ARCHITECTURAL RESOURCES IN THE GLEN ELLYN NORTH-CENTRAL SURVEY AREA. A Summary and Inventory

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1 ARCHITECTURAL RESOURCES IN THE GLEN ELLYN NORTH-CENTRAL SURVEY AREA A Summary and Inventory

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3 ARCHITECTURAL RESOURCES IN THE GLEN ELLYN NORTH-CENTRAL SURVEY AREA A Summary and Inventory Village of Glen Ellyn 535 Duane Street Glen Ellyn, IL Vicky Hase, Village President Steve Jones, Village Manager Curt Barrett, Deputy Village Manager Trustees Timothy A. Armstrong Mary Jane Chapman James Comerford Pete Ladesic Peter Norton Michelle Thorsell Glen Ellyn Historic Preservation Commission Leland Marks, Chairman Elizabeth Buckton (Youth) Erik G. Ford Nicole M. Janninck Timothy F. Loftus James P. Manak Gerald A. Perkins Ruth A. Wright Trustee Liaison: Pete Ladesic Prepared for the Village of Glen Ellyn by Granacki Historic Consultants 1105 W. Chicago Avenue Chicago, IL

4 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction... 3 Glen Ellyn Reconnaissance Survey Area... 3 Objectives of the Survey... 4 History of the North-Central Survey Area... 5 Early Settlement... 5 The Coming of the Railroad... 5 Glen Ellyn, Resort Town... 6 Early 20th-Century Development... 7 Architecture in the North-Central Survey Area... 9 Domestic Architecture in the North-Central Survey Area... 9 Mid to Late-19th-Century Development Early 20 th -Century High Styles and Popular Types Historic Revival Styles Peak in the 1920s Mid-20th-Century Development Multi-Family Housing Types Non-Residential Architecture in the Survey Area Commercial Architecture Other Non-Residential Buildings Recommendations Designate Buildings as Individual Landmarks Potential Areas for Future Survey Bibliography Credits Appendix 1: Evaluation Criteria Appendix 2: Survey Form Appendix 3: Illustrated list of Significant and Potentially Significant Buildings Appendix 4: Inventory of Structures in the Survey Areas Granacki Historic Consultants 2009

5 3 INTRODUCTION Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL The North-Central survey area of Glen Ellyn is located just north of Union Pacific/West railroad tracks and encompasses the commercial core of the village s downtown and some of its oldest and most architecturally distinctive residences. In 2008 and 2009, Granacki Historic Consultants (GHC) conducted a Reconnaissance survey of 835 properties in an area roughly bounded by Geneva and St. Charles on the north, Lenox Road on the east, Western and Prairie Avenues on the west, and the railroad tracks on the south. This project was the second reconnaissance survey by GHC within the Village. The first, completed in 2007, included survey areas to the east, southeast, and west of the North-Central survey area, called the Glen Ellyn, Glen Ellyn East, and Glen Ellyn West survey areas. The current GHC survey also updates and expands upon fieldwork conducted by the School of the Art Institute of Chicago (SAIC) in 2002, which included most of the current survey area within its boundaries. With the completion of this survey, most of the Village s historic areas north of the railroad will have been surveyed. The reconnaissance fieldwork consisted of viewing every primary structure in the survey area and assigning an architectural style, date of construction, and significance rating. After the reconnaissance fieldwork was completed, permit research was conducted for each property that had been rated significant or potentially significant. Each S or PS rated property was then fully documented and photographed. The final results identified a total of 182 significant or potentially significant properties that could be candidates for local landmarks. GLEN ELLYN RECONN AISSANCE SURVEY AREA The majority of the North-Central survey area is residential in character with some commercial areas at its southern end. The general street pattern in the western part of the survey area is a general grid system on a north-south/east-west axis, with most houses lined along the north/ south streets. Concrete sidewalks line most of these streets and are separated from the roadway by landscaped parkways. Detached garages are generally located to the rear of the house and are accessed by long side driveways, while houses with attached garages feature front drives. The streets along the southern edge of the survey area, including Pennsylvania Avenue, Crescent Boulevard, Prospect Avenue, and parts of Main Street and Forest Avenue contain the majority of the commercial structures in the survey area. The survey area contains a total of 835 properties, with 826 principal structures. At the time that field work was conducted, there were eight vacant lots and one park in the survey area. These properties were rated non-contributing. Of the 826 surveyed structures, 91 or 11% were rated significant (that is, possessing architectural distinction) and 91 or 11% were ranked potentially significant (distinctive, but with minor alterations). Almost 31% (256) of the structures were rated non-contributing to the character of a historic district. Although some of these noncontributing properties were historic houses that had been extensively altered, the majority (228 of the 256) were constructed in or after 1960 and considered non-historic. Evaluation criteria and an explanation of the rating system can be found in an appendix Granacki Historic Consultants

6 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL 4 Every principal structure visible from the public right-of-way on each street within this area has been viewed and evaluated by the field surveyor. A computerized address list from the Village of Glen Ellyn provided the basis for a Microsoft Access database. For buildings that did not have permit information, the field surveyor assigned an approximate date of construction. The information for each property rated significant or potentially significant is printed on an individual data form, with photographs included. The computerized database and individual data form for each intensively surveyed property include the following information: use, condition, integrity, architectural style, construction date, architect or builder when known, prominent owners, architectural features, alterations, and a significance rating. The original data forms are housed in the offices of the Village of Glen Ellyn. This report is a summary of that information. OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY Historic preservation benefits the community as a whole, as well as the individuals who own and use historic properties. The following are the principal objectives of this survey: To document architecturally and historically significant structures in Glen Ellyn The purpose of an architectural resources survey is to identify, document, and evaluate historic structures for their architectural significance. This information can assist in making decisions that impact the long-term preservation of the village s architectural and historic resources. To heighten public awareness of the architectural resources in Glen Ellyn Residents can appreciate how their community has contributed to the overall development of the Village of Glen Ellyn and the Chicago metropolitan area when they are aware of local architecture and history. This can include knowledge of the architecturally and historically significant buildings around them the architectural styles, prominent architects work, dates of construction, prominent local historical figures residing in the area, and the general patterns of community growth. Documentation of the community s architectural and historic heritage can be used in a variety of ways. The material gathered in this survey can be a valuable resource when creating educational programming; books; articles; additional walking, bus, and bike tours; and exhibitions. To assist individual property owners in maintaining and improving their properties and to provide economic incentives for preservation Many owners of historic properties may not realize the historic features that make their buildings special. In some cases this has led to modernizations that remove or cover up characterdefining features. This survey will assist property owners in identifying and preserving their building s critical features. With landmark designation, owners of landmark properties who rehabilitate their buildings may be eligible for tax incentives. Granacki Historic Consultants 2009

7 5 HISTORY OF THE NORTH-CENTRAL SURVEY AREA EARLY SETTLEMENT Winslow and Mercy Churchill Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL Glen Ellyn s first settlers were attracted to the area in the 1830s by its tall grass prairie, woodlands, and marshy glens. One of the first houses in DuPage County was built by Deacon Winslow Churchill a cabin on a hill just east of the bridge over the DuPage River on the north side of St. Charles Road. Churchill s son-in-law John D. Ackerman, who had traveled with the Churchill family from New York, also settled along St. Charles Road. One of his houses, located at 633 St. Charles and constructed in 1849, is still standing, and is included in the North-Central survey area. Other settlers soon clustered around the Churchill family s claim, and the trips they made back to Chicago created a frontier highway along Lake Street and then west to St. Charles and Geneva Roads. A stagecoach route to and from Chicago was established along the roads soon after they were surveyed in the early 1840s. The first log schoolhouse for the inhabitants of the Five Corners area was built in 1836, near what is now Riford Road. In 1835, on year after the Churchill family s arrival to the area, Moses Stacy, a native of Massachusetts, arrived with his wife Joann Kimball. Stacy purchased land south of what is now Elm Street and built a log cabin. In 1846 Moses Stacy purchased 14 acres just north of his original claim (on the south side of Geneva Road) and built a tavern to accommodate the increasing number of travelers. Stacy s tavern, which Moses enlarged shortly after it was completed, also served as the residence for the Stacy family. The log cabin, which sat on what is now Main Street, was moved west of the tavern to provide additional lodging space. Philo Stacy, Moses son, recalled that his father charged lodgers fifty cents for supper, lodging and breakfast, and two horses to hay he well remembered taking in as much as fifty dollars a morning after the hospitable farmhouse had been crowded for dinner and shelter overnight. (Glen Ellyn, A. Village Remembered, p. 13) Soon after the establishment of the tavern, Five Corners (which had also been referred to as Fish s Corners) became known as Stacy s Corners. THE COMING OF THE RAILROAD Stacy s Tavern Although the citizens of Stacy s Corner lobbied hard for the railroad to come through their settlement, the Galena and Chicago railroad (later known as the Chicago and Northwester) laid its track about a mile south. The charter for the railroad was granted in 1836 but construction did not begin until Dr. Lewey Quitterfield Newton sold the right-of-way through his land for 2009 Granacki Historic Consultants

8 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL Map of Prospect Park the railroad. Upon learning that the nearest station was to be in Wheaton, Newton used his own funds to build the fledgling community its own station. The first train along the Galena and Chicago route stopped at Newton s Station in The center of business activity for the community shifted down Main Street to the present location of the Central Business District. In 1851, the station was renamed Danby, after the birthplace of the new station master David Kelley. Seeing the commercial potential of the area around the station, Kelley built the Mansion House Hotel across the street from the station along Crescent Boulevard. In 1855, the town of Danby was platted and recorded by Lewey Newton. The original plat included 13 blocks north and south of the railroad, including those between the railroad and Pennsylvania Avenue, as well as one block between Main Street and Lisle Street (now Forest Avenue) between Pennsylvania and Anthony Street. With Stacy s Corners to the north, the area now had two separate communities that would continue to slowly grow together through the later decades of the 19th century. Throughout the 1850s, small businesses opened in Danby, including a general store, a shoemaker, a blacksmith, and several saloons. In 1856, the population was estimated at somewhere between 300 to 400 people. Residential and commercial development continued through the 1860s at a slow pace, as the quiet community watched the growth of nearby Wheaton rise after it became the DuPage County seat in In 1874 the residents of Danby changed the name of the railroad station to Prospect Park, and farmers slowly began to subdivide their acreage. The map of Prospect Park included in the 1874 Atlas and History of DuPage County shows a handful of new subdivisions south of the railroad, but none in the North-Central area. Houses on large lots can be seen along Main Street north of the business district, as well as a number of businesses along Pennsylvania. Stacy s Corners is shown separately from Prospect Park. GLEN ELLYN, RESORT TOWN 1874 Map of Stacy s Corners The 1880s saw several major changes to what is now Glen Ellyn. On July 1, 1882, the village of Prospect Park was incorporated, with Joseph McChesney named as the first village president. The Village Board set about to implement several improvements, including the laying of gravel along some of the major streets. In 1885, Thomas E. Hill, a professor and former two-term mayor of Aurora, settled in the village and set about transforming the small farming community into a resort town. Hill devised a plan to create a 50-acre lake on the 600 acres of land on the west side of a marshy basin formed by several spring-fed streams. Hill and fellow land-holder Seth Baker, along with other local investors, created the Prospect Park Improvement Association to manage the development. By raising a dam across its northern outlet, Hill was able to Granacki Historic Consultants 2009

9 7 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL create the picturesque Lake Ellyn, named after his wife and the centerpiece of his development. Hill s partners in the Prospect Park Improvement Association then formed the Glen Ellyn Hotel and Springs Company, and proceeded to build a spectacular hotel overlooking the lake. With the mineral springs nearby, a luxurious health resort was founded. In July of 1891, the town of about 600 residents changed its name for the final time to Glen Ellyn. That November, a devastating fire swept through the business district, destroying all of the buildings along the west side of Main Street. Despite this setback, the lake, hotel, and springs attracted new residents. Glen Ellyn s Addition Thomas Hill to Prospect Park, which encompasses a large part of the North-Central survey area, was platted in 1890, with large lots averaging 150 x 200 feet. Slightly smaller lots were platted along Milton Boulevard, which is now known as Main Street. The eastern boundary of the subdivision was Park Boulevard, which at that time overlooked Lake Ellyn. Many of the survey area s most picturesque houses were built within Glen Ellyn s Addition in the last years of the 19th century. EARLY 20th-CENTURY DEVELOPMENT Lake Ellyn Glen Ellyn s era as a resort destination came to an end in 1906, when the grand Glen Ellyn Hotel was struck by lightening and burned to the ground. By that time, however, the village had begun to transition into a suburban community. During the first decades of the 20 th century, Glen Ellyn added public improvements by paving roads, pouring concrete sidewalks, and running gas, electric, water, and telephone pipes and wires. Electric rail service provided by the Aurora, Elgin, and Chicago railroad opened in 1901 with a direct connection to Chicago s Metropolitan West Side Railroad and the downtown Loop. New commercial structures built in Glen Ellyn s business district were substantial masonry construction. A second elementary school was built in the Glen Ellyn School District in 1909, and by 1918 the newly organized high school boasted its first graduating class. By the dawn of the 1920s, the community was poised for another building boom. Crescent Boulevard, 1920s New subdivisions stretched west from the center of town and south of Lake Ellyn. The 1920s were a time of growth throughout the country, and housing construction in the survey area accelerated. In an attempt to control this explo Granacki Historic Consultants

10 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL 8 sive new growth, Glen Ellyn s Village Board passed its first zoning ordinance in 1923, and Village President James Slawson appointed the village s first Plan Commission two years later. In addition to residential growth, the 1920s were a time of fast-paced commercial development in the central business district. Many of these new buildings, like the Glen Theatre, were designed in the Tudor Revival style that was wildly popular at the time. By the end of the 1930s, when the Great Depression halted new construction, most of the Glen Ellyn North-Central survey area had reached maturity, and post-world War II construction occurred on scattered lots within the survey area. The built environment of the North-Central survey area encompasses the entire development of the village of Glen Ellyn, from the early pioneer decades of modest farm houses and Stacy s Tavern, to the construction of elegant late 19th century houses that grace Main Street, and the proliferation of 1920s Colonial and Tudor Revival residences. Granacki Historic Consultants 2009

11 9 ARCHITECTURE OF THE N ORTH-CENTRAL SURVEY AREA Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL The architecture of the North-Central survey area has a wide mix of the most common late 19th and early to mid-20th century high styles and vernacular and popular residential types, ranging from 1840s vernacular farmhouses to just-completed Neo-Traditional houses. In addition, the North-Central survey area also features 19th and 20th-century commercial types along the streets bordering the village s railroad, which is part of the Village s business district. Compared to the Glen Ellyn, Glen Ellyn East, and Glen Ellyn West areas surveyed in , the North-Central survey area contains a higher percentage of contributing (historic) structures, as well as a much larger number of significant and potentially significant-rated structures. The following table outlines these differences: Survey Areas Total Structures C NC PS S Built in or after Combined Survey Areas Glen Ellyn North Central Survey Area Unfortunately, the North-Central area also contains a larger number of teardowns and new construction than the three areas surveyed in A total of 141 buildings (or 17% of total structures and 55% of non-historic structures) within the North-Central survey area were constructed in or after 1990, compared to only 123 or 14% of the combined survey areas from The vast majority of these structures are residential. Throughout the North-Central survey area, there are a number of fine historic houses and commercial buildings. In the survey area, 91 buildings (11%) were rated significant, and an additional 91 (11%) were rated potentially significant. These buildings represent the best of the survey area and should be considered for potential individual landmark designation. DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE IN THE NORTH-CENTRAL SURVEY AREA Some very important periods of development for Midwestern domestic architecture are wellrepresented in the survey area. The earliest houses are typical 19th-century vernacular types that date from the 1840s, including a Side Gable Cottage from 1842, an Upright & Wing from 1849, and Stacy s Tavern, an L-Form structure built in Other 19th-century vernacular types represented in the survey area are the Gable Front and Gable Front Cottage, of which there are 25 examples, and Gabled Ell, of which there are three examples. Among the high styles built in the late 19th century and into the first decade of the 20th century, there are a 2009 Granacki Historic Consultants

12 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL 10 handful of relatively rare types, including single examples of the Gothic Revival and Greek Revival styles, along with more common styles such as Italianate (1 example), Queen Anne and Queen Anne Free Classic (26 examples), and Shingle style (3 examples). The early years of the century display the emergence of 20th-century popular types like American Foursquare and the Bungalow and high styles like Craftsman and Prairie, all of which represent a significant departure from the picturesque styles of the late 19th century. A total of 22 Craftsman houses and 10 Prairie Style houses were constructed between 1905 and 1926 in the survey area. There are 20 examples of the American Foursquare type, most built between 1905 and The first bungalow in the survey area makes its appearance around 1910, and is among the most well-represented building type in the survey area, with 76 examples. There are also 18 examples of the Craftsman Bungalow, which combined the basic form of the Bungalow type with Craftsman features. The housing boom of the 1920s ushered in a new era of historic revival styles, which make up the majority of the historic architectural styles represented in the North-Central survey area. By far the most popular of these historic revival styles was the Colonial Revival (including Colonial Revival Cottage), which boasts 102 examples in the survey area. Tudor Revival residences were also well-represented, with 47 examples. Home construction in historic revival styles continued throughout the Great Depression and through the 1940s, although in ever-small numbers. Coincident with these styles, by 1940, a new popular type called the Minimal Traditional was introduced. The Minimal Traditional made reference to the Colonial Revival style but in a more simplified, modern way. Thirty-two of these were built in the survey area. After World War II, the Ranch predominated, with 48 examples. In all, the 1920s account for 193 or 26% of the residential building in the survey area, and the period between 1930 and 1950 accounts for 95 or 13%. The survey area contains a total of 826 structures, of which 737 are residential. Of the 737 residential buildings, 728 are single-family and 9 are multi-family residential. The residential structures that have been surveyed can be placed into the following groups: high-style architecture, 19th-century vernacular types, and 20th-century popular house types. High-style architecture includes buildings that are architect-designed or, if no professional architect was involved, display a conscious attempt to incorporate common architectural characteristics in fashion during the time they were built. These categories are based on the distinctive overall massing, floor plan, materials, and architectural detailing that can be identified in a building. Some architectural high styles are based on historic precedents. These may include buildings from the 19 th century that were loosely based on styles from the past, such as Italianate, Greek Revival, and Queen Anne. It also includes the more literal historic revival styles that prevailed during the 1910s and 1920s, such as Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, and others. Finally, it includes homes built during the last 30 years, from the 1970s through the present, which are a conscious interpretation of historic styles. They are sometimes referred to as Neo-Traditional because of a more literal use of historic inspired elements. Granacki Historic Consultants 2009

13 11 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL Other high-style buildings, those that were built during the 20 th century, include some that generally make no reference to prior historic styles. Rather, they look to practical massing based on the function of the building, use of modern materials, and little, if any, ornament. The earliest of these is the Prairie style that Frank Lloyd Wright fathered in the early 1900s. Others date from the modern period, generally after 1930, and include Art Deco, International Style, and Contemporary styles. Just over 38% (283) of the residential structures in the North-Central survey area are historic high-style buildings from the late 19 th to mid-20 th century. By far the most numerous are the Colonial Revival houses and cottages (102), dating from the early to mid-20th century. There are also 38 examples of the closely-related Dutch Colonial Revival style, and 13 of the Cape Cod style. Tudor Revival style houses are also very well-represented, with 47 examples. Of those styles not based on historic precedent, the Craftsman style and related Craftsman Bungalow are most popular, with 40 combined examples. There are also 10 examples of the Prairie Style. With 26 combined examples, Queen Anne and Queen Anne Free Classic houses are the most common of the 19th-century high styles in the survey area. Some other high styles are represented by just a few examples. These include Greek Revival (one), Gothic Revival (one), Italianate (one), Shingle (three), Classical Revival (three), Renaissance Revival (two), French Eclectic (three), Mediterranean Revival (four), International Style (one), and Late Prairie (one). A large number of high-style residences in the survey area are non-historic, with Neo- Traditional alone representing over 18% (134) of the total housing stock. Other non-historic high styles include Neo-Colonial (six), Neo-Tudor (six), Mansard (four), and Shed (one) Vernacular and popular house types are generally non-stylistic and include 19 th century vernacular house types whose design depends on a builder s experience and knowledge, as well as later 20 th century popular house types that were typically constructed according to widely available published plans. In this survey, those buildings not defined as high style are considered either vernacular or popular in type. Nineteenth century vernacular buildings were usually built by an owner or builder who relied on simple, practical techniques and locally available materials for overall design and floor layout. Availability and locale determined the types of structural systems, materials, and millwork found in vernacular buildings. Because of this, vernacular buildings are most easily classified by their general shape, roof style, or floor plan. Occasionally, ornament characteristic of a high style such as Italianate or Queen Anne is applied to the facade. Only six percent (41) of the residential structures can be classified as 19 th century vernacular types, with a few of them built into the early years of the 20 th century. The largest number of these is the Gable Front (23) and related Gable Front cottage (two), a one-story variant of the type. Also in the survey area are the Side Gable (two) and Side Gable Cottage (5), as well as the Gabled Ell (three). The only type based on overall massing to appear, is the L-From (four). There are single examples of the Upright and Wing and Gambrel Front. Beginning in the early 20 th century, plans for popular house types were widely published and made available in books and catalogues. The earliest of these 20 th century popular house types was the American Foursquare, which some architectural historians suggest was influenced by the horizontality of the Prairie Style. The American Foursquare, with broad eaves and a hipped 2009 Granacki Historic Consultants

14 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL 12 roof, was particularly popular between 1900 and Bungalows of various sorts were another type built throughout the country until After 1930, during the modern period, popular house types included the Ranch, Raised Ranch, and Minimal Traditional. The Split Level began to be built in the early 1950s through 1960s. Just over 30% (223) of the structures are 20 th -century popular types. The simple Bungalow is the most numerous type in the survey area with 76 examples, followed by Ranch, with 47 examples. There are nine Massed Ranches and one Raised Ranch. Minimal Traditional (33) and Split-Level (29) are also well-represented in the survey area. The following sections describe the high-style architecture from the 19th and 20th centuries, 19 th century vernacular house types, and 20 th century popular house types. The examples of these styles and types chosen for illustration are, in most cases, those ranked locally significant. In some cases it was not possible to illustrate all the significant ranked buildings in a particular style because there were several. In a few other cases a building with less integrity had to be chosen because it was the only surviving example of a particular style or type. MID- TO LATE-19TH CENTURY DEVELOPMENT The first houses in the survey area date from the 1840s and were originally sited on larger rural parcels before the first subdivisions were platted. The earliest of these is the Dr. Lewey Q. Newton House, a modest Side Gable Cottage constructed in Also in the survey area is Stacy s Tavern, an 1847 L-Form structure at the southwest corner of Main and Geneva. The period between 1850 and 1880 saw the construction of a number of vernacular residences, as well as some rare high-style designs, such as the Gothic Revival-style Henry Finamore House at 563 N. Main Street and the John Newton Nind House, a stately Greek Revival-style residence at 591 N. Main Street. The creation of Lake Ellyn and construction of the Glen Ellyn Hotel in the 1880s spurred development in the survey area, leading to the platting of the Glen Ellyn Addition to Prospect Park in 1890 (which includes most of the North Central survey area), and to the construction of a significant number of Queen Anne and Shingle-Style residences. PROMINENT HIGH STYLE ARCHITECTURE GREEK REVIV AL The Greek Revival style is most often the earliest style found in Midwestern towns, and was popular in the mid-1860s following an interest in classical buildings in both the United States and western Europe. The style is characterized by a low-pitched, gabled roof emphasized with a wide band of flat trim called a frieze just below the eaves. Where the eave meets the front wall of the building it may turn in horizontally a short distance, called a cornice return. There are a variety of entrance porch types, often with a traditional classical pediment supported by classical columns. Windows are typically six-pane, upper and lower double-hung sash, and doors are often surrounded by sidelights and transoms. There is just one house in the survey area in the Greek Revival style and it has been rated significant. The John Newton Nind House, located at 591 N. Main Street, is a monumental and Granacki Historic Consultants 2009

15 N. Main Street Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL highly-detailed example of this style. The front façade of the house features an imposing full-height front portico with triangular pediment and fluted Ionic columns. The house was the final residence of John Nind, who emigrated to the United States from England in Nind first purchased a farm in Bloomingdale Township, then moved to another farm near Stacy s Corner, before finally building this house in Nind died just nine years after the house was built. The house has received a plaque from the Glen Ellyn Historical Society. In addition to being rated locally significant, the house is also eligible for individual listing to the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion C for its architecture. VICTORIAN GOTHIC REVIVAL The Victorian Gothic Revival style was popular in the Chicago area from about 1850 to It takes its inspiration from Europe s great medieval cathedrals, which were characterized by verticality, structural expression, and richly carved stonework. The relationship, however, is more sentimental than literal. In Gothic Revival houses, steeply pitched gable roofs are often decorated with crisply cut ornamental bargeboard (commonly called gingerbread) or stickwork to suggest the home s underlying framework. Windows are tall and narrow and frequently have pointed arches, or if square topped, have flattened window hoods with dripmolds ( a projecting molding used to direct rain water from the window opening). Built by local craftsmen, these homes, when they were constructed of wood, were sometimes called Carpenter Gothic. There is also a type of Gothic Revival referred to as Late Gothic Revival, which was used for universities and other institutional buildings including churches, beginning in the late 19th century through the 1920s. The sole example of the Victorian Gothic Revival style in the survey area is the Henry Finamore (Fennamore/Fenamore) House, located at 563 N. Main Street. The house has been rated locally significant. Built in 1874, the house features several characteristic features of the style, including elaborate bargeboard along the eaves and rakes of the roof, and a three-part pointed arch window at the 2nd story of 563 N. Main Street the front façade. The house is a local landmark, and was listed on the Illinois Historic Structures Survey (rated P), and on the Illinois Historic Landmarks Survey. The house has received a plaque from the Glen Ellyn Historic Society QUEEN ANNE 2009 Granacki Historic Consultants

16 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL 14 The Queen Anne style is one of several styles popular in America from about 1880 to It was popularized by Richard Norman Shaw and other 19 th century English architects and has roots in styles prevalent during the Elizabethan and Jacobean eras in England. It is characterized by asymmetry and irregularity in its overall shape, facade, and roof. It often has gables, dormers, towers, and wings, with a partial, full-width, or wraparound porch. A variety of materials and patterns are used to break up the surface of the walls. The earlier homes have milled porch columns and balustrades, while those after 1893 (reflecting the influence of the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago) often have classical columns and simpler square balusters. These later examples are called Free Classic Queen Anne style houses. There are several excellent examples of the Queen Anne style in the survey area, dating from c to Some of these are quite elaborate in their massing and architectural detail. Of the 26 in the survey area, the following nine have been rated locally significant: 570 Anthony Street (1893); 475 Cottage Avenue (1875); 525 Forest Avenue (1901); 677 Highland Avenue (1892); 574 N. Main Street (1891); 583 N. Main Street (1889); 545 Park Boulevard (1892); 636 Park Boulevard (1905); and 644 Prairie Avenue (1903). 570 Anthony Street An impressive Queen Anne style home is the Ward B. LeStage House, at 570 Anthony Street. Built in 1893, the house features a prominent rounded corner tower, generous wraparound porch, three-part front window with rounded arch shingled lintel, and multi-light/1 Queen Anne windows. This house was listed in the Illinois Historic Structures Survey (rated P) and was awarded a Glen Ellyn Historical Society Plaque. Another equally impressive Queen Anne is the Lawrence C. Cooper House, located at 545 Park Boulevard. This picturesque Queen Anne features a rounded corner bay with 545 Park Boulevard conical roof and triangular pediment over the porch entry. This house was included in the Illinois Historic Structures Survey (rated HD) and the Illinois Historic Landmarks Survey, and also has received a plaque from the Glen Ellyn Historical Society. 677 Highland Avenue An example of Queen Anne with Eastlake details can be found at 677 Highland Avenue. In contrast to the rounded, more baroque elements common other Queen Anne houses from the 1880s and early 1890s, Eastlake Queen Anne residences exhibit more severe, often complex geometric detailing made possible through the advent of machine- Granacki Historic Consultants 2009

17 15 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL made architectural elements. Built in 1892, the house at 677 Highland features fine Eastlake ornament, including the geometric railings along its wraparound porch and second story sleeping porch. Its squared, full-height corner tower also underlines the overall geometric massing of the structure. The house was made a local landmark in Nine of the Queen Anne style homes in the survey area have Free Classic detailing. One of the most handsome of these is located at 644 Prairie Avenue. Built in 1903, the house is one of the last Queen Anne residences to be constructed in the survey area. Its dominant feature is a 644 Prairie Avenue uniquely rounded flat porch roof that connects the 2-story gable front bay with the lower hipped roof wing. SHINGLE STYLE The Shingle Style, popular between 1880 and 1900, is a variable style that borrows characteristics from several other styles. Many are closely related to the Queen Anne style with a facade that is usually asymmetrical, with irregular, steeply pitched rooflines having cross-gables and multilevel eaves. Others have Colonial Revival or Dutch Colonial Revival style features such as gambrel roofs, classical columns, and Palladian windows. The distinguishing feature that sets this style apart is the use of continuous wood shingles cladding the roof and walls and wrapping the house like a skin. Shingled walls may curve into recessed windows, and even cover porch knee walls. Although there are only three examples of the Shingle Style in the survey area, two of these (586 Glen Ellyn Place and 679 N. Main Street) are rated significant and one (566 Park Boulevard) is rated potentially significant. 679 N. Main Street The Seth L. Baker House at 679 N. Main Street is an excellent example of the Shingle Style in the survey area. The slightly projecting pedimented gable is clad in wood shingles, and features attic windows recessed with curving shingle side walls that are a characteristic element of Shingle Style houses. Other distinctive features include the wraparound porch and polygonal corner tower. The house has been awarded a plaque from the Glen Ellyn Historical Society. 19th-CENTURY VERNACULAR HOUSE TYPES Although many notable homes in architectural high styles were being built in the late 19 th century, a number were also built in the simpler vernacular types popular at the time. Almost 6% 2009 Granacki Historic Consultants

18 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL 16 (41) of the structures in the survey area can be defined as 19 th century vernacular types. The most common of these Gable Front (including Gable Front Cottage), followed by Side Gable (including Side Gable Cottage), and L-Form. Both types were built as either houses (two or more stories) or cottages (one or 1½ stories). Because 19 th -century vernacular types are generally simple in plan and were originally built with little stylistic ornamentation, they are frequently underappreciated. Changes over the years tend to obscure their original character. Determining significance in a vernacular structure is usually based on integrity, that is, the presence of its original, historic configuration and materials, with few alterations. Fourteen of the 19 th century vernacular type houses in the survey have been ranked locally significant or potentially significant. GABLE FRONT HOUSES AND COTTAGES The Gable Front house, which includes the more diminutive Gable Front cottage, dates from the 19 th through the early 20 th century, and is the most common type in the survey area, with 25 examples. A Gable Front house or cottage is characterized by its roof type. The roof has two sloped sides that meet at a center ridge. The triangular ends of the walls on the other two sides are called gables. In a Gable Front the gable end faces the street and is the front of the house. It is often a working-class house, usually frame, with a rectangular plan, minimal projections on the front facade, and the front entry on the open end of the gable. Often the porch extends the full width of the front of the house. Sometimes Gable Front houses display trim details in the architectural styles that were in favor at the time. In the survey area, two the Daniel Roby House at 439 Pennsylvania Avenue (1890) and 571 Anthony Street (1905) were rated locally signifi- 571 Anthony Street cant, and six were rated potentially significant. The house at 571 Anthony Street is a fine, late example of the Gable Front type. Built in 1905, the house features a slightly flared front gable roof with cornice returns, and a full-width front porch with a hipped roof. The window openings are adorned with very simple classical wood lintels. SIDE GABLE HOUSES AND COTTAGES Side Gable houses, also popular from the mid 19th century to the early 20th century, is the second most common 19th-century vernacular type in the survey area. The Side Gable house is very similar to the Gable Front house, the only difference being that the Side Gable has the gable roof ends at the sides of the structure rather than at the front as in a Gable Front. As with Gable Front, most Side Gable houses exhibit little ornamentation and are usually frame. There Granacki Historic Consultants 2009

19 17 are two Side Gable houses and five Side Gable cottages in the survey area. Two of the Side Gable cottages 419 Cottage Avenue and the Lewey Q. Newton House at 416 Pennsylvania Avenue are rated potentially significant. Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL The Lewey Q. Newton House, a modest Side Gable Cottage at 416 Pennsylvania Avenue, is one of the earliest residential structures in the survey area. Newton was among the early settlers within what became Glen Ellyn. In 1848, Newton deeded the 416 Pennsylvania Avenue right of way for construction of the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad through his farm, and later built a train station for the community using his own money. The station was called Newton Station until According to local lore, the present house was part of a larger residence that originally sat at the northwest corner of Pennsylvania and Main Street the house was supposedly divided, with this side-gable section moved west to its present site, and a gabled portion moved north to Geneva Road (551 Geneva). The house was awarded a plaque from the Glen Ellyn Historical Society. L-FORM Some simple vernacular house types are based on general massing, overall floor plan, and roof configuration. The most common of these can be described as L-Plan, Cross-Plan, or T-Plan. These houses and cottages do not have two separate house sections, but rather an L-, Cross-, or T-Plan as one single integrated whole. The gable roofs intersect at a right angle and the roof ridges are usually, although not always, at the same height as a multiple gable roof. There are four L-Form structures in the North-Central survey area, one of which is rated significant and one that is rated potentially significant. Stacy s Tavern, a substantial L- Form structure located at the southwest corner of Geneva and Main Street, is one of Glen Ellyn s most well-known landmarks and a rare surviving ex- Stacy s Tavern ample of the kinds of mid-19th-century taverns that dotted roads leading out from Chicago to its surrounding undeveloped land. Moses Stacy built the original front gable portion of the tavern in 1846, adding the large side wing within the year. The building, which has been restored, features cornice returns, regular, symmetrical fenestration, and entry surround with sidelights that are hallmarks of the Greek Revival variation of the L-Form. The house, which is individually listed on the National Register and is a local landmark, now houses the Glen Ellyn Historical Society and a museum Granacki Historic Consultants

20 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL 18 UPRIGHT A ND WING An Upright and Wing house combines a 1½- or two-story Gable Front section with a one or 1½ -story section that meets it at a right angle. Unlike the Gabled Ell or L-Form houses, the wing is a separate part of the building and is always lower than the upright portion. This building type was often built in stages, with the upright section as the addition. The single example of the Upright and Wing type in the survey area is the John D. Ackerman House at 633 St. Charles Road. Ackerman was among the earliest settlers in the area. 633 St. Charles Road He and his wife Lurania Churchill came to the area along what would become St. Charles Road in the 1830s with the rest of the Churchill family, and built their modest home east of what is now Main Street. The side gable portion of the house was probably built first, and the twostory front gable bay constructed soon after. The house is listed on the Illinois Historic Landmarks Survey, and received a plaque from the Glen Ellyn Historical Society. EARLY 20 TH -CENTURY HIGH STYLES AND POPULAR TYPES BREAK WITH HISTORIC PRECEDENT As in many city s and towns across the county, development in Glen Ellyn s North-Central survey area in the first decades of the 20 th century followed design trends that broke with historic precedent. The simpler Prairie School and Craftsman style were remarkable departures from the picturesque styles of the late 19 th century. In these styles, the pure expression of materials, without unnecessary ornamentation, was the dominant design feature. Their vernacular expressions, the American Foursquare and the Bungalow, are the two most commonly found types in the survey area. PRAIRIE The Prairie style of architecture is frequently regarded as America's first indigenous residential architectural style. It takes its inspiration not from historical precedents but from the Midwest's most characteristic natural feature, the prairie. Hence, the horizontality of the Midwest landscape is emphatically expressed in Prairie houses. Identifying features of Prairie architecture include low-pitched roofs with wide overhangs, flat stucco or brick wall treatment, casement windows (frequently leaded) clustered in horizontal bands, and brick detailing in geometric patterns. Prairie style buildings generally have a massive quality, as if rooted to the earth. Of the 10 Prairie style houses in the survey area six have been rated locally significant, including: 408 Anthony Street (1926); 618 Lenox Road (1925); 686 N. Main Street (1908); 607 Park Granacki Historic Consultants 2009

21 19 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL Boulevard (1926); and 726 and 795 Park Boulevard (both built in 1910). The earliest example of the Prairie style in the survey area is located at 686 N. Main Street. The restrained ornament (mostly confined to the projecting front gable entry porch), and the contrast of wood board 1st story and stucco cladding along the 2nd story are characteristic of the style, as is the low pitched hipped roof 686 N. Main Street with overhanging eaves. The house is listed on the Illinois Historic Structures Survey (rated HD). A later example of the Prairie style is the Warren W. and Ruth Simpson House at 607 Park Boulevard. Designed by Albert Oliver and built in 1926, the house features stucco exterior walls with geometric, decorative half-timbering and delicate art-glass windows. The house is listed on the Illinois Historic Structures Survey (rated HD). AMERICAN FOURSQUARE 607 Park Boulevard The American Foursquare is a popular 20 th century type that reflects some of the influence of the Prairie style in a smaller, simpler volume. These houses are usually two to 2½ stories tall, two to three bays wide, with a hipped or pyramidal roof, dormers, a full-width front porch with classical or squared-off columns and piers, and overhanging eaves. They are typically square or nearly square in plan with four equal-sized rooms, one in each corner. The type became popular in house building because it was practical and comfortable for the working and middle classes. These houses were inexpensive to build since they did not have any of the elaborate features such as turrets and turned ornament that were fashionable in the late 19 th century. Plan book and catalog companies featured many Foursquare designs between 1900 and Anthony Street Within the survey area, there are 20 American Foursquare residences. Two of these 581 Prairie Avenue (1910) and 432 Anthony Street (1907) are rated significant, and two 567 Forest Avenue and 786 Park Boulevard are rated potentially significant Granacki Historic Consultants

22 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL 20 The Frank A. Swan House at 432 Anthony Street is a fine, early example of the American Foursquare with Queen Anne Free Classic detailing. Distinctive features include the hipped roof with overhanging eaves and hipped front dormer, full width front porch, and 2nd story threesided bay. The house has received a plaque from the Glen Ellyn Historical Society. CRAFTSMA N The other important style from the early 20 th century not based on historic precedent is the Craftsman style. Also having low-pitched roofs with deep overhanging eaves, Craftsman homes have exposed rafter ends, decorative brackets or knee braces under shallow gable roofs, dormers, and a deep front porch. Windows are frequently double-hung sash with three panes in the upper sash and one in the lower. Although they were built into the 1920s, the Craftsman style was particularly popular between 1901 and 1916, when the architect and furniture maker Gustav Stickley published his magazine, The Craftsman. 535 Oak Street There are 22 examples of the Craftsman style in the survey area, of which three are rated locally significant: 777 Park Boulevard (1905); 678 Park Boulevard (1906); and 535 Oak Street (1926). One Craftsman, at 711 Park Boulevard, is rated potentially significant. The house at 535 Oak Street is an almost starkly simple Craftsman residence. Built in 1926, the house features a low jerkinhead roof and red brick cladding, with stucco along the top section of the exterior walls. 777 Park Boulevard The house at 777 Park Boulevard, constructed in 1905, is a slightly larger version of the Craftsman Bungalow. The house features a front gable bay with overhanging eaves, and a lower front gable porch nested just underneath the other bay. The combination of wood and stucco exterior treatments, as well as the solid square porch supports and geometric/1 windows, are all common features of the style. The house is listed on the Illinois Historic Structures Survey (rated O). INTERNATIONAL STYLE The International Style was originally developed in Europe in the 1910s and 1920s by Le Corbusier, Walter Gropius, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Some of the practitioners of the style Granacki Historic Consultants 2009

23 21 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL emigrated to the United States and to Chicago, carrying with them the functional approach to architecture that was practiced at the Bauhaus, Gropius school of modern design. Gropius, who settled near Boston, Mies van der Rohe, who practiced in Chicago, and Richard Neutra, who worked in California, began a modernist tradition that influenced the 734 Lenox Road work of countless other architects whose designs regularly won awards and were featured as Architectural Record houses of the year. International Style residential architecture is characterized by flat roofs, planar wall surfaces, and a lack of any applied ornamentation. These homes are generally low in profile but may stand two or even three stories, are asymmetrical and geometric in form, and often incorporate a considerable amount of glass in their designs. They are elegant in their attention to proportion and detailing. The sole example of the International Style in the North-Central survey area is the Alfred A. Schiller House at 734 Lenox Road. The house, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008, is also rated significant in the survey. The original section of the house, which was set far back on the lot, as well as the front garage, were designed by noted modernist architect Paul Scheikher and built in An addition connecting the house to the garage was designed by Keck & Keck and completed in The house blends International Style massing and lack of ornament with the organic materials (common brick and redwood) commonly used in the Prairie School. BUNGALOW AND CRAFTSMAN BUNGALOW The Bungalow is an informal house type that began in California and quickly spread to other parts of the country. Although it evolved from the Craftsman heritage, Bungalows may incorporate various other stylistic features. It became so popular after 1905 that it was often built in quantity by contractors and builders. Plan books and architectural journals published plans that helped popularize the type for homeowners and builders. Bungalows are one or 1½ story houses that emphasize horizontality. Basic characteristics usually include broad and deep front porches and low-pitched roofs, often with dormers. Porches can be full across the front, small and recessed, or projecting. There are many roof variations found in bungalows, including front or side-facing jerkinhead (a gable roof with the peak clipped), front or side-facing gable, and hipped. Exterior materials can be brick with cut stone trim or can be frame. Features of the high style known as Craftsman are so frequently combined with the Bungalow form that there is a separate classification called Craftsman Bungalow. Craftsman Bungalows, inspired by the work of California architects Greene and Greene, were widely published in architectural journals and popular home magazines of the day. Plans were often included in articles about the style, and the Craftsman Bungalow became one of the country s most popular house styles during the teens and twenties. Craftsman Bungalows by definition have more high 2009 Granacki Historic Consultants

24 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL 22 -style features and can be quite remarkable despite their often modest size. With 76 examples, the Bungalow is the second most common historic architectural style or type within the survey area (just behind Colonial Revival) and the most prevalent 20th-century popular house type. Of the 76, just five are rated significant and four are rated potentially significant. Significant-rated Bungalows include: 757 Forest Avenue (1925); 434 Linden Street (1921); Pleasant Avenue Oak Street (1925); 575 Pleasant Avenue (1920); and 705 Pleasant Avenue 1929). In addition, there are 18 examples of the Craftsman Bungalow, of which seven 746, 773, and 787 Euclid; 546 and 682 Forest Avenue; 593 Glen Ellyn Place; and 629 Prairie Avenue are rated locally significant. Three Craftsman Bungalows are also rated potentially significant. simple type. 434 Oak Street Among the many bungalows in the survey area, there are few that retain the integrity of their original materials, which is generally what would make them significant. With only minor alterations, the house at 695 Pleasant Avenue, built in 1910, is a well-preserved example of the Bungalow. The side gable features overhanging eaves, and the shed dormer nestles into the shed-roof front porch. Paired, rounded porch columns set upon solid knee walls add a classical feel to this The modest but well-preserved Bungalow at 434 Oak Street, designed by Herbert Spieler and built in 1925, eschews the typical front porch in favor of a plain front entry with simple wood surround. The house retains its historic geometric wood windows. The Craftsman Bungalow was a popular type available from the Sears, Roebuck and Company catalog. There are a handful of Bungalows and Craftsman Bungalows within the survey area that have either been identified as Sears houses, or appear to be Sears houses but have not been researched. More research is recommended on these houses to confirm whether or not they are Sears houses. The house at 546 Forest Avenue 546 Forest Avenue is a fine Craftsman Bungalow that may be a Sears home. The house has a side-gabled roof with broad eaves and knee brackets. The centered front gable entry porch features deep cornice returns and a rounded ceiling, with squat Granacki Historic Consultants 2009

25 23 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL square supports resting on solid knee walls. The house also retains its historic wood windows. The introduction of plan book and precut catalog homes brought new opportunities to homebuyers who wanted the latest home styles and trends but could not afford an architect to design their new home. Builders or owners could purchase designs from a number of mail-order companies that produced plans and designs, and precut catalog companies provided the materials necessary for building the house. These houses were appealing to buyers: the houses could be chosen out of a catalog, were reasonably priced, and could be built on any site. Precut catalog houses could be constructed rapidly since the materials were produced and sized at the catalog company's mills and shipped to the site. Sears, operating out of Chicago from 1908 to 1940, was one of the most successful of the precut catalog companies, selling over 30,000 houses by 1925 and nearly 50,000 by At the sales office, customers selected a plan from the many designs offered in the catalog. After an order was placed, a service representative was assigned, a construction manual provided, and a shipping schedule set up. Soon after, the owners would either hire a local contractor to build the house or build it themselves. HISTORIC REVIVAL STYLES PEAK IN THE 1920S Although interest in Historic Revival styles waned in the early decades of the 20 th century as Prairie, Craftsman, and their popular variations took hold, some examples of historic styles continued to be built. But it was in the 1920s, a boom time for construction throughout the country, that architectural favor returned in full force to historic revival styles. These were influenced by classical, European, and other models in a trend that continued into the 1940s. CLASSICAL THEMES: COLONIAL REVIVAL The Colonial Revival style dates from the years following the 1876 United States Centennial Exposition held in Philadelphia. It became the most popular historic revival style throughout the country between World Wars I and II, as the country enjoyed a resurgence of patriotism after World War I. Many people chose Colonial Revival architecture because of its basic simplicity and its patriotic associations with early American 18 th century homes. Most of these buildings are symmetrical and rectangular in plan. Detailing is derived from classical sources, partly due to the influence of the classicism that dominated the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition. Many front facades have classical, temple-like entrances with projecting porticos topped by a pediment. Paneled doors flanked 695 Forest Avenue by sidelights and topped by rectangular transoms or fanlights are common, as are multi-pane double-hung windows with shutters. In the survey area there are 102 Colonial Revival houses and Colonial Revival cottages, more than any other in the survey area. Of these, 19 are rated significant, and 11 are rated potentially significant Granacki Historic Consultants

26 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL 24 Three very different examples illustrate the pervasiveness of this style. The 1906 Colonial Revival style home at 695 Forest Avenue is a good example of the upright, frame type home of this period, wraparound front porch with Ionic Columns (which has been partially enclosed). A classic brick Colonial Revival from the mid- 1920s can be found at 727 Park Boulevard. Designed by Gerald Barry and built in 1926, this almost severely restrained house features a symmetrical façade, classically front entry with segmental 727 Park Boulevard -arch surround, and historic multi-light double hung windows. The North-Central survey area contains a number of fine 1920s residences that marry the basic form of the Colonial Revival with Craftsman and Prairie detailing. The house at 533 Park Boulevard, built in 1926, features the rectangular massing and symmetry typical of the Colonial Revival, with a smooth stucco finish and overhanging eaves of the Prairie style. The 5/1 vertical double hung windows, a low-pitched roof with overhanging eaves, and cedar shingle siding 675 N. Main Street lends a Craftsman feel to the Colonial Revival at 675 N. Main Street. Some charming examples of Colonial Revival cottages in the survey area include 540 Forest Avenue and 532 Oak Street, both built in Both homes appear to be examples of the Sears kit house called The Crescent. Both one-story houses feature rectangular massing and center front gable entry porches 540 Forest Avenue 532 Oak Street with paired classical columns. OTHER CLASSICAL-RELATED STYLES Like the Colonial Revival style, the Classical Revival style was also inspired by the renewed interest in classical models after the Chicago World s Colombian Exposition of The distinguishing characteristic of this style is the prominence of a full, two-story porch with its roof Granacki Historic Consultants 2009

27 Lenox Avenue with classical columns. Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL supported by classical columns and topped by a pediment. Its façade is symmetrical, with a central entrance. Window, door, and dormer details are similar to the Colonial Revival style. Architects who received training at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris contributed to the influence of this style. There are three Classical Revival-style houses within the survey area, one of which (670 Lenox Avenue) is rated significant, and one of which (670 N. Main Street) is rated potentially significant. The house at 670 Lenox Avenue exhibits the characteristic full-height rounded front portico The Dutch Colonial Revival style is a subtype of the Colonial Revival style, marked by a gambrel roof, with a double slope on each side of the building. Those with the gambrel facing the street tend to be earlier, dating from the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries, while those with side-facing gambrels and a broad front dormer were very popular during the 1920s. There are 38 houses in the Dutch Colonial Revival style in the survey area, of which only two are rated significant and 10 are rated potentially significant. The W. L. Winchester House at 600 Euclid 600 Euclid Avenue Avenue, built in 1928, is an unusually late example of the front-facing Gambrel type of Dutch Colonial. The house features a slightly steep gambrel roof with cornice returns and a broad wraparound front porch with flared hipped roof. 769 Forest Avenue The Cape Cod style house is another subtype, much smaller but a still traditional alternative to the typically two-story Colonial Revival style house. One to 1½ stories, it is characterized by a rectangular plan with a side gable roof, a central front entrance, and generally two front-facing dormers. There is frequently some classical detailing such as multi-light windows and classical door and window surrounds. There are 13 Cape Cod houses in the survey area, three of which are rated significant and three of which are rated potentially significant. The Cape Cod at 769 Forest Avenue is typical of the style, and features a side gable roof punctuated by two front gable dormers and a symmetrical front façade with a rounded arch, recessed 2009 Granacki Historic Consultants

28 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL 26 center entry. The house is rated potentially significant. RENAISSANCE REVIVAL During the historic revival style period, a number of European models became the basis for architectural expression. One of these is the Renaissance Revival style. By the late 19 th century, many American architects as well as their clients had visited Italy, and some became interested in Italian architecture. American designs were brick or stone, rectangular in form with low-pitched, hipped roofs of ceramic tile, and some windows with round arched tops. There are only two examples of the Renaissance Revival style in the survey area, both of which are rated potentially significant. The house at 679 Forest Avenue, built in 1908, is an early example of the style, and combines some of the simplicity of the Prairie Style with Renaissance Re- 679 Forest Avenue vival. The house features the characteristic low-pitched hipped roof and symmetrical façade, with blind round arches above both the first story windows at the center entry. The house is rated potentially significant rather than significant because of its replacement windows. Another style that was introduced to Americans as a result of travel during World War I was the French Eclectic. There are three examples of this style in the survey area, one of which is rated significant and one of which is rated potentially significant. The house at 4 Ellyn Court is a 4 Ellyn Court lovely, more rustic example of the style, featuring intersecting bays with steeply pitched hipped and gable roofs, rough stone cladding, and segmental arch through-the-cornice dormers. TUDOR REVIVAL Perhaps the most popular revival style in America during the 1920s based on European traditions was the Tudor Revival style. Its design source is based on a variety of late medieval models prevalent in 16 th century Tudor England. Tudor Revival houses are typically brick, sometimes with stucco. Half timbering, with flat stucco panels outlined by wood boards, is common. The style is characterized by steeply pitched gable roofs and tall narrow casement windows with multiple panes or diamond leading. The front door may have a rounded arch or flattened pointed (Tudor) arch. Many examples feature prominent exterior stone or brick chimneys. Tudor Revival is a popular high style in the survey area, with 47 residential examples. Thirteen of the 47 are rated significant, and 16 are rated potentially significant. Granacki Historic Consultants 2009

29 27 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL 727 Forest Avenue 692 Lenox Road A fine example of Tudor Revival in the survey area is the F. E. Duggaw House at 727 Forest Avenue. Designed by Frederick Walker and built in 1927, this imposing residence features steeply pitched gable bays, decorative half timbering, and a stone front end chimney. Another impressive Tudor Revival is located at 692 Lenox Road. The projecting full-height center bay features an overhanging half-timbered 2nd story and substantial stone entry surround. The house at 692 Lenox may be eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. 1 Ellyn Court A more modest example of the style can be found at 1 Ellyn Court. This spare, modern interpretation of the style features an asymmetrical side gable, simple round arch entry, front end chimney, and no applied ornament. MID-20 TH CENTURY DEVELOPMENT The mid-20 th century saw a simplification of architectural styles that became reflected in popular types as well. One mid-century housing type that developed as a simplification of the Colonial Revival style is the Minimal Traditional. Generally with a front-facing gable section integrated with a longer section, eaves are small and architectural detail is at a minimum. This type of house was built in great numbers in the years immediately before and after World War II, especially in large tract-housing developments. Thirty-three Minimal Traditional houses are in the survey area, only one of which is rated potentially significant. Ranch houses became popular in the late 1940s and 1950s, when the idea was widely published, and were built nationwide in suburban communities. Because of the Midwest s close association with Prairie School, many Chicago-area Ranch houses owe much to the architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright, especially his Usonian houses of the 1930s. Characteristics of a Ranch 2009 Granacki Historic Consultants

30 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL 28 house include its wide, ground-hugging profile, lowpitched roof, and deep eaves. Due to the popularity of the car, the garage has a prominent position in the front of the house and is an integral part of the architecture of the Ranch house. There are 47 Ranch homes in the survey area built between c and c. 1965, one of which is rated significant and five of which are rated potentially significant. There are also several variations of the Ranch type, 715 N. Main Street including one Raised Ranch and nine Massed Ranches. The I. W. Anderson House at 715 N. Main Street is a quintessential example of the post-war Ranch house. Built in 1951, the house features low, horizontal massing, brick and stone cladding, and a pedimented front gable bay with multi-light picture window. The Split Level began to emerge as a popular housing type in the 1950s. It is characterized by a two-story section met at mid-height by a one-story wing. The three levels of space created in this type could correspond to family need for quiet living areas, noisy living areas, and sleeping areas. There are 29 Split Level houses in the survey area, and none is rated locally significant or potentially significant. There are 13 residential structures that cannot be readily classified according to any of the commonly accepted high styles or vernacular or popular types. In the case of older buildings, that is usually because they have been so altered that the original character of the structure is no longer distinguishable. In the case of newer structures, they may be of a design for which there simply is no accepted classification. Nine are rated contributing and the remaining 4 are rated noncontributing. MULTIFAMILY HOUSING TYPES There are two different types of multifamily structures in the survey area: apartments and duplexes. These classifications were used for buildings that were originally constructed for that purpose, not for single-family structures later converted to multifamily use. Of the seven apartment buildings in the survey area, the only historic building is also rated significant. The handsome three-story apartment building at Pennsylvania Avenue was built c. 1925, during a time of brisk development in Glen Ellyn s central business district. The building features a gabled center bay with decorative half timbering, and metal casement windows Pennsylvania Avenue Granacki Historic Consultants 2009

31 29 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL NON-RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE IN THE SURVEY AREA COMMERCIAL ARCHITECTURE Although mostly residential in character, the Glen Ellyn North-Central survey area does encompass the northern half of the Village s central business district, which straddles the railroad tracks. The commercial area included within the survey is roughly bounded by Pennsylvania Avenue (both the north and south sides of the street), Park Boulevard, Crescent Boulevard, and Western Avenue. As with the residential section of the survey area, the commercial section contains buildings ranging from the late 19th century to the present day. Some of the most distinctive commercial structures within the survey area and in the central business district as a whole are Tudor Revival-style two-part commercial blocks constructed during the booming 1920s. There are also a small handful of commercial structures at the northern edge of the survey area, at the intersection of Main Street and Geneva/St. Charles. This area, historically known as Stacy s Corner, was the site of some of the earliest commercial development in Glen Ellyn, but now has few commercial structures of note. The commercial building, as a distinct architectural form, did not develop until the 19th century, even though trading centers and market halls have been around since antiquity. From the end of the 19th century until the age of the automobile, most commercial buildings in the United States looked alike, although there might have been slight regional differences. Commercial buildings were typically joined by side party walls, with the commercial business on the first floor and offices or residences above. The commercial building, as a form, almost always fits on its entire lot and is built to the sidewalk. This very general type of commercial structure was built in Glen Ellyn from the late 19th century into the 1920s and 30s. In addition to these standard commercial blocks, there is also a collection of buildings built for particular uses such as banks, gas stations, and public buildings that are also represented in the district. Historic commercial buildings characteristically have a storefront on the first floor that has often been remodeled due to changes in architectural fashion, marketing, and technology through the years. Historic storefront configurations usually follow a three-part system of bulkhead at the base, display window, and transom above. Historic display windows are often flush or recessed, with single panes and some sort of subdivision. Entry doors are usually centrally placed, off-center, or at the corner and can be either flush or recessed. Historic storefront materials are generally limited to wood or metal, with supporting columns and piers. Decorative storefront elements include molded cornices, column capitals, brackets, canopies, ceramic tile entries, and fascia boards. When a commercial building has more than one story, the entry door to the upper stories of the building is also integrated into the design of the storefront. The upper stories of a commercial building usually reflect some high-style elements, notably found at the cornice, in window treatments, or as applied ornament. There is limited scholarly work that classifies the various types of commercial buildings that have been constructed in American business districts in the last 150 years. In The Buildings of Main Street, one of the few sources, Richard Longstreth has developed a classification system for historic commercial structures built within compact business districts prior to the 1950s. His system uses building mass as the determining factor. He classifies most commercial structures 2009 Granacki Historic Consultants

32 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL 30 under four stories tall as either One- or Two-Part Commercial Blocks regardless of apparent architectural stylistic elements. The distinction between the two classifications is in whether there is a strong horizontal cornice, stringcourse, or other architectural feature that visually divides the facade into one or two stacked horizontal bands. A One-Part Commercial Block is almost always one story, while a Two-Part Commercial Block may be two or more stories tall. Most historic commercial buildings fall into one or the other of these two classifications. Generally these types were built before 1950, but occasionally a contemporary commercial structure may be built on an infill parcel on a traditional commercial street. Whether or not they share party walls with the adjacent building, generally only the front of a Commercial Block has any architectural detailing. The building is located at the front lot line, along a public sidewalk, and has display windows facing that sidewalk. There are usually no display windows, public entrances, or architectural treatment on the side facades, although occasionally a larger Commercial Block, located on a corner, may have part or the entire side facade treated similarly to the front. Longstreth classifies newer commercial structures that sit apart from surrounding buildings as Freestanding, or Drive-in. This survey classifies all commercial building first by massing types defined by Longstreth and second by the architectural stylistic features. ONE-PART COMMERCIAL BLOCK Historic one-story commercial buildings are almost always One-Part Commercial Blocks. Two or more story Commercial Blocks may be classified as One-Part Commercial Blocks if the facade can be read as a single design element, with no projecting cornice or other strong horizontal design element dividing the first floor from the upper floors. They can have one or more storefronts built to the sidewalk. Nine commercial buildings in the survey area have been classified as One-Part Commercial Blocks. In Glen Ellyn s downtown, one-part commercial blocks range from 1890s buildings to 1950s, buildings, with the vast majority dating from the 1920s. Historic One-Part Commercial Blocks can lack a great degree of integrity if they have been altered, 550 Crescent since it is common to change the storefront details, configuration, and display windows of retail commercial structures. When commercial structures are two or more stories, an older historic character is often still evident on the upper floors. However, when the building is only one story, changing the first-floor storefront means substantially altering the entire front facade. Within the survey area, there are 24 One-Part Commercial Blocks, two of which (550 Crescent Street, and 486 Main Street) are rated significant and one ( Pennsylvania Avenue) that is rated potentially significant. Granacki Historic Consultants 2009

33 31 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL The modest Tudor-Revival-style One-Part Commercial Block at 550 Crescent was constructed in 1925, at the height of Glen Ellyn s commercial building boom. Its stucco exterior, side-gable roof and front gable over entry make it an unusual and charming example of the type. Another interesting iteration of the One-Part Commercial Block is the diminutive storefront at 486 N. Main Street. The angled storefront and unadorned stone above are typical of midcentury commercial designs. TWO-PART COMMERCIAL BLOCK According to Longstreth, the Two-Part Commercial Block is considered the most common type of commercial building in America. Found principally in small and moderate-sized communities between the 1850s and 1950s, the building is always a two- to four- 486 N. Main Street story building characterized by a horizontal division into two clearly separated zones. These zones reflect differences of use on the interior, with the ground-floor level possessing public places such as a store or lobby and the upper stories having the more private spaces of the building, including offices, living spaces, or a meeting hall. The upper stories often reflect domestic high-style architecture in ornamentation. A handsome late N. Main Street 19th-century Two-Part Commercial block that has retained a high degree of integrity is N. Main Street. This 1896 building features two highly-ornamented projecting second-story window bays with steeply pitched triangular pediments and a round arch center entry to the upper floor flanked by two storefronts. There are several fine examples of the Two-Part Commercial Block in the survey area, most dating from the 1920s. Of the 22 in the survey area, 536 Crescent Boulevard (1922); N. Main Street (1927); and N. Main Street (1898) are rated significant, and two the Glen Theatre at Crescent Boulevard (1926) and N. Main Street (1932) are potentially significant. The commercial block at N. Main Street dates N. Main Street from the 1890s, but underwent a radical remodeling in The Renaissance Revival façade remains today, with its tiled front roof and ogee arch center entry to the second story flanked by two storefronts Granacki Historic Consultants

34 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL 32 Nearly half of the Two-Part Commercial Blocks within the survey area were built during the 1920s, and a number of those feature Tudor Revival-style detailing. The best-known Tudor-Revival commercial building in the survey area is the Glen Theatre, located at Crescent Boulevard. Constructed in 1926, the theater features a decorative brick and half-timbered front gable theater entry bay and substantial stone surround at the second story entry. The marquee, although not original, is historic. ARCADED BLOCK Crescent Boulevard The Arcaded Block is characterized by a series of round arch openings (meant to evoke the loggias or arcaded porches popular in Renaissance Italy) evenly spaced along the principal facades of the building. Generally two to three stories tall, the Arcaded Block building usually exhibits Italian, French, or Classical ornamentation. The only example of the Arcaded Block is the the Glen Ellyn State Bank at Crescent Boulevard. This handsome structure anchors the corner of N. Main Street and Crescent Boulevard, and is one of the finest commercial buildings north of the railroad. The stone cladding and classicallyinspired round arches, pilasters, and rounded columns at the main entrance all lend an appropriate Crescent Boulevard sense of monumentality and security for this former bank building. Completed in just one month before the stock market crash in October of 1929, the bank was forced to close its doors in 1932, and re-opened as the Professional Arts Building. In addition to the Commercial Blocks, there are also 17 freestanding commercial buildings in the survey area, most of which are rated non-contributing. There is one freestanding commercial structure that is rated potentially significant the former Illinois Bell Telephone Company Building at 490 Pennsylvania Avenue. OTHER NON-RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS The Glen Ellyn North-Central survey area contains a number of other non-residential structures, including five churches, a former fire station and village hall, a Metra station, the current fire station, one school, and one post office. Granacki Historic Consultants 2009

35 Forest Avenue Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL Two of the survey area s churches the First Congregational Church of Glen Ellyn at 535 Forest Avenue and the First Church of Christ Scientist at 600 N. Main Street have been rated significant The First Congregational Church of Glen Ellyn is the Village s oldest church. The congregation moved to its present site at the northeast corner of Forest and Anthony in 1919, and built the front gable structure that is now at the east end of the current building. In 1928, the church building was expanded, with an elaborate Gothic- Revival addition to the west of the original building. The former Village Hall Building, located at Pennsylvania Avenue, consists of the original late 19th-century two-story brick structure at the east end connected to later one-story building constructed in the 1920s. The east building was converted into the Village s first fire station in the first decade of the 20th Century. Although the façade of the original Village Hall building has been substantially altered, the classically-inspired 1920s Village Hall remains essentially intact. A modern fire station was built east of the Village Hall complex at 524 Pennsylvania in Pennsylvania Avenue Also on Pennsylvania Avenue is the Glen Ellyn Post Office at 528 Pennsylvania Avenue. The simple brick structure was built in 1934 as part of the Works Progress Administration building program. The interior of the post office boasts a fine mural painted by muralist and sculptor Dan Rhodes. The mural, named The Settlers, was designated a local landmark. 528 Pennsylvania Avenue 2009 Granacki Historic Consultants

36 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL 34 RECOMMENDATIONS DESIGNATE BUILDINGS AS INDIVIDUAL LANDMARKS There are two choices for landmark designation: inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places and designation as a local Glen Ellyn landmark. Both types of designations, National Register and local, allow homeowners to participate in tax incentive programs. Owneroccupants of residential, one- to six-unit, designated landmark buildings or contributing buildings in a historic district may be eligible for a freeze on the assessed value of their property for up to 12 years. The freeze is available to any homeowner who spends 25% of the assessor s fair market value on a rehabilitation that meets the Secretary of the Interior Standards for Rehabilitation. Additional information is available from the Tax Incentives Manager at the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. The advantage of National Register listing is recognition and prestige for the community within the city itself and in the larger region. No protection against alteration or demolition is offered, however, with inclusion on the National Register. Two buildings within the survey area - Stacy s Tavern, located at 557 Geneva Road (1847), and The Alfred A. Schiller House, a Paul Schweikher-designed 1954 residence with Keck & Keck addition at 734 Lenox Road are already listed on the National Register. In addition, the survey area includes a National Register district of Main Street between Cottage and Hawthorne. The following six structures within the survey area are considered potentially eligible for individual listing on the National Register: Ward B. LeStage House, 570 Anthony Street, Queen Anne, 1893 First Congregational Church, 535 Forest Avenue, Gothic Revival, 1919 & 1928 F. E. Duggaw House, 727 Forest Avenue, Tudor Revival, Highland Avenue, Eastlake Queen Anne, Lenox Road, Tudor Revival, 1927 Lawrence C. Cooper House, 545 Park Boulevard, Queen Anne, 1892 The advantage of local designation is that the city has control over future alterations to a designated property through the permit review process. This can ensure that the character of a historic neighborhood and of individual significant structures remains consistent. Adjacent property owners are not harmed by inappropriate alterations to landmark properties around them. Most importantly, local designation can prevent demolition of designated structures. These advantages apply whether properties are individually listed as landmarks or are contributing buildings within historic districts. Within the combined survey area, 91 buildings were rated significant. All of the buildings ranked significant and not yet designated would be potential candidates for individual landmark designation as fine local examples of architectural styles. In addition to the significant-rated buildings, there are an additional 91 structures within the combined survey area that have been rated potentially significant. These buildings have been Granacki Historic Consultants 2009

37 35 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL singled out because they are excellent examples of a building type or style that have been too altered to be rated significant, but retain a relatively high degree of physical integrity; are typical and intact examples of a building type or style; or have possible historic significance. Many of these structures may also be considered for local landmark designation. In each case, the importance of the building must be weighed against the extent to which it has been altered and the feasibility of restoring historic materials and configurations. Alterations that warrant a PS rating can range from relatively minor modifications that are easily reversible, to more substantial changes. Minor or reversible alterations include: Replacement siding and other materials that are historically appropriate Aluminum or vinyl siding on façades, under eaves, or on dormers Enclosure of historic front or side porches Replacement windows with historically appropriate material and configuration Owners of potentially significant houses should be encouraged to reverse minor alterations like porch enclosures, exterior siding, and inappropriate window types and materials. If historic documentation exists, owners should also be encouraged to restore architectural elements or details that have been removed or replaced. If such improvements are made to a potentially significant building, its local rating may be elevated to significant. POTENTIAL AREAS FOR FUTURE SURVEY In order to fully assess the architectural resources of the Village of Glen Ellyn, further survey work is recommended. If the main objective of any future projects, as with the current survey project, remains to identify only individual properties that may be eligible for historic landmark designation, further reconnaissance survey would be the most efficient means of achieving that goal. As with the current survey, buildings that are rated significant or potentially significant could be more intensively surveyed and photographed. Based on the location of the completed survey areas, it is recommended that the area west of the North-Central survey area and south of the Glen Ellyn West survey area be surveyed next. This area is roughly bounded by Linden Street on the north, Hillside Avenue on the south, the village boundary on the west, and on the east by Western Avenue north of the railroad, and Park Boulevard south of the railroad. With the completion of the this survey, a comprehensive record of the architectural resources of most of the village north of the railroad and the central business district will be available to aid the Commission in preserving its most important buildings. Further survey work can then focus on the residential areas south of the railroad Granacki Historic Consultants

38 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL 36 CREDITS This report was prepared by Granacki Historic Consultants, 1105 West Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60642, under contract for the Village of Glen Ellyn. The individual data forms for each building surveyed are in binders on file with the Glen Ellyn Historic Preservation Commission located at 535 Duane Street, Glen Ellyn, IL Project staff included: Victoria Granacki, Project Director Lara Ramsey, Field Surveyor and Writer Greg Rainka, Field Surveyor Many thanks to all the members of the Glen Ellyn Historic Preservation Commission, particularly Lee Marks, Chairman. Thanks also to the Glen Ellyn Historical Society for their assistance with research for this project. This program receives federal financial assistance for identification and protection of historic properties. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended, the U.S. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, or disability or age in its federally assisted programs. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility as described above, or if you desire further information, please write to: Office for Equal Opportunity National Park Service P.O. Box Washington, DC or: Equal Employment Opportunity Officer Illinois Historic Preservation Agency One Old State Capitol Plaza Springfield, IL Granacki Historic Consultants 2009

39 37 BIBLIOGRAPHY Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL 1874 Atlas & History DuPage County, Illinois. Elgin, Illinois: Republished in 1975 by the DuPage County Historical Society. Before It s Too Late: Protecting the Character of Glen Ellyn. A Report by the Historic Preser vation Graduate Program at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. December DuPage County Plat Maps. Glen Ellyn Historical Sites Commission. National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form, Glen Ellyn Main Street Historic District. September 20, Glen Ellyn s Home Styles. Village of Glen Ellyn s Calendar and Resource Guide, Grossman, James R., Ann Durkin Keating, and Janice L. Reiff, ed. The Encyclopedia of Chi cago. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, McAlester, Virginia and Lee McAlester. A Field Guide to American Houses. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., Sanborn Map Company. Fire Insurance Maps of Glen Ellyn, IL. March 1919, September 1924, July 1929, July 1940, July 1940 corrected to Ward, Helen W. and Robert Chambers. Glen Ellyn, A Village Remembered. Glen Ellyn, IL: Glen Ellyn Historical Society, Ward, Russ. Glen Ellyn. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, Granacki Historic Consultants

40 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL 38 APPENDIX 1: EVALUATION CRITERIA Granacki Historic Consultants 2009

41 39 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL EVALUATION CRITERIA All principal buildings in the area surveyed were evaluated for local architectural significance using the following criteria. An "S" indicates that a building would be eligible for listing as an individual local landmark. A PS indicates a building that would be eligible for local landmark designation if inappropriate alterations were removed. "C" indicates that a building would be a contributing structure within any locally designated historic district and is generally more than 50 years old. The use of a significant (S) or potentially significant (PS) rating in this survey is a way of distinguishing from among historic buildings those that are exceptional. An "NC" is a building that would not contribute to the character of a local historic district because either it has been seriously altered from its original historic appearance or it was built after the time period of significance. Integrity, that is, the degree of original design and historic material remaining in place, was factored into the evaluation. No building was considered locally significant if it had more than minor alterations. Similarly, buildings that might otherwise be considered contributing because of age and historic style, but that have been greatly altered, were ranked as non-contributing. Buildings were evaluated primarily for their architectural significance, with historical significance, known in only a few cases, being a secondary consideration. It is possible that a building could be elevated to a locally significant ranking and thus considered for individual local landmark designation by the Historic Preservation Commission if additional historic research identifies an association with important historical figures or events. For some buildings whose significant historic features have been concealed or altered, they might also be re-ranked as locally significant if unsympathetic alterations are removed and significant historic features restored. All principal and secondary structures on a property were also analyzed for potential National Register listing. A "Y" (Yes) indicates that the surveyed building likely would be a good candidate for individual listing on the National Register (or, in some cases, has already been listed on the National Register). An "N" (No) indicates that it would not. Criteria refers to the National Register criteria that were considered. Only criterion C, architectural significance, was used in evaluating potential National Register eligibility. Criteria A and B, which refer to historical events and persons, were not considered. For the question of contributing to a National Register district, a "C" building would be a good contributing building in a National Register historic district. An "NC" building would not. Architectural integrity is evaluated by assessing what alterations to the original historic structure have occurred. Structures were considered unaltered if all or almost all of their historic features and materials were in place. Minor alterations were those considered by the field surveyor to be reversible. Generally, aluminum, vinyl, or other siding installed over original wood clapboard siding is considered a reversible alteration. Moderate alterations are those alterations considered by the field surveyor to be reversible but, when looked at together, are enough to possibly affect historic integrity. Major alterations include irreversible changes and additions Granacki Historic Consultants

42 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL 40 These include porches and other architectural detailing that have been completely removed and for which there appears to be no actual physical evidence to accurately reproduce them; window changes in which the original window opening size has been altered and there is no evidence of the original sash configuration and material; and large unsympathetic additions, visible from the street, that compromise the historic character of a house. NATIONAL REGISTER RATINGS A. INDIVIDUAL LISTING Must be a site, building, structure, or object that is at least 50 years old (unless it has achieved exceptional significance) and meets one of the following criteria: (a) be associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; (b) be associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or (c) be architecturally significant, that is, embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or represent the work of a master, or possess high artistic values. It must also possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association from the date of construction or period of significance. Age. Must have been built or standing during the period of historic significance or be at least 50 years old (built before 1959) Integrity. Any building that possesses enough integrity to still be identified with the period of historic significance. B. NON-CONTRIBUTING (NC) Age. Any building or secondary structure built after the period of significance or less than 50 years old (built in 1959 or later). Integrity. Any structure that has been so completely altered after the period of significance that it is no longer recognizable as historic. LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE RATINGS A. SIGNIFICANT (S) Age. There is no age limit, although if it is less than 50 years old (built in 1959 or later), it must be of exceptional importance. Architectural Merit. Must possess architectural distinction in one of the following areas: embodies the distinguishing characteristics of an architectural and/or landscape style; is identified as the work of a master builder, designer, architect, or landscape architect; has elements of design, detailing, materials, or craftsmanship that are significant; has design elements that make it structurally or architecturally innovative; or is a fine example of a Granacki Historic Consultants 2009

43 41 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL utilitarian structure with a high level of integrity. Any structure ranked significant automatically contributes to the character of a historic district. Integrity. Must have a high degree of integrity: most architectural detailing in place, no historic materials or details covered up, no modern siding materials, no unsympathetic and/or overpowering additions; only minor porch alterations permitted. In some rare cases, where a particular structure is one of the few examples of a particular style, more leniency in integrity was permitted. B. POTENTIALLY SIGNIFICANT (PS) Age. Must be at least 50 years old (built before 1959) unless it has achieved exceptional importance. Architectural Merit. Must possess architectural distinction in one of the following when compared with other buildings of its type: architectural style; work of a master builder or architect; exceptional craftsmanship; or architectural or structural innovation. Integrity. Must have a moderate degree of integrity; if it has been altered, it should be in ways that can be reversed: some architectural detailing in place so that missing exceptional features could be recreated; porch alterations are minor; and window changes should be reversible; no large, unsympathetic additions permitted. If the alterations are reversed (for example, siding is removed, or architectural detail is restored based on remaining physical evidence), it may be elevated to significant. In some cases of exceptional architectural or historical merit, side additions or permanent alterations were considered acceptable and the PS rating was assigned. C. CONTRIBUTING TO A HISTORIC DISTRICT (C) Age. Must be at least 50 years old (built before 1959). Architectural Merit. May fall into one of two groups: (a) does not necessarily possess individual distinction, but is a historic building (over 50 years old) with the characteristic stylistic design and details of its period; or (b) possesses the architectural distinction of a significant structure but has been altered. If the alterations are reversed (for example, siding is removed or architectural detail is restored based on remaining physical evidence), it may be elevated to significant. Integrity. May have a high degree of integrity, but be of a common design with no particular architectural distinction to set it apart from others of its type. May have moderate integrity: if it has been altered, it must be in some ways that can be reversed. Must possess at least one of the following: original wall treatment, original windows, interesting architectural detail, readily recognizable and distinctive historic massing. D. NON-CONTRIBUTING (NC) Age. Most buildings less than 50 years old (built in 1959 or later) Granacki Historic Consultants

44 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL 42 Integrity. Any building at least 50 years old whose integrity is so poor that most historic materials and details are missing or completely covered up or any building at least 50 years old that has unsympathetic alterations that greatly compromise its historic character. Poor integrity was present if most or all of these factors were missing: original shape, original wood siding, original windows (especially if window openings were also changed), and original architectural detail and trim. Granacki Historic Consultants 2009

45 43 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL APPENDIX 2: SURVEY FORM 2009 Granacki Historic Consultants

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49 47 Architectural Resources in the North-Central Survey Area, Glen Ellyn, IL APPENDIX 3: ILLUSTRATED LIST OF SIGNIFICANT AND POTENTIALLY SIGNIFICANT BUILDINGS 2009 Granacki Historic Consultants

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