Architecture in Altanta

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1 Architecture in Altanta Style Atlanta, a city in forefront. Studying the skyscrapers of Atlanta, districts and inluent architects. Urban Planning Two different visions. Roads, blocks and transit, a diferent approach between Georgia and France? The job of an Architect Facing challenges. Interview of an architect and teacher in Architecture at Georgia Tech. REMY Mikael - June 2018

SUMMARY Page 02 Page 12 Style. Urban Planning. Page 16 Job of an Architect. Architecture in Atlanta This project is about describing the architecture in Atlanta, through 3 big themes.

3 SUMMARY Page 02 Page 12 Style. Urban Planning. Page 16 Job of an Architect. Architecture in Atlanta This project is about describing the architecture in Atlanta, through 3 big themes. Firstly, studying the architectural styles in Atlanta and some buildings of the city, talking about their history, their styles and the architects who created them. Then, we will see the Urban Planiication in Atlanta/Georgia and how it is diferent in France. And inally, the job of an architect in Atlanta, his tastes and his point of view about architecture in Atlanta. Credits zone REMY Mikael Photos of buildings and landscape : REMY Mikael I wanna thank my awesome host family who helped me a lot to make this project, taking me to Atlanta and helping me to meet people like an architect and teacher in architecture. And who made me discover America and the american culture.

02 STYLE. Atlanta is well known to be in the forefront of architectural innovations, but is also one of the irst cities to have displayed new architectural styles.

4 02 STYLE. Atlanta is well known to be in the forefront of architectural innovations, but is also one of the irst cities to have displayed new architectural styles. The city's unique history and culture sets this city apart from others. For example, Atlanta's railroad system has had a lasting impact on the layout and the design of the city. Georgia was looking to establish itself as the southern headquarters for many businesses which they did. As a result, the state has had to expand and alter it's structural design to meet the demands of it's growing economy and population. During the 80s, the city was one of the irsts to adopt post-modern designs and many of it's skyscrapers were built at that time as the SunTrust Plaza. Buildings like the Bank of America Plaza, the Westin plaza or the King & Queen Buildings are known around the world for their originality or their importance.

5 03 Downtown Midtown Downtown is the historic center of the city and is also the central business district. It is composed of many buildings and skyscrapers that are occupied by privates and publics business oices. This district aims to attract companies headquarters but tourists too. In fact, most of the touristic attractions of the city, like the Centennial Olympic park, the Georgia Aquarium and the World of Coca-Cola are located downtown. Midtown was a residential district that experienced a large scale commercial and economical growth in the late 70s due to the construction of Colony Square and the MARTA Subway. It is now the second business district after downtown with the presence of big companies Headquarters like Coca- Cola. This district is also known as "The Heart of the Arts" in Atlanta because of the large presence of cultural attractions such as the Fox Theatre, Atlanta's Symphony Orchestra or the High Museum of Arts.

04 Bank of America Plaza Atlanta's highest building and one of the tallest across the United States. Built in 1992, the construction took 14 months although it's a 312m (1,023ft) building.

6 04 Bank of America Plaza Atlanta's highest building and one of the tallest across the United States. Built in 1992, the construction took 14 months although it's a 312m (1,023ft) building. This skyscraper is dominating the skyline of Atlanta and can be seen all around the city. The Bank of America Plaza was designed in a Art Deco style by Roche-Dinkeloo, an architectural irm founded in 1966 in Hamden, Connecticut that also designed big projects like the Shiodome City Center in Tokyo or the SEC headquarters in Washington D.C.

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06 101 Marietta Also known as the Centennial Tower, this building is located in downtown within a walking distance to the Centennial Olympic Park.

8 Marietta Also known as the Centennial Tower, this building is located in downtown within a walking distance to the Centennial Olympic Park. This 140m (460ft) buidling was built in 1975 and completely renovated in 1999, it is now owned by The Diwleg Companies, a real estate investment irm. The building interior was recently renovated by Perkins+Will, a famous architectural irm who designed the front lobby, winner of the Georgia Merit Award in Interiors.

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08 Westin Peachtree Plaza This 220m (723ft) skyscraper is one of the tallest hotels in the world (it opened as the tallest) and is owned by Westin Hotels.

10 08 Westin Peachtree Plaza This 220m (723ft) skyscraper is one of the tallest hotels in the world (it opened as the tallest) and is owned by Westin Hotels. Built in 1976, the building was designed by John Portman, a very famous architect from Atlanta who also designed the Mariott hotel and the Hyatt Regency in Atlanta. 191 Peachtree Tower Winner of the BOMA Building of the Year Awards 3 times, this tower was Atlanta's major business address until This is a 235m (771ft) postmodern tower designed by Johnson/Burgee and Kendall/ Heaton architectural irms built in 1991.

09 Concourse at Landmark center Most commonly known as the King and Queen Towers, theses 174m (570ft) and 169m (553ft) buildings were built in 1988 and 1991.

11 09 Concourse at Landmark center Most commonly known as the King and Queen Towers, theses 174m (570ft) and 169m (553ft) buildings were built in 1988 and They are located in Sandy Springs, GA, part of Atlanta's metropolitan area and are the tallest suburban buildings of the United States and are owned by Building and Land Technology. They were designed by tvsdesign, a worldrenowned architectural irm from Atlanta who also designed huge projects like the Georgia Dome, the Mercedes-Benz Stadium and the Galaxy Mall in Tianjin, China.

10 Georgia Paciic Tower Located in Downtown, the GP tower is 212m (697ft) tall and was the second tallest building in the city when it was built in 1982.

12 10 Georgia Paciic Tower Located in Downtown, the GP tower is 212m (697ft) tall and was the second tallest building in the city when it was built in (now the 6th) Georgia Paciic is a pulp and paper irm based in Atlanta and one of the biggest around the world, now owned by Koch Industries. This skyscraper was designed in a modern architectural style by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, an architectural irm who also designed the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, known as the world tallest skyscraper and the One World Trade Center in New York City.

11 The Equitable Building The Equitable Building, also known as 100 Peachtree is a 138m (453ft) tall oice building located at the heart of downtown.

13 11 The Equitable Building The Equitable Building, also known as 100 Peachtree is a 138m (453ft) tall oice building located at the heart of downtown. Constructed in 1968 for the Equitable Life Insurance Company, the building was sold in 1997 but kept his "Equitable" glowing sign. Skidmore, Owings & Merrill designed this building too but in an International architectural style. The glowing sign will probably be replaced soon with the Georgia's Own Credit Union logo.

14 12 Coca-Cola headquarters Home of the Coca-Cola Company in Midtown, close to the World of Coca-Cola and Georgia Tech. Coca-Cola, founded in Atlanta in 1886, is one of the most inluent companies around the world. One Coca-Cola Plaza This modernist, 123m (403ft) tall, building was achieved in 1980 and designed by FABRAP architects, an architectural irm now owned by Rosser International.

15 13 Atlanta's 1996 Olympic Village Now a part of Georgia Tech's campus, the Olympic Village was constructed in order to host the olympic athletes during the Olympic Games of 1996 The village is composed of 6 buildings destined to host thousands of people.

16 14 URBAN PLANNING. The American Urban Planning has some notables diferences with it's French counterpart. In the irst place, in France, public transportation is holding a big place in urban planning, bus, train, tramway, velib and co. are very common while, in America, having a car is absolutely required if you live outiside the city and need to move. Also, because of this public transportation politic, cars are being forbidden in more and more city centers, according more space for pedestrians. To continue, we can talk about the fact that the American cities have a tendency to grow taller with buildings, skyscrapers and diferents sorts of tall constructions. On the other hand, the french cities are growing larger for the most of them. I think personnally that the American way seems more logical, buildings are taking less land for the same result in term of space, are attracting tourists and raising the price of the real estate around them. Blocks American cities are recognizable as they're composed of square blocks. While french cities are very sinuous, their American counterpart seems very well organized as we can see on this map of Atlanta. We can explain this by the fact that the american cities were built really fast and that the lands were sold square by square.

15 Roads Cars are the most common mode of transportation in Georgia. Commuters dependent on cars to get around. As a result, Atlanta has some of the worst traic in the country.

17 15 Roads Cars are the most common mode of transportation in Georgia. Commuters dependent on cars to get around. As a result, Atlanta has some of the worst traic in the country. The Georgia Department of Transportation continuously maintains and improves the roads to manage traic in and around the city. For example, they have expanded the city's major highways, added more lanes and implemented the new Peach Pass system. This big diference between French and American urban planning is also because of the big car culture in America. In this picture, we can see that the roads have up to 4 lanes on each side in the suburb of Atlanta. This is something uncommon in France where roads typically have up to 2 lanes on each side. American roads are also wider because of the presence of larger vehicles like big SUV's.

16 Neighborhoods In America, houses are organized by neighborhoods also known as subdivisions unlike France where houses are

The size and style of the homes are unique to the area.

very look alike in their neighborhoods whereas the houses in France are built one by one.

18 16 Neighborhoods In America, houses are organized by neighborhoods also known as subdivisions unlike France where houses are organized by street. A subdivision is a group of enclosed residential streets with a light traic. The size and style of the homes are unique to the area. In Georgia, architects are designing the entire neighborhoods before the construction begins, this explains why the houses are very look alike in their neighborhoods whereas the houses in France are built one by one. While you can have shops, oices and houses in the same street in France. American subdivisions are more regulated and are almost only residential. Neighborhoods are the archetypal American streets with very well-organized and symmetrical houses, sidewalks, trees, etc.

17 Urban Vegetaion Also called "The City in a Forest", Atlanta is one of the greenest cities in the United States

Atlanta is covered by trees with more than 350 parks, trees are also put everywhere in the urban design.

19 17 Urban Vegetaion Also called "The City in a Forest", Atlanta is one of the greenest cities in the United States because of it's native forest and it's urban planning. Trees are dominant in Atlanta's landscape. Atlanta is covered by trees with more than 350 parks, trees are also put everywhere in the urban design. The forest is envelopping the city all around and the man infrastructures, giving a very diferent look with other big cities. It is explained by the fact that the city leaders wants to increase the tree canopy to 50% of the land in the city (actually around 36%). This big vegetation helps depolluing the air but also cooling the sidewalks and buildings during summer.

20 18 THE JOB OF AN ARCHITECT. George Johnston Professor of Architecture at Georgia Tech and principal of the Johnston+Dumais architectural irm. George has a 35 years experience as an architect and is the writter from Drafting Culture : A Social History of Architectural Graphic Standards, an award winning book from The MIT Press. I went to Georgia Tech, College of Architecture in order to meet George Barnett Johnston, a well known architect, teacher, cultural historian and writter. Asking him questions about his career, his point of view about French and American architecture but also about the architecture in Atlanta.

21 19 CAREER STYLES Question: For how long have you been a teacher in architecture? Answer: For over 30 years. Q: Is it a passion for you? A: Yeah, i mean architecture in the irst case inspires a lot of passion and teaching is the other thing. Working with people and try to take all the challenges of design is very engaging. Q: Why did you chose to become a teacher? A: I probably always liked school, i mean, it's not that i didn't liked the world outside of school, it's just that i always enjoyed school and interacting with people. Q: What is your favorite architectural style? A: That's tough, i have a lot of things that i like, i mean, i love walking through baroque churches in Italy and the ancient Roman ruins. I love thick walls and gothic churches too. To say only one particular building is tough for me because i feel like i experienced a lot of them.

20 FRENCH ARCHITECTURE ATLANTA Q: What do you think about the French architecture in general? A: I have a very high opinion of french architecture.

22 20 FRENCH ARCHITECTURE ATLANTA Q: What do you think about the French architecture in general? A: I have a very high opinion of french architecture. There's a strong relationship between French architecture and the way architectural education was established in the United States because of the Ecole Des Beaux-Arts. Some of the earliest American individual architects studied in Paris and then came back to the U.S. they had an ideal about what the profession in the U.S. could be, based upon their experience in France. Q: What do you think are the bigger diferences between French and American architecture? A: There's a big vision of how the architecture is an expression of the French culture. In the U.S., i dont think it's so strong, the buildings are constructed under european and asian inluences and the result is a kind of american architecture but i don't think that the architects are thinking "We're trying to do American architecture". Q: What is your favorite building in Atlanta? A: If you were asking me what i would recommend you to see, we could start making a list. I think you have to go see the High Museum of Arts, designed by Richard Meier and Renzo Piano. INNOVATION Q: Do you think that Atlanta is in forefront in term of architectural innovations? A: That's a good question, there are couple ways you can talk about that. John Portman who died recently, was one that, in the 1970's, had an idea that was not very popular which was that the architects could be their own client and, at the time, that was seen as almost unethical but it came as a new standard. There is other individuals that are less recognized who tried to advance alternative ways for architects joining with builders instead of being separate with builders. This tendency where architects and builders are combined again in partnerships to deliver projects in new ways might realize kind of better eiciency. In that way there're things happening that are innovative. In term of design, i think you have to look harder, ther're some individual irms here who're doing very innovative work like Mack Scogin Merrill Elam Architects.

JOB CREATION. JOBS ADDED IN METRO ATLANTA 220k JOB GROWTH N 1 2X THE NATIONAL AVERAGE AMONG TOP 10 U.S. METROS SINCE 2014

JOB CREATION. JOBS ADDED IN METRO ATLANTA 220k JOB GROWTH N 1 2X THE NATIONAL AVERAGE AMONG TOP 10 U.S. METROS SINCE 2014 JOB CREATION o N 1 AMONG TOP 10 U.S. METROS JOB GROWTH 9% 2X THE NATIONAL AVERAGE JOBS ADDED IN METRO ATLANTA 220k SINCE 2014 MIDTOWN METRO AREA 9th 8th LARGEST IN U.S. (2015) LARGEST IN U.S. (2020) POPULATION