Global Culture and Sport Series

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1 Global Culture and Sport Series Series Editors Stephen Wagg Carnegie School Of Sport Leeds Beckett University Leeds, UK David Andrews School of Public Health University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA

2 Series Editors: Stephen Wagg, Leeds Beckett University, UK, and David Andrews, University of Maryland, USA. The Global Culture and Sport series aims to contribute to and advance the debate about sport and globalization through engaging with various aspects of sport culture as a vehicle for critically excavating the tensions between the global and the local, transformation and tradition and sameness and difference. With studies ranging from snowboarding bodies, the globalization of rugby and the Olympics, to sport and migration, issues of racism and gender, and sport in the Arab world, this series showcases the range of exciting, pioneering research being developed in the field of sport sociology. More information about this series at

3 Philipp Strobl Aneta Podkalicka Editors Leisure Cultures and the Making of Modern Ski Resorts

4 Editors Philipp Strobl Institute of Contemporary History University of Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria Aneta Podkalicka School of Media, Film and Journalism Monash University Melbourne, VIC, Australia Global Culture and Sport Series ISBN ISBN (ebook) Library of Congress Control Number: The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover credit: mooziic / Alamy Stock Photo This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

5 Acknowledgements Special thanks to Nicolette Snowden for her help with preparing the collection. Her passion for the topic and attention to detail in copyediting were amazing. We would also like to thank Brett Hutchins for suggesting the Global Culture and Sports series, and series editors Stephen Wagg and David Andrews for accepting the project. Monash University s School of Media, Film and Journalism, as well as Swinburne University s Centre for Urban Transitions offered support for the book s production, for which we are very grateful. The book would not have been possible without the participation of individual contributors so many thanks for their collaboration. We also acknowledge the assistance from Sharla Plant and Poppy Hull at Palgrave in publishing the book. Philipp would like to express his utmost gratitude to Leon Smith (Sydney) and Warren Peck (Melbourne) for their invaluable and friendly advice on the history of post-war skiing in Australia. He would also like to thank the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) and the Austrian Zukunftsfonds, which generously supported his research. Aneta would like to thank Anna, Zygmunt, Daniel, and Kinga for the skiing experiences that were as much about athletic prowess and occasional competition as they were about mateship and family. Many thanks to closest Melbourne friends: Deb, Meg, Leah, and Glenda for ongoing support; and Maria and Christian for sharing their eloquence on writing and sport! v

6 Contents 1 Skiing Transnational: Cultures, Practices, and Ideas on the Move 1 Aneta Podkalicka and Philipp Strobl 2 Going Downhill? The Industrialisation of Skiing from the 1930s to the 1970s 25 Andrew Denning 3 Slippery Slopes: Skiing, Fashion, and Intrigue in 1960s Film 43 Marilyn Cohen and Nancy Deihl 4 Mount Uludağ: The Making of Turkey s St. Moritz 71 Onur Inal 5 Skiing Through Time: Articulating a Landscape Heritage of Swedish Cross- Country Skiing 93 Daniel Svensson 6 Arlberg: The Creation of a Resort and the Transfer of Knowledge 117 Christof Thöny vii

7 viii Contents 7 American Bucks and Austrian Buccaneers: Sun Valley The Making of America s First Winter Resort 143 Günter Bischof 8 We Want to Be More Like the West : Skiing for All in the 1950s 1970s Poland 161 Stanisław Jędrzejewski 9 From Niche Sport to Mass Tourism: Transnational Lives in Australia s Thredbo Resort 185 Philipp Strobl Bibliography 215 Index 235

8 Notes on Contributors Günter Bischof a native of Austria, has taught at the University of New Orleans since He studied at the University of Innsbruck, Vienna, and holds a PhD in American History from Harvard University. He is the Marshall Plan Professor of History and the Director of Center Austria: The Marshall Plan Center for European Studies at the University of New Orleans; he was appointed a University Research Professor in June He served as a visiting professor at the Universities of Munich, Innsbruck, Salzburg, Vienna, the Economics Universities of Vienna and Prague, Hebrew University in Jerusalem and the RGGU in Moscow, as well the Post-Katrina Visiting Professor at LSU in the fall of He is the author of Austria in the First Cold War, 1945/55: The Leverage of the Weak (1999), and Relationships/Beziehungsgeschichten: Austria and the United States in the Twentieth Century (2014), and with Hans Petschar, The Marshal Plan Since 1947: Saving Europe, Rebuilding Austria (2017), as well as co-editor of the yearbook Contemporary Austrian Studies (26 volumes), and editor of the book series TRANSATLANTICA (11 volumes), as well as the co-editor of another 20 books on topics of international contemporary history (including the Second World War and the Cold War in Central Europe). Bischof serves as a Presidential Counselor at the National World War II Museum in New Orleans and on the board of the Botstiber Institute for Austrian-American Studies. Marilyn Cohen has a PhD and MA in Art History from the Institute of Fine Arts, New York University, as well as an MA in Decorative Arts, Design and Material Culture from the Bard Graduate Center in New York City. Cohen ix

9 x Notes on Contributors teaches in the Cooper Hewitt/Parsons School of Design MA program and in the Parsons School of Design MA program in Fashion Studies. She lectures and publishes in the field of popular and material culture with essays in such publications as Film, Fashion, and the 1960s (2017), The Routledge Companion to Design Studies (2016), Performance, Fashion and the Modern Interior from the Victorians to Today (2011). Cohen has given papers on Wall Street, I Love Lucy, MASH, The Best Years of Our Lives, Toy Story, Breakfast at Tiffany s, trench coats, and movie posters. Nancy Deihl (BA, Rutgers University; MA, New York University) is director of the graduate program in Costume Studies at New York University. Deihl is coauthor of The History of Modern Fashion (2015: Laurence King) and editor of The Hidden History of American Fashion: Rediscovering 20th-century Women Designers (2018: Bloomsbury). Deihl writes and lectures on fashion history topics, specialising in American fashion. Recent articles have appeared in Vestoj and The Conversation, and her chapter on the modernity of fashion in the 1920s was included in Charles Sheeler: Fashion, Photography, and Sculptural Form (Jensen, K., ed., Doylestown, PA: James A. Michener Art Museum, 2017). Andrew Denning is Assistant Professor of Modern European History at the University of Kansas. He has published widely on the history of Alpine skiing, with articles appearing in The Atlantic, Central European History, and Environmental History. His book Skiing into Modernity: A Cultural and Environmental History (2015) received the Ullr Award for Outstanding Contribution to the History of Skiing from the International Skiing History Association. He is currently preparing a book manuscript on the role of road infrastructure and motorisation projects in imperial Africa. Onur Inal is the managing director of the TürkeiEuropaZentrum of the University of Hamburg (Germany). He received his PhD degree from the History Department of the University of Arizona (USA). His research focuses on the late Ottoman Empire and early Turkish Republic. Inal has published articles on urban history, environmental history, and history of consumption and is currently working on a co-edited volume on the environmental history of the Ottoman Empire. Stanisław Jędrzejewski (PhD) is Professor in the Social Science Department at Kozminski University in Warsaw. He is the author of numerous articles and reports on radio and new media. Jędrzejewski has been a member of the board of the public broadcaster Polish Radio ( ) a controller of Public Radio 1 ( ), member of the National Broadcasting Council (2005), and chairman of

10 Notes on Contributors xi supervisory board of public radio in Poland ( ), member and vice chairman of the Radio Committee of European Broadcasting Union ( ). He worked at the Communication and Society Research Centre at University of Minho, Braga, Portugal, Aneta Podkalicka is a cultural and media researcher and lecturer in the School of Media, Film and Journalism, Monash University, Melbourne. She has researched in the areas of social inclusion, consumption, economic and environmental sustainability and also sport. Podkalicka is an editor of a themed issue of Media International Australia titled Media Sport: Practice Culture and Innovation (with Brett Hutchins and James Meese). Her publications have appeared in major cultural and media studies academic journals. She is the co-author of Using media for social innovation with Ellie Rennie, and Grand Designs: Consumer markets and home-making with Esther Milne and Jenny Kennedy. Philipp Strobl is a researcher and lecturer at the Institute of Contemporary History at the University of Innsbruck (Austria) and an adjunct research fellow at the Centre for Urban Transitions at Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne (Australia). He published widely on different aspects of economic and social history. Strobl s research focuses on the history of economic and social exchange, globalisation, transnationalism, consumerism, urban economic development, and the history of migration. Daniel Svensson has a PhD in History and is currently a researcher and lecturer at Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden. His research is mainly within the fields of sport history and environmental history. Svensson s dissertation (awarded with the ISHA Ullr Award 2017) focused on the scientisation of training methods in cross-country skiing, and meetings between scientific and experiential knowledge in sport during the twentieth century. Svensson has also published books and articles about sportification processes, the history of Swedish women s football, and shifting ideas about landscape, sports heritage and mobility during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Christof Thöny was born in 1981 in Bludenz and studied catholic theology and history at the University of Innsbruck. He teaches catholic religion and history at the Bundesgynmasium Bludenz and works as a project manager and publisher. He held the position of a regional manager for the Regionalplanungsgemeinschaft Klostertal for five years. In this position he was engaged in several EC funded projects as a responsible manager. For more than ten years, he has curated historical exhibitions and organized cultural projects. He is author and editor of more than 30 publications and articles, mainly focused on regional history.

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