THE LUTYENS TRUST A GRAND TOUR IN EUROPE NEO-CLASSICISM AND THE ARTS & CRAFTS IN DENMARK JUST A GLIMPSE AT WHAT WE ARE AIMING TO SEE

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1 THE LUTYENS TRUST A GRAND TOUR IN EUROPE NEO-CLASSICISM AND THE ARTS & CRAFTS IN DENMARK JUST A GLIMPSE AT WHAT WE ARE AIMING TO SEE

2 Copenhagen City Buildings Unitarian Church Built in 1927; It is the only unitary church in Denmark. Architect Carl Brummer designed the building, which expresses the universal idea of tolerance to unity's beliefs and opinions through its architecture. The architecture of several of the most famous monotheistic religions were united in the architecture. There are elements of Christianity (the original basilica form), the synods of Judaism (two pillars / balconies), and the Greek temples (the columns) There is not an altar but a centrally located lecture chair. Godthaab Church Godthåb Parish was created on 30 September 1909 and was named after Store Godthaab, an estate to which the entire area had once belonged. Gotfred Tvede, the son of Vilhelm Tvede, was charged with the design of the new church. The church was inaugurated on 19 March The church is built in red brick on a granite base and the interior has white-washed walls and a barrelvaulted ceiling with exposed timber structure. A series of roundarched windows on the west side provides natural light and the choir, raised three steps from the nave, is top lit. The ceramic altar table is the work of Herman Kahler. The interior of the apse features a relief by the sculptor Carl Mortensen depicting Christ on the Cross, surrounded by worshipping angels. Police Headquarters Politigården (Police Headquarters) was built and is the headquarters of Copenhagen Police. The building houses among other things, administration, management, emergency department and radio service. The architect of was Hack Kampmann. After his death in 1920 architect Holger Alfred Jacobsen took over the task in collaboration with the architects Hans Jørgen Kampmann and Aage Rafn. The interior is inspired by the Southern European Renaissance and Baroque architecture, with details inspired by antique Roman art and modern art deco. Christiansborg Palace In 1907 Thorvald Jørgensen won an architecture competition to design the third (and current) Christiansborg, which was built from The palace was to contain premises for the royal family, the legislature and the judiciary, and was built in Neo-baroque style in reinforced concrete with granite-covered facades. Fragments from the early 19 th C C.F. Hansen's palace were preserved in the north facade facing Prins Jørgens Gård. The original roof was tiled, but after a national collection, the tiles were replaced with copper in A weather vane with two crowns was later added to the tower, and at 106 meters became the tallest tower in the city. The Royal Reception Rooms are richly adorned with furniture and works of art rescued from the two earlier palaces, as well as decorations by some of the best Danish artists. The Tower Hall displays a series of tapestries with motifs from Danish folk songs, woven after cartoons painted by Joakim Skovgaard.

3 Copenhagen City Buildings The Grand Lodge of Denmark The Danish Order of Freemasons headquarters was designed by Danish Freemason and architect Holger Rasmussen in It has three floors above ground and two floors below. The two large pillars in front of the lodge's main entrance are 16 metres tall and weighs 72 tonnes. The building is completely symmetrical. On 21 September 1943, The Grand Lodge of Denmark was occupied by German police accompanied by Dane Poul Sommer. The Danish Freemasons had exactly four days to leave the building, and from 25 September 1943 it functioned as The Schalburg Corps' headquarters. The Schalburg Corps consisted of Danes in German police service during the war and was a branch of the Germanic-SS. Their job was to keep order and collect information that would lead to the arrest of Danish resistance fighters. City Hall Copenhagen City Hall is the headquarters of the municipal council as well as the Lord mayor of the Copenhagen Municipality, Denmark. The building was built from 1892 to 1905 ands designed by the architect Martin Nyrop in the National Romantic style, drawing inspiration from the Siena City Hall, Italy. Carlsberg Glyptotek Founded in 1888 by the brewer Carl Jacobsen ( ), the art museum contains two main departments combining art in impressive architectural surroundings. The Department of Antiquities houses excellent collections of Egyptian, Greek, Etruscan and Roman art, providing a delightful stroll through 3500 years of art and history. The Modern Department focuses on Danish painting and sculpture of the 19th and 20th centuries, as well as French art of the same period. Thorvaldsens Museum The Thorvaldsen Museum is a single-artist museum in Copenhagen, Denmark, dedicated to the art of Danish neoclassicistic sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen ( ), who lived and worked in Rome for most of his life ( ). Designed by Michael Gottlieb Bindesbøll, the building was constructed from following a public collection of funds in The building is strongly inspired by antique Greek architecture and built around an inner courtyard where the artist is buried. The courtyard is particularly notable being painted in Egyptian motifs, tall date palms, lions and crocodile prowl among exotic birds and plants. The Egyptian influence on the exterior is more chaste, here enormous doors in severe trapezoidal style define the architect's intentions to pay homage at once to Attic Greek, Pompeiian and Egyptian style. It is particularly noteworthy for its unique use of colours both inside and outside. Every room in the museum has a unique ceiling decoration in the grotesque style. The outside is adorned with a frieze depicting Thorvaldsen's homecoming from Rome in 1838, made by Jørgen Sonne.

4 Copenhagen Garden Cities & Grundtvig Church Bakkehusene This was the first scheme built for KAB (Copenhagen s Public Housing Association) that had been founded in The Bakkehusene scheme was designed by Ivar Bentsen and Thorkild Henningsen and completed in There were 171 low-rise houses in short rows running away from a large, tree lined rectangular green. The row house was a traditional rural form found in villages and small market towns although few survive in Copenhagen. At Bakkehusene there were two plans of house, one with a central entrance into a stair hall with a small room on either side, each lit by a single window to the front, and with a large room and a scullery or back kitchen to the rear and with a large bedroom in the roof space that is lit by dormer windows front and back along with a small box room. The second plan type had the entrance and staircase on one side, against the cross wall, a large front room with two windows to the front and to the rear two or three small rooms including a kitchen at the centre and a small scullery or wash room. In the attic space there was just one single large room again lit by dormer windows front and back. The houses have front and rear gardens with a small out building including a washhouse in the rear garden. Svanemøllevej Svanemøllevej is a road on Østerbro in Copenhagen extending over 1.9 km. It was built to relieve the then very narrow and heavily trafficked Strandvej in It was an attractive area close to the Sound with green areas, which was commissioned by the municipality of Copenhagen for fear of wealthy leaving the municipality in favour of Gentofte and Lyngby. Still today there are many beautiful villas in the area, often drawn by significant architects. Ryvang quarter quickly became one of the city's most beautiful neighbourhoods. The road and the neighbourhood are dominated by very large villas and are part of the so-called Ryvang district, which today houses a number of embassies and consulates. Studiebyen housing quarter Built for KAB (Copenhagen Public Housing Association) between 1920 and 1924 to designs from Edvard Thomsen, Anton Rosen, Ivar Bentsen, Thorkild Henningsen and Kay Fisker. There were 104 houses including a number of villas and two long rows along Rygårds Allé that face each other, running north south, with a large road-width gateway at the centre of the west row for access to a small group of semi-detached houses. All the houses including the rows have small front gardens and back gardens. The landscape was designed by G N Brandt, the municipal gardener in Gentofte. The association allowed the architects to experiment with different forms and different materials as a deliberate experiment to determine appropriate types for future housing schemes. The row houses have a simple, restrained design and are in brick with clay pantiles although many of the detached houses are rendered.

5 Copenhagen Garden Cities & Grundtvig Church Grundtvig Church Grundtvigs Church was erected in commemoration of the great Danish priest, poet, and reformer N.F.S. Grundtvig ( ). This monumental church is referred to in modern terms as a gothic cathedral. Master builder and architect Peder Vilhelm Jensen Klint ( ) died before the church was finished. The task was entrusted to his son architect and designer Kaare Klint ( ), who completed the building of the church in Kaare Klint also designed the chairs for the Grundtvigs Church - a chair made of beech wood with wickerwork seat - a Danish furniture design classic. Jensen-Klint's design for Grundtvig's Church is a synthesis of architectural styles. In preparation for the project, the architect studied many Danish village churches, particularly those on the island of Zealand with stepped gables. Their traditional building techniques, materials and decoration inspired his design. Klint merged the modern geometric forms of Brick Expressionism with the classical vertical of Gothic architecture. The most striking feature of the building is its west facade, reminiscent of a westwork or of the exterior of a church organ. The bottom half of the tower is simple brick while the upper reaches present the appearance of one solid, rippling surface. Klint decorated the nave with a version of the stepped gables common on Danish churches, but reinterpreted by doubling the apex. Some five million yellow bricks, a typical Danish building material, were used. In its floor plan, the interior resembles that of a typical Gothic church with a nave, two lateral aisles and a small transept. Its proportions are also Gothic: a long, narrow nave, an extremely high ceiling, the columns which rise up to pointed arches and the ribbed groin vaults above the nave and aisles. But it is the yellow brick and the lack of ornamentation which contribute to the Gothic verticality while adhering to the minimalist modern aesthetic. The scheme also included the construction of a number of buildings on each side of the church, placing it in a symmetrical context to enhance its visual impact. Designed by Jensen-Klint in collaboration with Vilhelm Wittrup, Charles I. Schou and Georg Gøssel, the buildings contain the parish hall and apartments and were built from 1924 to 1926.A long tree-lined road leads through Bispebjerg cemetery directly towards the church and the flanking buildings, creating a viewing axis similar to those of the Baroque period.

6 Country Houses Ordrupgaard Ordrupga ard was designed by the architect Gotfred Tvede ( ) and built in the years The extensive park was laid out at the same time. Together the buildings make up a fine complex where the style, materials and spatiality of each building are carefully matched to its function. The buildings are incorporated in their surroundings and offer good insight into the ideals that prevailed in this part of the stately architecture of the age, influenced at once by the rural and the exotic. Ordrupgaard was laid out as an exclusive country house with an accompanying gallery. Besides the main building, homes were built for the landscape gardener and the chauffeur, as well as a garage, which today houses the museum café. The fine woodshed and the fairytale gingerbread house make up the remaining buildings in the park area. Originally Ordrupgaard was to serve exclusively as the Hansen family s summer home. Mikkelgard Mikkelgård is the former summer retreat of the composer Hakon Schmedes who named his house after the locality. It was built in to design by Povl Baumann who was influenced by the Arts & Crafts movement. It is a four-winged house built with exposed timber framing facing the central courtyard. The house is surrounded by moats and is connected to the "main land" by a bridge. The architect Baumann's fascination with the Arts & Crafts movement shines through the architecture and location of the house in the landscape. In the closed courtyard with binding work, the big room with exposed bars and the visible chimney sweeps, the inspiration from the Arts & Crafts Society is clearly seen. The old sandstone figures at the gate were carved by the architect himself. Munkeruphus Munkeruphus was built in 1916 for civil engineer Frederik Raaschou and his family by the two young architects Terkel Hjejle and Niels Rosenkjær. A rare example of American Art and Crafts influence in Danish architecture, in 1958 it was acquired by artist and designer Gunnar Aagaard Andersen and his wife. Aagaard had previously lived in France from 1946 to 1951 where he had co-founded Groupe Espace, a collaborative between artists and architects who worked with spatial art, and he made it the centre of an active artistic environment with many visiting colleagues visiting from abroad. The garden is 5 acres with winding paths, great old trees, open lawns and beautiful views through a gully and down slopes to the beach. The view from the beach reveals the hills of Kullen in Sweden, the lighthouse at Nakkehoved, and Hornbæk. Flynderupgaard Flynderupgaard is a large manor style country house from the early 19th century. Flynderupgård was originally a farm but converted into a country house in the beginning of the 19th century. The main building was adapted in its current style in The large garden has been restored to its 1920's appearance, and traditional farming from that period is also being established, featuring horses, cows, pigs, poultry and traditional farming machinery. Knud Rasmussen s House Helge Bojsen-Møller was the architect, and in drawing up the blueprints for the house he was inspired by the English cottage style of the day. Apart from being a renowned architect in Denmark, he had also been at the head of a number of building projects in Greenland. Some years following the building of the main house an annex was added. This became Knud s private study and was later connected to the main house via a long corridor.