completed the most -meter-plus buildings by city in, Indonesia came in just behind South Korea with five completions in, all of which are located in the capital. At meters, Gama Tower was the tallest building to complete in the city, snagging the top ranking for both Jakarta and Indonesia at large. The Philippines had four -meter-plus completions, a respectable increase over its count of just one. The completions were split between Taguig City and Makati, each with two. The tallest building to complete was the Grand Hyatt Metrocenter in Taguig City, which is now the secondtallest building in the Philippines. China Current Total: Middle East Current Total: Europe Current Total: North America Current Total: Figure. Number of m+ tall buildings completed by region/country since Middle East and Africa While Africa has yet to see a -meter-plus completion since, for the second year running, the Middle East ended the year with nine such completions (see Figure ). This continues a steady trend of completions in the region, but pales in comparison to its all-time high of in, a spike that was attributed to a global post-recession recovery in tall building construction. was the first year since that the Middle East has not seen the completion of a supertall (-plus-meter) building, but one should be wary of assuming that this is indicative of a regional swing away from the supertall height threshold. Optimistic projections show as many as nine supertall buildings completing in the Middle East in. In an unusual turn, the United Arab Emirates did not have the greatest number of completions in the region for the year. That Year in Review report

4 accomplishment belongs to Qatar, which saw four towers completed in. The UAE followed with just two completions, and Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Bahrain tied with one completion each. The tallest building to complete in in the Middle East is Regent Emirates Pearl, a -meter tower in Abu Dhabi that twists along its height at a rate of approximately. degrees per floor. The tower was featured in the online version of the CTBUH Tall Buildings in Numbers study, Twisting Tall Buildings. North America Bouncing back from just four completions in (see Figure ), North America saw the finalization of seven -meter-plus buildings in, the greatest number since, in which it also had seven. All of these buildings are located within the United States, and four are in New York City alone. Most of the buildings completed in the US were residential in function, with six of the seven incorporating living components, and just one incorporating office uses ( Hudson Yards, meters). The tallest building to complete in the US was Park Place, a -meter residential / hotel tower in Downtown Manhattan, accommodating a Four Seasons Hotel in the lower portion and luxury apartments above the th floor. Notably, the year also saw the opening of Leonard Street, a tower that has been tracked closely throughout its development by the media, given its unique Jenga-like design that extrudes upper-level penthouses on cantilevering floor slabs. Europe Despite having a significant influx of tall building completions in, saw the lowest number of -meter-plus completions in Europe (two) since, in which it had zero (see Figure ). Notably, the year saw the completion of the -meter Vostok Tower, Moscow, the tallest component of the Federation Towers complex. After starting construction in, the tower has been years in the making. It is now the tallest building in Europe, a title that previously belonged to OKO Residential Tower, a development that completed in just blocks away from Vostok Tower in the Moscow City district. The other notable completion was Warsaw Spire, a -meter tower that represents the tallest of several new projects recently rising in the Polish capital. In terms of its height on the Warsaw skyline, the tower ranks second only to the Soviet-era Palace of Culture and Science, built in. Australia The land down under boasts two completions in, Vision Apartments in Melbourne at meters and International Towers Tower in Sydney at meters. The annual trickle of tall buildings coming online in the country is expected to continue in the years ahead, with eleven -meter-plus buildings currently under construction or topped out, with completion years ranging from to. Central America The Central America region had only one -meter-plus completion in, in the form of Mexico City s Torre Reforma. The -meter tower was recognized as a CTBUH Awards finalist for the Americas region for its innovative structural configuration, significant opacity along one of its façades, and the preservation of a historic building at its base. The tower is now the tallest building in Mexico. Completions by Function Interestingly, the functional split for tall building completions in remains almost perfectly consistent with that of previous years. Office functions have by far the highest share, representing % of completions with, achieving a consecutive all-time record over, in which there were (see Figure ). Meanwhile, mixed-use buildings were completed, representing % of the total; while residential buildings came online with a share of %. Only three all-hotel towers were completed in, representing just % of the total. Given that hotel functions are critical components of many mixed-use developments, the low number of completions for hotel-only towers does not indicate a downward trend for the function altogether. Completions by Structural Material The number of buildings completed in with composite structural systems hit an all-time high this year, with, or % of the total (see Figure ). Composite construction represents an effort to use the optimal properties of steel and concrete and Europe (.%) North America (.%) Middle East (%) Residential (%) Mixed-Use (%) Concrete (%) Australia (.%) Asia (.%) Hotel (%) Unknown - (%) Central America (.%) Figure. Buildings meters or taller completed in by Region Office (%) Figure. Buildings meters or taller completed in by Function Composite (%) Figure. Buildings meters or taller completed in by Structural Material Year in Review report

5 The Tallest Buildings Completed in = = = = Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre Guangzhou, China meters (, ft) Eton Place Dalian Tower Dalian, China meters (, ft) Vostok Tower Moscow, Russia meters (, ft) Tianjin Modern City Office Tower TIanjin, China meters (, ft) Global City Square Guangzhou, China meters (, ft) Chongqing IFS T Chongqing, China meters (, ft) MahaNakhon Bangkok, Thailand meters (, ft) = Wanda Plaza Kunming, China meters (, ft) = Wanda Plaza Kunming, China meters (, ft) Shenzhen CFC Changfu Centre Shenzhen, China meters ( ft) Riverfront Times Square Shenzhen, China meters ( ft) Tanjong Pagar Centre Singapore meters ( ft) China Chuneng Tower Shenzhen, China meters ( ft) Gama Tower Jakarta, Indonesia meters ( ft) GT Land Landmark Plaza South Tower Guangzhou, China meters ( ft) Park Place New York City, USA meters ( ft) = Tianhui Plaza C Guangzhou, China meters ( ft) = Greenland Center Tower Xi an, China meters ( ft) Huayuan Center Tower Changsha, China meters ( ft) Hudson Yards New York City, USA meters ( ft) Figure. The tallest buildings completed in. Tallest #: Vostok Tower, Moscow, meters Igor Butyrskii Tallest #: Shenzhen CFC Changfu Centre, Shenzhen, meters Cheng Chen Tallest #: Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre Guangzhou, meters (public domain) Tallest #: Eton Place Dalian Tower, Dalian, meters, NBBJ Tallest #: MahaNakhon, Bangkok, meters PACE Development Tallest #: Gama Tower, Jakarta, meters Westin Year in Review report

6 counteract their respective weaknesses. Thus, this material trend is expected to continue to dominate, particularly as tall buildings continue to proliferate in seismically active regions like China, which mandate robust structural responses. Concrete construction took the remaining share of completions with, or % of the total. The significant use of concrete can be attributed to a combination of concrete s relative ubiquity and lower cost in many regions, as well as its comparative simplicity in construction, which would increase its appeal in regions with lower-skilled labor pools. In, not a single building of meters or higher was completed with an all-steel structural system. The use of steel in tall buildings has almost completely transitioned into composite construction. As of this writing, there are only nineteen -meterplus buildings currently under construction that employ all-steel structural systems. The World s Tallest Buildings: Impact of (refer to pages ) Back in, buildings entered the list of the World s Tallest Buildings, marking the first year that every building on the Tallest list was a supertall (-plus meters tall). It follows that all buildings entering the list in also lie above this threshold, increasing the average height of the tallest buildings from meters in to meters in. The shortest building on the list is now Leatop Plaza, Guangzhou, at meters. Mixed-use functions continue to enjoy a plurality in the Tallest list, with buildings, the same count as in. Meanwhile, office functions take a slightly greater share in with buildings, up from in. Residential and hotel functions have smaller shares, with and seven buildings, respectively. The Tallest list continues to be dominated by composite construction, with buildings now employing composite systems, up from in. All-concrete and steel primary structures have experienced slight losses, down to buildings for concrete and nine for steel. Analysis For the third year running, the world has built more -meter-plus buildings than any other year (), beating the previous record of in. In, we predicted that between and buildings would complete within this range in, so it comes as no surprise that it was yet another record-breaking year in the skyscraper industry. It s impossible to decouple the enormous boom in global skyscraper construction from the rapid urban development of China. Additionally, over the past several years, there has been a major uptick in the amount of real estate investment coming out of China, rather than remaining within it. This, in combination with a still-cooling national economy, has caused some to assume that the nation s era of unprecedented construction is on the decline. While that may be the case in the long run, short-term prospects remain high, with buildings in the -plus-meter range currently under construction in the country. It s safe to say that the role of the tall building in China will never truly fade; the only question that remains is how long it will continue to keep a majority share of tall building completions annually. With the closest national contender, the US, in having only seven completions and China having, it s clear that the gap will take a number of years to close, if it ever does. Perhaps the most indicative trend from this report highlighting China s status is the fact that the city of Shenzhen completed buildings that were meters or higher. This is more than any country other than China managed to complete. With nine of these buildings accommodating pure office functions, and the remaining two combining office and either hotel or residential, the priorities for Shenzhen are clear: These buildings are strategic endeavors to stimulate the local and national economy with commerce, some of it originating internationally as a result of Shenzhen s status as a Special Economic Zone. The ethos is still very much in the realm of if you build it, they will come; we ll just have to wait and see if the wager is fruitful. Tallest titles also reigned supreme in, with completed buildings becoming the tallest in a city, country, or region. These superlatives include: Vostok Tower ( meters) completed to become the tallest building in Russia and Europe; MahaNakhon ( meters) completed as the tallest building in Thailand; Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre ( meters) completed as the tallest building in Guangzhou, the second-tallest in China, and the fifth-tallest in the world; Torre Reforma ( meters) became the tallest in Mexico; Tanjong Pagar Centre ( meters) is now the tallest in Singapore; Gama Tower ( meters) became the tallest in Indonesia; The Crescent City ( meters) became the tallest building in Azerbaijan; Eton Place Dalian Tower ( meters) completed as the tallest building in Dalian, China; Tianjin Modern City Office Tower ( meters) became the tallest in Tianjin, China; Wanda Plaza and ( meters) completed as the tallest in Kunming, China; Greenland Center Tower ( meters) became the tallest in Xi an, China; Huayuan Center Tower ( meters) completed as the tallest building in Changsha, China; Golden Eagle Plaza ( meters) is now the tallest building in Kunshan, China; Poly Business Center Office Tower ( meters) completed as the tallest in Foshan, China; World Trade Center ( meters) became the tallest building in Yiwu, China; Grand Hyatt Metrocenter ( meters) completed as the tallest building in Taguig City, Philippines; and Ilsan Yojin Y-City Tower ( meters) completed to become the tallest building in Goyang, South Korea. In each instance, the drivers behind these buildings remain constant: the desire to establish identity (whether for a commercial business or an entire locale), to enhance the skyline, to respond to urban population growth, and to maximize functional utility upon minimal land area. A Postscript on Perhaps one of the hidden narratives this year is what didn t complete, rather than what did. Many of the supertalls the Council now projects to complete in are carryovers from. Only of the to Year in Review report

7 Table : All Buildings meters or taller completed in ( no.) Asia ( no.) Middle East ( no.) North America ( no.) Europe ( no.) Australia ( no.) Rank Building Name Location Floors Height (m) Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre Guangzhou Eton Place Dalian Tower Dalian. Vostok Tower Moscow. Tianjin Modern City Office Tower Tianjin Global City Square Guangzhou. Chongqing IFS T Chongqing MahaNakhon Bangkok. = Wanda Plaza Kunming. = Wanda Plaza Kunming. Shenzhen CFC Changfu Centre Shenzhen. Riverfront Times Square Shenzhen Tanjong Pagar Centre Singapore China Chuneng Tower Shenzhen. Gama Tower Jakarta. GT Land Landmark Plaza South Tower Guangzhou. Park Place New York City. = Tianhui Plaza C Guangzhou = Greenland Center Tower Xi'an Huayuan Center Tower Changsha. Hudson Yards New York City. Hongren Fortune Center Wuhan. Financial Street Heping Center Tianjin. Oriental Plaza T Chongqing Xinglin Bay Business Tower Xiamen. Beijing Greenland Center Beijing Grand Hyatt Metrocenter Taguig City. = Regent Emirates Pearl Abu Dhabi = Wenzhou Zhixin Plaza Wenzhou Wongtee Plaza Shenzhen. R&F International Business Center Phase Guangzhou. Golden Eagle Plaza Kunshan Leonard Street New York City. = Fusheng Qianlong Plaza Fuzhou = HKRI Centre One Shanghai Yunda Central Plaza - St. Regis Hotel Changsha. Poly Business Center Office Tower Foshan = Ningbo Bank of China Headquarters Ningbo = Shangbang Leasing Tower Tianjin Torre Reforma Mexico City Waldorf Astoria + Magnolias Ratchaprasong Bangkok = Banyan Tree Signatures Kuala Lumpur = Central Bank of Kuwait Kuwait City Xi`an Center Xi'an Excellence Century Center Tower Qingdao. ASE Center R Chongqing. = Hilton Double Tree Sinyar Tower Doha = Ilsan Yojin Y-City Tower Goyang = Ilsan Yojin Y-City Tower Goyang = International Fortune Plaza Tower A Suzhou Shangri-La at the Fort Taguig City. North Yoker Plaza Tower A Shenyang. = Dalian Dingsen Center North Tower Dalian = Dalian Dingsen Center South Tower Dalian = Changchenghui Tower Wuhan = Kingold Century Guangzhou = Ilsan Yojin Y-City Tower Goyang = Ilsan Yojin Y-City Tower Goyang = Yunzhong Tower Nanchang = Yunzhong Tower Nanchang China Resources Building Chongqing. = BTPN Office Tower Jakarta = Vision Apartments Melbourne Qatar Petroleum District Tower Doha. Kerry Center Nanchang Ilsan Yojin Y-City Tower Goyang = Wyndham Centre Chongqing Rank Building Name Location Floors Height (m) = Alphaland Makati Place Makati = Golden Eagle International Shopping Center Nanjing = Park Lane Manor Nanning = Park Lane Manor Nanning = Shuiwan Tower Shenzhen = Warsaw Spire Warsaw = Oriental Hope Intertek Plaza Chengdu = Oriental Hope Intertek Plaza Chengdu = Sino Life Insurance Building Shenzhen China Resources Center Hefei. = Chongqing Rural Commercial Bank Financial Building Chongqing = Zhejiang Television Center Hangzhou = Causeway Bay International Plaza Nanchang East th Street New York City. International Towers Tower Sydney Capital Place Office Tower Jakarta. = Jinshi International Plaza Qingdao = World Trade Center Yiwu Four Seasons Tower Tianjin. Ilsan Yojin Y-City Tower Goyang Harborside Tower Jersey City. International Financial Centre Tower Jakarta. The Tower Dubai The Tower Jakarta. JR Gate Tower Nagoya. No. Shanghai Shanghai. = The Crescent City Baku = Asia-Pacific Center Guiyang = Ahcof City Plaza Hefei = New City International Hefei = Harmonious Century Tower A Kunming = Harmonious Century Tower B Kunming = Fortune Center Residential Tower Liuzhou = Park Terraces Point Tower Makati = CNOOC New Tower Shenzhen = CNOOC New Tower Shenzhen The Beekman Hotel & Residences New York City. China Co-op Group Tower Dalian Millennium Tower Boston. = King of Towers Dalian = Wenbo Tower Shenzhen Oasia Hotel Downtown Singapore. St. Regis Hotel & Residences Kuala Lumpur = Chengdu Fantasia Meinian Plaza, Tower C Chengdu. = Chengdu Fantasia Meinian Plaza, Tower D Central America ( no.) Chengdu. Dongyuan International Chengdu Sichuan Airlines Square Chengdu Eton Shenyang Center # Shenyang. Shenzhen Venture Capital Shenzhen. = Hujin International Plaza Guiyang = Jinan Center Financial City A- Jinan Hongyun Building Tower A Shenyang. = Gateway Towers AQ- Doha = Gateway Towers AQ- Doha = Mincheng Center Hotel Fuzhou = United Tower Manama = Nanjing Financial City Tower Nanjing = Nanjing Financial City Tower Nanjing = Suning Electric Plaza Nanjing = Burj DAMAC Riyadh = Centralcon Group Tower Shenzhen = China Oceanwide International Center Tower Wuhan = Jinshui Wanda Center Office Tower Zhengzhou supertalls projected by the Council in to complete in actually did complete. Taking this into account, yet also acknowledging the massive number of supertalls in advanced stages of construction, we expect between and supertall buildings to complete in, primarily in Asia and the Middle East. The tallest building set to complete in is Ping An Finance Center, which at meters will take its place as the tallest building in Shenzhen, the second-tallest in China, and the fourth-tallest in the world. Ping An was initially predicted to be the tallest completion in, but the time needed to put the final touches on the tower caused it to slip into. In South Korea, Lotte World Tower is also set to complete in Seoul, rising meters and taking its position as the tallest in the country by a wide margin. The tower is programmed with a greater variety of functions than is normally found in a tall building. It contains retail components, offices, a seven-star luxury hotel, and an officetel a function common in South Korean real estate, which offers studio-apartment style accommodations for people who work in the building. Meanwhile, the building s top stories are earmarked for extensive public use and entertainment facilities, including an observation deck and rooftop café. See Table for the tallest buildings set to complete in. For more information, please contact Jason Gabel, CTBUH Communications Manager at: jgabel@ctbuh.org. Table : Projected Tallest Buildings in Asia Middle East Rank Building Name Location Floors Height (m) Ping An Finance Center Shenzhen Lotte World Tower Seoul Changsha IFS Tower T Changsha Suzhou IFS Suzhou Wuhan Center Tower Wuhan Marina Dubai Capital Market Authority Tower Riyadh Nanning Logan Century Nanning Dalian International Trade Center Dalian The Address The BLVD Dubai Year in Review report

8 Tallest #: Torre Reforma, Mexico City, meters Alfonso Merchand LBR&A Tallest #: Harborside Tower, Jersey City, meters John W. Cahill Tallest #: Park Place, New York City, meters Joe Woolhead Tallest #: Regent Emirates Pearl, Abu Dhabi, meters DeSimone Consulting Engineers Tallest #: Shangri-La at the Fort, Taguig City, meters Jay Jallorina Tallest #: The Tower, Jakarta, meters Total BP Tallest #: Beijing Greenland Center, Beijing, meters LV Hengzhong Tallest #: Warsaw Spire, Warsaw, meters UNK Ghelamco Tallest #: Fortune Center Residential Tower, Liuzhou, meters AECOM Year in Review report

9 Tall Buildings in Numbers : A Tall Building Review Click on building names to be taken to the Skyscraper Center The Global Tall Building Picture: Impact of In, buildings of meters height or greater were completed, setting a new record for annual tall building completions and marking the third consecutive record-breaking year. This brings the total number of -meter-plus buildings in the world to,, marking a % increase from the year, when only existed. Tallest titles also reigned supreme in, with completed buildings becoming the tallest in a city, country, or region, while Asia retained its dominant status with buildings, representing % of the total. World s Tallest Building Completed Each Year Starting with the year, these are the tallest buildings that have been completed globally each year. m Burj Khalifa m/, ft Dubai Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre m/, ft Guangzhou m Shanghai World Financial Center m/, ft Shanghai Makkah Royal Clock Tower m/, ft Mecca Shanghai Tower m/, ft Shanghai m m m m Two International Finance Centre m/, ft Hong Kong Menara TM m/, ft Kuala Lumpur Kingdom Centre m/ ft Riyadh TAIPEI m/, ft Taipei Shimao International Plaza m/, ft Shanghai Rose Rayhaan Q Tower m/, ft Gold Coast by Rotana m/, ft Dubai Trump International Hotel & Tower m/, ft Chicago KK m/, ft Shenzhen One World Trade Center m/, ft New York City JW Marriott Marquis Hotel Dubai Tower m/, ft Dubai m m m m m The Average Height of the Tallest Buildings The average height of the tallest buildings in existence around the world that year The average height of all m+ buildings completed that year Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings Tallest : meters Tallest : meters Average: meters Buildings Average: meters Buildings,,,,, The total height of the m+ buildings that completed in is a record, meters that s almost Burj Khalifas. Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre, In, there were Guangzhou, at meters, was eighteen m+ buildings the tallest building to complete completed that became in, and is now the fifthtallest building in the world. or the tallest in a city, country, region. Year in Review report

10 World s Tallest : Analysis As the graphs below show, Asia and the Middle East continue to ascend, while the mixed-use plurality deepens, along with the rise of composite structures. tallest buildings by location tallest buildings by function tallest buildings by material North America Asia Middle East Europe Office Mixed-use Steel Concrete Composite South America Australia Central America Africa Hotel Residential Mixed Unknown Number of Buildings Entering the World s Tallest by Year A total of buildings made it into the global Tallest list in, the fewest to do so since, when only four buildings entered the list. Given the high number of supertall buildings expected to complete in, an upward swing is plausible for the coming year. Number of buildings entering the World s Tallest Buildings List The United States saw seven m+ completions in, the country s highest since. The tallest of these seven was Park Place, New York, at meters. Asia % For the fourth year in a row, at least % of all m+ building completions were located in Asia. The -meter Torre Reforma, Mexico City, completed in to become the tallest building in Mexico and the sixth-tallest in Central America. Year in Review report