PARKING ON MAIN STREET A Nuts & Bolts Primer

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1 PARKING ON MAIN STREET A Nuts & Bolts Primer Florida Main Street 2013 Conference, Sept. 19, Vilano Beach, FL Speaker: Keith Tianen, Principal, Downtown Solutions LLC

2 PARKING ON MAIN STREET: ANGLED

3 PARKING Angled parking on Main Street is golden. - John Edwards, P.E. Downtown Birmingham, MI

4 PARKING SUPPLY PARKING RATIO = Number of parking spaces per 1,000 SF of gross commercial floor area. PARKING RATIOS DIFFER with different business district settings: Successful downtown 2-3 spaces / 1000 SF Commercial strip 4-5 spaces / 1000 SF Regional mall 5-7 spaces / 1000 SF

5 PARKING SUPPLY Office TOTAL SPACES per 1,000 sf PARKING RATIOS ALSO DIFFER Restaurant Restaurant TOTAL SPACES per 1,000 sf Entertainment Office Entertainment 6 Noon 6 6 Noon 6 Exclusive Parking (Private) Shared Parking (Public)

6 WHEN PARKING LOTS FRONT MAIN STREET Existing retail linkages Block C Downtown Brighton, MI

7 WHEN PARKING LOTS FRONT MAIN STREET Projected linkages when 3 new retailers fill vacant/parking lots Block C

8 WHEN PARKING LOTS FRONT MAIN STREET Block C has high parking ratio but weak retail links

9 PARKING DEMAND

10 PARKING STUDY: Demand A parking demand study serves many purposes besides eliminating misinformation about parking: Create accurate base map. Inventory building floor space. Determine actual parking behavior: occupancy & turnover. Resolve local issues of supply & demand. Project future parking demand. Survey visitor attitudes about many downtown issues, not just parking. New management programs can solve parking problems. Identify weak demand areas, where new buildings can be constructed.

11 PARKING STUDY: Attitudes

12 PARKING ON-STREET Head-out angled parking: Seattle

13 ANGLED PARKING Head-out angled parking

14 ANGLED PARKING Head-out angled parking

15 PARKING DESIGN Parking Dimensions For Angled Parking

16 PARKING DESIGN Parking Lot Layouts (John Edwards)

17 PARKING Economic Cost of Excessive Parking Opportunity for New Building Per Parking Space (10 x20 + circulation) Per 1,000 square feet Area 350 sf 1,000 sf New Building Construction $125 / sf $125 /sf Market Value $43,750 $125,000 Taxable Value (50%) $21,875 $62,500 City millage Tax Revenue $493 $1,408

18 PARKING Economic Cost of 5% Underutilized Land Opportunity for New Building DDA District DDA Core Area Total Block Area 7,950,216 sf 1,279,666 sf 5% of Block Area 397,511 sf 63,983 sf New Building Construction $125 / sf $125 / sf Market Value $49,688,875 $7,997,875 Taxable Value (50%) $24,844,875 $3,998,937 City Tax Millage Annual Tax Revenue $559,795 $90,104

PARKING STUDY: Methodology Mapping: property & ROW lines Occupancy: survey hourly, by block & block-face; find peak hour(s) Turnover Parkers walk distance to destinations (employees vs.

19 PARKING STUDY: Methodology Mapping: property & ROW lines Occupancy: survey hourly, by block & block-face; find peak hour(s) Turnover Parkers walk distance to destinations (employees vs. shoppers) Survey attitudes about district Analysis of parking behavior Analysis of attitudes Define conditions & problems Anticipate future development & parking demand Analysis of land use Strategies for solving defined problems

20 PARKING STUDY: Inventory

21 PARKING STUDY: Occupancy

22 Milford Parking Study

23 Milford Study: Occupancy Peaks by Block PEAK HOUR OCCUPANCY between 8 AM to 7 PM CORE BLOCKS

24 Milford Study: Occupancy Peaks by Area PEAK HOUR OCCUPANCY between 8 AM to 7 PM CORE AREA

25 Milford Study: Occupancy Peak by District PEAK HOUR OCCUPANCY between 8 AM to 7 PM

26 Milford Parking Study: Occupancy Peak Times CORE AREA ALL PARKING FACILITIES Time of Peak Occupancy between 8 AM to 7 PM

27 Milford Study: Walking Distance from Car CORE BLOCKS

28 Milford Parking Study: Future Peak Needs CORE AREA

29 Milford Parking Study: Future Peak Needs CORE AREA

30 PARKING STUDY: Dexter

31 PARKING STUDY: Dexter

32 PARKING STUDY: Dexter Study result: site plan for new mixed-use building was approved & constructed

33 PARKING STUDY: Dexter Improved Zoning Ordinance = Redevelopment

34 PARKING: Dexter Parking Study Study result: DDA pre-developed an underutilized site

35 CLOSELY RELATED TO PARKING Traffic & Street Design Zoning & Building Placement

Speed (MPH) STREETS & TRAFFIC: Speed matters Speed-Flow Relationship 60 50 40 30 20 Maximum Volume

36 Speed (MPH) STREETS & TRAFFIC: Speed matters Speed-Flow Relationship Maximum Volume occurs at Miles Per Hour Hourly Vehicles Per Lane

37 DISTANCE (feet) STREETS & TRAFFIC: Speed matters Stopping Sight Distance SPEED (mph) Source: AASHTO Green Book

38 STREETS & TRAFFIC: Speed matters Misapplied left-turn warrant & taper (for 40 mph) eliminates opportunity for curb parking

39 TRAFFIC WARRANTS: Speed matters Left Turn Lane Warrant (Transportation Quarterly)

40 STREETS & TRAFFIC: Design Main Street Dimensions (Source: AASHTO Green Book)

41 STREETS & TRAFFIC: Design Main Street Dimensions (AASHTO Green Book)

42 STREETS & TRAFFIC: Design Main Street Dimensions (AASHTO Green Book)

43 STREETS & TRAFFIC: Design Effect of Curb Radii on Pedestrian Crossing Distance Curb Return Radius Added Crossing Distance Added Crossing Time 15 ft. 0 ft. 0 sec. 25 ft. 8 ft. 2 sec. 50 ft. 38 ft. 10 sec. Source: ITE

44 STREETS & TRAFFIC: Design Street Design Guidelines

45 STREETS & TRAFFIC: Design Traffic Calming & Design Flexibility: AASHTO, ITE, FHWA

46 ZONING & BUILDING PLACEMENT

47 ZONING & BUILDING PLACEMENT Conventional Suburban Development Traditional Town Center

48 ZONING & BUILDING PLACEMENT Suburban Trips: 3 Destinations, 6 ITE Trips

49 ZONING & BUILDING PLACEMENT Park-Once District: 3 destinations, 2 ITE trips Shop Office School Park Walk P Park Drive

50 ZONING & BUILDING PLACEMENT Warren Avenue, Dearborn, MI

51 ZONING & BUILDING PLACEMENT Desirable sidewalk activities often are restricted, or even prohibited, by the Zoning Ordinance

52 LESSONS $ / SF Most cost-effective improvements for business district are: parking system, street design, & zoning ordinance, which need not be expensive, nor cost anything at all to the Main Street organization.

53 THE END Keith Tianen, Principal Downtown Solutions LLC mobile

Section 1: US 19 Overlay District

Section 1: US 19 Overlay District Section 1.1 Intent and Purpose The purpose of the US Highway 19 Overlay District is to manage access to land development along US Highway 19 in a manner that preserves