T. S. Dye & Colleagues, Archaeologists, Inc.

Transcription

1 T. S. Dye & Colleagues, Archaeologists, Inc. 735 Bishop St., Suite 315, Honolulu, Hawai i Historic Properties Assessment for the Proposed Verizon Wireless (VZW) HON Little Schofield Cell Site (# ), Located at the United States Army Garrison Hawai i, 350 Eastman Road, Building #2083, Schofield Barracks, Oahu, Hawaii 96857, TMK:(1) :001 por. Thomas S. Dye, Ph.D. Kristin M. Macak December 10, 2007 Applicant: Bureau Veritas North America, Inc. Applicant s Consultant: T. S. Dye & Colleagues, Archaeologists, Inc. Location: United States Army Garrison, 350 Eastman Road, Building #2083, Schofield Barracks, Oahu, Hawai i. Tax map key: (1) :001 por. Request: Proposed Verizon HON Little Schofield Cell Site (# ). Direct Effect: No historic properties in area of potential effect (APE) for direct effects. Visual Effect: No historic properties in APE for visual effects. 1 Introduction At the request of Bureau Veritas North America, T. S. Dye & Colleagues, Archaeologists, Inc. conducted an historic properties assessment of a parcel for the proposed Verizon Wireless Little Schofield collocation site. The primary focus of the project was assessing the visual effect on historic properties within the APE in accordance with the FCC Stip V regulations. The goals of the investigation were to determine whether the collocation of panel antennas mounted on a pre-existing barracks building, and a new associated equipment shelter will have direct or visual effects on historic properties. Bureau Veritas North America, Inc., 970 North Kalāheo Avenue, Suite C-316, Kailua, HI

2 2 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Area Verizon proposes to collocate 12 new, 6 ft. high panel antennas at the level on the exterior walls of the seventh floor stairwell/elevator penthouse at the west end of the rooftop of Building #2083 (fig. 1). Building #2083, a newly constructed barracks building, is located within the Schofield Barracks military installation in the south central portion Description Overview of Schofield Barracks Building #2083, looking southwest Photo 1 of Project the 10, ac. parcel owned by the United States of America and identified as Number VZW HON Little Schofield Cell Site, located at the United States Army Garrison TMK:(1) :001 Site Name (fig. 2). Photo Date Hawaii, Building #2083, TMK: (1) : Parcel 001, Schofield Barracks, Hawaii Client Verizon Wireless / Cades Shutte, LLP 9/20/2007 View of stairwell/elevator penthouse of Building 2083 (proposed antenna Description Project locations), looking north Figure 1. Number VZW HON Little Schofield Cell, located at the United States Army Garrison Site Name courtesy of Bureau Veritas Hawaii, North Building America, #2083 TMK: (1) Inc : Parcel 001, Schofield Barracks, Hawaii Photo 2 View of stairwell/elevator penthouse of Building #2083, looking north. Photo Photo Date Client Verizon Wireless / Cades Shutte, LLP 9/20/2007 The maximum finished height of the antenna will be at 82 5 above ground. The associated telecommunications equipment will be installed in the fifth floor utility room of Building #2083 and a diesel emergency generator will be installed in the ground floor utility room (fig. 3). The proposed Verizon collocation site on Building #2083 lies ca. 700 ft. southwest of the Schofield Barracks Historic District (State Site No ) Foote Road boundary. No ground disturbance is expected for the installation of the equipment cabinets or antennas. According to the FCC Nationwide Programmatic Agreement, the APE for direct effects on historic properties includes the area of potential ground disturbance during the installation of the tower, equipment shelter and utilities. Collocation of antennas on existing buildings outside of historic district boundaries is regulated by the FCC Nationwide Programmatic Agreement for Collocation of Wireless Antennas. The purpose of the Stip V Compliance Report is required by the FCC Nationwide Programmatic Agreement to determine if the proposed action at the subject property requires a review of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of Section 106 review is indicated if one or more of the following conditions is met: 1) The building or structure is over 45 years old; or

3 1.2 Background Research 3 SITE Haleiwa Kahuku Island of Oahu Waianae! Ewa Beach Pearl Harbor Miles Kaneohe Honolulu Miles N 1:24, ,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 1,000 Feet Kilometers Portion of 7.5-minute Series (Topographic) Maps USGS, Schofield Barracks Quadrangle 1998, Honolulu County, Hawaii Project No.: Title: Date: Location: 10/09/2007 Revised By: KG Checked By: Client: TS Site Location Map VZW HON Little Schofield Cell Site (# ) Building #2083 Schofield Barracks, Hawaii TMK: (1) : Parcel 001 Verizon Wireless / Cades Shutte, LLP FIGURE 1 Figure 2. Proposed Verizon Little Schofield cellular site in a portion of the USGS 1998 Schofield Barracks Quadrangle, courtesy of Bureau Veritas North America, Inc. 2) The building or structure is inside the boundary of a historic district, if the antenna is visible from the ground level of the historic district, or if the building or structure is within 250 ft. of the boundary of the historic district; or 3) The building or non-tower structure is a designated National Historic Landmark, or listed in or eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places based upon the review of the licensee, tower company, or applicant for an antenna license; or 4) The collocation licensee or the owner of the tower has received written or electronic notification that the FCC is in receipt of the complaint from a member of the public, a State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO), or the Council that the collocation has an adverse effect on one or more historic properties. 1.2 Background Research This historic properties assessment includes the review of historic documents, maps and archaeological reports on file at the State Historic Preservation Division library, the Hawaii State Library and the State Bureau of Conveyances.

4 4 1 INTRODUCTION Building #2082 Basketball court Building #2095 Building #2083 Proposed Cell Site N Feet Project No.: Date: Revised By: Checked By: 08/31/2007 KG TS Title: Location: Client: Site Map VZW HON Little Schofield Cell Site (# ) Building #2083 Schofield Barracks, Hawaii TMK: (1) : Parcel 001 Verizon Wireless / Cades Shutte, LLP FIGURE 2 Figure 3. Proposed Verizon Little Schofield cellular siteplan, courtesy of Bureau Veritas North America, Inc Natural Setting The Verizon Little Schofield project site is located within the Schofield Barracks military installation at an elevation of approximately 860 ft. on the central western portion of the island of Oahu. Wahiawā Reservoir lies approximately 0.5 mi. to the northeast, and the topography slopes down gently to the south for approximately 0.5 mi. toward the Waikele Stream. Soils in the vicinity belong to the Wahiawa Series, described by Foote et al. [1] as silty clay with 0 3 percent slope. These soils are typically used for sugarcane, pineapple, pasture, and homesites. The Schofield Barracks averages 40 in. of rainfall annually [2]. Schofield Barracks is bordered to the northeast by Wahiawā town, to the southwest by Mililani town, to the west by the Wai anae mountain range, and to the north by agricultural land. Building #2083 is surrounded by a basketball court and community building (Building #2082) to the north; Building #2095 (1 27 Infantry Battalion Headquarters) and Building #2089 (1-14 Infantry Battalion Headquarters) to the east; Building #2027 (Command Maintenance Evaluation Team) and Building #2026 (U.S. Army Corp of Engineers) to the south; and Building #2084 (Community Building) and Building #2087 (1st Battalion 21st Infantry and 25th Infantry Divisions) to the west Traditional and Historic Land Use The proposed Verizon project site is located in Wai anae Uka ahupua a, in the land- locked upland saddle, Schofield Plateau, which forms the center of Oahu. The physical ahupua a

5 1.2 Background Research 5 environment, historic properties, and history of the area have been well documented in several studies [4; 7; 8]. Tomonari-Tuggle [7] noted that an upland area in the plateau, called Līhu e, was once the favored abode of the pre-contact chief Lo-Lale and his wife Kelea. There have been numerous pre-contact settlements documented in what is now recognized as Schofield Barracks, the proposed project area. Handy and Handy [3] described Schofield Plateau in a discussion of Wahiawā: [i]nland from Kawailoa and south of these stream systems is Wahiawa on the broad slope descending from the Ko olau range... It is very far from the sea in any direction. There was quite a sizeable population there if we can judge from the various areas of lo i northwest of the present town of Wahiawa. There must have been extensive sweet-potato and yam plantations here. It is one of the few places where sweet potatoes are known to have been irrigated. Water was brought to the terraces. There were extensive terraces that drew water from Wahiawa Stream, both above and below the present town. There are many small terrace areas along the sides of the valleys of all the streams of this general area. These streams tap the southwest slopes of the Ko olau range where it begins to lose altitude but is still very wet in the hinterland. The peculiarity of this area, apart from distance from the sea, is that it is the only extensive level area on this island that is quite high. Above and west of the site of the present town was Kukui-o-Lono, a place famous in legend. In its vicinity are a number of lo i developments. Kukaniloko was the name of an ancient high chief of Oahu who is said to have made the first lo i here... [3:465] During the māhele of the 1840s, Wai anae Uka was designated as Crown Land and the property was subsequently made available for foreign lease and eventual ownership [4]. John Meek, a prominent early nineteenth century Honolulu shipmaster, harbormaster and pilot, acquired half of a division of Wai anae Uka ahupua a known as Kalena ili, and in 1851 Rev. Bishop deeded Meek the remaining half [7]. After 1875, when John Meek s heirs acquired the first lease of the entire Wai anae Uka ahupua a, a portion was utilized as pasture for ranching. The Wai anae Uka lands were obtained by King Kalākaua and C.H. Judd in Kalākaua and Judd proceeded to found Leilehua Ranch as a retreat for hunting and relaxation. By 1889 the Wai anae Uka land of Leilehua Ranch was sold to businessman James Dowsett and continued to be ranched under the Dowsett Co. or its affiliates until the U.S. government took over formal ownership of the ahupua a land. In 1899, Wai anae Uka was formally set aside by the U.S. government as a military reservation. Tomonari-Tuggle [7] notes that the land was moderately used until January 1909 when 248 temporary and permanent buildings were constructed on the western central plains, occupied by army personnel and their families. Four hundred and seventy three men of the 5th Cavalry Regiment came to serve as the first Army Contingent to occupy Schofield Barracks, named in honor of Lt. General John M. Schofield. In 1906, the Oahu Rail and Land Company extended the rail to Wahiawā from Waipahu, reaching the Schofield Barracks by 1909 [7]. māhele

6 6 2 RESULTS At the beginning of World War II, Schofield Barracks offered the only major training area in the Hawaiian Islands, and was subsequently targeted during the Japanese attack on O ahu on December 7, Schofield Barracks was commonly referred to as Castner village in the early years, named for Joseph C. Castner, the construction quartermaster who oversaw the development of the Schofield Barracks on the Wai anae Uka ahupua a. In 1957, the Wai anae Uka ahupua a was leased to Schofield Housing Corporation and was subdivided into several parcels through 1968.The lower elevations support residential and operational facilities, while three training ranges and forest reserve lands comprise the remaining upland areas of Wai anae Uka. Building #2038 was erected in 2002, replacing wood-frame warehouses and a paved lot. The Schofield Barracks Historic District is listed on both the State and National Historic Registers. As defined by the National Register Criteria, Schofield Barracks Historic District is significant under criteria A and C. Significant for A the property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; and Significant for C the property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction. At the time of nomination to the National Register of Historic Places, the Schofield Barracks was the largest planned military community, recognized as an area of significance for military and community planning and development. National Register forms indicate the district as significant for components A and C for military, community planning and development, and landscape architecture. The Schofield Barracks has served as an integral military training installation for the United States and the Pacific region through two world wars and multiple international conflicts prior to Hawai i s statehood in 1959, and in the years that have followed. Provisioned with health care, educational, recreational, and residential components for the military and their dependents, National Register forms indicate 307 contributing and non-contributing significance resources within the Schofield Barracks Historic District property boundaries. The nomination forms list 286 contributing and 21 non-contributing resources simply defined as buildings, sites, structures, and objects. National Register forms indicate the Schofield Barracks Historic District contributing and non-contributing properties architecture have been collectively influenced by the Art Deco, Mission/Spanish Colonial, Italian Renaissance, and Bungalow/Craftsman movements. The proposed Verizon project site lies ca. 700 ft. southwest of the Foote Road boundary of the Schofield Barracks Historic District. 2 Results T. S. Dye & Colleagues, Archaeologists, Inc. did not conduct a field inspection of the project site. However, past land use indicates that the area has been extensively modified through cattle ranching, and consistent military training, housing, and community use. A field inspection was conducted by Bureau Veritas North America, Inc. and the

7 7 information and photographs of the project site were also reviewed. The results of the inspection show that the project site is located within the Schofield Barracks grounds, ca. 700 ft. southwest of the National Historic Register s Schofield Barracks Historic District ( ). No surface historic properties are located within the project site and no historic properties were identified during construction of the existing Building #2083 or during development of the existing facilities in the vicinity. Antennas to be mounted to the exterior walls of the seventh floor at the west end of the rooftop of Building #2083 will not be visible from the National Register s Schofield Barracks Historic District due to distance and adjacent buildings obstructing the proposed collocation from view. 3 Discussion and Conclusions A review of the archaeological literature, historic maps, and information provided by Bureau Veritas North America, Inc. shows that the project site has undergone extensive modification over its long land use history. The area has also been modified by the construction of the existing military barracks and housing facilities in the immediate vicinity. The most recent construction to occur on the project site was in 2002 to erect Building #2083, the proposed Verizon collocation site. Construction of the facility will have no direct effect on historic properties since no ground disturbance will be required. Building #2083 is not visible from the ground level of the Schofield Barracks Historic District boundary. The proposed Verizon collocation site is less than 45 years old, not listed on a State or National Historic Register, and lies more than 250 ft. from the Schofield Barracks Historic District boundary, and therefore does not meet any of the FCC Stip V limitations. Thus, the proposed Verizon Little Schofield collocation will have no visual effect on historic properties. Glossary Entries for Hawaiian words are excerpted or paraphrased, where possible, from the Hawaiian Dictionary [6], or from Lucas [5]. ahupua a Traditional Hawaiian land division usually extending from the uplands to the sea. māhele Land division of Bibliography [1] Foote, D. E., E. L. Hill, S. Nakamura, and F. Stephens (1972). Soil Survey of the Islands of Kauai, Oahu, Maui, Molokai, and Lanai, State of Hawaii. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service in cooperation with the University of Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station. [2] Giambelluca, T. W. and T. A. Schroeder (1998). Climate. In S. P. Juvik and J. O. Juvik (Eds.), Atlas of Hawai i (Third ed.)., pp Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

8 8 BIBLIOGRAPHY [3] Handy, E. S. C. and E. G. Handy (1972). Native Planters in Old Hawaii: Their Life, Lore, and Environment. Number 233 in B. P. Bishop Museum Bulletin. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press. With the collaboration of Mary Kawena Pukui. [4] Landrum, J., G. Hurst, and T. Patolo (1994). Revised Research Design, Historic Preservation Measures for Inclusion in an Environmental Assessment of Proposed Family Housing Revitalization Projects at Sites A, U, V and Duckfield, Schofield Barracks Military Reservation, Oahu Island, Hawaii. Prepared for U.S. Army Engineer District. Honolulu: Ogden Environmental Services, Inc. [5] Lucas, P. F. N. (1995). A Dictionary of Hawaiian Legal Land-Terms. Honolulu: Native Hawaiian Legal Corporation and University of Hawai i Committeee for the Preservation and Study of Hawaiian Language, Art and Culture. [6] Pukui, M. K. and S. H. Elbert (1971). Hawaiian Dictionary (Third ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. [7] Tomonari-Tuggle, M. J. (1994, January). Archaeology and History on the Central O ahu Plateau: A Cultural Resources Assessment of Wheeler Army Airfield. Prepared for Belt Collins and Associates. Honolulu: International Archaeological Research Institute, Inc. [8] Tuggle, H. D. and M. J. Tomonari-Tuggle (1997, December). Synthesis of Cultural Resource Studies of the Ewa Plain, Task 1a: Archaeological Research Services for the Proposed Cleanup, Disposal and Reuse of Naval Air Station Barbers Point, O ahu, Hawai i. Prepared for Belt Collins Hawaii. Honolulu: International Archaeological Research Institute, Inc.