3rd Internacional Tripartite Conference

Transcription

1 3rd Internacional Tripartite Conference November 2018,Brussels Lessons learnt in developing and implementing a National slum Upgrading Program: The case of Brazil Ines Magalhaes

2 CONTEXT NATIONAL PROGRAMS OVERVIEW PAC SLUM UPGRADING OUTCOMES, LESSONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

3 206 M. Inhanitants 26 States & DF 5570 Municipalities rural 64% % urban rural 16% 2010 Accelerated urbanization with regional and intraurban inequalities 84% urban

4 OVERVIEW 6. 3 million housing deficit 9% stock Over 3 million households in slums*: 85% in metro areas; Around 9.6 million inadequate housing : Lacks infrastructure access Estimated annual growth of 1.2 million new houses;

5 SOCIAL HOUSING IN BRAZIL LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL MILESTONES FEDERAL CONSTITUTION Urban policy chapter on the social function of property LAW 10,257 - CITY STATUTE INSTRUMENTS FOR URBAN POLICY MP 2,220 - CUEM (Concession for Housing Purposes) of public occupied real state. NATIONAL COUNCIL OF CITIES instrument of democratic management of the Urban Policy PAC - GROWTH ACCELERATION PROGRAM PAC Slum Upgrading LAW Land regularization in Federal land; LAW on basic sanitation. LAW 13,089 Establishment of the Metropolis Statute CRASH BNH National Housing Bank th CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT incorporates housing as a social right REFORMS AND INSTITUCIONAL FRAMEWORK MINISTRY OF CITIES LAW establish the National System and Fund for Social Interest Housing INVESTIMENTS LAW Land regularization on Federal land in the Legal Amazon LAW Housing Program (MCMV) and Urban Land Tenure Regularization LAW /2017 new landmark on land tenure regularization

6 NEW INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK INITIAL CHALLENGES FOR THE NATIONAL SECRETARIAT NATIONAL SOCIAL HOUSING SYSTEM Regulated by the National Housing Plan and establishes the National Housing Fund PRIVATE SECTOR Improve the regulatory framework of the Real Estate Financial System to support a safe environment for investments and to stimulate private investments on social housing. PARTICIPATORY AND SOCIALY CONTROLED PROCCESS Cities Council and Cities Conferences (Local, State and Federal level) NHS CAPACITY BUILDING Support state and local government to develop/implement instruments for housing policy

7 RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE FEDERAL LEVELS POST 88 S CONSTITUTION Housing is a common responsibility in the Brazilian Constitution for all Federal levels. National, states and local governments can implement housing programs. On the other hand, regarding the urban policy, each of them has its own competencies: LOCAL GOVERNMENT Promote adequate land-use planning, through planning and control of the use, parceling and occupation of urban land. Property tax All housing projects from National Government must obey local legislation and must be previously approved by Local Government STATES Establish metropolitan regions and urban agglomerations Environmental Licenses NATIONAL Establish guidelines for urban development policies, including housing, sanitation and mobility policies. Legislation on expropriation and public records.

8 SCHEMES TO PROMOTE ADEQUATE HOUSING PAC - Slum upgrading Risks Reduction & Prevention 1 3 Large Scale Housing Production 2 Land Regularization 4

9 PAC - SLUM UPGRADING RESULTS Slum Upgrading 2 million beneficiary families 1 Total investment: US$ 12 billion Source: National Housing Secretariat (SNH) Ministry of Cities Reference: May of 2016

10 PRECARIOUS SETTLEMENTS TIPOLOGIES Urban territories with varying dimensions and typologies, inhabited by low-income families and the common characteristics of which are: land irregularity, high density; poor served basic infrastructure, social services and equipment; located in wetlands and/or subject to geotechnical risks; FAVELAS Self-built houses areas, arranged in a disorganized way, dense and lacking in essential public services, occupying land of property of others. IRREGULAR LOW-INCOME SETTLEMENTS With self-constructed houses lacking or with precarious basic urban infrastructure. TENEMENT HOUSES Buildings subdivided into housing for rent. Crowded and with communal toilets. DEGRADED HOUSING PROJECT by lack of maintenance or because their execution by the government was incomplete, requiring rehabilitation and adjustment actions

11 EVOLUTION OF APPROACH STRATEGIES. Until the 1970 s Hygienist approach 1980's: Re- Democratization Period > Local Level Protagonism Consolidation and basic services approach of 1990's / 2000's: Integrated Upgrading as predominant strategy

12 PAC - SLUM UPGRADING CONPECT OF INTERVENTION Complete: Configuring a polygonal where ENVIRONMENTAL will run all works and services necessary for the elevation of the urban and housing conditions of the settlement URBAN SOCIAL Integrated: Incorporation of settlements into the formal city, with approach of urban issues, housing, land, social and LEGAL environmental

13 PAC - SLUM UPGRADING INTERVENTION COMPONENTS URBAN INTEGRATION HOUSING LAND ADJUSTMENT ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL WORK Basic infrastructure; Containment and soil stabilization - eliminate risks; Construction of public facilities; Restructuring of the road Aiming to decrease density and reordering settlement may occur: Relocation (in the same area) or; Resettlement households Others houses may receive housing improvements such as bathrooms and new roofs Land adjustment is an essential and mandatory component. It must occur during the execution of works. Both for the families that will be consolidated and the ones that will be resettled. Aims to prevent further occupations in areas where families are removed from. They must be restored to a proper destination considering: the natural topographic profile and; The location s urban and social characteristics. Actions to Improve Social Capital Capacity, Autonomy; social leadership and; development of the beneficiary population, in order to promote sustainable development system to improve urban mobility.

14 Participatory approach The social work project should be thought for the different The stages social work of project implementation. Before, during and a period after the works. Main 1. Mobilization, organization and strengthening of the community: information channels organization or strengthening of existing organizations in the areas 2. Environmental and patrimonial education - prevention of occupation of risk areas, waste issues, health aspects, etc. 3. Socioeconomic development - improvement of access to public policies, generation and employment initiative and income, capacity building, creation of cooperatives 4. Follow-up of works - information

15 In my Experience National Policy and Programs have an important inductive role Different housing needs require different answers > A range of programs to improve housing, risk housing, housing improvement program, rental housing. Institutional development and capacity building of key players Clarity in roles of key actors. Stimulate other levels of government and others players to have complementary actions and programs. Public Investment and Land regularity To Scale up : Allow public investments before full land regularization

16 In my Experience Multi-scalar interventions and multi-players demand empowered governance and monitoring instances to ensure accountability and adherence to timelines. Strengthening the social fabric. Social work is critical to go beyond bricks & mortar to integrate for sustainability and social cohesion. Sustainability after the conclusion of interventions; Scope and Scale It is important to have a diagnosis and a comprehensive proposal for the area even when opting for an incremental upgrading project. Avoiding the consolidation of situations with precarious urban quality To integrate others public policies onto the territory, such as public safety, education, health and social care

17 Condominial/ fractional propriety ownership needs policy & legal instruments. Encourage self-management mechanisms

18 PAC - SLUM UPGRADING BILLINGS AND GUARAPIRANGA DMANS SÃO PAULO Sanitation, drinking water, paving, storm water drainage and house improvements Billings Guarapiranga Complex Investment: R$ 1.07 billlion Environmental recovery

19 PAC - SLUM UPGRADING VILA DA BARCA PARÁ before then Source: Ministério das Cidades

20 PAC - SLUM UPGRADING ALEMAO COMPLEX RIO DE JANEIRO Urban mobility (cable car), housing, mitigation of risk areas, infrastructure and facilities.

21 PAC - SLUM UPGRADING PARAISOPOLIS COMPLEX SÃO PAULO

22 PAC - SLUM UPGRADING ANIL RIVER S LEFT RIVERBANK MARANHÃO Urban mobility, environmental recovery, housing production and infrastructure, requalification of housing and public equipment. before then

23 PAC - SLUM UPGRADING ROCINHA COMPLEX RIO DE JANEIRO

24 PAC - SLUM UPGRADING CANTAGALO PAVÃO/PAVAOZINHO HILLSIDE RIO DE JANEIRO

25 PAC - SLUM UPGRADING MAIN CHALLENGES i. Maintaining current levels of investment ii. iii. iv. Sustainability after the conclusion of interventions; To integrate others public policies onto the territory, such as public safety, education, health and social care; Structuring a technical assistance system to stakeholders and the families; v. Improvement of regulatory frameworks VILA DA BARCA BELÉM/PA VILA DIQUE PORTO ALEGRE/RS ALEMÃO RIO DE JANEIRO/RJ

26 MY HOUSE, MY LIFE (MCMV) RESULTS Starting at the end: 2 96% municipalities 4,1 MILLION units delivered

27 MINHA CASA MINHA VIDA RESULTS MCMV- 1 1 MILLION MCMV MILLIONS Target changes Stop bracket /20 18 CONTRACTED UNITS 5.3 million income units 2017/2018 Bracket 1: up to US$ 695, million 60 thousand Bracket 2: up to US$ 1, million 644 thousand Bracket 3: up to US$ 2, thousand 75 thousand Housing Delivered: 4.1 million Source: IBGE; Database Financial Institutions/Agents Reference: Agosto 2018 US$ = R$ 2,4 MEDIUM /period

28 RISKS REDUCTION 3

29 RISKS REDUCTION Emergency support, assistance and reconstruction. Structuring constructions =Nearly US$ 6.0 Billion investment Risk areas National structuring network

30 RISKS REDUCTION MAIN GOALS To promote risks prevention focusing onmunicipalities with higher susceptibility for flooding, heavy rains, land sliding and drought, through environmental and planning tools, land using monitoring and infrastructure intervention; To structure a decision making support and disaster alert system; To expand risks mapping in vulnerable municipalities to guide the Civil Defense body; To invest in geotechnical mapping for urban expansion in vulnerable municipalities;

31 LANDOWNERSHIP REGULARIZATION PAPEL PASSADO PROGRAM 4

32 LANDOWNERSHIP REGULARIZATION PAPEL PASSADO PROGRAM Technical support To States and Municipalities to build policies and programs for landownership regularization Technical support activities Through courses, workshops, seminars and support materials Resources transfer To implement landownership regularization activities in urban informal settlements in order to distribute holding titles for the occupants.

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