History of Contemporary Architecture AA 2016/2017 Prof. Michela Rosso

Transcription

1 3 History of Contemporary Architecture AA 2016/2017 Prof. Michela Rosso

2 3/index & biblio references Architecture throughout Europe the Enlightenment 1720 to 1790 BRITAIN looks to ITALY PALLADIANISM FRANCE: SOUFFLOT and the rediscovery of GREECE Classical ANTIQUITY in the eyes of a Venetian scenographer and architect Gian Battista PIRANESI (BERGDOLL: 14-23)

3 Enlightenment, Siècle des Lumières (Fr.) Illuminismo (It.), Aufklärung (Germ.) Ilustración (Sp.) A European intellectual movement of the late 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition. It was heavily influenced by 17th-century philosophers such as Descartes, Locke, and Newton, and its prominent exponents include Kant, Goethe, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Adam Smith

4 Queen s House, Greenwich - London by Inigo Jones, around 1630 The FIRST SEEDS of PALLADIANISM

5 The 4 Books on Architecture by Andrea Palladio -Venice 1570 Vitruvius Britannicus, or the British Architect by Colen Campbell - London

6 Compare the two plans Chiswick Villa Designed by William Kent for Lord Burlington - London 1725 Palladio s Rotonda,Vicenza 1566

7 COMPARE THE COMPOSITION OF THE TWO FRONTS AT VICENZA AND CHISWICK VICENZA CHISWICK 1note the relation of openings and walls 2the vertical and horizontal subdivision of the façades 3the presence of cornices 4the treatments of the different storeys 5the different ways in which stairways are designed and function 6the style of the architectural details

8 VICENZA CHISWICK The two pronai and pediments compared

9 GLOSSARY: PRONAO (pl. Pronai) a vestibule at the front of a temple or religious building, enclosed by a portico ORIGIN via Latin from Greek pronaos hall of a temple, from pro before + naos temple.

10 GLOSSARY: PEDIMENT 1_the triangular upper part of the front of a temple, typically surmounting a portico of columns (LEFT) 2_a feature similar to a pediment surmounting a door, window, or other part of a building (RIGHT)

11 Palladio s Rotonda in The Architecture of A. Palladio in Four Books By Giacomo Leoni, 1715

12 THE RISE of ARCHAEOLOGY, from a pastime for wealthy gentry to a scientific and more systematic field of study Excavations in the Gulf of Naples, from 1738 The English translation (1773) of the eight volumes of Le Antichità di Ercolano (1757), a publication that brought the knowledge of the ancient (Greek and Roman) towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum to the fore

13 TRAVEL REPORTAGES: 2 distinct versions of antiquity 1 Julien David Le Roy, Les Ruines des plus beaux monuments de la Grèce, Paris James Stuart, Nicholas Revett,The Antiquities of Athens and Other Monuments of Greece, London 1762

14 The GRAND TOUR London 1732: the Society of Dilettanti DILETTANTI are people with an amateur interest in the arts

15 the Grand Tour definition The traditional trip to Europe undertaken by upper class European men of means GT is the forefather of the modern notion of TOURISM It is an English invention and in the 18th century it is still the most diffused form of EDUCATION among young (20-25 year old) male aristocrats

16 The Grand Tour Rectifies judgment Removes the prejudices Enriches the spirit Forges the manners Shapes the behaviour

17 THE REDISCOVERY OF GREECE THE TRABEATED STRUCTURE Structural truth and simplicity Visibility of the structure

18 The necesssity to verify the RULE through direct personal inspection THE REDISCOVERY OF GREECE In the Pantheon s crypt J.-G. Soufflot uses certain kinds of doric columns which are INSPIRED by the doric columns of the temples of Paestum that he had just visited

19 The taste for Greek architecture gets the official sanction by the French monarchy Left: Marquis de Marigny, Ministry of Buildings Right: his sister, Madame di POMPADOUR, the mistress of the King Louis 15th The crypt of Pantheon by Soufflot

20 Interior of the Neptune s temple in Paestum from Les Ruines de Paestum by Gabriel DUMONT, assistant of Soufflot Paris 1769

21 GIOVANNI BATTISTA PIRANESI Left: Neptune s Temple at Paestum, Right: Plans of the three temples in Paestum

22 GIOVANNI BATTISTA PIRANESI a theatrical view of Roman antiquity Views of Rome ( ) IMAGINARY VIEW of via Appia antica. It is a CAPRICCIO: a mixture of real and imaginary features.

23 Piranesi s background: scenography Ferdinando and Antonio Galli da Bibiena: the scene by angle

24 The genre of the CAPRICCIO Hubert Robert, Capriccio with Pantheon of front of the harbour of Ripetta, 1761 William Marlow, Capriccio with Saint Paul s Cathedral on the Canal Grande, 1795 Hubert Robert, Capriccio of a romantic landscape a castle and and urban scene, 1770

25 Tomb of Cecilia Metella GIOVANNI BATTISTA PIRANESI A theatrical view of Roman antiquity Views of Rome ( )

26 Ruins of a gallery of statues at Hadrian s Villa in Tivoli GIOVANNI BATTISTA PIRANESI a theatrical view of Roman antiquity Views of Rome ( )

27 GIOVANNI BATTISTA PIRANESI a theatrical view of Roman antiquity Views of Rome ( ) Pyramid of Caio Cestio

28 IMAGINARY PRISONS Carceri d invenzione 16 views by Gian Battista PIRANESI published in 1745 and 1761

29 IMAGINARY PRISONS Carceri d invenzione 1745 and 1761

30 IMAGINARY PRISONS Carceri d invenzione 1745 and 1761