The Spatial Variation Characteristics of Physical Conditions of College Students in Jiangsu Province

Transcription

1 Applied Mathematics, 2017, 8, ISSN Olie: ISSN Prit: The Spatial Variatio Characteristics of Physical Coditios of College Studets i Jiagsu Provice Bo Che, Dogji Xia *, Yuhao Gu Chagzhou Uiversity, Sports Istitute, School of Physical Educatio of Chagzhou Uiversity, Chagzhou, Chia How to cite this paper: Che, B., Xia, D.J. ad Gu, Y.H. (2017) The Spatial Variatio Characteristics of Physical Coditios of College Studets i Jiagsu Provice. Applied Mathematics, 8, Received: May 2, 2017 Accepted: Jue 26, 2017 Published: Jue 29, 2017 Copyright 2017 by authors ad Scietific Research Publishig Ic. This work is licesed uder the Creative Commos Attributio Iteratioal Licese (CC BY 4.0). Ope Access Abstract As a importat compoet of atioal talet resources, the physical coditios of college studets appear to be particularly importat. Based o geographic iformatio system platform of ArcGIS, this paper builds database to make a statistical aalysis o the physical coditios of college studets i Jiagsu provice i the years of 2012 to 2016, usig the aalysis fuctio ad graphics. The coclusios: 1) The studets physique coditios i Jiagsu provice is i a overall dowward tred; 2) There are differeces betwee the male ad female college studets physical chages; 3) I view of the college studets physical deterioratio degree of agglomeratio, differet areas should adopt effective measures to stregthe studets physique. Keywords Physical Health, Physical Chage Coditios, Global Autocorrelatio Coefficiet 1. Itroductio Natioal physical fitess is a importat part of a atioal power, the improvemet ad ehacemet of which is the ievitable result of the atioal ecoomic developmet. Ad it is also a drivig force for the developmet of the society. Alog with rapid ecoomic developmet, the physique of teeagers i our coutry has chaged a lot [1]. As a importat compoet of atioal talet resources, the studets physique is particularly importat. Jiagsu provice has always attached great importace to studets physical fitess research work. The studets physique moitorig has bee ormalized ad istitutioalized, DOI: /am Jue 29, 2017

2 ad college studets physical health test has also become the aual work of uiversities. Geographic iformatio system (GIS) is the ope systems of the geographical spatial iformatio acquisitio, processig, storage, ad aalysis, which has bee widely used i evirometal, plaig, moitorig, health ad other fields [2]. To study the chages of the physical coditios of college studets i Jiagsu provice i recet years, this paper carries out a research based o ArcGIS, by usig samples of the studets physique health test data i the years of 2012 ad 2016 i Chagzhou Uiversity. 2. Object ad Methods 2.1. The Research Object The object of this study is the physical chage coditios of college studets i Jiagsu provice, accordig to the studets physique health test results i Chagzhou Uiversity i the years of 2012 ad It stratified sample proportios radomly accordig to the city levels of Jiagsu provice, of which the umber of male samples is 3221, ad female samples 3113 i the year of 2012, while the umber of male samples is 3356 ad female samples is 3289 i the year of The Buildig of Data Processig ad GIS Database The atioal studets physical health stadards is referece documets formulated to implemet the ideology of the health is first, promote studets to actively take part i physical exercise ad to raise the level of physical health. The stadards has bee modified several times ad formulated accordig to the whole physical health status of Chia youth. It comprehesively evaluates the studets physical health level from the aspects of body shape, body fuctio ad physical quality. Accordig to the physical health test cotet, ad compared to the atioal studets physical health stadard, we will grade idividually 8 test projects, icludig the body shape idex, body fuctio idex ad physical quality idicators to get the me s ad wome s health status ad the rate of chage i the years of 2012 ad 2016, by calculatig the total score ad stadardizatio. Based o the Chia iteratioal editio digital map of 1:1,000,000, made by SioMaps Press ad the state bureau of surveyig ad mappig of the People s Republic of Chia, we build database o the operatig platform of ArcGIS [3], coectig the basic data ad players, with extractio of plaar layer of 13 cities i Jiagsu provice [4] The Aalysis Method of Spatial Autocorrelatio Spatial autocorrelatio is the iterrelated aalysis method of geographic thigs: It is used to test a certai geography elemets if the same attribute values associated with adjacet area. There are three kids of specific aalysis of the results: positive correlatio, space idepedece ad space egative correlatio. I ormal coditios, spatial autocorrelatio coefficiet is divided ito two broad categories: Global autocorrelatio coefficiet ad local autocorrelatio coefficiet. 869

3 Global Autocorrelatio Coefficiet Global autocorrelatio coefficiet shows the spatial characteristics of the object property values i the whole area. I this paper, Mora s I [5] is the research object, ad the idex is defied by the followig formula: Of which, S 0 = Wij i j 0 ( )( ) Wij xi x xj x i j= 1 I = 2 S x x ( i ) j Of which, i j, is the total umber of uits ivolved i the aalysis of the space, ad also the total umber observed variables. x i ad x j respectively express the observed value of a property x o the uit i ad j. W ij is the space weight, determied by the matrix of a space, ad it shows the spatial positio relatios betwee uit i ad j. If uit i ad j are adjacet i space, we stipulate W ij = 1; o the cotrary, if uit i ad j are ot adjacet i space, we stipulate W ij = 0. Mora s I obeys the progressive ormal distributio. E I = 1 1 It is expected as: ( ) ( ) Variace is: Var ( I ) 1 2 ( ) S S + 3 S = ( S0 ) ( 1) Of which: S ( ) 2 1 = Wij + Wji i= 1 j= 1 S2 = Wij + Wij i= 1 j= 1 j= 1 The data rage of Mora s I is betwee 1 ad +1. The greater the absolute value of Mora s I is, the spatial autocorrelatio i the research area is stroger. For idex Mora, it usually tests i all areas if there is spatial autocorrelatio, usig the stadardized statistics. Amog which: ( ) Z I 2 ( ) ( ) I E I = Var I Whe Z(I) is larger tha 1.65, it shows that there is positive space correlatio, whe Z(I) is less tha 1.65, there is egative space correlatio, ad whe Z(I) = 0, there is o space correlatio. The observed values distribute idepedetly ad radomly The Local Spatial Autocorrelatio Coefficiet I the process of overall autocorrelatio research, there is always very differet local autocorrelatio i the etire study area. Ad this situatio caot be described by overall authocorrelatio. I this situatio, the academic field itroduced aalysis of local autocorrelatio. The idex is defied as: wx ij j i Gi = x j j 2 870

4 The stadardized test values: Z( G ) i ( i) ( ) Gi E G = Var G Whe Z(G ) i is larger tha 1.65, it shows that there is positive space correlatio, whe Z(G ) i is less tha 1.65, there is egative space correlatio, ad whe Z(G ) i = 0, there is o space correlatio. The observed values distribute idepedetly ad radomly The Spatial Weight Matrix The spatial weight matrix uses spatial weight matrix to determie the umber W ij i above formula. The matrix is to show the space relatios of samples aalysis i the area. Accordig to differet stadards, wa defie differet spatial relatios ad get a differet W space relatio matrix. The patter of maifestatio of W space relatio matrix is: w11 w12 w1 w21 w22 w 2 w = w1 w2 w4 I the above matrices, w ij shows the space relatios of uit i ad j. Cocrete umerical value requires a certai stadard to determie. Typically the ivolved stadards iclude biary adjacecy matrix, weighted cetroid distace matrix ad the recet distace weightig matrix. This paper takes biary adjacecy matrix as stadards. If space uit i ad uit j have the commo boudary, they will be defied as ot adjacet, ad W = 1, ad if they have o commo boudary, W = Result 3.1. The Total Score Chage Characteristics of College Studets i All Cities By gradig related test items i physical fitess test over the years, ad calculatig the total score ad stadardizig, the we get the male s ad female s health status ad the rate of chage of 13 cities i the years of 2012 ad I Arc- GIS, we do visual expressio. Figure 1 ad Figure 2 show the physical health chages of male ad female college studets i all cities of Jiagsu provice i the years From Figure 1, we ca kow that i the recet 5 years, the physical health test scores of male college studets i Jiagsu provice except Xuzhou city fall, which is ot optimistic. The physical health of college male studets i Natog city degrades the most, ad the chage rate is little i Suzhou, Zhejiag ad Suqia. The physical health chages of male college studets i most cities are similar. From Figure 2, we ca kow i recet 5 years, the physical health test scores of female college studets i Jiagsu provice also fall, ad the overall rate of chage are similar to those of male college studets. The most serious city where the female college studets physical health degrades is Zhejiag, while the female i 871

5 B. Che et al. Figure 1. The score chages rate of male college studets physique i all cities of Jiagsu provice i the years 2012 to Figure 2. The score chages rate of female college studets physique i all cities of Jiagsu provice i the years 2012 to

6 college studets physical health chages the least, ad female college studets physical health degrade rates of Najig ad Liayugag are similar, ad that of Natog ad Wuxi are similar. I terms of regioal distributio, the similarity of male college studets physical coditios chages i etire provice. The space is i cosistet state i orth ad south. The chages differeces i all cities i the orther Jiagsu area (Xuzhou, Liayugag, Huaia, Suqia ad Yacheg) are big, while the chage differeces i the cetral sectio area of Jiagsu Provice (Yagzhou, Taihou ad Natog) are little ad that i souther regios of Jiagsu (Najig, Zhejiag, Chagzhou, Wuxi ad Suzhou) are similar. The cities where chage differeces are little are distributed i the orthwest-southeast directio. The space distributio rules of female college studets physical health chages are ot clear. It is oteworthy that there is sigificat differece betwee the male ad female college studets physical health chages The Whole Space Characteristics We aalyze the total score chage situatio of college studets physiques i overall space i 13 cities i Jiagsu provice, ad process the male ad female college studets physical chage rate, based o biary relatig right weight matrix. I ArcCatalog10, we calculate overall situatio Mora s idex I ad stadardized result Z(I). Related results are show i Table 1. From Table 1, the fact that the male college studets physique chage stadardized result Z(I) > 1.65 i Jiagsu provice i the years 2012 to 2016 shows there is positive spatial correlatio i the male college studets physique chage situatios, ad there is spatial agglomeratio i physical chage differeces. The places where physical chages are similar are adjacet i geographical rage. While the fact that the female college studets physique chage stadardized result Z(I) > 1.65 i 13 cities i Jiagsu provice show that the female college studets physique chage situatios have the same tred i spatial area i the years of 2012 to 2016 with male studets, ad there is positive spatial correlatio. But viewig the male ad female college studets of Z(I) value, the dispersity degree of female college studets physical chages i spatial agglomeratio situatio is higher, ot as clear as male college studets physical chages i spatial agglomeratio situatio Local Space Characteristics Accordig to the male ad female college studets physical chage data i the years of 2012 to 2016, we get the spatial distributio tred of physical chage Table 1. Mora s I ad Z(I). Local Variable Mora s Z(I) Male college studets physique chage rate Female college studets physique chage rate

7 B. Che et al. situatio i local areas. We draw statistical map i ArcGIS, accordig to the cal- culated local statistical value Gi ad stadardized value Z ( Gi ), as show i Figure 3 ad Figure 4. Figure 3. The male college studets physical chage spatial autocorrelatio aalysis Z(I) value i Jiagsu provice i the years 2012 to Figure 4. The female college studets physical chage spatial autocorrelatio aalysis Z(I) value i Jiagsu provice i the years 2012 to

8 Figure 3 shows that the male college studets physical health chage situatio Z( G i ) > 1.65 i Najig, Chagzhou, Wuxi, Taizhou, Yagzhou ad Yacheg appears as spatial positive correlatio, which states that there is high observatio agglomeratio i male college studets physical chages i 6 cities ad physical chages of studets coverge greatly. I Natog ad Zhejiag cities Z( G i ) < 1.65, which shows that there is spatial egative correlatio i two areas, ad it forms low growth space. The studets physical chage tred covergece becomes little. The male college studets physical chage i Xuzhou city Z( G i ) = 0 shows that observatios are scattered dispersedly, ot aggregate with the surroudig area. Figure 4 shows that the female college studets physical health chage situatio Z( G i ) > 1.65 i Najig, Chagzhou, Wuxi, Taizhou ad Yagzhou idicates there is high observatio agglomeratio i female college studets physical chages i 5 cities ad the chage situatio covergece tred become similar. Z( G i ) < 1.65 i Liayugag, Huaia ad Yacehg, which shows female college studets physical chage has low cocetratio. 4. Discussio We draw the coclusio of college studets physique fall i the time dimesio, by studyig the college studets physical health situatio i Jiagsu provice i the years of 2012 to Besides, we kow there is agglomeratio effect i the chage situatio through Mora s I, ad the college studets physical fall is the tred i the whole provice. Ad the dowtred has o differece i differet areas. Accordig to former study results [7] [8], there is o spatial correlatio betwee the excellet atioal costitutioal coditio i Jiagsu provice ad ecoomic developmet (Per Capita GDP). The ecoomic developmet has o direct ifluece o the improvemet of physical health. I space perspective, o the basis of college studets physique fall i the whole provice, the studets physique differece has differet features i differet areas: The male college studets physique deterioratio rate shows a icreasig tred i Najig, Chagzhou, Wuxi, Taizhou, Yagzhou ad Yacheg. This area distributes i the orth ad south directio, ad they coect i space. There is egative tred i Natog ad Zhejiag, the physique deterioratio has low growth rate. The female college studets physique deterioratio rate icreases i sychroizatio i Najig, Chagzhou, Wuxi, Taizhou ad Yagzhou, while decrease i sychroizatio i Liayugag, Huaia ad Yacheg. There is o direct relatio betwee male ad female college studets physical chage tred i the same city. But cosiderig from a whole uit, the male ad female college studets physique deterioratio rate icreases i Najig, Taizhou, Yagzhou, Chagzhou ad Wuxi, from which cities i the souther Jiagsu are i the majority ad there is o cities i orther Jiagsu, which idicates that the souther part i Jiagsu provice is the more promiet area, where college studets physique deteriorates i Jiagsu provice, the is the middle area of Jiagsu Provice, ad fially is the orther area of Jiagsu provice. 875

9 College studets physical health declie is the problem across the coutry today. From the actual situatio of Jiagsu provice, it coects both the objective factors of ecoomic developmet ad huma factors i the process of social trasformatio. I the process of ecoomic developmet, huma productio ad life style have chaged fudametally. I more ecoomically developed area, the itelligece itesive idustry agglomerate, ad metal labor is predomiat i the productio process, so teeagers do t eed to do maual labor ad the umber of exercisig reduces gradually. The level of ecoomic developmet i Jiagsu provice decreases from south to orth, which is i accordace with the physical coditios of studets. From the poit of view of the way of life, the itelligece ad iformatio life are icreasigly obvious characteristics at preset, college studets life ad study ways chage quickly. Life becomes more coveiet, so the movemet time i studets life reduce greatly. I view of the male ad female college studets physical chage coditios i differet cities, we should improve the studets fitess cosciousess. Physical coditios of college studets i the areas of souther declie sigificatly. Society should ivest more facilities, ad should pay attetio to youth whe creatig the atioal fitess atmosphere, especially the college studets ad high school graduates participatio. Colleges should pay attetio to studets physical exercise, ad actively advocate three walkig activity. College studets i the souther area of Jiagsu provice should attaches great importace to their health, ad participate i physical exercises to improve their physical quality. The middle area of Jiagsu provice, especially Yagzhou ad Taizhou, should pay attetio to the college studets chage tred ad stop physical decliatio. The college studets physique deterioratio has low growth tred i the orther area of Jiagsu provice, so they should also pay attetio to studets physiques. 5. Coclusio By aalyzig the college studets physical health test data i Jiagsu provice i the years 2012 to 2016, we ca draw coclusios: 1) College studets physical deterioratio is i the overall tred, ad the spatial agglomeratio degree of the tred is high. The male s agglomeratio degree tred is clearer tha female s; 2) Muicipal college studets physical chages vary i differet cities, ad Najig, Taizhou, Yagzhou, Chagzhou ad Wuxi are the more promiet areas where college studets physique deteriorate i Jiagsu provice; 3) Differet areas should adopt effective measures to stregthe studets physique accordig to college studets physical deterioratio degree. Refereces [1] Li, S., Tag, Q., Sheg, L. ad Huag, H.M. (2012) The Distributio Tred of Adult Obesity ad Hypertesio i Jiagsu Provice. Chia Sport Sciece ad Techology, 48, [2] Tag, G.A. ad Yag, X. (2006) ArcGIS Geographic Iformatio System Spatial 876

10 Aalysis Experimet Tutorial. Sciece Press, Beijig. [3] The State Bureau of Surveyig ad Mappig of the People's Republic of Chia (1996) 1:1,000,000 Chia Digital Map (DMDC), Iteratioal Editio. SioMaps Press. [4] Qia, W.L. ad Pa, X.G. (2010) Build of Studets Physique Evaluatio System Based o GIS. Joural of Huzhou Teachers College, 1, [5] ESRI. (1998) Gettig to Kow ArcGIS: The Geographic Iformatio System (GIS) for Everyoe. Evirometal Systems Research, Ic., Redlads, CA, USA. [6] Walter, T. (1996) The Spatial Atocorrelatio Coefficiet Mora s I uder Heteroscedasticit. Statistics i Medicie, 15, O;2-E [7] Li, S. ad Sheg, L. (2007) The New Attempt of Natioal Health Data by Usig GIS Techology. Joural of Beijig Uiversity of Physical Educatio, 12, [8] Li, S., Huag, H.M. ad Xu, H. (2008) The Applicatio of Spatial Autocorrelatio of the Natioal Costitutio i Jiagsu Provice. Sports ad Sciece, 1, Submit or recommed ext mauscript to SCIRP ad we will provide best service for you: Acceptig pre-submissio iquiries through , Facebook, LikedI, Twitter, etc. A wide selectio of jourals (iclusive of 9 subjects, more tha 200 jourals) Providig 24-hour high-quality service User-friedly olie submissio system Fair ad swift peer-review system Efficiet typesettig ad proofreadig procedure Display of the result of dowloads ad visits, as well as the umber of cited articles Maximum dissemiatio of your research work Submit your mauscript at: Or cotact am@scirp.org 877