Wilshire Boulevard Santa Monica, California City Landmark Assessment Report

Transcription

1 Santa Monica, California Evaluation Report Building Permit History City Directory Research Sanborn Maps Contemporary Photographs Historic Photographs Prepared for: City of Santa Monica Planning Division Prepared by: ICF International Los Angeles, California January 2013

2 City of Santa Monica APN: , City Landmark Assessment and Evaluation BACKGROUND INFORMATION Description of site or structure, note any major alterations and dates of alterations The current assessment involves two separate but adjacent parcels containing buildings with consistent massing, style, and architectural features, as well as sharing the same architect, builder, and owner. The primary difference relates to their dates of construction, which are only one year apart (1930 and 1931). As a result, it seems practical to refer to the two parcels as one property for purposes of this report (i.e Wilshire Boulevard), which is consistent with previous assessments. The west parcel is situated on the northeast corner of Wilshire Boulevard and 3 rd Street on Lot N ( Wilshire and rd Street) of Block 96 of the Town of Santa Monica tract in the City of Santa Monica. It has a rectangular footprint with 50 feet of Wilshire Boulevard frontage and 100 feet of 3 rd Street frontage. The building it contains was constructed in The east parcel consists of the combined Lots of M and Z2 ( Wilshire) with its building erected in 1931 and 100 feet of Wilshire Boulevard frontage. Together, the property consists of 100 feet of 3 rd Street frontage and 150 feet of Wilshire Boulevard frontage. The property is bordered on the north by a two-story commercial building and on the east by a narrow alley known as 3 rd Court. A large two-story commercial building erected in 1925 at 317 Wilshire Boulevard is just east of the alley. The subject property was previously identified and evaluated in the City s Historic Resources Inventory (1983) and given a National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) rating code of 5D indicating that it appears eligible for listing as a contributor to the historic district known as the Central Business District. In 1998, the City s Historic Resources Inventory Update of the Central Business District and The Third Street Promenade upgraded the property s significance, concluding that it appears individually eligible for listing as a Santa Monica Landmark as well as continuing to be a contributor to the locally eligible Central Business District (a 5B1 NRHP status code). The property was evaluated yet again in 2006 as part of the North of Wilshire Boulevard Historic Resources Survey Update receiving a California Historic Resource Status Code (CHRC) of 5B, which is the status code previously assigned as 5B1 prior to Description. Originally two separate buildings erected in 1930 and 1931 that are now considered one building, the one-story Art Deco style commercial property consists of three distinct elements. Sanborn maps, aerial maps, and visual inspection reveal a corner retail space capped by a wood truss roof with a Wilshire Boulevard address, a much larger retail space with a twin wood truss roof ( Wilshire Boulevard, page 1

3 currently divided into three retail stores), and a modest retail space with a flat roof and a Third Street address (that is currently utilized by the retail store). Of reinforced concrete construction, all of these spaces are united by the same Art Deco design of which the most distinctive architectural feature is a prominent parapet with zigzag coping highlighted by four-panel bas-reliefs that repeat along the length of the west and south elevations. In particular, the parapet expresses a verticality that is typical of the Art Deco style. Three of the panels are of stylized plant forms with a forth featuring a spray of fleur de lis. Narrow stepped mullions separate each panel beneath which are small clerestory windows (many of which have been infilled or painted). The building s south elevation is segmented into three wide bays each divided by tall engaged stepped pilasters that rise above the parapet. The center bay is higher than the flanking bays, emphasizing the stepped theme of the entire composition. Between the clerestory windows and the storefronts, a wide plaster band with canvas awnings creates the illusion of a second story. The storefronts themselves are contemporary with metalframed plate glass or multi-pane glazing and single or double-door glazed entrances. Most of the storefronts have recessed entries typical of 1930s commercial buildings. The west elevation consists of three different-sized bays of equal height of which the north bay features a storefront of translucent contemporary glazing and an unused entrance sheltered by a canvas awning. The center bay along this elevation is without fenestration while the south storefront bay consists of multi-pane glazing with a canvas awning. Building Permits. Original building permits on file with the City indicate that a commercial retail building with Wilshire Boulevard and rd Street addresses was erected in 1930 for owner O&F Thum Properties. The building s architect was Irvin Goodfellow with C.W. Wilson and Sons serving as the subject property s Los Angeles-based builder. The following year, in 1931, building permits show that the same team of owner, architect, and builder were responsible for the construction of an adjacent retail building with a Wilshire Boulevard address. It can be surmised that the success of the original building as a leased commercial property led the owner to commission the construction of the adjacent building one year later. Clearly, it was the owner s intent to create the appearance of a single building, which was accomplished by having the two buildings physically connect without a visible seam. Building permits further reveal that Thum Properties continued to own the building until at least Visual inspection and a review of building permits confirm that all of the property s storefronts and a number of its clerestories have been altered since originally constructed, with numerous interior modifications typical of commercial retail buildings made over the years. Sign permits show that a wide variety of metal neon signs have been attached to, and removed from, the property since its construction in the 1930s. The most prominent was a very large sign installed in 1967 for the Riviera Sofa Company that covered the entire façade above the storefronts from the property s northeast corner to the middle of the building. The sign was apparently removed in the 1980s. According to building permits, the property s storefronts were modified in 1958, 1961, 1979, 1999, and Yet, the property s overall integrity of location, design, setting, materials, page 2

4 workmanship, feeling and association appears to be high despite the change in the building s storefronts. Statement of Architectural Significance The subject property located at is an excellent local example of the Art Deco style as applied to a commercial retail building of the early 1930s. The Art Deco style was introduced at the 1925 Exposition des Arts Decoratifs in Paris. Although the United States did not participate, the Exposition s influence impacted building designs across the country through the end of the Great Depression of the 1930s. The Art Deco style advocated the extensive use of applied decoration, in contrast to the Modernist Movement, which used abstraction instead of decoration. Art Deco designers believed that the applied decoration should be new in form, reflecting the character of the 20th century, rather than be based on classical precedent. The style was a "modernization" of many artistic styles and themes from the past. Stylized elements of Eastern, Egyptian and Mayan influence were common. Also commonplace was ornamentation mirroring machine and automobile patterns and shapes, such as stylized gears and wheels, as well as natural elements such as sunbursts and flowers. Simple geographic forms with a strong vertical emphasis characterize most Art Deco buildings. This verticality is accomplished through the use of pyramidal or stepped roofs, towers, tall pylons, façade stepbacks, pilasters, fluted piers, and elongated windows. The style often features zigzag or chevron geometric patterns and exterior surfaces clad in tile or glazed terra cotta. A characteristic feature of the style found in the subject property is the stylized bas-relief parapet with zigzag coping that distinguishes the façade. Art Deco buildings sometimes incorporate newer materials in their construction and design, including aluminum and plate glass. The subject property is an excellent example of the Art Deco style within the City of Santa Monica that displays key signature features of the idiom in its architectural design and composition. Specifically, the building s zigzag parapet, stepped pilasters, pronounced vertical emphasis, multiple bays, and decorative bas-relief panels are indicative of the style. Although only one story in height, the style s characteristic verticality is expressed through stepped pilasters and the central bay that rises above the building s flanking bays. With its location on the northeast corner of 3 rd Street and Wilshire Boulevard, the building prominently stands out at the Central Business District s northern boundary. The Art Deco idiom was a popular expression of American commercial architecture through the late-1920s until approximately the middle of the 1930s. In addition to the subject property, good local examples also include the commercial building at Montana Avenue that was constructed in 1930, the Bay Cities Guaranty Building (221 Santa Monica Boulevard) of 1931, and the Wilshire Theatre (1316 Wilshire Boulevard) that was erected in page 3

5 Statement of Historical Importance In 1875, the original townsite of Santa Monica was surveyed, including all the land extending from Colorado Street on the south to Montana on the north, and from 26 th Street on the east to the Pacific Ocean on the west. Between 1893 and the 1920s, the community was a popular tourist attraction. Those areas just outside of the incorporated city limits were semi-rural in setting and were populated with scattered residences. Concurrent with the rapid and widespread adoption of the automobile in Southern California in the 1920s, Santa Monica experienced a significant building boom with homes being constructed in the tracts north of Montana and east of Seventh Street for year-round residents. Development of the Central Business District The subject property is located on the northeast corner of 3 rd Street and Wilshire Boulevard, which is near the northwest boundary of the City of Santa Monica s Central Business District. This commercial area is roughly bounded by Wilshire Boulevard to the north, 2 nd Street to the west, Colorado Avenue/Santa Monica Freeway to the south, and 4 th Street (south of Santa Monica Boulevard) and 7 th Street (north of Santa Monica Boulevard) to the east. Most buildings are commercial in function, with a small scattering of residential properties and churches. Utilizing Sanborn maps from 1918, 1935, 1938 and 1950 a clear pattern of commercial development can be discerned. The Central Business District emerged early in the history of Santa Monica as the location of commercial businesses catering to both local residents and the City s many visitors. By 1918, 2 nd Street, the oldest commercial street in Santa Monica, was improved with numerous one- and two-story businesses from the north end of Colorado Boulevard to Santa Monica Boulevard. The same stretch of 3 rd Street was also commercial by Utah Avenue (renamed Broadway) from Ocean Avenue to 4 th Street was similarly improved with commercial buildings. Notably, in 1918, the two blocks between Santa Monica Boulevard and where the subject property would be erected fronting Wilshire Boulevard 12 years later were primarily residential with a sprinkling of churches, the Academy of the Holy Names at rd Street, and the Santa Monica Bay Women s Club at th Street. Of the two subject parcels, the west (corner) parcel was vacant in 1918 while the east parcel was occupied by a one-story house. The parcels to the south, west, north and east also contained dwellings. The real estate and economic boom of the 1920s in Southern California affected Santa Monica by increasing its resident and tourist population, which energized the commercial growth of the Central Business District. Between 1918 and 1935, when the subsequent Sanborn map was produced, 3 rd Street from Colorado to Arizona avenues supplanted 2 nd Street as the City s principal commercial thoroughfare. However, the block between Arizona Avenue and Wilshire Boulevard remained mostly residential in Fourth Street between Wilshire Boulevard and Colorado Avenue evolved from a primarily residential neighborhood at the turn-of-the-century to a predominantly commercial area by page 4

6 During the same period, Wilshire Boulevard in the vicinity of the subject property became increasingly business-oriented with the construction of one- and two-story commercial buildings that replaced vacant parcels or earlier dwellings. In 1925, a large two-story Spanish Colonial Revival style commercial building at 317 Wilshire Boulevard was erected just east of the still-residential subject property (see historic photo on page 32). Across the street on the south side of Wilshire Boulevard from the subject property, a lovely Churrigueresque style building designed by master architect Paul R. Williams appeared in A sprawling automobile service station and repair facility (since demolished) was built west of the subject property on the northwest corner of Wilshire Boulevard and 3 rd Street in the 1920s. It was not until that the subject Art Deco style commercial buildings at were erected on the northeast corner of Wilshire and 3 rd. By 1938, Sanborn maps reveal that a large Streamline Moderne commercial building had been built on the southeast corner of Wilshire and 3 rd. It would not be until 1949 that the remaining corner of the block would be improved with the Late Moderne style J.C. Penney department store. 2 The 1950 Sanborn maps depict the many commercial buildings that replaced the dwellings that had existed on 3 rd Street to Wilshire Boulevard in Third Street remained a key commercial street in the postwar period with a three-block stretch closed to vehicular traffic and converted into a pedestrian shopping mall in In contrast, in 1950, 2 nd Street between Arizona Avenue and Wilshire Boulevard still retained most of the residential properties shown in the 1938 Sanborn maps. The area north of the subject property remained (and remains) almost exclusively residential through To summarize, in 1918, the commercial development of Santa Monica was concentrated along 2 nd and 3 rd streets from Utah Avenue (now Broadway) to Santa Monica Boulevard. In the 1920s through 1935, commercial growth occurred along 3 rd Street, 4 th Street, and areas further east, and portions of Wilshire Boulevard in the vicinity of the subject property. When the subject property was erected in , it was one of many commercial buildings of relatively similar size and height appearing in the Central Business District at that time. As such, separate from its Art Deco design, the subject property did not stand out as an unusual addition to a commercial district that had expanded north to Wilshire Boulevard by the time of the building s construction. City Directory Research The city directory indicates that the property owner, O & F Thum Properties, was the real estate business of Otto and Francis A. Thum of Los Angeles with their office located at nd Street in Santa Monica. Irving Goodfellow, the subject property s architect, and his wife Fannie resided at 950 Euclid in Santa Monica. His architectural office was at 610 Santa Monica Boulevard in the City. There was no entry for C.W. Wilson and Sons in the local directories. The Thums appear again in the 1933 and Known as the Edwin Building at 312 Wilshire Boulevard, it was designated a Santa Monica Landmark in The J.C. Penny Building at 1202 Wilshire Boulevard was evaluated for Landmark eligibility in page 5

7 City Directories; however, they are absent from the 1938 edition and available subsequent editions. After 1931, there are no further entries for the Goodfellows in Santa Monica. From 1931 through the early 1960s the property s retail spaces were occupied by a wide variety of tenants (see City Directory Research). These included the Albert Sheetz Confectionary (later the Albert Sheetz Mission Candy Company) that remained at the same location until at least 1954, a bakery, cleaners, clothing stores, the Wilshire Cafeteria, a gift shop, tailor, beauty shop, an optometrist, meat shop, florist, drug store, Denise s Bra and Corset Shop (later the Lov-E Brassiere Shop), a shoe store, photographer, and a branch of the Huddle Restaurant chain. 3 The tenant with the longest history with the property was the Maher Music Company that appeared in the 1936 City Directory at 313 Wilshire Boulevard and was still operating through at least The building continues to operate as a commercial retail building with several tenants. Person(s) of Historical Importance No information regarding original property owners Otto and Francis A. Thum was located during the current survey process. Similarly, no information about architect Irving Goodfellow or his professional practice was found after consulting numerous possible sources, including the historical Los Angeles Times online archive, the Santa Monica Index, and the American Institute of Architects Directory, among others. In contrast, current research revealed that the builder of the subject property, C.W. Wilson and Sons of Los Angeles, was a moderately well known construction firm. The company was established by Charles W. Wilson following his arrival in Southern California from Ontario, Canada in 1901, at the age of 32. In 1932, one year after constructing the subject property s east building, Mr. Wilson founded the K.W. Corporation, an investment firm. Of the builder s known extant work it appears that the Clock Market erected in 1929 at 8423 Wilshire Boulevard in Beverly Hills (now Beverly Hills Porsche) is the most celebrated as perhaps the last remaining drive-in market building on Wilshire Boulevard. 4 Newspaper advertisements from the 1930s indicate that C.W. Wilson and Sons solicited property owners to hire the company to construct modest dwellings with the pre-designed plans provided by the builder. Nonetheless, the current survey did not uncover evidence suggesting that C.W. Wilson and Sons was a prominent builder in comparison with others working in decades prior to World War II in Santa Monica. 3 The California Index shows that as of 1925, candy maker Albert Sheetz Products was located at 5761 Santa Monica Boulevard in Los Angeles. A building permit issued in 1945 indicates that the company s headquarters had moved to 5755 Santa Monica Boulevard in Los Angeles. Therefore, it appears that its Wilshire Boulevard location was a retail branch of the Los Angeles-based business. 4 Los Angeles Conservancy, Curating the City: Wilshire Boulevard page 6

8 Statement of other significance The property does appear to meet criteria for high aesthetic or artistic value as it is defined in the National Register Bulletin: How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation. The property fully articulates the design principles associated with a particular concept of design, the Art Deco Style, in its overall form and architectural elements. Specifically, the building s stepped pilasters, raised central bay, and its zigzag parapet coping epitomize the design principles of the Art Deco style. In particular, the building s series of stylized parapet bas relief panels in their high quality of artistic design and overall prominence make the subject property one of the best examples of the Art Deco style in Santa Monica. Is the structure representative of a style in the City that is no longer prevalent? In Santa Monica the Art Deco architectural style is relatively uncommon and generally applied to commercial buildings versus residential properties. Based upon a windshield survey conducted during the current survey process it appears that there are approximately 15 Art Deco-influenced commercial and residential buildings in the City, including the subject property (see Table 1), with the greatest concentration in the downtown commercial core. Of these buildings, many incorporate only a modest number of the style s character-defining features, most commonly the use of stepped or fluted pilasters that rise above a zigzag parapet. In contrast, the subject property is highly representative of the Art Deco style in its incorporation of numerous characteristic architectural elements of the style. Does the structure contribute to a potential historic district? The subject property is located within the boundaries of the previously identified locally eligible Central Business District. A windshield survey identified approximately 69 contributing structures in the district, including the subject property, with boundaries roughly defined by Wilshire Boulevard to the north, 2 nd Street to the west, Colorado Avenue/Santa Monica Freeway to the south, and 4 th Street (south of Santa Monica Boulevard) and 7 th Street (north of Santa Monica Boulevard) to the east. The subject property continues to be an important contributor to the Central Business District as an extant physical reminder of an early 1930s commercial building designed in the Art Deco style within downtown Santa Monica. CONCLUSION In summary, based on current research and the above assessment, the property located at Wilshire Boulevard appears to meet many of the City of Santa Monica s Landmark Criteria. The property was evaluated according to statutory criteria as follows: page 7

9 Landmark Criteria: (a)(1) It exemplifies, symbolizes, or manifests elements of the cultural, social, economic, political or architectural history of the City. The subject property is an excellent example of the Art Deco architectural style as applied to a commercial building constructed in Santa Monica during the early 1930s. In addition, the property exhibits a substantial degree of architectural integrity in its design, workmanship, and materials to manifest the architectural history of the City of Santa Monica in the era in which it was built. Further, its presence is a prominent physical reminder of the commercial development of Wilshire Boulevard at 3 rd Street in the early 1930s. Therefore, the subject property appears to satisfy this criterion (a)(2) It has aesthetic or artistic interest or value, or other noteworthy interest or value. The subject property is aesthetically pleasing in its siting, decorative details, and form. Given its wide half-block massing situated at the northeast corner of Wilshire Boulevard and 3 rd Street, the building announces itself with its striking bas-relief zigzag parapet. As previously described, the subject property so fully articulates the key design elements associated with the Art Deco style that it expresses an aesthetic ideal of the style. Therefore, as an excellent local example of the Art Deco style as applied to a commercial building, the subject property possesses sufficient aesthetic and artistic value necessary for designation under this criterion (a)(3) It is identified with historic personages or with important events in local, state or national history. Current research did not reveal that the property at is associated with any historic personages or with important events in local, state, or national history. In particular, no evidence was discovered to indicate that property owners Otto and Francis A. Thum or any of the property s tenants were important to the City s history. Therefore, the subject property does not appear eligible for local landmark designation under this criterion (a)(4) It embodies distinguishing architectural characteristics valuable to a study of a period, style, method of construction, or the use of indigenous materials or craftsmanship, or is a unique or rare example of an architectural design, detail or historical type valuable to such a study. The subject property appears to meet this criterion as a highly refined example of a commercial retail building inspired by the Art Deco architectural style. The property fully embodies a number of distinguishing architectural characteristics of the style including its vertical emphasis utilizing stepped pilasters and a raised center bay, its zigzag parapet coping, and, most significantly, the profusion of large bas-relief panels depicting stylized floral forms that grace the parapet across the entire composition. Given the rarity of Art Deco buildings in the City, particularly ones page 8

10 that rise to the high aesthetic level of the subject property, the alterations to the building s storefronts do not materially impact the overall integrity of the subject property. Therefore, it can be concluded that the building is valuable to a study of the architectural history of the early 1930s in Santa Monica and the Art Deco style as applied to a commercial property (a)(5) It is a significant or a representative example of the work or product of a notable builder, designer or architect. Subject property architect Irving Goodfellow s portfolio of work is not documented in any of the publications reviewed during the current survey process. As a result, it cannot be concluded that Goodfellow was a notable architect practicing in Santa Monica or the Greater Los Angeles area. In addition, builder C.W. Wilson and Sons was not identified through current research as being especially notable amongst the firm s many peers. Therefore, the subject property does not appear eligible for local landmark designation under this criterion (a)(6) It has a unique location, a singular physical characteristic, or is an established and familiar visual feature of a neighborhood, community or the City. Because Wilshire Boulevard is a highly traveled thoroughfare in the City s Central Business District the subject property s prominence as a well executed architectural design and style makes it an established feature within the district. In particular, the subject property is visible by pedestrians and automobiles approaching the site from virtually every direction both historically and today. In addition, the building is located near the northwestern terminus of the Central Business District and the north entrance to the popular 3 rd Street Promenade. Therefore, as an established and familiar visual feature of the City that continues to maintain a strong physical presence at its corner location, the subject property appears eligible for local landmark designation under this criterion. page 9

11 Table 1 ART DECO BUILDINGS IN SANTA MONICA Address Name Type Year Comment Built rd Street Retail store 1938 Moderate integrity rd Street Retail store 1930 Good integrity th Street Apartments 1930 Excellent example th Street Retail store 1931 Good integrity th Street Retail store 1929 Moderate integrity th Street Retail store 1929 Minimal Art Deco features th Street Retail store 1929 Good integrity th Street Lido Hotel Mixed use 1931 Very good example th Street High rise 1937 Minimal Art Deco features office bldg 1444 Lincoln Boulevard Retail store 1936 Minimal Art Deco features 1611 Montana Avenue Retail store 1930 Good example 177 Pier Avenue Enterprise Fish Co. Restaurant Ca building modified with Art Deco façade 221 Santa Monica Bay Cities Guaranty Office bldg 1931 Excellent example Boulevard Wilshire Boulevard Retail store 1931 Subject property. Excellent example with high integrity 1316 Wilshire Boulevard Wilshire Theatre Theatre 1930 Excellent example page 10

12 Table 2 CITY DIRECTORY RESEARCH rd Street APN: , Year Wilshire Boulevard 301: Sheetz, Albert Confectionary 303: Vacant 305: Vacant Entry 3 rd Street 1151: Vacant 1933 Wilshire Boulevard 301: Sheetz, Albert Confectionary 303: Ahrens Brothers Bakers 305: Taylor, W.J. Clothes Cleaners 311: Montgomery, Irving Women s Clothing 315: Wilshire Cafeteria 3 rd Street 1151: No listing 1153: Vacant 1936 Wilshire Boulevard 301: Sheetz, Albert Confectionary 303: Vacant 305: Ryan, Maryellen Mrs. Gifts 311: Montgomery, Irving Women s Clothing 313: Maher Music Company 315: Wilshire Cafeteria 3 rd Street 1151: Sulten, M.W. Tailor 1153: Ellington, Eva D. Beauty Shop 1938 Wilshire Boulevard 301: Sheets [sic], Albert Confectionary 303: White, J.P. Gifts 305: Ryan, M.E. Mrs. Gifts 307: Stone, Ernest Optomotrist 309: Goldberg, J.S. Women s Clothing 311: Stone, Florence Mrs. Dry Goods 313: Maher, D.W.J. Musical Merchandise 315: Wilshire Cafeteria 3 rd Street 1151: Sulten, M.W. Tailor 1153: Ellington, Eva D. Beauty Shop page 11

13 1940 Wilshire Boulevard 301: Sheetz, Albert Confectionary 303: Hansen, D.M. Gifts 305: Vacant 307: Vacant 309: Wheeler, Russell Meats 311: Stone, Florence Mrs. Dry Goods 313: Maher, D.W.J. Musical Merchandise 315: Mapes, S.L. Shoe Store 3 rd Street 1151: Sulten, M.W. Tailor 1153: Ellington, Eva D. Beauty Shop Wilshire Boulevard 301: Sheetz, Albert Mission Candy Company 303: No listing 305: No listing 307: Horton & Converse Drugs 309: Walker, S.C. Mrs. Florist 311: Smith, L.W. Women s Clothing 313: Maher Music Company 315: Arbeck, David Restaurant 3 rd Street 1151: Sulten, M.W. Tailor 1153: No listing Wilshire Boulevard 301: Sheetz, Albert Mission Candy Company 303: No listing 305: No listing 307: Horton & Converse Drugs 309: Denise s Bra & Corset Shop 311: Smith, L.W. Women s Clothing 313: Maher Music Company 315: Green s Children s Shoe Store 317: Atkinson, Tom R. Photographs 3 rd Street 1151: Sulten, M.W. Tailor 1153: No listing 1954 Wilshire Boulevard 301: Sheetz, Albert Mission Candy Company 303: No listing 305: No listing 307: Vacant 309: Lov-E Brassiere Shop 311: Hadley s Fashions Women s Clothing 313: Maher Music Company 315: No listing 317: Atkinson, Tom R. Photographs 3 rd Street 1151: Sulten, M.W. Cleaners & Dyers 1153: No listing page 12

14 Wilshire Boulevard 301: Huddle Restaurant 303: No listing 305: No listing 307: Polynesian Traders Ltd. 309: Hill-Thompson Beauty Salon 311: No listing 313: Maher Music Company 315: No listing 317: Atkinson, Tom R. Photographs 3 rd Street 1151: Sulten, M.W. Cleaners & Dyers 1153: No listing Wilshire Boulevard 301: Huddle Restaurant 303: No listing 305: No listing 307: No listing 309: Hill-Thompson Beauty Salon 311: No listing 313: Maher Music Company 315: No listing 317: Atkinson, Tom R. Photographs 3 rd Street 1151: James Cleaners 1153: No listing page 13

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY Basten, Fred E. Santa Monica Bay The First 100 Years. Publishers, Los Angeles: Douglas-West Basten, Fred E. Santa Monica Bay: Paradise By the Sea. Santa Monica: Hennessey + Ingalls, City of Santa Monica. Existing Conditions Report, prepared by Historic Resources Group and ICF Jones & Stokes, City of Santa Monica Planning and Community Development Department. Historic Resources Inventory Update, September 30, 1995: Final Report. City of Santa Monica Planning and Community Development Department. Historic Resources Inventory Update for the Central Business District and Third Street Promenade, April 12, 1998: Final Report. City of Santa Monica Building and Safety Department. Building Permits. City of Santa Monica Building and Safety Department. Santa Monica Historic Resources Inventory, : Final Report. Gebhard, David and Robert Winter. Architecture in Los Angeles. Salt Lake City, Utah: Peregrine Smith Books, Gebhard, David and Robert Winter. An Architectural Guidebook to Los Angeles. Salt Lake City, Utah: Gibbs Smith Publishers, Gleye, Paul. The Architecture of Los Angeles. Los Angeles: Rosebud Books, Koyl, George S., ed. American Architects Directory: New York: R.R. Bowker Company, Los Angeles County Tax Assessor s Information. Los Angeles Public Library. On-line Database: California Index. Los Angeles Times. Display Ad 40 No Title February 16, 1936, p. E4. Los Angeles Times. Charles W. Wilson, 82, Pioneer Builder, Dies December 16, 1951, p. A9. McAlester, Virginia & Lee. A Field Guide to American Houses. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, page 14

16 National Park Service. National Register Bulletin: How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation. Washington DC: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Interagency Resources Division, Polk s City Directories, City of Santa Monica. Robinson, B.A. The Church of Christ, Scientist (Christian Science). Robinson, W.W. Santa Monica: A Calendar of Events in the Making of a City. California Title Insurance and Trust Company, Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps, City of Santa Monica. 1918, 1930, 1935, Santa Monica Public Library. On-line Historical and Image Archives. Storrs, Les. Santa Monica, Portrait of a City, Santa Monica: Santa Monica Bank, Ward, Elva. Building a City: Life in Santa Monica From A Social Studies Resource Reader for Third Grade. Santa Monica: Santa Monica Unified School District, Warren, Charles S. ed. History of the Santa Monica Bay Region. Santa Monica: Cawston, Warren, Charles S. ed. Santa Monica Blue Book. Santa Monica: Cawston, Warren, Charles S. ed. Santa Monica Community Book. Santa Monica: Cawston, Whiffen, Marcus. American Architecture Since 1780: A Guide to the Styles. Cambridge: MIT Press, page 15

17 SANBORN MAPS page 16

18 Sanborn Map 1918 page 17

19 Sanborn Map 1935 page 18

20 Sanborn Map 1938 page 19

21 Sanborn Map 1950 page 20

22 Color Key for Sanborn Maps page 21

23 CONTEMORARY PHOTOGRAPHS page 22

24 Primary (south and west) elevations, looking northeast. Context view, looking east from Wilshire Boulevard at intersection of 3 rd Street. (subject property) is to the left. page 23

25 Context view, looking west from Wilshire Boulevard. (subject property) is to the far right. Primary (south) elevation, looking northwest. page 24

26 Primary (south) elevation looking north. Primary (west) elevation looking east. page 25

27 3 rd Court looking north. East elevation looking west from 3 rd Court. page 26

28 Rear (east and north) elevations, looking west rd Street storefront, looking east. page 27

29 Bas-relief panels, west elevation. Bas-relief panel detail, south elevation. page 28

30 317 Wilshire Boulevard Storefront, looking northeast. 313 Wilshire Boulevard Storefront, looking northwest. page 29

31 309 Wilshire Boulevard Storefront, looking northeast. 301 Wilshire Boulevard Storefront, looking northwest. page 30

32 HISTORIC PHOTOGRAPHS page 31

33 Wilshire Boulevard, looking toward the northwest corner of Wilshire Boulevard and 4 th Street, adjacent to (east of) subject property. Note the trees on the subject property to the west (circa 1927) Source: Santa Monica Public Library Image Archives page 32

34 Corner of 3 rd and Broadway, looking north on 3 rd Street (circa 1927) Source: Santa Monica Public Library Image Archives page 33

35 Corner of 3 rd and Broadway, looking north on 3 rd Street (circa 1927) Source: Santa Monica Public Library Image Archives page 34

36 4 th and Santa Monica Boulevard, looking south on 4 th Street (circa 1928) Source: Santa Monica Public Library Image Archives page 35

37 Corner of 3 rd Street and Santa Monica Boulevard, looking northeast on 3 rd Street (circa 1927) Source: Santa Monica Public Library Image Archives page 36

38 225 Santa Monica Boulevard (between 2 nd and 3 rd Streets), Bay Cities Guaranty Building (circa 1929) Source: Santa Monica Public Library Image Archives page 37