Summer Skills Course in Archaeology:

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2 Course instructors and contacts: Stephan Zink ETH Zurich lead instructor Institute for Historic Building Research and Conservation Summer Skills Course in Archaeology: Documentation and Analysis of Ancient Buildings Architectural remains represent the largest and most conspicuous body of material evidence for the study of Antiquity. Specific techniques of documentation and architectural representation are necessary to capture Jens Pflug ETH Zurich instructor Institute for Historic Building Research and Conservation this evidence in plans and sections. Rather than the representation of a built reality, however, this architectural documentation is the product of individual observations and choices, as well as specific representational techniques. The buildings themselves are also far from unambiguous; Kimberly Bowes American Academy in Rome AAR Director kimberly.bowes@aarome.org Monica Ceci Soprintendenza ai Beni Culturali di Roma Capitale cooperating partner monica.ceci@comune.roma.it they are fragmented and highly modified artifacts, which saw significant structural and material changes throughout their lifetime. Modern restoration and conservation measures add yet another level of complexity. This three-week summer course is designed to introduce students of different backgrounds to the documentation, analysis, and interpretation of ancient architecture. The course evolves around three didactic modules: during fieldwork at a Roman temple (the so-called Temple A at Largo Argentina), students learn how to carry out architectural plans and sections of a complex site, using a combination of digital surveying (tachymetry) and hand drawing. A series of classroom lectures deal with the basic principles of ancient design and construction knowledge, theoretical and methodological questions of architectural documentation, and the development of this discipline since the Renaissance. Field trips to architectural sites in and around Rome will provide an occasion to study different examples of ancient construction techniques and their modern preservation and presentation. The goal of this course is to create an awareness of both the potential and the problems that are involved in using architectural remains as historical evidence. The ruin of the so called Temple-A at the Largo Argentina in Rome; its multiple construction phases range from a 3rd century BC Roman temple to an 18th century Christian church.

3 Course Program 2014 Tue, June 3 rd 16:00 Meeting of all course participants in the courtyard of the AAR 17:00 AAR 2014 Reunion Reception (Bass Garden) Wed, June 4 th 7:30 14:00 Fieldwork, Temple A/Largo Argentina 15:00 15:00 AAR tour with Gianpaolo Battaglia (AAR Executive Secretary) 16:30 18:30 Lecture: Bauforschung what is it and why do we still do it? 19:30 Communal dinner (restaurant) Th, June 5 th 7:30 13:30 Fieldwork 15:00 16:00 AAR library tour with Sebastian Hierl (Librarian of the Arthur & Janet C. Ross Library) 17:00 18:30 Lecture: L Area Sacra di Largo Argentina (Monica Ceci, Sovrintendenza Capitolina Roma) Fr, June 6 th 7:30 14:30 Fieldwork 16:30 18:30 Lecture: Histories of architectural documentation and interpretation 19:30 Communal dinner (restaurant) Sa, June 7 th 7:30 14:30 Fieldwork 15:30 17:00 Site visit: Pantheon Mon, June 9 th 7:00 13:30 Fieldwork 16: Lecture: Techniques of documentation and representation Tue, June 10 th 8: Site visit: Forum Romanum and Basilica Aemilia, with Klaus Stefan Freyberger (DAI Rome) 13:00 17:00 Fieldwork Wed, June 11 th 7:00 12:00 Fieldwork 13: Site visit: brickwork construction at Portus, Evelyne Bukowiecki (Topoi Berlin, Ecole Française de Rome) 20:00 Communal dinner (AAR) Th, June 12 th 7:00 13:30 Fieldwork 16:00 18:00 Site visit: Colosseum, with Heinz Beste (DAI Rome) Fr, June 13 th 7:00 13:30 Fieldwork 16: Preliminary critique of drawings 19:00 Communal dinner (AAR) Sa, June 14 th 7:00 15:00 Fieldwork Mon, June 16 th 7:00 13:00 Fieldwork 16: Lecture: Graphic reconstructions and 3D visualizations Tue, June 17 th 7:00 17:00 Fieldwork Wed, June 18 th 7:00 13:30 Fieldwork 16: Final critique of drawings 20:00 Communal dinner (AAR) Th, June 19 th 8:00-11:30 Site visit: The Palatine - House of Augustus, Casa dei Grifi, Imperial Palaces/Domus Augustana 13:00 17:00 Fieldwork Fr, June 20 th 7:00 13:30 Fieldwork 15:00 18:00 Setting up final presentation of drawings in AAR Studio :00 Final exhibition in AAR Studio :00 Communal dinner (AAR) Sa, June 21 st 8:30 12:00 Fieldwork and clearance of the site 19:00 Farewell dinner and drinks

4 Measuring and drawing by hand Students producing accurate pencil drawings with low-tech tools such as strings, tape measures, plumbs, water levels, and iron squares. This centuries-old technique remains fundamental for understanding the basic principles of any method of architectural documentation, even digital measuring. Section through a column with plan view of the temple podium; original scale 1:20. This pencil drawing was produced with manual techniques (drawing: Benjamin M. Crowther and Martín R. García).

5 Digital measuring Graduate students Julia Kress (left) and Joanna Mundy (right) using a laser-geared tachymeter with a laptop that immediately shows the measured points in a digital drawing. Elevation view of a fluted column; original scale 1:20. A traditional pencil drawing also is the final outcome of digital documentation (drawing: Benjamin M. Crowther and Martín R. García).

6 Combining digital and manual A digital drawing produced with the tachymeter is the preparative stage for an accurate pencil drawing (measurements: Lucrezia Campana and Philip Katz). The same drawing after its transferal into a pencil drawing with added details; original scale 1:20. The process of drawing by hand is crucial, as it leads to a systematic observation and close analysis of the object (drawing: Lucrezia Campana and Philip Katz).

7 Documenting architectural members Graduate students Christopher Hayward (left) and Daniel Schneider (right) documenting the temple s cornice fragments in hand drawings with a set of iron squares and tape measures. Architectural members such as these contain important information for the reconstruction of the temple s elevation. Pencil drawing of a cornice fragment in a multiview orthographic projection; original scale 1:5. The careful differentiation of the surfaces reflect observations on tool marks and bearing surfaces, which help determining the original position of the piece (drawing: Daniel Schneider).

8 Classroom lectures Site visits Example from a lecture on both modern and historical techniques of architectural documentation as well as their methodological implications for analysis and visualization. The 2014-group at the Forum Romanum discussing the architecture of the Basilica Aemilia s earliest phase with Klaus Stefan Freyberger from the German Archaeological Institute in Rome.

9 Final presentation The final presentation of the drawings at the American Academy in Rome. Creatively curated by the students, this public mostra also displayed the field work tools as well as the enlarged drawing of a column in scale 1:2 it was almost 4 meters high.

10 Feedback This course has helped me understand how I want to continue my education after I complete my undergraduate degree.the skills learned, Bauforschung, and the ability Participants 2014 Alexander Agostini Università degli Studi di Siena, Classical Archaeology to interact closely with an ancient structure that has essentially not been researched in depth all added to the learning process. This is by far the best course I have ever Lucrezia Campagna taken. Great instructors with a lot of knowledge due to their long work on the Palatine. Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Classical and Medieval Archaeology Benjamin M. Crowther They are very interested in every detail of the built structure and always ready to University of Texas at Austin, Classical Archaeology discuss the evidence with you, just on site. Martin García ETH Zurich, Architecture Jonathan William Hardy University of Minnesota Twin Cities Stephan and Jens were fantastic. The composition of the group was such that everyone was a complete novice to one aspect of the course, but Stephan and Jens were extremely patient and explained material in a highly intelligible way. Classical and Near Eastern Studies Christopher Hayward University of Cincinnati, Classics Philip Katz New York University, Classics Julia E. Kress University of California, Riverside, Ancient Mediterranean Studies, Public History Sebastian Lucas Linsin ETH Zurich, Architecture Joanna C. Mundy Emory University, History of Art Gereon Rolvering ETH Zurich, Architecture Daniel Schneider ETH Zurich, Architecture Skye Shirely University of Massachusetts, Boston Latin and Classical Humanities

11 The next course will take place in summer 2016 For more information see