SLUM UPGRADING & PRODUCTION OF CITIES
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1 DESK REVIEW OF NATIONAL POLICY REFORMS AND PROGRAMMATIC APPROACHES TO SLUM UPGRADING AND PREVENTION AND CASE STUDY TEMPLATE FOR IN-COUNTRY WORK SLUM UPGRADING & PRODUCTION OF CITIES Margarita Greene Z.
2 OBJECTIVES Design a methodology to guide in-country data collection of policies and programmatic approaches to scale up slum upgrading and prevention at national, state, city level as applicable. TASKS LITERATURE REVIEW DELPHI SURVEY PANEL OF EXPERTS _1.1 _1.2 _1.3 1 TO IDENTIFY KEY POLICY ISSUES FOR SCALING UP 2 TO DESIGN A METHODOLOGY TO COLLECT INFORMATION 2.1_ TEMPLATE 2.2_ DATA COLLECTION 2.3_ TYPOLOGY 2.4_ COUNTRY SELECTION
3 LITERATURE REVIEW DELPHI SURVEY PANEL OF EXPERTS _1.1 _1.2 _1.3 1 TO IDENTIFY KEY POLICY ISSUES FOR SCALING UP 2 TO DESIGN A METHODOLOGY TO COLLECT INFORMATION 2.1_ TEMPLATE 2.2_ DATA COLLECTION 2.3_ TYPOLOGY 2.4_ COUNTRY SELECTION
4 1.1_LITERATURE REVIEW: to identify key policy issues for scaling up 1. FRAMEWORK 1.1. What is a slum? 1.2. Slum Formation
5 1.1_LITERATURE REVIEW: to identify key policy issues for scaling up 1. FRAMEWORK 1.1. What is a slum? 1.2. Slum Formation
6 1.1_LITERATURE REVIEW: to identify key policy issues for scaling up 1. FRAMEWORK 2.1. What is a slum? 2.2. Slum Formation alatchir, asentamientosirregulares, asentamientossubnor males, azotea, barriada, barrio, barrio pirata, bidonville, bustee, callampa, campamentos, colon iaproletaria, carralone, favelas, gecekoludar, gode, halabi abad, kampong, museques,rancho, serifas, shantytown, s lum, squatter settlements, vacindare, villa de emergencia
7 1.1_LITERATURE REVIEW: to identify key policy issues for scaling up 1. FRAMEWORK 1.1. What is a slum? 1.2. Slum Formation 2. APPROACHES 2.1. Denial 2.2. Slum is a Problem 2.3. Slum is Part of the Solution Slum Razing New Finished Houses / Key-in-Hand Sites and Services / Incremental Housing In Situ Upgrading
8 CITY PRODUCTION DIRECT HOUSING SOLUTIONS SUPPLY SUBSIDY INDIRECT HOUSING SOLUTIONS DEMAND SUBSIDY SLUM RAZING NEW SOLUTIONS DENIAL IN SITU UPGRADING IN SITU UPGRADING + NEW SOLUTIONS SLUM IS A PROBLEM SLUM IS PART OF THE SOLUTION
9 1.1_LITERATURE REVIEW: to identify key policy issues for scaling up 1. FRAMEWORK 1.1. What is a slum? 1.2. Slum Formation 2. APPROACHES 2.1 Denial 2.2. Slum is a Problem 2.3. Slum is Part of the Solution 3. MAIN POLICY ISSUES 3.1. Social Housing 3.2. Land Policy 3.3. Planning and Regulation 3.4. Information 3.5. Governance 3.6. Financing Incremental solutions Affordable houses Secure land tenure Forms of land tenure Land financing Zoning Land and building standards Taxation Ex ante: urban context Ex post: monitoring and evaluation Institutional arrangement Participation Credit Savings Subsidies PPP
10 1.1_LITERATURE REVIEW: to identify key policy issues for scaling up 1. FRAMEWORK 1.1. What is a slum? 1.2. Slum Formation 2. APPROACHES 2.1 Denial 2.2. Slum is a Problem 2.3. Slum is Part of the Solution 3. MAIN POLICY ISSUES 3.1. Social Housing 3.2. Land Policy 3.3. Planning and Regulation 3.4. Information 3.5. Governance 3.6. Financing Incremental solutions Affordable houses Secure land tenure Forms of land tenure Land financing Zoning Land and building standards Taxation Ex ante: urban context Ex post: monitoring and evaluation Institutional arrangement Participation Credit Savings Subsidies PPP
11 1.1_LITERATURE REVIEW: to identify key policy issues for scaling up 1. FRAMEWORK 1.1. What is a slum? 1.2. Slum Formation 2. APPROACHES 2.1 Denial 2.2. Slum is a Problem 2.3. Slum is Part of the Solution 4. DESIGN ASPECTS 4.1. Components: integrating vs minimalist 4.2. Implementing actors 4.3. Scaling up: projects vs programmes 3. MAIN POLICY ISSUES 3.1. Social Housing 3.2. Land Policy 3.3. Planning and Regulation 3.4. Information 3.5. Governance 3.6. Financing
12 HILE: Programa de Saneamiento_Lotes con Servicios_Mejoramiento de Barrios RASIL: Favela Barrio NEIGHBOURHOOD UPGRADING PROGRAMMES (NUP) ARGENTINA: PROMEBA
13 1.1_LITERATURE REVIEW: to identify key policy issues for scaling up 1. FRAMEWORK 1.1. What is a slum? 1.2. Slum Formation 2. APPROACHES 2.1 Denial 2.2. Slum is a Problem 2.3. Slum is Part of the Solution 4. DESIGN ASPECTS 4.1. Components: integrating vs minimalist 4.2. Implementing actors 4.3. Scaling up: projects vs programmes 3. MAIN POLICY ISSUES 3.1. Social Housing 3.2. Land Policy 3.3. Planning and Regulation 3.4. Information 3.5. Governance 3.6. Financing
14 LITERATURE REVIEW DELPHI SURVEY PANEL OF EXPERTS _1.1 _1.2 _1.3 1 TO IDENTIFY KEY POLICY ISSUES FOR SCALING UP 2 TO DESIGN A METHODOLOGY TO COLLECT INFORMATION 2.1_ TEMPLATE 2.2_ DATA COLLECTION 2.3_ TYPOLOGY 2.4_ COUNTRY SELECTION
15 2.1. TEMPLATE 1. CONTEXT 1.1. Country Framework 1.2. Urban Policies & Instruments 1.3. Slum Data 1.4. MDG Indicators
16 2.1. TEMPLATE 1. CONTEXT 1.1. Country Framework 1.2. Urban Policies & Instruments 1.3. Slum Data 1.4. MDG Indicators 2. EVOLUTION OF POLICY APPROACHES
17 2.1. TEMPLATE 1. CONTEXT 1.1. Country Framework 1.2. Urban Policies & Instruments 1.3. Slum Data 1.4. MDG Indicators 2. EVOLUTION OF POLICY APPROACHES 3. DESIGN ASPECTS 3.1. Main Policy Issues 3.2. Projects & Programmes Social Housing Land Policy Planning and Regulation Information Governance Financing Components Financing
18 2.1. TEMPLATE 1. CONTEXT 1.1. Country Framework 1.2. Urban Policies & Instruments 1.3. Slum Data 1.4. MDG Indicators 2. EVOLUTION OF POLICY APPROACHES 3. DESIGN ASPECTS 3.1. Main Policy Issues 3.2. Projects & Programmes 4. DECISION MAKING PROCESS 4.1. Key Actors and Interests 4.2. Negotiation Social Housing Land Policy Planning and Regulation Information Governance Financing Components Financing
19 2.1. TEMPLATE 1. CONTEXT 1.1. Country Framework 1.2. Urban Policies & Instruments 1.3. Slum Data 1.4. MDG Indicators 5. IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS 2. EVOLUTION OF POLICY APPROACHES 3. DESIGN ASPECTS 3.1. Main Policy Issues 3.2. Projects & Programmes 4. DECISION MAKING PROCESS 4.1. Key Actors and Interests 4.2. Negotiation Social Housing Land Policy Planning and Regulation Information Governance Financing Components Financing
20 2.1. TEMPLATE 1. CONTEXT 1.1. Country Framework 1.2. Urban Policies & Instruments 1.3. Slum Data 1.4. MDG Indicators 2. EVOLUTION OF POLICY APPROACHES 3. DESIGN ASPECTS 3.1. Main Policy Issues 3.2. Projects & Programmes 4. DECISION MAKING PROCESS 4.1. Key Actors and Interests 4.2. Negotiation 5. IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS 6. RESULTS 6.1. Outputs 6.2. Outcome 6.3. Lessons Learned The Good The Bad The Ugly Social Housing Land Policy Planning and Regulation Information Governance Financing Components Financing
21 2.1. TEMPLATE 1. CONTEXT 1.1. Country Framework 1.2. Urban Policies & Instruments 1.3. Slum Data 1.4. MDG Indicators 2. EVOLUTION OF POLICY APPROACHES 3. DESIGN ASPECTS 3.1. Main Policy Issues 3.2. Projects & Programmes 4. DECISION MAKING PROCESS 4.1. Key Actors and Interests 4.2. Negotiation 5. IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS 6. RESULTS 6.1. Outputs 6.2. Outcome 6.3. Lessons Learned The Good The Bad The Ugly Social Housing Land Policy Planning and Regulation Information Governance Financing Components Financing
22 LITERATURE REVIEW DELPHI SURVEY PANEL OF EXPERTS _1.1 _1.2 _1.3 1 TO IDENTIFY KEY POLICY ISSUES FOR SCALING UP 2 TO DESIGN A METHODOLOGY TO COLLECT INFORMATION 2.1_ TEMPLATE 2.2_ DATA COLLECTION 2.3_ TYPOLOGY 2.4_ COUNTRY SELECTION
23 2.2. DATA COLLECTION KEY INFORMANTS INTERVIEWS DESK TOP RESEARCH DIRECT OBSERVATION OF A SAMPLE OF PROJECTS
24 LITERATURE REVIEW DELPHI SURVEY PANEL OF EXPERTS _1.1 _1.2 _1.3 1 TO IDENTIFY KEY POLICY ISSUES FOR SCALING UP 2 TO DESIGN A METHODOLOGY TO COLLECT INFORMATION 2.1_ TEMPLATE 2.2_ DATA COLLECTION 2.3_ TYPOLOGY 2.4_ COUNTRY SELECTION
25 2.3. TIPOLOGY COUNTRY S CHARACTERISTICS..DIFFERENT TYPES OF CITIES. CONDITIONS FOR THE POOR VARY RESPONSES DIFFERENT IDEOLOGIES DIFFERENT PRIORITIES DIFFERENT BOTTLENECKS DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES DIFFERENT LESSONS TO BE LEARNED TYPOLOGY BASED ON TWO SETS OF VARIABLES: 1. THE MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM 2. FINANCIAL CAPACITY OF RESPONSE
26 MAGNITUDE OF THE SLUM PROBLEM: slum population vs rate of slum dwellings Population of slums (thousands) India Brazil Nigeria Bangladesh Indonesia Egypt Ethiopia South Africa Vietnam Colombia Kenya Morocco Chile Ecuador % 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% % of slums Source:UN-HABITAT
27 FINANCIAL CAPACITY : economic growth (GNP) vs poverty level (UBN) POVERTY LEVEL (UBN) POVERTY LEVEL D - GNP / +UBN B + GNP / +UBN ETHIOPIA_KENYA_B ANGLADESH_NIGERI A INDIA_BRAZIL C - GNP / -UBN A + GNP / -UBN - GNP / -UBN CHILE_INDONESIA_C OLOMBIA ECONOMIC GROWTH (GNP) ECONOMIC GROWTH A: High GNP, Low UBN B: High GNP, High UBN C: Low GNP; Low UBN D: Low GNP; High UBN
28 Population of slums (thousands) 2.3. TIPOLOGY MAGNITUDE OF THE SLUM PROBLEM India D Brazil Nigeria Bangladesh A Chile Indonesia Colombia Ecuador South Africa Egypt Morocco B Vietnam 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Kenya Ethiopia C A: Medium/High GNP, Medium Poverty Level B: Medium GNP, Medium/High Poverty Level C: Low GNP; High Poverty Level D: High GNP; High Poverty level % of slums FINANCIAL CAPACITY
29 LITERATURE REVIEW DELPHI SURVEY PANEL OF EXPERTS _1.1 _1.2 _1.3 1 TO IDENTIFY KEY POLICY ISSUES FOR SCALING UP 2 TO DESIGN A METHODOLOGY TO COLLECT INFORMATION 2.1_ TEMPLATE 2.2_ DATA COLLECTION 2.3_ TYPOLOGY 2.4_ COUNTRY SELECTION
30 WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? 1. are we heading in the right direction? 2. are we missing something? 3. how can we broaden the impact??
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