AH Things: Text, Object

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1 School of Archaeology & Ancient History AH Things: Text, Object and Historiography Academic Year: Semester: 2 Time and location: Mondays 11-1, ATT SB2.07 First meeting: Monday 25 January, 11-1, ATT SB2.07 Module coordinator: Dr Dan Stewart ds120@le.ac.uk Room: Archaeology & Ancient History 005 Office hours: See note on office door Your individual appointments (e.g. tutorials, seminars): document prepared by: DRS

2 AH Things: Text, Object and Historiography Weighting: 20 credits Coordinator: Dr Dan Stewart Module outline: The relationships between ancient sources, material culture and contemporary scholarship is an uneasy one. In this module we will explore a range of approaches to dealing with these complex and frequently contradictory relationships. Each week explores a different approach to the study of the past through the pairing of an ancient source with an object or place. Placing emphasis on how the relationship between people and things changes over the long term, and how we present that relationship, this course critically questions the importance of places, artefacts and texts. Aims: The module aims to built on students existing knowledge of the history and archaeology of the ancient world and to provide grounding in: Intended learning outcomes: Method(s) of teaching: Method of assessment: The sources available for the study of Roman urbanism The varied urban fabric of Roman cities and the changes in urban economic and social life from the time of the Republic to late antiquity Research skills and methodologies used to study the relevant evidence and theories By the end of the course, students should be able to: Demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between texts and objects in contemporary understandings of the historical record. Display an awareness of the various theoretical and historiographical issues surrounding approaches to the past. Demonstrate in both written work and group seminars a critical understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of textual and archaeological evidence for the study of the subject. Critically evaluate competing theoretical understandings of texts and objects past and the importance of them in their historical and cultural contexts. Research a well-defined topic and communicate the results effectively. Critically evaluate translated sources and documents, archaeological data, and secondary literature and deploy them effectively in combination as appropriate. Nine two-hour meetings combining lectures and seminars. 1. A critical essay analysing recent research on a set theme (max. 3,000 words: 50%) 2. Exam (50%) 2

3 Teaching schedule Week 14: M. 25 Jan. Week 15: M. 1 Feb Week 16: M. 8 Feb. Week 17: M. 15 Feb. 1. Course Introduction 2. Myth and Archaeology 3. Monumentality 4. Historical Topography Assignment of essay topics by Friday February 19 Week 18: M. 22 Feb. Week 19: M. 1 Mar. Week 20: M. 8 Mar. Week 21: M. 15 Mar. Week 22: M. 22 Mar. Week 23: M. 3 May 5. The Past in the Past Reading Week no teaching in Ancient History 6. The Inheritance of Rome 7. Shifting Values of Texts and Objects 8. The Biographical Impulse 9. Reception Through Time: the Past in the Present Essays due MONDAY 10 May

4 Assignments and deadlines 1. Exam (50%) The exam will consist of a choice of essay questions based on the material covered in the course. Time allowed: two hours. 2. Essay (50%), 3, 000 words max. Deadline: 10 May 2010 Essay topics: you are encouraged to develop your own essay topic, but you MUST discuss it with module coordinator before Friday 19 February You will be responsible for selecting a text or object, whether ancient or contemporary, and research it while building on the approaches confronted in the module. You can chose to focus on one of the following themes, or develop one of your own. Essay Themes: 1. What is the relationship between the physical city and the city written about in ancient sources? 2. In what ways was the past used in the past? How do contemporary approaches differ? 3. Discuss the impact of individual objects on the biographical impulse. 4. How have approaches to the textual traditions of Greece and Rome affected our understanding of archaeology? 4

5 Detailed Course Schedule and Weekly Readings Week 14 Course Introduction How have people approached ancient history and material culture? Why is the relationship between these things important? Andrén, A Between Artifacts and Text: Historical Archaeology in Global Perspective. New York: Plenum Press Prown, J. D The Truth of Material Culture: History or Fiction. In Lubar, S. and Kingery, W. D. (eds) History From Things: Essays on Material Culture. Washington: Smithsonian Institute Press Sauer, E. W The Disunited Subject: Human History s Split into History and Archaeology. In Sauer, E. W. (ed.) Archaeology and Ancient History: Breaking Down the Boundaries. London: Routledge: Should either text or object have a primary authority? Is identifying contradictions the same as being critical? Week 15 Text: Homer, Iliad, 23. Object: Death Mask of Agamemnon Myth and Archaeology In the class, an overview of the relationship between myth and archaeology focusing on Heinrich Schliemann and Homeric epic. We will examine not only the relationship between myth and early archaeological research, but also contemporary mythologizing. Dickinson, O The Face of Agamemnon. Hesperia, 74.3: Morgan, J Myth, Expectations and the Divide between Disciplines in the Study of Classical Greece. In Sauer, E. W. (ed.) Archaeology and Ancient History: Breaking Down the Boundaries. London: Routledge: Saïd, S Myth and Historiography. In Marincola, J. (ed.) A Companion to Greek and Roman Historiography. Volume I. Oxford: Blackwell: In what ways have mythological texts been read as history? How have these readings informed archaeological interpretation? Where is the line between myth and history? How and where do scholars draw that line? What impact has myth had on our assessments of Schliemann s career? 5

6 Week 16 Text: Horace, Carmina, 1.8, Monumentality Object: Augustus Campus Martius An examination of urban landscapes and the different understandings gleaned from texts and archaeology. In particular we will be examining notions of monumentality, permanence, and propaganda, and the idea of place as object. Edwards, C Writing Rome: Textual Approaches to the City. Cambridge: CUP: Elsner, J Inventing Imperium: Texts and the Propaganda of Monuments in Augustan Rome. In Elsner, J. (ed.) Art and Text in Roman Culture. Cambridge: CUP: Favro, D Making Rome a World City. In Galinsky, K. (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus. Cambridge: CUP: In what ways are monuments shaped by individuals? Are understandings of monumentality different in literature than in practice? Does literature reflect practice, or vice versa? Week 17 Text: Pausanias, Book 1 (esp ). Historical Topography Object: The Parthenon Frieze The Parthenon is often held up as the epitome of Classical Greek architectural brilliance, and has a long history at the heart of cultural debates surrounding religion, imperialism, nationalism and identity. Here we will be examining the notion of historical topography through the lens of Pausanias and this most famous of Greek monuments. Alcock, S. E Landscapes of Memory and the Authority of Pausanias. In Bingen, J. and Reverdin, O. (eds) Pausanias historien: huit exposbes suivis de discussions. (Entretiens sur l'antiquité classique, vol. 41.) Vandoeuvres-Genève: Fondation Hardt: Hurwitt, J. Appendix A: Pausanias s Description of the Acropolis. In Hurwitt, J. The Athenian Acropolis: History, Mythology and Archaeology from the Neolithic Era to the Present. Cambridge: CUP: Neils, J With Noblest Images on all Sides : The Ionic Frieze of the Parthenon. In Neils, J. (ed.) The Parthenon: From Antiquity to the Present. Cambridge: CUP: Osborne, R The Viewing and Obscuring of the Parthenon Frieze. Journal of Hellenic Studies 107: What is historical topography? 6

7 What are the advantages offered by textual reconstructions of urban topography? Do textual reconstructions tell us anything meaningful about cities, or are they simply about their authors? Week 18 Text: Lucan, Bellum Civile, (Also known as The Pharsalia) The Past in the Past Object: The Pantheon; Troy This class will use the case studies of Troy and the Pantheon in Rome to examine ideas of the past in the past, and how modern scholars can access ideas or conceptions of the past through time. Edwards, C Writing Rome: Textual Approaches to the City. Cambridge: CUP: Hardie, P Augustan Poets and the Mutability of Rome. In Powell, A. (ed) Roman Poetry and Propaganda in the Age of Augustus. Bristol: Bristol Classical Press: Rossi, A "Remapping the Past: Caesar's Tale of Troy (Lucan BC )." Phoenix 55: Thomas, E The Architectural History of the Pantheon from Agrippa to Septimius Severus via Hadrian. Hephaistos 15: How is the past represented physically, and in texts? How might we characterise approaches to the past in the past? Week 19 Reading Week Week 20 The Inheritance of Rome Text: Gibbon, E p.267. Object: Capitol, Rome; Forum Romanum Here we examine the perception and reception of the city of Rome over time, by focusing on two different but related aspects of the city s inheritance : that of Edward Gibbon and his romantic view of the ruin, and Italian Fascism s (ab)use of the past for contemporary political propaganda. Craddock, P Edward Gibbon and the Ruins of the Capitol. In Patterson, A. (ed) Roman Images. Selected Papers from the English Institute, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press: Roth, M. S Irresistible Decay: Ruins Reclaimed. In Roth, M. S., Lyons, C., and Merewether, C. (eds) Irresistible Decay: Ruins Reclaimed. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute for the History of Art and the Humanities: Nelis, J Constructing Fascist Identity: Benito Mussolini and the Myth of Romanita. Classical World, 100.4:

8 Do texts and objects present fact that interpretations distort? To what extent does the way we view the present impact our understanding of the past? Is there a positivist knowable past? What is the place of reception studies in our understanding of the past? Week 21 Text: The Rosetta Stone Shifting Values of Texts and Objects Object: The Rosetta Stone The class will examine the way perceived values of texts and objects influences their interpretations. Frequently, the way in which an object or text was perceived in the past is far removed from its contemporary perception, and can even have no role in contemporary scholarly discourse. Clark, E. A History, Theory, Text: Historians and the Linguistic Turn. Cambridge: Harvard University Press: North, J. A Ancient History Today. In Erskine, A. (ed.) A Companion to Ancient History. Oxford: Blackwell-Wiley: Parkinson, R Cracking Codes: The Rosetta Stone and its Decipherment. London: British Museum Press: Should we incorporate changing scholarly emphases into our understandings of the past? Does it matter if a text s or object s value is higher today than it was in antiquity? Why or why not? Week 22 The Biographical Impulse Text: Pausanias, (on Pheidias Zeus); Thucydides, , (on the desecration of the herms). Object: Pheidias Cup; M&L 79 (Alcibiades Property Auction) There has long been a tendency within Ancient History to focus on historically-named individuals to write the history of the political and military elite. In this week we examine the impact of this biographical impulse on our understandings and interpretations of the past, and present alternative ways to think about biography. Gosden, C. and Marshall, Y The Cultural Biography of Objects. World Archaeology, 31.2: Marincola, J Authority and Tradition in Ancient Historiography. Cambridge: CUP:

9 Stadter, P Biography and History. In Marincola, J. (ed.) A Companion to Greek and Roman Historiography. Volume II. Oxford: Blackwell: Has the focus on known individuals created a lop-sided history To what extent are history and archaeology fields of aggregate data? Is it possible to redefine what we mean by biography to access other types of historical knowledge? Week 23 Reception Through Time: the Past in the Present Text: Pliny HN, 36.37; Virgil, Aeneid, , Object: Laocoön Group In this final class we draw together many of the predominant themes of the course and examine the reception of the past in the modern world. We use the example of the Vatican Laocoön Group to look at the problems facing both positivist and relativist understandings of the past. Brilliant, R My Laocoön: Alternative Claims in the Interpretation of Artworks. Berkeley: University of California Press: 1-26, Should either text or object have a primary authority? Is the past knowable? 9

10 The Ten Things: 1. The Death Mask of Agamemnon 2. The Campus Martius 3. The Parthenon Frieze 4. The Pantheon 5. Troy 6. The Forum Romanum 7. The Rosetta Stone 8. Pheidias Cup 9. Auction of Alcibiades Property 10. Laocoön Group The Ten Texts: 1. Homer, Iliad. 2. Horace, Carmina. 3. Pausanias 4. Lucan, Bellum Civile 5. Gibbon, E. The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. (1897 edition) 6. The Rosetta Stone 7. Thucydides 8. Pliny, Natural History 9. Virgil, Aeneid 10. Brilliant, R My Laocoön: Alternative Claims in the Interpretation of Artworks. Berkeley: University of California Press. 10

11 Select Bibliography The following is a select bibliography for themes covered by the module. Not all topics covered below will necessarily be covered in the course. The thematic headings are very broadly defined, and there is overlap between themes. General Bodel, J. (ed.) Epigraphic Evidence: Ancient History from Inscriptions. London: Routledge. Clark, E. A History, Theory, Text: Historians and the Linguistic Turn. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Erskine, A. (ed.) A Companion to Ancient History. Oxford: Blackwell-Wiley. Hicks, D. and Beaudry, M. C. (eds.) The Cambridge Companion to Historical Archaeology. Cambridge: CUP. Lowenthal, D The Past is a Foreign Country. Cambridge: CUP. Moreland, J Archaeology and Text. London: Duckworth. Morley, N Theories, Models and Concepts in Ancient History. London: Routledge. Sauer, E. W. (ed.) Archaeology and Ancient History: Breaking Down the Boundaries. London: Routledge. Schnapp, A The Discovery of the Past: The Origins of Archaeology. London: British Museum Press. Trigger, B A History of Archaeological Thought. Cambridge: CUP Historiography Braudel, F The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II. New York: Harper and Row. Brilliant, R My Laocoön: Alternative Claims in the Interpretation of Artworks. Berkeley: University of California Press. Campbell, M. B The Witness and the Other World: Exotic European Travel Writing Ithaca, Cornell University Press. Craddock, P Edward Gibbon and the Ruins of the Capitol. In Patterson, A. (ed) Roman Images. Selected Papers from the English Institute, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press: Gamble, L. H Fact or Forgery: Dilemmas in Museum Collections. Museum Anthropology 25(2): Halsall, G Archaeology and Historiography. In Bentley, M. (ed) Companion to Historiography. London: Routledge: Hardie, P Augustan Poets and the Mutability of Rome. In Powell, A. (ed) Roman Poetry and Propaganda in the Age of Augustus. Bristol: Bristol Classical Press: Horden, P. and Purcell, P The Corrupting Sea: A Study of Mediterranean History. Oxford: Blackwell. Howgego, C Ancient History from Coins. London: Routledge. Jones, M., Craddock, P. and Barker, N. (eds.) Fake? The Art of Deception. London: British Museum Press. Kohl, P. L Nationalism and Archaeology: On the Construction of Nations and the Reconstructions of the Remote Past. Annual Review of Anthropology 27: Levine, J The Battle of the Books: History and Literature in the Augustan Age. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Marincola, J. (ed.) A Companion to Greek and Roman Historiography. Volumes I & II. Oxford: Blackwell. 11

12 Marincola, J Authority and Tradition in Ancient Historiography. Cambridge: CUP. Nelis, J Constructing Fascist Identity: Benito Mussolini and the Myth of Romanita. Classical World, 100.4: Parkinson, R Cracking Codes: The Rosetta Stone and its Decipherment. London: British Museum Press. Pritchett, W. K The Liar School of Herodotus. Amsterdam, J. C. Gieben. Rossi, A Remapping the Past: Caesar's Tale of Troy (Lucan BC ). Phoenix 55: Material Culture Studies Andrén, A Between Artifacts and Text: Historical Archaeology in Global Perspective. New York: Plenum Press. Beger, A. A What Objects Mean. An Introduction to Material Culture. Walnut Creek: Left Coast Press. Gosden, C. and Marshall, Y The Cultural Biography of Objects. World Archaeology, 31.2: Hurcombe, L. M Archaeological Artefacts as Material Culture. London: Routledge. Latour, B The Berlin Key or how to do Words with Things. In Graves-Brown, P. M. (ed.) Matter, Materiality, and Modern Culture. London: Routledge: Lubar, S. and Kingery, W. D. (eds) History From Things: Essays on Material Culture. Washington: Smithsonian Institute Press. Miller, D. (ed.) Materiality. London: Duke University Press. Olsen, B Material Culture after Text: Re-Membering Things. Norwegian Archaeological Review 36.2: Schnapp, A Between Antiquarians and Archaeologists--Continuities and Ruptures. Antiquity, 76: Schofield, A., Johnson, W., and Beck, C. (eds.) Matériel Culture: The Archaeology of 20th Century Conflict. London, Routledge. Tilley, C., et al. (eds.) Handbook of Material Culture. London: Sage. Monumentality & Ruins Alcock, S. E Archaeologies of the Greek Past. Landscape, Monuments, and Memories. Cambridge: CUP. Arnold, B (1990). The Past as Propaganda: Totalitarian Archaeology in Nazi Germany. In Tim Murray, T. and Evans. C. (eds.), Histories of Archaeology. A Reader in the History of Archaeology. Oxford: OUP: Bukatman, S Garbage: The Stuff That Dreams Are Made Of. Response to Michael Shanks, David Platt, and William L. Rathje. Modernism/modernity 11.1: Connerton, P Cultural Memory. In Tilley, C., Keane, W., Küchler, S., Rowlands, M., and Spyer, P. (eds.) Handbook of Material Culture. London: Sage: Connerton, P How Societies Remember. Cambridge: CUP. Dietler, M A Tale of Three Sites: The Monumentalization of Celtic Oppida and the Politics of Collective Memory and Identity. World Archaeology 30.1: Elsner, J. (ed.) Art and Text in Roman Culture. Cambridge: CUP. Favro, D Making Rome a World City. In Galinsky, K. (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus. Cambridge: CUP: Hamilakis, Y The Fragments of Modernity and the Archaeologies of the Future. Modernism/modernity 11.1: Hamilakis, Y. and Bayanyi, J Introduction: Time, Materiality and the Work of Memory. History and Memory 20.2:

13 Herzfeld, M Whatever Happened to Influence? The Anxieties of Memory. Archaeological Dialogues 10.2: Jaegar, M Reconstructing Rome: The Campus Martius and Horace, Ode, 1.8. Arethusa 28.2/3: 177ff. Jones, R. & Robinson, D Water, Wealth, and Social Status at Pompeii: The House of the Vestals in the First Century A. D. American Journal of Archaeology, 109: Jusdanis, G Farewell to the Classical: Excavations in Modernism. Modernism/modernity 11.1: Koloski-Ostrow, A. O., Dehann, N., Dekleijn, G., and Piras, S Water in the Roman Town: New Research from Cura Aquarum and the Frontinus Society. Journal of Roman Archaeology, 10: Levick, B Urbanization in the Eastern empire. In Roman World., J. Wacher (ed). London: Routledge. McNeal, Richard A. (1991), 'Archaeology and the Destruction of the Later Athenian Acropolis', Antiquity, 65 (246), Mitchell, S Imperial Building in the Eastern Roman Provinces. Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 91: Millar, F The Greek City in the Roman Period. In Hansen, M. H. (Ed.) The Ancient Greek City-State. Symposium on the Occasion of the 250th Anniversary of the 250th Anniversary of the Royal Academy of Sciences and Letters July 1-4, 1992, Copenhagen: The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters. Neils, J With Noblest Images on all Sides : The Ionic Frieze of the Parthenon. In Neils, J. (ed.) The Parthenon: From Antiquity to the Present. Cambridge: CUP: Nelson, R. S. and Olin, M. (eds.) Monuments and Memory: Made and Unmade. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Olivier, L. C Duration, Memory, and the Nature of the Archaeological Record. In Håkan Karlsson (ed.), It's About Time. The Concept of Time in Archaeology. Göteborg: Bricoleur Press: Osborne, R The Viewing and Obscuring of the Parthenon Frieze. Journal of Hellenic Studies 107: Parapetti, R Architectural and Urban Space in Roman Gerasa. Mesopotamia, 18-19: Patterson, J. R The City of Rome: From Republic to Empire. Journal or Roman Studies, 82: Ricoeur, P Memory, History, Forgetting. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Roth, M. S., Lyons, C., and Merewether, C. (eds.) Irresistible Decay: Ruins Reclaimed. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute for the History of Art and the Humanities. Scobie, A Hitler s State Architecture: The Impact of Classical Antiquity. London: Penn State Press. Segal, A From Function to Monument. Urban Landscapes of Roman Palestine, Syria, and Provincia Arabia. Oxford: Oxbow. Thomas, E The Architectural History of the Pantheon from Agrippa to Septimius Severus via Hadrian. Hephaistos 15: Van Dyke, R. M. and Alcock, S. E. (eds.) Archaeologies of Memory. Oxford: Blackwell. Williams, H The Past in the Past: The Reuse of Ancient Monuments. World Archaeology 30(1): Woolf, G The Roman Urbanization of the East. In Alcock, S. E. (Ed.) The Early Roman Empire in the East, Oxford: Oxbow. Yon, J.-B Evergetism and Urbanism at Palmyra. In Lavan, L. (Ed.) Recent Research in Late- 13

14 Antique Urbanism, Portsmouth: Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplementary Series Number 42. Reception Goff, B. (ed.) Classics and Colonialism. London: Duckworth. Green, P Classical Bearings: Interpreting Ancient History and Culture. London: Thames & Hudson. Hamilakis, Y Stories from Exile: Fragments from the Cultural Biography of the Parthenon (or 'Elgin') Marbles. World Archaeology 31(2): Hamilakis, Y. and Yalouri, E Antiquities as Symbolic Capital in Modern Greek Society. Antiquity 70: Hardwick, L. and Stray, C. (ed.) A Companion to Classical Receptions. Oxford: Blackwell. Hardwick, L. and Gillespie, C. (eds.) Classics in Post-Colonial Worlds. Oxford: OUP. Hardwick, L Reception Studies. Oxford: OUP. Martindale, C. and Thomas, R. F. (eds.) Classics and the Uses of Reception. Oxford: Wiley. Spawforth, A. J. S The Early Reception of the Imperial Cult in Athens: Problems and Ambiguities. In Hoff, M. and Rotroff, S. (eds) The Romanization of Athens: Proceedings of an International Conference Held at Lincoln, Nebraska (April 1996). Oxford: Oxbow Books: Rome Bruun, C A City of Temples and Squares, Emperors, Horses, and Houses. Journal of Roman Archaeology, 10: Edwards, C Writing Rome: Textual Approaches to the City. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Edwards, C. & Woolf, G Cosmopolis: Rome as World City. In Edwards, C. & Woolf, G. (Eds.) Rome the Cosmopolis, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Patterson, J. R The City of Rome: From Republic to Empire. Journal of Roman Studies, 82: Platner, S. and T. Ashby A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Purcell, N Rediscovering the Roman forum. Journal of Roman Archaeology 2,: Purcell, N Rome and its development under Augustus and his successors. Cambridge Ancient History Volume 10: Augustan Empire, 43 BC-AD 69, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Richardson, L A New Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Vout, C. (2003). Embracing Egypt. Rome the Cosmopolis. C. Edwards and G. Woolf (eds). Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: Zanker, P. (2000). The City as symbol: Rome and the creation of an urban image. Romanization and the city: creation, transformations, failures. E. Fentress (ed). Portsmouth, Journal of Roman Archaeology supplementary series number 38:

15 Schliemann Dickinson, O The Face of Agamemnon. Hesperia, 74.3: Morgan, J Myth, Expectations and the Divide between Disciplines in the Study of Classical Greece. In Sauer, E. W. (ed.) Archaeology and Ancient History: Breaking Down the Boundaries. London: Routledge: Saïd, S Myth and Historiography. In Marincola, J. (ed.) A Companion to Greek and Roman Historiography. Volume I. Oxford: Blackwell: Traill, D. A Schliemann of Troy: Treasure and Deceit. London, Penguin Books. Traill, D. A Schliemann s Discovery of Priam s Treasure : A Re-Examination of the Evidence. Journal of Hellenic Studies, 104: Topography Arafat, K. W Pausanias' Greece: Ancient Artists and Roman Rulers. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Alcock, S. E., Cherry, J. F. and Elsner, J. (eds.) Pausanias: Travel and Memory in Roman Greece. Oxford: OUP. Bayliss, R Usurping the Urban Image: The Experience of Ritual Topography in Late Antique Cities of the Near East. In Baker, P., Sophia Jundi and Robert Witcher (Ed.) TRAC 98: Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference, Oxford: Oxbow. Bingen, J. and Reverdin, O. (eds) Pausanias historien: huit exposbes suivis de discussions. (Entretiens sur l'antiquité classique, vol. 41.) Vandoeuvres-Genève: Fondation Hardt. Dodge, H The Architectural Impact of Rome in the East. In Henig, M. (Ed.) Architecture and Architectural Sculpture in the Roman Empire, Oxford: Oxford University Committee for Archaeology. Downey, S. B Colonnaded Streets in the Greek East. Journal of Roman Archaeology, 14: Gleason, M. W Greek Cities under Roman Rule. In Potter, D. (Ed.) A Companion to the Roman Empire, Oxford: Blackwell. Grew, F. & Hobley, B Roman Urban Topography in Britain and the Western Empire. London: Council for British Archaeology. Hurwitt, J. Appendix A: Pausanias s Description of the Acropolis. In Hurwitt, J. The Athenian Acropolis: History, Mythology and Archaeology from the Neolithic Era to the Present. Cambridge: CUP: Jones, R. F. J A False Start? The Roman Urbanization of Western Europe. World Archaeology, 19: Lavan, L Late Antique Urban Topography: From Architecture to Human Space. In Lavan, L. & Bowden, W. (Eds.) Theory and Practice in Late Antique Archaeology, Leiden: Brill. Lavan, L The Political Topography of the Late Antique City: Activity Spaces in Practice. In Lavan, L. & Bowden, W. (Eds.) Theory and Practice in Late Antique Archaeology, Leiden: Brill. Millar, F The Roman Coloniae of the Near East: A Study of Cultural Relations. In Solin, H. & Kajava, M. (Eds.) Roman Eastern Policy and Other Studies in Roman History, Helsinki: Societas Sceintiarum Fennica. Nevett, L Greek Households under Roman Hegemony: The Archaeological Evidence. In Leslie, A. (Ed.) Theoretical Roman Archaeology and Architecture. The Third Conference Proceedings, Glasgow: Cruithne Press. Nevett, L Continuity and Change in Greek Households under Roman Rule: The Role of Women in the Domestic Context. In Ostenfeld, E. N. (Ed.) Greek Romans and 15

16 Roman Greeks: Studies in Cultural Interaction, Aarhus: Aarhus University Press. Owen, S. and Preston, L. (eds.) Inside the City in the Greek World: Studies of Urbanism from the Bronze Age to the Hellenistic Period. University of Cambridge Museum of Classical Archaeology Monograph 1. Oxford: Oxbow. von Reden, S The Well-Ordered Polis: Topographies of Civic Space. In Cartledge, P., Millett, P. and von Reden. S. (eds.) Kosmos: Essays in Order, Conflict and Community in Classical Athens. Cambridge: CUP: Wallace-Hadrill, A Public Honour and Private Shame: The Urban Texture of Pompeii. In Cornell, T. J. & Lomas, K. (Eds.) Urban Society in Roman Italy, London: University College London Press. Woolf, G Urbanization and Its Discontents in Early Roman Gaul. In Fentress, E. (Ed.) Romanization and the City. Creation, Transformations, and Failures, Portsmouth: Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplemental Series. 16