ARCH 414: Perspectives in the History and Theory of Architecture 2 units Fall 2016 Tuesday 10:00-11:50 Watt 212

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1 ARCH 414: Perspectives in the History and Theory of Architecture 2 units Fall 2016 Tuesday 10:00-11:50 Watt 212 Professor: Vittoria Di Palma Office: 324 Watt Hall Office Hours: Monday/Wednesday 9:00-10:00, and by appointment Modern Architecture in Theory This course examines and interrogates the concept of Modernism by focusing on a select number of key texts. Rather than offering a survey of the Modern Movement, this course looks closely at the writings produced by some of its central figures, including Adolf Loos, Antonio Sant'Elia, Bruno Taut, Walter Gropius, and Le Corbusier, as well as some of its earliest challengers. Themes and topics addressed include definitions of modernism and avant-garde; art, craft, and industry; new materials such as iron, glass, and concrete; the question of ornament; the modern metropolis; and the modern landscape.

2 Grading: Attendance and Participation: 10% Reading Responses: 10% Class Presentation: 10% Final Presentation: 15% Final Paper: 55% Attendance and Participation: Students are required to attend each class and to complete the required reading assigned before each class session. Readings will be available in the library or posted on Blackboard. Reading Responses: For each class session, students will be expected to submit a brief (1 page) commentary that responds to the required readings. This should take the form of an analytical summary that briefly summarizes the main point of each reading. The reading responses are to be submitted electronically on Blackboard, and are due no later than midnight on the day before each class meeting. No late reading responses will be accepted. In-class Presentation Each student will be responsible for a 10-minute in-class presentation. Presentations will be on a case study building or project related to the readings. Students will choose a case study during the first week of classes. Final Presentation: The last two class sessions (November 24 and December 1) will be devoted to final presentations. Each student will give a minute oral presentation (with powerpoint) of the argument of his or her final paper. Final Paper: The final paper (10 pages) will be due on Tuesday, December 15 no later than 5 p.m., and is to be handed in to the main office (204 Watt Hall). A one-page paper proposal and a short bibliography are due in class on October 25. No late work is accepted--i.e. no partial credit will be given for work that is turned in late. Being absent on a day that an exam, presentation, paper, or final is held or due can lead to a student receiving an "F" for that assignment. The School of Architecture's attendance policy allows a student to miss the equivalent of one week of class sessions (in our case, that means one class session) without penalty. If additional absences are required for medical reasons or a family emergency, a pre-approved academic reason, or religious observance, the situation should be discussed, in advance if possible, with me. For each absence above this number, the final grade may be lowered by 1/3 point (i.e. from A to A- for one unexcused absence, from A- to B+ for two; from B+ to B for three, etc.). Any student not in class after the first 10 minutes is considered to be tardy. Three tardys constitute one unexcused absence. Students who are physically present but mentally absent (whether because they are asleep, or distracted by technology) will be marked as absent. Leaving class before it ends, or taking an extended bathroom or water break that lasts 1/3 of the class time or longer, will be considered an unexcused absence.

3 Course Overview August 23 Introduction August 30 Modern, Modernism, Modernity September 6 Manifesto September 13 Modern Materials September 20 Ornament September 27 Expressionism October 4 Craft October 11 Towards an Architecture October 18 Urbanism October 25 Metropolis **Paper proposal + bibliography due** November 1 Metropolis II November 8 Modern Landscapes November 15 CIAM and Team X November 22 Final Presentations November 29 Final Presentations December 13 FINAL PAPER DUE Weekly Topics and Reading Assignments August 23 Introduction August 30 Modern, Modernism, Modernity Charles Baudelaire, "The Painter of Modern Life," [1863] The Painter of Modern Life and Other Essays, translated and edited by Jonathan Mayne (London: Phaidon Press, 1964): 1-15; Georg Simmel, "The Metropolis and Mental Life," [1903] The Blackwell City Reader, eds. Gary Bridge and Sophie Watson (Oxford: Wiley Blackwell, 2002) September 6 Manifesto Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, The Futurist Manifesto [1909] in Futurism: An Anthology, edited by Lawrence Rainey, Christine Poggi, and Laura Wittman (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009): Antonio Sant'Elia, "Futurist Architecture" [1914], in Futurism: An Anthology, edited by Lawrence Rainy, Christine Poggi, and Laura Wittman (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009):

4 Umberto Boccioni, States of Mind: The Farewells, Those Who Go, Those Who Stay, 1911 Umberto Boccioni, Development of a Bottle in Space, 1912 Umberto Boccioni, The City Rises, 1910 Giacomo Balla, Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash, 1912 Antonio Sant'Elia, Railway Station, Milan, project, 1912 Antonio Sant'Elia, Building projects, power stations Antonio Sant'Elia, La Città Nuova, 1914 (various images) September 13 Modern Materials Sigfried Giedion, Building in France, Building in Iron, Building in Ferro-Concrete [1928], Introduction by Sokratis Georgiadis, translation by J. Duncan Berry (Santa Monica: The Getty Center, 1995): Tony Garnier, Une cité industrielle (1904; published 1917) (images) August and Gustave Perret, 25 bis rue Franklin, Paris, August and Gustave Perret, Garage Ponthieu, Paris, August and Gustave Perret, Notre-Dame de la Consolation, Le Raincy, Tony Garnier, Slaughterhouse, Lyons, 1909 Tony Garnier, Gerland Stadium, Lyons, 1916 September 20 Ornament Owen Jones, The Grammar of Ornament (London: 1856): 15-22; William Morris, "The Arts and Crafts of To-day," [1889] in The Theory of Decorative Art: An Anthology of European and American Writings, , edited by Isabelle Frank, with translations by David Britt (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000): Frank Lloyd Wright, "The Art and Craft of the Machine" [1901] in Frank: Adolf Loos, "Ornament and Crime" [1908] in Ulrich Conrads, Programs and Manifestoes on 20th-Century Architecture (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1971): Le Corbusier, The Decorative Art of Today [1925] in Frank: William Morris and Philip Webb, Red House, Bexley Heath, 1860 Charles & Henry Greene, Gamble House, Pasadena, 1908 Frank Lloyd Wright, Robie House, Chicago, 1910 Adolf Loos, Villa Müller, Prague,

5 September 27 Expressionism Paul Scheerbart, "Glass Architecture," [1914] in Conrads, Bruno Taut, The City Crown [1919], translated and edited by Matthew Mindrup and Ulrike Altenmüller-Lewis (Ashgate: 2015): Bruno Taut, Glass Pavilion, Werkbund Exhibition, Cologne, 1914 Bruno Taut, Alpine Architecture [1917] (various images) Bruno Taut, The City Crown [1919] (various images) Bruno Taut, Die Auflosung der Stadte, 1920 (various images) October 4 Craft Hermann Muthesius, "Aims of the Werkbund," [1911], The Industrial Design Reader, edited by Carma Gorman (New York: Allworth Press: 2003): Hermann Muthesius and Henry van de Velde, "Statements from the Werkbund Conference of 1914" in Gorman, Walter Gropius, "Programme of the Staatliches Bauhaus in Weimar," [1919], Conrads, Oskar Schlemmer, "Manifesto for the First Bauhaus Exhibition," [1923], Conrads, Walter Gropius, "Principles of Bauhaus Production," [Dessau] [1926], Conrads, Peter Behrens, AEG Turbine Factory, Berlin, Walter Gropius and Adolf Meyer, Fagus Factory, Alfeld-an-der-Leine, 1911 Walter Gropius and Adolf Meyer, Werkbund Exhibition Pavilion, Cologne, 1914 Lyonel Feininger, Bauhaus Manifesto, title page, 1919 Marcel Breuer, Wassily Chair, 1925 Walter Gropius, Bauhaus Building, Dessau, 1926 October 11 Towards an Architecture Le Corbusier, Vers une architecture, [1923], translated as Towards a New Architecture by Frederick Etchells (New York: Dover, 1986) Le Corbusier, Still Life (1920) [MoMA] Le Corbusier, Villa La Roche-Jeanneret, Paris, 1923 Le Corbusier, Ozenfant Studio, Paris, 1926 Le Corbusier, Villa Stein de Monzie, Garches, 1928 Le Corbusier, Villa Savoye, Poissy, R. Buckminster Fuller, Dymaxion House, 1929

6 October 18 Urbanism Le Corbusier, Urbanisme [1929], translated as The City of To-morrow and its Planning by Frederick Etchells (New York: Dover, 1987) Le Corbusier, Une Ville Contemporaine, 1922 Le Corbusier, Immeubles-Villas, 1922, 1925 Le Corbusier, Pavillon de L'Esprit Nouveau, 1925 Le Corbusier, Plan Voisin, 1925 Le Corbusier, Housing Estate, Pessac, 1925 Le Corbusier, Single House/Double House, Weissenhofsiedlung, Stuttgart, 1927 October 25 Metropolis **Paper proposal + bibliography due** Film Screening: Fritz Lang, Metropolis (1927) November 1 Metropolis II Ludwig Hilberseimer, "Metropolisarchitecture," [1927] Metropolisarchitecture and Selected Essays, edited by Richard Anderson (New York: GSAPP Books/Columbia University, 2012): Ludwig Hilberseimer, High-Rise City [1924] (various images) Mies van der Rohe, Glass skyscraper project, 1922 Mies van der Rohe, Friedrichstrasse Skyscraper competition, 1921 Mies van der Rohe, Concrete Office Building project, 1923 November 8 Modern Landscapes James C. Rose, Freedom in the Garden [1938], Plants Dictate Garden Forms [1938], and Articulate Form in Landscape Design [1939], reprinted in Marc Treib (ed.), Modern Landscape Architecture: A Critical Review (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1992: 68-71; 72; Christopher Tunnard, Modern Garden for Modern Houses: Reflections on Current Trends in Landscape Architecture, [1942] Marc Treib (ed.), Modern Landscape Architecture: A Critical Review (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1992): Garret Eckbo, Why Now, What is Landscape Design, History and The Question of Theory, Landscape for Living (California: Hennessey + Ingalls, 2002 [1950]): 1-4, 5-9, 10-11, 57-60

7 Gabriel Guévrékian, Villa Noailles garden, Hyères, 1928 Le Corbusier, penthouse for Charles de Beistegui, Paris, Christopher Tunnard and Serge Chermayeff, Bentley Wood house, Halland, Sussex, UK, Christopher Tunnard, St. Anne s Hill, Chertsey, Surrey, UK Roberto Burle Marx, Luiz Cezar Fernandes Garden, Rio de Janeiro, 1948 Thomas Church, Donnell Garden, Sonoma, CA 1948 Garrett Eckbo, Alcoa Forecast Garden (Eckbo residence), Los Angeles, CA, 1952 November 15 CIAM and Team X "The Declaration of La Sarraz," [1928] Conrads, "The Athens Charter," [1933], Conrads, "Reaffirmation of the Aims of CIAM," [1947] in Joan Ockman and Edward Eigen, Architecture Culture (New York: Columbia Books of Architecture/Rizzoli International Publications, 1993): "Doorn Manifesto" [1954] in Ockman, pp The Team 10 Primer, edited by Alison Smithson. London: Studio Vista, 1968: 48-55; 74-83; Le Corbusier, Ville Radieuse, 1930/1933 Le Corbusier, Unité d'habitation, Marseilles, Le Corbusier, Chandigarh, Lúcio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer, Brasilia, Alison and Peter Smithson, Golden Lane project, 1952 Alison and Peter Smithson, Robin Hood Gardens, Denys Lasdun, Cluster Block, Claredale Street, Bethnal Green, London, 1954 November 22 November 29 December 13 Final Presentations Final Presentations FINAL PAPER DUE Academic Conduct USC seeks to maintain an optimal learning environment. General principles of academic honesty include the concept of respect for the intellectual property of others, the expectation that individual work will be submitted unless otherwise allowed by an instructor, and the obligations both to protect one s own academic work from misuse by others as well as to avoid using another s work as one s own. All students are expected to understand and abide by these principles. Plagiarism presenting someone else s ideas as your own, either verbatim or recast in your own words is a serious academic offense with serious consequences. Please familiarize

8 yourself with the discussion of plagiarism in SCampus in Section 11, Behavior Violating University Standards. Other forms of academic dishonesty are equally unacceptable. See additional information in SCampus and university policies on scientific misconduct. Discrimination, sexual assault, and harassment are not tolerated by the university. You are encouraged to report any incidents to the Office of Equity and Diversity or to the Department of Public Safety This is important for the safety whole USC community. Another member of the university community such as a friend, classmate, advisor, or faculty member can help initiate the report, or can initiate the report on behalf of another person. The Center for Women and Men provides 24/7 confidential support, and the sexual assault resource center webpage sarc@usc.edu describes reporting options and other resources. Support Systems A number of USC s schools provide support for students who need help with scholarly writing. Check with your advisor or program staff to find out more. Students whose primary language is not English should check with the American Language Institute which sponsors courses and workshops specifically for international graduate students. The Office of Disability Services and Programs certification for students with disabilities and helps arrange the relevant accommodations. If an officially declared emergency makes travel to campus infeasible, USC Emergency Information provide safety and other updates, including ways in which instruction will be continued by means of blackboard, teleconferencing, and other technology. Religious Holidays The University recognizes the diversity of our community and the potential for conflicts involving academic activities and personal religious observation. The university provides a guide to such observances for reference and suggests that any concerns about lack of attendance or inability to participate fully in the course activity be fully aired at the start of the term. As a general principle students should be excused from class for these events if properly documented and if provisions can be made to accommodate the absence and make up the lost work. Constraints on participation that conflict with adequate participation in the course and cannot be resolved to the satisfaction of the faculty and the student need to be identified prior to the drop add date for registration. After the drop add date the University and the School of Architecture shall be the sole arbiter of what constitutes appropriate attendance and participation in a given course. Any student concerned about missing class for a recognized religious holiday should bring this matter up with your instructor at the start of the semester. A list of recognized religious holidays may be found at:

9 Bibliography Charles Baudelaire, The Painter of Modern Life and Other Essays, translated and edited by Jonathan Mayne. London: Phaidon Press, 1964 The Blackwell City Reader, eds. Gary Bridge and Sophie Watson (Oxford: Wiley Blackwell, 2002 Calinescu, Matei. Five Faces of Modernity: Modernism, Avant-Garde, Decadence, Kitsch, Postmodernism. Durham: Duke University Press, 1996 Conrads, Ulrich (ed.). Programs and Manifestoes on 20th-Century Architecture (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1971 Caroline Constant, The Modern Architectural Landscape. Minneapolis: Minnesota University Press, 2012 Crystal Chain Letters: Architectural Fantasies by Bruno Taut and his Circle, edited and translated by Iain Boyd White (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1985 Fishman, Robert. Urban Utopias in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1982 Frampton, Kenneth. Modern Architecture, A Critical History. New York: Oxford University Press, Revised edition, 1985 Isabelle Frank, (ed). The Theory of Decorative Art: An Anthology of European and American Writings, , with translations by David Britt (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000 Tony Garnier, Une cité industrielle (1904) Sigfried Giedion, Building in France, Building in Iron, Building in Ferro-Concrete [1928], Introduction by Sokratis Georgiadis, translation by J. Duncan Berry. Santa Monica: The Getty Center, 1995 Gorman, Carma (ed.). The Industrial Design Reader, (New York: Allworth Press: 2003 Ludwig Hilberseimer, "Metropolisarchitecture," [1927] Metropolisarchitecture and Selected Essays, edited by Richard Anderson. New York: GSAPP Books/Columbia University, 2012 Henry Russell Hitchcock, Contemporary Landscape Architecture and Its Sources. San Francisco: San Francisco Museum of Art, 1937 Henry-Russell Hitchcock, and Philip Johnson. The International Style. New York, Norton paperback edition, first printed 1966, with new introduction and reprinted articles by Hitchcock and Johnson. Henry Russell Hitchcock, Modern Architecture: Romanticism and Reintegration [1929], reprint New York: Da Capo Press, 1993 Dorothée Imbert, The Modernist Garden in France. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993 Owen Jones, The Grammar of Ornament. London: 1856 Le Corbusier, The Decorative Art of Today. Paris: 1925

10 Le Corbusier, Oeuvre complète. 8 volumes. Zurich: Le Corbusier, Urbanisme [1929], translated as The City of To-morrow and its Planning by Frederick Etchells. New York: Dover, 1987 Le Corbusier, Vers une architecture, [1923], translated as Towards a New Architecture by Frederick Etchells. New York: Dover, 1986 Loos, Adolf. Spoken into the Void, Collected Essays Cambridge: MIT Press, 1982 Nikolaus Pevsner, Pioneers of Modern Design from William Morris to Walter Gropius. [1936] New York: Penguin paperback, 1960 Richard Pommer, and Christian Otto. The Weissenhof 1927 and the Modern Movement in Architecture. Chicago, 1991 Rainey, Lawrence, Christine Poggi, and Laura Wittman (eds.). Futurism: An Anthology. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009 Bruno Taut, The City Crown [1919], translated and edited by Matthew Mindrup and Ulrike Altenmüller- Lewis (Ashgate: 2015) Bruno Taut, Alpine Architecture [1917] Christopher Tunnard, Gardens in the Modern Landscape. London: Architectural Press, 1948 [1938] Peter Walker, Invisible Gardens: The Search for Modernism in the American Landscape. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1994