Cherokee Historic and Architectural Reconnaissance Survey Report

Transcription

1 Cherokee Historic and Architectural Reconnaissance Survey Report HADB April 2017 Prepared for: The City of Cherokee and the Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission Prepared by: Marlys Svendsen, principal investigator SVENDSEN TYLER, INC. N3834 DEEP LAKE ROAD SARONA, WISCONSIN / Bruce Meyer, survey photographer Bruce Meyer Productions Sioux City, Iowa

2 Copyright 2017 by the City of Cherokee and the Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission, Cherokee, Iowa. All material in this work is subject to copyright except for brief quotation(s) used for reviews or the noncommercial purpose of historical research, educational advancement, or personal use. No material may be sold in any manner without written permission from the publisher. Cover Photographs, clockwise from top: James and Mabel Weart House, 900 W. Main St., Craftsman Style, Cross-Gabled Bungalow form, 1920 Major Smith House, 425 Euclid Ave., Craftsman Style, Side-Gable, 2-story form, 1915 and W.H. and Marie Millard House, 431 Euclid Ave., Queen Anne Style, Hipped Roof with Lower Gables form, Judge R.G. and Esther Rodman House, 402 Ash St., Ranch/Rambler Style, Cross-Hipped Roof, 1958 Iron entrance gate, J. H. and Sophia Brummer House, 736 W Cedar St, Queen Anne Style, ca E. Willow St. Bridge over Railroad Creek, balustrade detail showing Union St. Bridge over Railroad Creek in background Photographs by Bruce Meyer, Bruce Meyer Productions, Sioux City, Iowa and John Snapp, Cherokee, Iowa Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 2

3 CREDIT This project was produced under the terms of a Memorandum of Agreement, pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, among the U.S. Department of Homeland Security s Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the State Historical Society of Iowa, Iowa Department of Homeland Security and Emergency Management (HSEMD), the City of Cherokee, the City of Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission, and Preservation Iowa. FEMA administered Federal disaster assistance through its Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) implemented under the authority of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act for the acquisition and demolition of historic residential properties that were damaged as a result of the flooding incident in 2013, which resulted in the Federally declared disaster DR-4126-IA. The acquisition and demolition project was jointly funded by FEMA s HMGP, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development s (HUD) Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program administered through the Iowa Economic Development Authority (IEDA), and the State of Iowa through its HSEMD under the authority of the State Executive Council, eligible under Chapter 29C.20 Contingent Fund-Disaster Aid of the Iowa Code. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 3

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS COVER PHOTOGRAPHS... 2 CREDIT... 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS... 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 6 Recommendations for Future Work... 8 I. INTRODUCTION... 9 II. METHODOLOGY A. Objectives B. Survey Personnel C. Survey Methods D. Evaluation III. CHEROKEE S HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT A. Early Settlement, B. Foundations of Prosperity, a. Illinois Central Arrives and Thrives b. Industry and Commerce Grow c. Magnetic Springs Develops d. Buffalo Bill s Wild West Show e. Housing Booms f. Natural Disasters and Symbols of Civic Pride C. Prosperity and Change, a. Railroad Growth b. Cherokee State Hospital Opens c. The Automobile d. New Schools e. Pattern Book Houses f. The New Deal s FHA Minimum House D. Post-World War II, a. Post-War Changes Railroad and State Hospital b. Manufacturing Boom c. Business District Thrives d. More Students, More Schools e. And More Churches f. New Residential Subdivisions IV. NEIGHBORHOODS AND HISTORIC DISTRICTS A. Northwest Neighborhoods West Main Street Historic District Guy M. and Rose Gillette House District Contributing and Noncontributing Resources District Boundaries Immaculate Conception Church and West Cedar Street Historic District District Contributing and Noncontributing Resources District Boundaries Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 4

5 Mental Health Institute and West Cedar Street Historic District District Contributing and Noncontributing Resources District Boundaries West Cherry Street Historic Groups/Historic District District Contributing and Noncontributing Resources District Boundaries North 11 th Street and Hill Street Historic Group/Historic District Hill Street Water Tower District Contributing and Noncontributing Resources District Boundaries B. North Central and Northeast Neighborhoods Euclid Avenue Historic District District Contributing and Noncontributing Resources District Boundaries Bailey Court and North Roosevelt Avenue Historic District District Contributing and Noncontributing Resources District Boundaries Ash Street Historic District District Contributing and Noncontributing Resources District Boundaries Cherokee Cancer Sanitarium and Seaman House C. Central and Southeast Neighborhoods Railroad Creek Bridge Group/Historic District District Contributing and Noncontributing Resources HADB Railroad Creek Neighborhood Reconnaissance Survey Summary, First Baptist Church G.A.R. Hall Illinois Central Railroad Yard Cherokee National Register Historic District V. BIBLIOGRAPHY VI. APPENDICES Appendix A: Project Personnel and Support Staff Appendix B: Memorandum of Agreement Appendix C: Comparison of Cherokee Buildings Evaluated and Population Growth Appendix D: Master List All Properties Preliminarily Surveyed in City of Cherokee Appendix E: Iowa Site Inventory Forms Prepared for Reconnaissance Survey Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 5

6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Svendsen Tyler, Inc. was retained by the City of Cherokee and the Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission in March 2016 to conduct a reconnaissance level historical and architectural survey for Cherokee with funding from FEMA and the City of Cherokee. The purpose of such a survey is to systematically identify historic resources (buildings, structures, sites, objects and districts) potentially eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (National Register), either individually or as part of a historic district. The emphasis of this survey was to be on Cherokee s residential neighborhoods and flood plain areas outside of the downtown. National Register listing for the Cherokee Commercial Historic District in 2005 negated further survey work for this neighborhood. The Cherokee Survey Area boundaries comprise Cherokee's 2016 city limits. This area contains 3,831 buildings including 2,003 single and multi-family dwellings. Preliminary evaluations for survey work were based on National Register Criteria covering properties in residential neighborhoods: A significance for association with events and broad patterns of history; B association with significant persons; and C architectural significance). Scattered schools, churches and transportation features in those areas were also evaluated. For this survey, no evaluations were made for archaeological significance under Criterion D. Survey work began with the identification of potentially National Register-eligible buildings that were at least 50 years old. For purposes of this survey, this included buildings erected prior to Then assessments were made of their physical integrity, their building form and their architectural design. Research was completed to identify historic associations with prominent individuals, important events and historic developments or settlement patterns. Beginning in April and June 2016, a windshield survey or visual inspection was completed by the project consultant with the assistance of Historic Preservation Commission members. Driving tours were undertaken throughout Cherokee neighborhoods in all parts of the city. Potential intact collections of significant buildings were identified for further investigation as potential historic districts and scattered single properties for individual listing. Then, a comprehensive effort was made to photograph, document, map, and preliminarily evaluate nearly all significant primary buildings estimated to have been constructed in 1970 or earlier. County Assessor property records, County Recorder plat records and many archival documents and collections were screened during this phase. Potential National Register-eligible primary buildings, a few noteworthy secondary buildings, and historic districts were assigned historic names based on their historic associations. For a few clusters of potentially significant buildings that could not be considered historic districts without intensive level research at a later date, the informal identification as an historic group was assigned. In addition, an examination was made of bridges and trestles over Railroad Creek north of its juncture with the Little Sioux River. Flood plain areas were given specific scrutiny in order to predict potential historic resource locations in the event of future flood events. Properties examined by the survey and their potential significance are listed throughout the survey report according to neighborhood location and in an analysis of resources over Railroad Creek in a separate evaluation of the Railroad Creek Bridge Group/Historic District. The findings of the survey identified important historic themes in the development of Cherokee and its diverse neighborhoods beginning with the years leading up to the platting of New Cherokee present day Cherokee in the early 1870s with the laying out depot grounds for the Iowa Falls and Sioux City Railroad, forerunner of Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 6

7 the Illinois Central Railroad. Subsequent historic contexts of local history explored included Early Settlement, ; Foundations of Prosperity, ; Prosperity and Change, ; and Post-World War II, Approximately 700 digital images were produced of buildings in the neighborhoods in the spring and late fall of Of the 375 properties reviewed, nearly 100 primary buildings were identified as potentially meeting Criteria A, B and/or C for individual listing in the National Register. In addition, seven to nine potential National Register historic districts containing approximately 340 contributing primary buildings were also identified as meeting National Register Criteria A and/or C along with additional requirements for district designation. Of the district resources, about 70 also qualified as individually National Register eligible. The districts are located in west central, north central, and east central portions of Cherokee. Brief descriptions are below with more in depth discussion in subsequent sections of this report. West Main St Historic District (along W Main St from 6 th St to 11 th St, W Willow St from 8 th St to 11 th St, and intersecting sections of 7 th St through 11 th St, north and south of W Main). This large residential neighborhood located immediately west of the Central Business District developed between ca. 1880s and early 1960s. In 2017, moderate to well-preserved examples of vernacular house forms and residential architectural styles demonstrate the choices of homebuilders and the skills of local craftsmen. Approximately 88 primary buildings. Immaculate Conception Church Historic District (along W Cedar St from 7 th St to 8 th St). This small district is centered along a two-block site containing buildings associated with Cherokee s Catholic Parish church, rectory, school/gymnasium and a small collection of large single family dwellings built from the 1890s to ca Approximately 13 primary buildings. Mental Health Institute and West Cedar St Historic District (1100 block of W Cedar St and the campus of the Cherokee Mental Health Institute grounds and buildings along the West Cedar Loop). This area includes a block-long corridor of single family residences located at the entrance for the original Cherokee State Hospital for the Insane. The main hospital opened to patients in 1902 and more than 20 substantially intact buildings remaining in 2017 to tell the story of institutional care for the mentally ill. Construction of a group of private dwellings along W Cedar St was prompted between ca and 1950 by the growth of the Hospital. More than 30 major hospital buildings and dwellings. West Cherry St Historic Groups (600 to 900 blocks along W Cherry St). This linear stretch of W Cherry St has two historic groups of houses. The area was laid out between 1882 and 1891 in the northern blocks of the 5 th, 6 th, 7 th and 13 th Additions to New Cherokee. They include a scattering of individually significant residences built between the 1890s through the post-world War II years. Loss of historic integrity for a number of the dwellings on several partial or whole block faces diminishes the district potential for this area. Instead, ten of the houses in this section of W Cherry Street have individual significance. Approximately 36 primary buildings were evaluated in these blocks. North 11th St and West Hill St Historic Group/Historic District (300 and 400 blocks of N 11th St between W Cedar St and Hill St) This small linear group of facing houses in northwest Cherokee overlaps sections of Burrough s West Addition and New Cherokee s 13 th Addition. Built from the 1890s until 1940, the houses are along a slightly elevated stretch of street near the N 11 th Street Water Tower. The houses date from the 1890s through the Great Depression years into the 1950s. Approximately 40 primary buildings were evaluated. Euclid Ave Historic District (400 block of Euclid Ave from Fountain St. to E. Bluff St.) This linear residential neighborhood located on the north-south avenue comprising the 400 block of Euclid Ave. that was developed Huxford family sub-divisions between ca.1880 and ca In 2017, moderate to well- Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 7

8 preserved examples of a wide range of architectural styles, vernacular house forms and both moderate to large scale houses. Approximately 27 primary residential buildings. Bailey Court and North Roosevelt Avenue Historic District (Bailey Court Addition from E Sumner to alley south of Ash, incl. Bailey Court and Roosevelt Ave) This multi-block district located in northeast Cherokee extends across the major blocks of the Bailey Court Addition laid out in 1916 and nearby property developed by the Huxford family in earlier decades. The district s major feature is a square block park called Bailey Court and the well-preserved residences surrounding it, along Sumner St and N Roosevelt Ave. Approximately 32 primary buildings. Ash St Historic District ( blocks of Ash St between N Roosevelt Ave and Park Ave and the 600 block of Saratoga Ave) This mostly linear neighborhood was developed located in northeast Cherokee between 1950 and 1965 entirely within the Osterling Addition. It includes one-story dwellings of similar scale and material along two blocks of Ash St and one block of Saratoga Avenue, all built using a few variations of the Ranch/Rambler or Minimal Traditional house forms. Approximately 27 primary buildings. Railroad Creek Bridge Group/Historic District 300 block of E. Maple St to 500 block of W Bluff St. extending over Railroad Creek. Recommendations for Future Work The following recommendations relate to further historic and architectural survey work: 1. Complete Intensive Level Historic and Architectural Surveys for residential neighborhoods with potential National Register historic districts or groups of individually eligible resources over the next 10 years. Group areas for surveys based on adjacent neighborhoods, common social groups, shared development periods, similar architectural styles and vernacular forms, workable survey sizes, neighborhood interest, etc. Possible surveys could include residential districts and/or groups a. West Side W Main St Historic District; Immaculate Conception Church Historic District b. North Central and Northeast Euclid Ave Historic District; Bailey Court and N Roosevelt Ave Historic District c. Northwest W Cherry St Historic Group/District; MHI/W Cedar St Historic District; N 11th St Historic Group/Historic District; Ash St Historic District 2. Work with individual and not-for-profit property owners to prepare Iowa Site Inventory Forms and to submit National Register nominations for individually eligible properties (private dwellings, churches) or historic districts. Use the Master List Appendix to identify properties qualifying as potentially individually eligible. 3. Establish a working group of CHPC and Cherokee Area Archive volunteers to work with consultants and property owners for historic research, archival research, and required photography. 4. Identify a National Register individual nomination goal for each year for Cherokee understanding that it will likely take 15 to 24 months to achieve a completed nomination. For example, every two years undertake the identification, research, photography, nomination preparation, submittal of required paper work for review, and present nomination for State Nomination Review Committee consideration for 2 to 3 properties. 5. Identify funding sources and secure multi-year commitments if possible from local and state government grants, not-for-profit organization grants, civic organizations, and private donations for financing activities under 1 and 4 above. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 8

9 I. INTRODUCTION In March 2016 Svendsen Tyler, Inc. was retained by the City of Cherokee to complete an historic and architectural reconnaissance survey for the city of Cherokee with a focus on residential neighborhoods and corridors along the Little Sioux River and its major tributaries. Other work had previously been completed on the Cherokee central business district in HADB The Historic Commercial Heritage of Downtown Cherokee, ; a citywide planning study in HADB A Report on a Planning for Preservation Project for Cherokee, Iowa; and a post-flood survey for the lower end Railroad Creek that was recorded in HADB Historical and Architectural Reconnaissance Survey for 2013 Flood Projects DR-4126 in the City of Cherokee, Cherokee County.1 The current project was produced under the terms of a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA, see Exhibit B) for adverse effects resulting from the acquisition and demolition of historic residential properties that resulted from the Federally declared disaster DR-4126-IA, pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. Other participants in the MOA were FEMA, the State Historical Society of Iowa, HSEMD, the City of Cherokee, the City of Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission, and Preservation Iowa. FEMA-administered Federal disaster assistance through its HMGP implemented under the authority of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act. Work undertaken through the MOA was intended to support historic preservation efforts of the City of Cherokee through the preparation of a reconnaissance level historic and architectural survey for Cherokee that systematically identified potential National Register-eligible individual properties and historic districts with emphasis on Cherokee s residential neighborhoods. The survey included evaluations based on National Register Criteria for historically and/or architecturally significant residential and non-residential resources including civic, commercial, industrial resources and transportation features (i.e. bridges). For residential neighborhoods, historic and architectural contexts were developed for themes explaining the historical/architectural importance of particular areas or historic periods of time related to Cherokee s history and significant individuals. Boundaries for potential National Register-eligible historic districts were mapped and lists of potentially individually National-eligible properties were provided. A special evaluation included Federally designated local flood plains. 1 HADB is the acronym for Historic Architectural Data Base the term assigned by the State Historic Preservation Office for publications created for intensive and reconnaissance survey reports based on Iowa s numeric county number system. DR is the acronym assigned by FEMA for Disaster Response or Disaster Recovery and is used to sequentially identify Presidential disasters nationally. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 9

10 II. METHODOLOGY A. Objectives The Cherokee Historic and Architectural Reconnaissance Survey (Cherokee Survey) involved five primary objectives: Complete an historic and architectural reconnaissance survey for the city of Cherokee with a focus on residential neighborhoods and corridors along the Little Sioux River and its major tributaries covering the period ca to Identify and describe neighborhoods throughout the community from these decades focusing on settlement patterns, architectural building types and styles, and potential historic districts based on National Register Criteria. Develop a building typology and list of common elements for use in evaluating the domestic architecture of residential neighborhoods. Identify buildings that potentially meet the National Register Criteria and integrity requirements for individual listing. Prepare representative Iowa Site Inventory Forms (ISIF) for five residential properties within the survey area including individual photographs, architectural descriptions, and evaluations of architectural and/or historical significance. The properties would be selected by the Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission with assistance from the consultant. Identify a list of priorities and recommendations to assist the City of Cherokee and the Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission implement a program for nominating historic properties and districts to the National Register of Historic Places as part of a comprehensive municipal historic preservation program. B. Survey Personnel Work on the Cherokee Survey was conducted under the direction of Marlys Svendsen, principal investigator with Svendsen Tyler, Inc. of Sarona, Wisconsin. Svendsen has more than 40 years of experience as an historic and architectural surveyor in Iowa. In while employed by the Iowa Division of Historic Preservation, she helped design and complete an intensive level historic survey for Burlington, Iowa one of the first surveys completed in the state. Since then she has completed nearly 70 reconnaissance and intensive level historic and architectural surveys. Her work has culminated in hundreds of successful National Register of Historic Places listings including Multiple Property Documentation (MPD) forms, historic district nominations ranging from maritime resources, factory sites and commercial historic districts to log cabins, railroad depots, historic houses, and residential historic districts in Iowa, Illinois and Wisconsin. During the post-2008 and 2010 floods across Iowa, Svendsen completed 40 reconnaissance and intensive level surveys in communities and for public properties in affected areas. In northwest Iowa, her survey work has included the Foster Park Historic District in Le Mars, and in Sioux City, both the Rose Hill Historic District and Midland Company/Swift & Company Historic District. Most recently, while working for the Iowa Homeland Security and Emergency Management Department, in she completed the Historical and Architectural Reconnaissance Survey for 2013 Flood Projects DR-4126 in the City of Cherokee, Cherokee County (HADB ). Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 10

11 Field work related to photography for the Cherokee Survey was completed by Sioux City photographer Bruce Meyer. Meyer has more than 30 years of experience as a professional photographer having completed a number of projects with Svendsen including work in several northwest Iowa communities and in various county seat towns throughout the state. Meyer handled individual residential neighborhood photography throughout Cherokee and documentation of buildings on the Mental Health Institute campus. Additional photography for the Cherokee Survey was completed by Cherokee Historic Preservation Commissioner John R. Snapp. His work included identifying and digitizing historic views for the survey including significant work within the Cherokee Area Archives collections. In addition, Snapp completed photography for dozens of historic houses and neighborhoods during later stages of the survey as more historic resources were identified by the principal investigator. In total, nearly 900 high quality digital images were taken for the Cherokee Survey by Meyer and Snapp during 2016 and 2017 and will become part of the CHPC s collection at the Cherokee Area Archives. C. Survey Methods All work was conducted according to the requirements set forth in The Secretary of the Interior s Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation [48 Federal Register ] (National Park Service, 1983). Field work began in April and May 2016 with completion of a windshield survey by Svendsen. This phase was conducted in April and continued in June During this phase, Svendsen applied her familiarity with Cherokee to identify and evaluate areas of town that most likely contained buildings built prior to She then made preliminary observations of individual integrity and architectural significance. At the same time potential historic district boundaries began to emerge and were recorded to identify photography lists. Once this was completed, photography recording commenced. A meeting with members of the Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission members was held soon after windshield surveying began. It resulted in formation of a Cherokee Survey Committee made up of volunteers interested in providing support for the project including CHPC members Jim Adamson, Barb Busch-Mott, Tim Greenwood, Jolene Schumacher and John Snapp. The committee participated in a driving tour of Cherokee providing historic insights, identifying potential individuals for interviews and visiting areas during the tour not previously identified that might meet National Register eligibility. A preliminary master list of properties was assembled based on street address and potential historic district or individual eligibility for the National Register. The next phase of research involved collection of historical information from public records such as those maintained by the County Assessor for individual building construction years and subdivision locations. The County Recorder plat maps were consulted to identify platting dates and land developers. The County Auditor s property transfer books were consulted for ownership records and to confirm representative building years. Survey mapping and data base development was greatly assisted by the GIS staff in the Assessor s office who prepared a subdivision map for the entire city that could be linked to an interactive property database. This link - proved to be an important timesaver for investigating potential historic districts. The Assessor s office staff also prepared neighborhood scale base maps used within this report. Evaluation of field data and public record information allowed for the next phase of survey work evaluating specific properties for their own National Register eligibility and the developmental story of potential historic Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 11

12 districts. Architectural styles and vernacular building forms were identified; levels of physical integrity were observed based on National Register standards. Historic ownership of buildings, settlement patterns within the city and social history attributes of individual neighborhoods were gathered from a range of available archival materials mainly housed with the Cherokee Area Archives. Some local history materials maintained online supplemented these sources and allowed for access to publications not available locally. Interviews were done with property owners and other knowledgeable community residents. During the next months, individual photographs for residential properties and streetscapes throughout Cherokee s older neighborhoods were organized and studied. Most historic resources photographed included single family dwellings or two to four-unit multiple dwellings. A handful of institutional scale buildings including churches and schools were researched along with the story of the development of the Mental Health Institute. Census records were identified for Cherokee and building rates within the master list of properties were compared with population growth. The goal of research gathering and preliminary evaluations was to identify major historic trends in the community, important events and developments that had impacts on the physical development of the city, and strong historic associations with individual buildings or collections of buildings. Again, research for buildings and neighborhoods was focused on properties or neighborhoods identified as having been built prior to the 1970 cutoff date. The master list of properties was then sorted by potential National Register eligibility status, either a) individually significant buildings and structures or b) historic district or historic group. Names were assigned to each district based on associations to major streets or landmarks. The nearly 900 digital photographs taken during the project in 2016 and 2017 were labeled and placed in the State of Iowa s permanent inventory as well as the Cherokee Area Archives at the Cherokee Public Library. The scope of work for the Cherokee Survey required that at least three Iowa Site Inventory Forms (ISIF) be prepared by the consultant. The consultant proposed that these be included in the reconnaissance level survey in order to demonstrate the potential value of an intensive level survey at a later date. As work continued in 2016, the abundance of worthy candidates for ISIF preparation was increased to five in order to include a wider range of building styles and forms, construction periods and geographic areas of the city. Each ISIF contained the following information for descriptions and significance statements: identification of building date discussion of architectural style and vernacular forms building materials primary design elements and building features fenestration (window) discussions porch descriptions building additions and alterations Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 12

13 The final steps in the survey process involved the preparation of a preliminary architectural typology, a history of development for Cherokee and examinations of the individual neighborhoods evaluated. For these phases of the survey, repetitive building forms were defined and analyzed to determine their relative significance. Surviving intact examples were identified along with important component elements. This topic is discussed in greater detail under Section D. below. West Main Street constructed along C38 on the section line between Section 28 and Section 33 in the west end of Cherokee (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) Additional historical research was completed to document neighborhood developmental history. More than 100 years of subdivision platting and settlement patterns were researched with representative and unique plats analyzed in greater detail. Key individuals and/or companies responsible for undertaking residential subdivisions were identified such as George Lebourveau, Carlton Corbett, John I. Blair, F.W. Huxford, N.T. Burroughs, W. A. Sanford, Charles E. Moore, and multiple additions by the Town Lot Company, known as the Iowa Railroad Land Company after Important transportation routes to and through the neighborhoods were evaluated to determine their impact on settlement patterns over time. The roles played by major institutional, commercial and industrial employers, including both their successes and declines, were assessed to determine links to residential development. And finally, an attempt was made to identify the impacts that both the Great Depression and the post-world War II housing boom had on the community. At least one post-world War II historic district was identified as a result of this research work. Throughout the completion of the Cherokee Survey, communication was maintained with the State Historical Society of Iowa staff responsible for historic and architectural surveys. Regular contact was also maintained with members of the Cherokee Survey Committee and the full Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission as well as staff of FEMA, IHSEMD and IEDA. D. Evaluation In order to evaluate the potential eligibility of a single property or group of properties as a historic district for listing in the National Register, the National Park Service has established a set of concepts to be followed. These concepts relate to historic significance, historic integrity and historic context, which are explained in detail in National Register Bulletin 15, How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation (NPS, 1990, revised 1991, 1995, 1997). The first step in evaluating properties establishes whether or not a property has historic significance according to one or more of the following four criteria: Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 13

14 Criterion A: Property is associated with events or activities that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history. Criterion B: Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. Criterion C: Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possess high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction. Criterion D: Property has yielded, or is likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. The second step involves establishment of a historic context for grouping information about surveyed properties. The National Park Service suggests organizing historic contexts by architectural or historical theme, a geographic area, and a period of years or longer span of time. In this way individual properties or districts are seen as a product of its time and as an illustration of aspects of heritage that may be unique, representative, or pivotal. For the Cherokee residential neighborhoods survey, the historic contexts previously established in the Preservation Planning Report for City of Cherokee in 1996 and The Historic Commercial Heritage of Downtown Cherokee in 2005 were able to be used. A new historic context was developed covering the post-world War II and mid-20 th century years leading up to The third step in evaluation involves an assessment of historic integrity, or what the National Park Service describes as the authenticity of a property s historic identity, evidenced by the survival of physical characteristics that existed during the property s prehistoric or historic period. The seven aspects of building integrity used for evaluation of individual properties and districts are: Location Workmanship Design Feeling Setting Association Materials Standards for applying these aspects of integrity to older residential neighborhoods in the Cherokee Survey were carried out in a preliminary way. ly significant buildings or contributing resources in historic districts were relatively unaltered, retaining their original appearance in terms of basic shape, proportions, rooflines, and important features. Principal facades remained relatively unchanged with the placement and size of window openings and primary entrances consistent with the original design. Dwellings maintaining original porches though sympathetic enclosures or modifications made more than 50 years ago were considered acceptable. The presence of unobtrusive additions on non-principal faces and modern roofing materials did not automatically preclude a building from being eligible for the National Register. Alterations made to convert single-family residences to apartment buildings were assessed on a case-by-case basis to determine if the changes supported or detracted from a house s important design elements. Easily reversible alterations such as the addition of fire escape ladders would not be considered significant. In general, integrity standards should be highest for house types or architectural styles that are most represented in the surveyed neighborhoods. For example, integrity standards were more demanding for American Four-Square or 2-Story, Side-Gabled Roof houses built in the Craftsman Style because of the large number present. By definition, historic districts are collections of buildings that when considered as a group rather than individually possess a sense of time and place. They may have a shared building type, style, Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 14

15 form, or material. They have a common period of significance that may extend over a few years such as the 15 years of development in the Ash Street Historic District or multiple decades such as the development of the West Main Street Historic District. They consist of contiguous properties in multi-block areas with relatively few intrusions. Integrity for individual buildings as well as the setting as a whole should be high. Buildings within historic districts fall into two categories: non-contributing and contributing. Noncontributing resources are those buildings that do not share a common heritage with the district as evidenced in building type, architectural style(s), form, materials, or period of significance. Noncontributing buildings are generally considered to be intrusive in nature. Buildings less than 50 years old are generally considered non-contributing. It is important in doing a reconnaissance survey that designation as contributing or non-contributing may change for a property as time passes and it ages beyond the 50-year cut-off date for evaluation. The category of contributing resources can be further broken down to include some buildings that are individually eligible for the National Register. Integrity standards for these properties should be the same as those set for individually eligible buildings outside of historic districts. The architectural integrity of supportive buildings in a district that are not individually National Register-eligible may be somewhat less. For example, minor changes in windows, door openings, and porch elements may be acceptable. The addition of modern sidings and roofing materials would also be acceptable for these generally supportive buildings. The final issue of building integrity involves moved buildings and relates equally to buildings being evaluated for individual significance or as a part of a historic district. Moved buildings are rarely found suitable for National Register listing. The assumption is that a move detracts from a building s significance by destroying its original setting and context. Moves for buildings significant architecturally under Criterion C are generally more acceptable than those for buildings significant under Criteria A or B. Moves made more than 50 years ago should be treated as historic alterations. Building alterations considered acceptable for moved buildings include changes in foundation materials, changes in porches built after a move, some entrance modifications, and limited changes in building orientation. Moves should be considered detrimental if they resulted in the loss of significant architectural elements. In summary, the main standards for evaluating building integrity for potential National Register eligibility look at the seven aspects of building integrity provided by the NPS: location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 15

16 III. CHEROKEE S HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT A. Early Settlement, The plat for Original Cherokee was platted in December 1857, the same year that Cherokee County was separated from Woodbury County. The plat included a 320 acre parcel in the vicinity of Sections 22 and 23 of Cherokee Township in central Cherokee County. Known in subsequent years as Old Cherokee it was initially occupied by members of the Milford Emigration Society, a group of settlers from Milford, Massachusetts that came to be known as the Milford Colony. Among the more than 50 colonists comprising the group were several advance agents who came west to the Little Sioux River the prior year in search of good land, sufficient timber and water sources. Carlton Corbett and John Martin arrived in early 1856 and on May 11, 1856 rendezvoused with other members of the Milford Colony. When an appropriate available town site was identified, land claims were filed by the Society members. Samuel W. Hayward accepted the land in trust from Society members and filed the plat for Original Cherokee on December 16, The land was subsequently transferred to Society members by quit claim deeds based on a drawing for lots. The parcels consisted of both agriculture and timber lots of up to 20 acres in size. In the tradition of American settlement patterns, the town site for Old Cherokee was located at the west edge of an important body of water, in this case, the Little Sioux River. Growth was not steady for Old Cherokee, however, with the absence of bridges, roads, and railroads in much of Northwest Iowa; the arrival of new settlers was slow as a result. Passage of the Homestead Act in 1863 provided opportunities for attracting settlers for unclaimed land. Scares prompted by actual and rumored confrontations with Native Americans to the north along the Iowa border and further north in New Ulm, Minnesota prompted settlers in Cherokee s Milford Colony and others to retreat on several occasions in the late 1850s and early 1860s. National plans to traverse the country with railroads and attract new settlers were under study by both American business leaders and legislators in the 1850s just as the Milford Colony was organizing to head west. The national plan settled on the granting of public lands along proposed railroad routes as a financial incentive to build and maintain the lines by their owners. Four railroad companies were given land grants for this purpose in Iowa in March 1856 including a line to extend from Dubuque to Sioux City across the northern tier of counties. The first company successfully formed was the Dubuque & Pacific Railroad Company. Reorganizations and sale of the right to this land grant eventually passed to the Iowa Falls & Sioux City Railroad Company in January Construction had waited for more than a decade for the Civil War to commence, be fought and conclude. As Cherokee author Thomas McCulla wrote in 1914 the people of the West and the Northwest were doomed to wait until that great war cloud had passed over and the financial condition of the country had settled down to a safe basis. 2 In anticipation of the arrival of the railroad, Cherokee County resident William Van Epps bought 20 acres of land in Section 26 of Cherokee Township near Original Cherokee and platted it as Blair City on July 1, 2 McCulla, Thomas, History of Cherokee County, Iowa, Volumes 1 and 2 (Chicago: S.J. Clarke Publishing Co.), 1914, p. 162; available online at books.google.com; accessed 3/5/2014. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 16

17 1869 in hopes of attracting railroad builder John I. Blair. The Blair City plan eventually failed as well when the final siting of the depot grounds was set by the railroad. B. Foundations of Prosperity, With the Civil War concluded, New Jersey railroad builder, John I. Blair, announced updated plans in 1868 for the construction of the Iowa Falls and Sioux City Railroad (later the Illinois Central) route through Cherokee County. The company s plans called for a route further to the south than both Old Cherokee and Blair City. As a result, town building plans shifted south to accommodate the new railroad depot grounds. A plat for New Cherokee was laid out in March 1870 and officially recorded in September 1870 by Milford Colony pioneers, George Lebourveau and Carlton Corbett, who had stayed in the area after many of their fellow colonists went back east a decade earlier. John I. Blair and his wife platted an adjoining subdivision Blair s Addition in October 1870 to the southwest with the depot grounds and railroad alignment included in the plat. These newly platted additions and several others platted by Lebourveau to the east comprised the central blocks of current day Cherokee s business district. New Cherokee was formally incorporated in April By then the business district was established along Main Street and intersecting north-south streets east and west of 2 nd Street. The town s resulting railroad boom begun in the 1870s with the building of dozens of small scale commercial establishments and dwellings, continued during subsequent decades as new additions were platted mostly by the Sioux City and Iowa Falls Town Lot and the Town Lot Company, along with a handful of individual speculators and prominent individuals. At first, business houses and dwellings were removed to New Cherokee from Blair City and the Original Cherokee 1 to 2 miles to the northeast, but before long new buildings were erected. By the end of 1870, New Cherokee had five grocery stores, two hardware stores, two meat shops, three hotels, three lumberyards, one implement house, a schoolhouse, a harness shop, two shoe stores, three blacksmiths shops, three law offices, and three saloons. 3 Population stood at 438 in 1870 with the number tripling to 1,523 by 1880 and more than doubling again by 1890 to 3,441 and expanding at a slower rate to 3,865 in 1900 (see Appendix C). Early businesses typically associated were associated with the day-to-day needs of settlers. Industries favored activities associated with agricultural production with two flour mills initially including the Old White Mill erected along the Little Sioux River and Haywards Mill along Mill Creek. Steam-powered roller mills, eventually replaced several earlier mills. 4 Among the more important manufacturing concerns flourishing by the 1880s was the Cherokee Brick and Tile Company located on the west bank of the Little Sioux River about one mile southwest of downtown. Opening in 1874, the plant had a supply of some of the best clay in northwest Iowa. Output of the company grew steadily and eventually it expanded its plant and equipment in the late 1880s to compete with Sioux City s several brick and tile plants. Output stood at 2.9 million brick by 1888 for Cherokee Brick and Tile with a workforce of 40 men. About the same time, another building product firm was established a manufacturer of artificial stone products and cement block was established in 1881 with three additional companies operated by the turn of the 20 th century. Several of these companies were useful for the rebuilding efforts that came in neighborhoods affected by 3 McCulla, p Ibid., p Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 17

18 the disastrous 1891 flood along the Little Sioux River. By 1914, three cement block factories were operating to produce cistern curbing, concrete block, concrete building trim, and material for constructing sidewalks and paving. Both local brick and concrete products found their way into residential and commercial buildings. The location, owners and design for masonry buildings in the central business district are well-documented in documentation for the Cherokee Commercial Historic District (National Register-listed, 2005). The direct growth of the Illinois Central in Cherokee was substantial in the decades between 1870 to 1900 both in employees and facilities. The railroad grounds extended to the south and immediate west of the business district with various operations. In 1886, the cities of Fort Dodge, Le Mars and Storm Lake competed with Cherokee to induce the company to become the Illinois Central Division Point. In 1887, Cherokee succeeded and the connecting routes south to Onawa and north to Sioux Falls were built from Cherokee. Newly promised Illinois Central facilities including a roundhouse, turntable and machine shops for the repair for rolling stock were completed the same year. With links to Sioux Falls, Sioux City and Dubuque for freight and passengers daily, the railroad provided work for many members of the local population both directly and indirectly. The foundation for the community's economic prosperity going forward looked formidable. Construction of the new Illinois Central Railroad Passenger Depot in 1896 and the conversion of the old relocated depot across the tracks for use as the Freight House capped nearly three decades of growth. Concurrent with the growth of local industry and railroad facilities, Cherokee saw the development of neighborhoods surrounding the central business district, many of which are discussed in greater detail below. One neighborhood with a colorful history was located northeast of the downtown and came to be associated with a natural resource known as the Cherokee Magnetic Mineral Springs. The area was immediately east of Huxfordville Addition, a suburban district that will be discussed later. The springs was first discovered on the west bank of the Little Sioux River in June 1879 by farmer and prospector George Satterlee while he was prospecting for coal on land leased from Cherokee banker, N.T. Burroughs. The mineral spring waters that was discovered was identified as having a curative value by several experts at the time. It was later described by author Thomas McCulla in 1914, who wrote as follows: It is the finest and most healthful of any water possibly to be found, as unlike other mineral waters this has no bad taste, but gushes up cold and sweet and pure from the caverns of the earth. It is strongly magnetized and is semi-soft. A pocket knife, pen or nail is readily magnetized by coming in contact with it for a few minutes. That this property in the water is highly beneficial to the human system has been proven years ago; especially in cases of rheumatism and diseases of the nervous system does it work wonderful cures. 5 Satterlee hastily began development on a small scale of the site offering mineral baths for 25 cents and a gallon of drinking water for 35 cents during the summer of Evenings saw the road between Main Street and the Magnetic Wells filled with patrons of the spring water. Satterlee s one-story resort building (nonextant) was finished in September 1879 but he was unable to attract financial backing for the expansion of the attraction. Interest grew nevertheless in the Magnetic Springs as several scientific water tests were completed. Representatives of the Illinois Central Railroad became interested in excursion trains for the growing attraction. The post-civil War period saw an interest around the country in hot springs, mineral springs and resorts or sanatoriums associated with them. These included those in Hot Springs, 5 McCulla, p Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 18

19 Arkansas and others in states in Appalachia and the mountainous West. In Iowa this included the mineral water springs and grand hotels being developed in Colfax - Iowa s Spring City beginning in the mid- 1870s and continuing through the turn of the century. A similar success was envisioned by Satterlee and later by Burroughs. 6 In July 1879 and May 1880, the Cherokee Times reported that Burroughs bought three-quarters of Satterlee s interest in the Magnetic Springs. N.T. Burroughs soon got plans of a larger enterprise underway to develop the property and retain professional management. On July 4, 1880, Burroughs opened the 3-story Fountain House (nonextant) resort along with an artificial lake fed by overflow from the Magnetic Springs. Dr. Goddard Gee was retained to oversee the medicinal operations of the Fountain House and Satterlee s role on behalf of the springs ceased. Both Satterlee and banker Burroughs platted subdivisions in the vicinity of the springs Satterlee s Addition was recorded in July 1881 and in April 1882, the Burroughs Magnetic Spring Addition was platted by Burroughs and his associates George W. Lebourveau and W.B. Taylor. The meandering streets of the 1882 plat shown here, and a drawing of the Fountain House (complete with lake and race track) and a Magnetic Park map are on the following page. A photograph of a section of the gate at the northeast corner of Park and Saratoga avenues is shown above Magnetic Springs Park, Entrance Gate, northeast corner of Park Ave and Saratoga Ave 6 Source for this and subsequent sections: Frisbie, Marjorie, The Fountain House, Cherokee Historical Society Newsletter, January 1975, Cherokee Area Archives. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 19

20 Fountain House Magnetic Park Gate Posts Magnetic Park Map, undated, ca (above) and Fountain House, N.T. Burroughs & Co., Props. Brochure illustration for the ca (below), both from Cherokee Area Archives Collection. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 20

21 From the late 1880s until ca. 1910, Magnetic Springs Park experienced fluctuations in operation and the activities offered. Chautauqua programs and multi-day horse races were offered at park facilities. A particularly important change followed the installation of the City of Cherokee Waterworks in 1889 at the east end of Main Street near the banks of the Little Sioux River. The municipal well was set at a depth of about 200 feet tapping into the same source of water for the Magnetic Springs. Conflict ensued as water levels varied. The flooding of the Magnetic Springs site during the disastrous July 1891 flood of the Little Sioux River caused severe damage and stays at the spa declined. In July 1896 the Fountain House was burglarized. Ten years later, in 1905, litigation between Burroughs and the municipality went as far as the Supreme Court of Iowa over whether or not streets within Burroughs Magnetic Spring Addition to New Cherokee were public or private as Burroughs had fenced the streets for a park boundary. The district court found in Burroughs favor but on appeal, the Iowa Supreme Court reversed the decision and most of the streets were reopened by the municipality with the routes of others either vacated or re-platted. Burroughs, who had earlier contemplated donating Magnetic Springs Park to the city, changed his opinion after losing the case and sold the property to George S. Jones in March Jones converted some buildings to use as a dairy and tore down others. In 1928, John Ogilvy purchased 60 acres of the former Magnetic Tract from Jones that contained the remaining buildings; Ogilvy razed the last remnants of Fountain House with a portion reportedly reused as an apartment building for a time. Salvaged lumber was later reused in building the Ogilvy Dairy Barn (extant) in 1929 and for the John and Gladys Ogilvy House (515 Park Ave., extant) in Both are shown at left. A remnant of Magnetic Lake looking north appears below and now functions as a seasonal pond not connected to the springs (photos at left and below, John Snapp, 2016). John and Gladys Ogilvy House, 515 Park Ave 1933 (top view) and Ogilvy Dairy Barn middle and bottom views); section of Magnetic Lake, looking north (bottom view) John Snapp, photographer, Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 21

22 During the same years that the Magnetic Springs Park and Fountain House were growing in popularity at the turn of the 20 th century, Cherokee hosted other travelling attractions such as circuses and special exhibitions. These events were staged at the Magnetic Springs race track area or at the Main Street Show Grounds, which may have been the same area open space located west of the Little Sioux River and north of Main Street. Most of this area is filled with dwellings and light industrial or commercial sites in John Snapp, historical researcher and Cherokee HPC member, notes that when these shows came to Cherokee it must have been quite the spectacle. An article on the circus coming to town mentioned five trains needed to haul all the circus cars. Another mentioned four trains. One said 70 carloads and the other Among the most memorable traveling attractions were two visits by Buffalo Bill s Wild West & Congress of Rough Riders of the World. 8 Buffalo Bill s group of riders, American Indians, sharp shooters and others came to Cherokee on two occasions the first on September 23, 1896 when the exhibition was well established in both U.S. cities and European centers. The second came on September 4, In both cases, promotional front-page stories and advertising such as the multi-column ad at right, appeared in the local paper a week in advance to capture the interest of local residents. Buffalo Bill s exhibition needed a large area for staging, seating areas, food preparation, quartering animals and providing accommodations for participants. This may have been at the Magnetic Springs Park show grounds for the 1896 show on the east side of town. The 1912 show specifically described the location in the local newspaper at right as the Main Street Show Grounds. The Main Street Show Grounds on the east side of town were immediately north of Main Street and later used by traveling circus troupes. Like the circus, the Buffalo Bill shows used a parade or Free Street Cavalcade to attract crowds for the two daily shows. The circus parade followed a route through the downtown described by researcher John Buffalo Bill s Wild West Show Advertisement, The Democrat Semi-Weekly, Cherokee, Iowa, August 29, 1912, p from John Snapp to Jim Adamson dated 2/6/2016, subject: Buffalo Bill; forwarded to Marlys Svendsen, 3/8/ Buffalo Bill graphic, by Ivan M. Henry, available online at: accessed 3/9/2017. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 22

23 Snapp roughly as follows. The circus parade left the show grounds and traveled west on Main Street to Roosevelt, north on Roosevelt for two blocks then west to Euclid, south on Euclid to Union and then west on Willow to 4th Street. Then, south on 4th to the Lewis Hotel corner and then east on Main Street back to the show grounds. By the 1930s after several changes in ownership of the former Magnetic Springs Park property, the show grounds that was located here became known as the Ogilvy Show Grounds for property owners John and Gladys Ogilvy. The couple completed construction of their barn and house in the early 1930s (see page 21). An example of The Democrat s 9/16/1896 newspaper advertisement for Buffalo Bill s Wild West Show appears below with some of the more spectacular elements of the show called-out describing the show s previous locations and both its noteworthy stars and the origins of its many world-wide participants. Buffalo Bill s Wild West Show Advertisement, The Democrat, Cherokee, Iowa, 9/16/1896, p. 4. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 23

24 Residential neighborhoods grew up in new additions adjoining downtown Cherokee in the decades leading up to Skilled contractors, a handful of architects and pattern books provided design ideas. Houses built prior to 1900 featured stone foundations and various combinations of frame finishes including clapboard siding, corner board trim, and decorative wood shingles. Architectural designs dominating these decades included the Queen Anne, Gothic Revival, and Neo-Classical Revival styles. Vernacular forms such as one and two-story Front-Gable, Side-Gable, Hipped Roof, and Gable-Front-and-Wing houses included architectural trim from the popular styles of the period or remained relatively simple. Because most of the neighborhoods in Cherokee studied in this survey experienced organic development over 50 or more years, neighborhoods retained significant numbers of vacant parcels with spacious lots frequently present at intersections. Likely examples of architectural pattern book plans from the 1890s appear below. 912 W. Main St, ca. 1895, Queen Anne Cottage (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) 112 N. 11 th St, ca. 1898, Queen Anne Cottage (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) W.H. Millard House, 431 Euclid Ave., 1895, Queen Anne Style (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) 432 Sherman Ave., 1890, Queen Anne Style (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 24

25 The last decade of the 19 th century in Cherokee was ushered in by both a major natural disaster the Flood of 1891, and construction of several symbols of civic prosperity the new Cherokee County Court House (nonextant) the same year as the flood and the Illinois Central Passenger Depot (extant, National Registerlisted) five years later. Floods were not uncommon in Cherokee, which was sited along a low-lying section of the west bank of the Little Sioux River. Tributaries such as Railroad Creek just east of the business district and Mill Creek north of town worsened flood potential. The dramatic events of the flood that commenced on June 24, 1891 were reported throughout the state and nation. Losses were set at $250,000 with hundreds of houses damaged and at least 50 completely destroyed. Every bridge in Cherokee was severely damaged or a total loss. Then, just as clean-up was well underway and stacks of salvaged lumber were stored along Railroad Creek s banks intended for use during reconstruction efforts, another flood hit Cherokee less than a month later on July 21, When the second deluge occurred, newly built bridges over Railroad Creek on Union Street and the Illinois Central Railroad Bridge over the creek were destroyed by the rapidly rising waters. The Little Sioux River narrowly remained in its banks but the flood took on the infamous name of the Second Flood of Just up the West Main Street hill construction of the symbol of the community s prosperity, the new Cherokee County Court House (historic view, 1892, at left) was underway during the summer months of 1891 when the two floods occurred. The project that had been rejected in 1884 by county referendum was approved in The same architectural firm that designed the old Addition School/Webster School (1891, nonextant), Zoll & Kramer of Findlay, Ohio, was selected to design the new courthouse in January The Addition School (nonextant) opened the spring of 1891 amidst a series of platted additions in north and northeast Cherokee referred to as Huxfordville Addition because most of the neighborhood was platted on additions laid out by Cherokee merchant, F.W. Huxford, in 1871 and These areas were steadily being built up in the years before and after the schoolhouse was finished. The school s popular Romanesque Revival design made the architect s similar civic courthouse design, shown at left, immediately popular. Built at the west end of the business district near several churches and at the entrance to residential blocks extending further west, the new courthouse s dedication in December 1891 was a welcome success following a summer of flooding. Throughout Iowa the decades of the 1880s and 1890s were ones of growth and expansion. Railroad connections were completed between major cities and county seat towns. Municipal improvements for water, sewers, street paving and lighting were completed or in the planning. Second generation civic and educational facilities were under construction or being planned. Industrial expansions were underway and the resulting housing booms to be expected were underway throughout the state. In Cherokee many of the same changes were underway. Population that had grown dramatically by 126% between 1880 and 1890 to 3,441, slowed in the post-flood decade with an increase of just 12% to 3,865 by Despite the slowing of overall population, new churches were completed, schools were replaced, a new railroad depot was completed, and the downtown flourished, photos on the following page. 9 McCulla, pp Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 25

26 Illinois Central Railroad Passenger Depot, historic view, August 17, 1903 West Main Street with depot grounds in foreground and Cherokee County Court House in center background, ca Cherokee had nearly every Christian denomination in place before 1900 with most regularly expanding as population grew. The steps for the establishment and growth of the Methodist denomination before and after the turn of the 20 th century was typical of many local churches. In 1870, the same year that New Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 26

27 Cherokee was founded, the first Methodist pastor came to Cherokee and the following year a small frame church confidently named First Methodist Episcopal Church was erected at the southeast corner of West Main Street and 6 th Street. Just seven years later, an addition was in place with the church on record as having housed other protestant congregations as they got started during the intervening years. In 1889 with adult membership at 175, a new brick corner-steeple form church, historic photo at right, was built on the site using a church plan book for the design and floor plan. This West Main Street neighborhood opposite the courthouse was referred to as Piety Hill for its elevation above blocks to the east and south and because multiple churches lined the immediate blocks. The Methodist Episcopal congregation continued to grow after the turn of the 20 th century and in the present church at 531 West Main Street (photo left, Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) was built on an enlarged site. Membership had doubled in the intervening years to 363 with a Sunday school of 322 predicting future growth. Further changes were made in subsequent years with a name change in 1947 from First Methodist Episcopal to St. Paul s Methodist and later to St. Paul s United Methodist after an inter-denominational merger. Well into the post-war years in 1955, records show a congregation of 987 and a Sunday school membership of 625. It was not surprising that expansion came again in 1962 with completion of a spacious multi-story east wing to house church offices and Sunday school class rooms. (Photo: Cherokee Co. Assessor s Office) The growth of church congregations such as St. Paul s Methodist Church was typical in Cherokee at the turn-of-the-century as a result of population growth and church mergers. Among the new second generation buildings erected were the First Baptist Church (1890, nonextant), the Congregational Church Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 27

28 (ca. 1895, nonextant), Immaculate Conception Catholic Church (1908, 709 West Cedar Street), Memorial Presbyterian Church (1911, 127 East Willow Street), and First Church of Christ ( , 137 Union Street). In several instances, new churches prompted the construction of new dwellings nearby. Other signs of community growth leading up to the turn of the 20 th century were the expansion and rebuilding of the downtown district from frame structures to multi-story masonry business blocks already well underway during the mid-1870s and continuing at a good rate into the 1890s. This is documented by historian James Jacobsen in his 1998 central business district study The Commercial Heritage of Cherokee, Cherokee County, Iowa The replacement of frame structures was in part the result of the opening of brickyards and artificial stone plants with sufficient local production by the early 1880s to provide for this important phase of fire-resistant construction. Old Garfield School New schools built during the decades immediately prior to 1900 included the original Garfield School (primary grades, nonextant) built northwest of the business district in 1884; the Addition School (primary grades, nonextant) erected on North Roosevelt in 1891 and later known as Webster School; and Lincoln School built in 1895 at the northeast corner of 1 st Street and West Main Street. Lincoln originally housed both high school and primary grades with the ranks of high schoolers expanding to 169 by Historic photos at right and below. Addition School/ Webster School Lincoln School/Old High School Cherokee had experienced three decades of both prosperity and adversity by The railroad had arrived and a division point was now headquartered in town employing dozens of men. New industrial plants were in place and growing as was the central business district. Blizzards and floods had been survived. New churches and schools had been established in the midst of prosperous and growing residential neighborhoods. 10 Jacobsen, James, The Commercial Heritage of Cherokee, Cherokee County, Iowa , National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form, a study prepared for City of Cherokee and the Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission, 6/18/1998; the Cherokee Commercial Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, 8/24/2005. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 28

29 The new Cherokee County Court House dominated the skyline along with a collection of church spires and grain elevators. The foundations for continued success had indeed been laid as the 19 th century drew to a close. C. Prosperity and Change, Two important landmarks demonstrated Cherokee s continued prosperity and the winds of local change as the 20 th century dawned for the next period of community development. First came completion of the Illinois Central Passenger Depot in 1896 along with expansion of the Illinois Central Railroad Yard on the southwest edge of the downtown. Second came the opening of the State Hospital for the Insane west of town begun the same year but not opened until First, came changes for the railroad. Business along the Illinois Central s main line to Sioux City and Waterloo and points beyond as well as along the branch lines to Onawa and Sioux Falls was brisk in the 1890s prompting company architects to plan a replacement station. Railroad planners were proved right when the state s agricultural economy was thriving by the time this 1903 photo, above, was taken Illinois Central Railroad Passenger Depot, 1896 (available online at: of the fashionable new Illinois Central Passenger Depot. Further expansion turned to more utilitarian structures including the lengthening of the freight house between 1909 and 1914, building of a new round house (nonextant) in 1915 along with a new turntable nearby the same year to handle the larger new generation of engines. The decade after World War I saw facilities of the Illinois Central Yard located south of the station expand further with enlargement of the existing American Express Building (1922), sand-drying house and sand house (1925), a 150-ton scale and scale-house (1929), and a new pump-house, oil storage building, ash-pit and boiler washout rack (all by 1930). These new or modified buildings and structures were built to serve an ever growing passenger and freight business, which totaled 13 passenger trains and 30 to 40 freight trains leaving the station daily during the peak years 11 of the 1920s. The combined IC employee workforce at the Depot and Yard during the 1920s exceeded 186 men according to IC telegraph operator, E.T. Biz Parker s booklet Record of Illinois Central Railroad Employees of 1924 compiled in 1984 based on a long career with the railroad. Three decades of steady growth came to a halt following the stock market crash of In 1934, belttightening for the railroad was underway with the decision to abandon the Onawa Branch with Onawa-to- Anthon completed in 1942, Anthon-to-Washta abandoned in 1977, and Washta-to-Onawa Jct. abandoned in Other cutbacks included closure of depots and reductions in the Cherokee crew, all completed by World War II. Then, in the early 1940s, a system-wide replacement and alteration program 12 for the Illinois 11 Cunning, Tracy Ann, James Bernek, Nicholas Pitsch and Rebecca Conard, PHR Associates, Illinois Central Railroad Yard Cherokee Historic District, National Register of Historic Places Nomination, (prepared as part of a larger study of Iowa railroads for the State Historical Society of Iowa, State Historic Preservation Office), 12/1/1989, listed on National Register 7/18/1990, pp Cunning et. al., pp Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 29

30 Central was announced. In Cherokee, the impact was seen with some of the Illinois Central Yard s structures razed and replaced with a new generation of more efficient buildings. In the case of the passenger station, a careful remodeling was carried out after considering and rejecting removal of the second floor. The Illinois Central Railroad Yard Historic District was listed on the National Register in 1990 and remains listed despite the removal of a number of resources and modification of others. Restoration of the passenger station remains underway in 2017 with most important projects completed; it is currently being reused as a community facility. The second important change at the turn of the 20 th century began with the successful legislative campaign to secure a commitment from the State of Iowa to locate a state hospital for the insane in Cherokee. Discussions begun in 1891 led to a vote in the General Assembly three years later in April 1894 with Cherokee defeating other Northwest Iowa communities for the hospital location. In August 1902 work on the building complex to house 700 patients was completed. Overcrowded hospitals in Clarinda and Independence sent 566 patients in just the first two weeks of operation. A view of the hospital below dates from soon after the facility opened. Cherokee State Hospital, ca. 1915, looking northwest The facility was known by many names through the years beginning with the Iowa Lunatic Asylum followed by the State Hospital for the Insane and in later years simply the Cherokee State Hospital. In recent decades the facility was most commonly referred to as the Cherokee Mental Health Institute. Architect for the building complex was Henry F. Liebbe, State Architect, who was responsible for the design of dozens of state buildings before and after 1900, built for the State of Iowa. The photo on the following page was taken from the rear of the property looking northeast in the 1920s. The farm buildings erected on the original 840 acre site were part of efforts at many State-owned facilities including prisons, orphanages, schools and hospitals. The goal was to provide for self-sufficient operations. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 30

31 By 1913, the hospital had over 1,000 acres of farm land along with cattle, dairy, horse, hog, and chicken barns or sheds. It also had large orchards and gardens to support residents with gardening and farm work considered therapeutic for patients as well. An inventory in McCulla s 1914 history of Cherokee County reported that in 1913, the hospital farm had 13 horses, 10 mules, 135 cattle, 814 hogs, 234 sheep, and 2,000 chickens. Corn, oats, and hay were grown on the farm land. The orchards produced apples, peaches, and plums. A portion of the garden produce reported was 10,000 bushels of potatoes, 118,167 pounds of cabbage, 2,800 quarts of rhubarb, 8,528 pumpkins, and 2,400 quarts of tomatoes. 13 All of the barns, stables, and other farm outbuildings were razed, or Historic view: Cherokee State Hospital, 1923, agricultural buildings, looking northeast (Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Library). Main Administration Building, left, looking NW, and Administration Building North Wing, below, looking SW (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016). removed and reused prior to In 1913 the Mental Institute had over 1,000 patients with the number growing to 1,700 patients by the end of World War II when employees peaked at over 500. The Cherokee State Hospital derives special significance from the plan chosen for its layout and operations. It was built according to a 19th century plan for psychiatric hospitals adopted across the United States 13 McCulla, pp Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 31

32 known as the Kirkbride Plan. A summary of the plan adopted for the physical layout of the Cherokee facility prior to its opening in 1902 appears below: The Kirkbride Plan is a 19th century building style that is the direct result of Dr. Thomas Story Kirkbride. Early in his career as superintendent of the Institute of the Pennsylvania Hospital he wrote a book titled: On the Construction, Organization and General Arrangements of Hospitals for the Insane. Within his book he espoused an architectural design for the hospital, administration of said asylum, placement of the hospital, and how the hospital grounds should be created and maintained. A Kirkbride Plan building consists of a center section for the hospital administration and (in the early days) a living area for the superintendent and his family. Behind and to either side of the administration section are "wings" that contain patient wards. The patient wards staggered out and back from the administration section. From the air the building would look like a "V" or a "bat wing". Chapels, auditoriums, libraries, and kitchens were often built directly onto the rear of the administration section as this was a convenient, central location for these facilities since the male and female patients resided on opposite sides of the building. The Kirkbride Plan allowed for many other advantages over previous building styles. It allowed for maximum amounts of light and ventilation into the patient wards. It allowed for easier arranging of patients by type, typically the noisier and more uncontrollable patients were placed in the wards farthest from the administration section. It also allowed for easy expansion of the hospital, additional wards could be built onto the ends of the existing building without disrupting daily life at the hospital. Kirkbride Plan buildings tended to become large, imposing, Victorian-era institutions, between 3-5 stories tall, [and] built on large extensively manicured grounds which often included farmland The Kirkbride Plan is still evidenced in the 1976 aerial photograph above, looking north and the Sanborn Map from 1924/1947 view of the campus on the following page. 14 Kirkbride Planned Institutions. Asylum Projects. Available online at: title=kirkbride_planned Institutions; accessed 9/2/2016. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 32

33 Cherokee State Hospital, Cherokee, Iowa, Sanborn Map Company, 9/1924; revised 3/1947, p. 15 (State Library of Iowa, available at: accessed 11/1/2016). As noted, the hospital population increased annually with a peak of 1,729 patients reached in December To accommodate this number, beds were placed in every hospital hall. Then, a statewide campaign Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 33

34 was begun to send patients back to their own counties whenever possible The discovery of psychotropic drugs in the 1950s for mental health treatment and the establishment of community-based services mental health centers in the 1960s saw the high census numbers in Cherokee decline. By 2000 the average daily census for the facility approximates less than 50 with lengths of stays shortened to an average of 25 days. Known as the "Cherokee Mental Health Institute" in 2017, the former mental hospital is now one of eleven programs operated under the oversight of the Iowa Department of Human Services at the Cherokee Regional Resources Center that is now reduced in size to a 208-acre campus. Public mental health needs of 41 counties for adults and 56 counties for adolescents in the western half of the state are served in various buildings while the South Wing provides housing for individuals in the Civil Commitment Unit for Sexual Offenders (CCUSO) that provides a secure, long-term, and highly-structured setting to treat sexually violent predators who have served their prison terms, but who, in a separate civil trial, have been found likely to commit further violent sexual offenses. 15 Most of the South Wing is currently home to CCUSO offenders, the criminally-insane and violent patients; it is surrounded by prison-grade fencing. A 2016 survey photo of the South Wing appears below with this and other 2016 photos for freestanding buildings on the campus on the following pages by Bruce Meyer, survey photographer. South Wing, built Civil Commitment Unit for Sexual Offenders, Iowa Department of Human Services, available online at: accessed 9/19/2016. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 34

35 Hospital Staff Duplexes, built ca Psychopathic Infirmary/Ginzberg Building, built pre-1914 North Ward A, built Donohoe Building, built 1932 Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 35

36 Fairview Cottage/Voldeng Building, built 1932 Wirth Hall, built ca The campus for the Cherokee State Hospital continued to be populated by a wide range of building types after the original 1902 Kirkbride Plan facility was completed. Most were built for specific purposes such as housing for farmhands (Fair View Cottage) which overlooked the farm fields and farm buildings on the west side of the campus. Housing for nursing students, other male and female employees, and professional staff Water Tower, 1926 (Duplexes) were put in designated buildings. Others structures such as the Water Tower built in 1926 was centrally located for related usage - patient rooms, kitchen/dining rooms, and the laundry building. The Water Tower also needed a central location for fire protection always a concern at the hospital. As population at the hospital expanded before World War II, additional patient housing was required in buildings such as the Wade Building and the Donohoe Building. Other buildings held multiple uses over time such as the Ginzberg Building, which first served as the Psychopathic Infirmary and later various uses after adding x-ray equipment, the dental office, the laboratory, surgery, morgue, and housing for geriatric patients. All of the farm buildings and the greenhouse were moved or razed as population at the hospital declined during and after farming was eliminated from all State-operated institutions by the 1970s leaving only the hospital cemetery on the west side of the campus. It is no surprise that the location and expansion of the Cherokee State Hospital drew private residential development in surrounding blocks after opening in This phenomenon is discussed in greater detail below as part of a discussion of the housing built along the 1100 block of West Cedar Street outside of the hospital s east entrance (p. 87). A similar though more diluted impact was felt throughout the town s residential neighborhoods, especially those in northwest Cherokee. A simple measure of the community s overall growth after 1900 as a result of both the Illinois Central Railroad s continuing investments in division point facilities and the State Hospital expansion can be seen in decennial population increases for Cherokee. After two decades of rapid growth in the previous century, city wide population stood at 3,865 in By 1910 it rose just over 26% to 4,884 with another 19% increase by in 1920 to 5,824. Illinois Central Railroad shipments to and through Cherokee were especially brisk during the 1920s. Despite the years of the Great Depression in the 1930s, population continued to Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 36

37 rise. On the eve of World War II in 1940, Cherokee s population stood at 7,469 up more than 28% in two decades. Numbers continued to grow at a slower pace after the war concluded reaching 7,705 in A full compilation of population changes and relative percentages of growth is included in Appendix C. It was also during the decades following the turn of the 20 th century that the changes brought by the automobile shaped the local economy and the appearance of the community. The town's business district along Main Street either side of 2 nd Street saw all of its frame buildings disappear before World War I with masonry structures of one to three stories in height in their places. Gas stations, automobile dealerships, and "modern" bridges were constructed in the community to meet the needs of a population falling in love with the car. Automobile dealerships clustered on the western edge of the business district with Piety Hill replaced by Auto Hill. Modern highway bridges and neighborhood bridges were erected beginning with the Good Roads Movement before and after World War I. Five wood bridges built in ca east of downtown over Railroad Creek were replaced between 1914 and 1917 according to newspaper accounts 16 for concrete bridges along Union Street, E. Willow St., Euclid Ave., and E. Maple St. The Cherokee County Board of Supervisors began the bridge replacements in 1914 with a project for 17 bridges and culverts and continued in Koss Construction Co. from Des Moines was the successful bidder for bridges described as Ibeam spindle rail designs. According to Sanborn Company maps all of the Railroad Creek wood bridges were replaced by these concrete I-beam spindle bridges that appear in photos later in this report as part of the discussion of the Railroad Creek Bridge Group/Historic District. Between 1900 and 1945, both business and residential neighborhoods were changing as the result of infrastructure improvements. Prior to 1900, high schoolers were housed in Lincoln School (nonextant), along with primary classes. Built in 1895, it was located on the eastern edge of downtown and appears at left in a postcard view. Growth in student populations and the desire for a high school education saw the number of secondary students expand greatly. By 1902, the high school housed on the second floor of Lincoln School located at the corner of 1 st and Main Streets had 169 students. These numbers continued to expand and in 1916, a new high school was built on the north edge of Wilson High School, historic view and current view, right. (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) 16 Cherokee County Board of Supervisors Minutes, Semi-Weekly Democrat, April 16, 1914 and March 26, Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 37

38 the downtown. As with Lincoln School, the new Wilson High School was centrally located for a citywide population of students. After Wilson High School opened, the original Lincoln School s second floor was used for junior high classes. The attic level and tower, were removed from the building in 1937 but the old school continued in use during World War II for both junior high and primary classes. A small addition was made in 1939 and Wilson High School s large auditorium seating 481 people was a source of community pride. On the eve of World War II, citywide enrollment stood at 1, W Cedar, Garfield School, 1934 During the Great Depression decade, the largest public building erected in Cherokee was the new Garfield School (extant) on the same site as the previous building (shown previously) at 515 W Cedar St. The 1934 school was designed by the Sioux City architectural firm of Beuttler & Arnold. The cost for construction of the one-story building was $42,853 with $12,500 coming from a Federal Public Works Administration grant awarded in Regular news accounts identified the tasks of workers, the number employed, and progress on the school. The primary school initially housed 224 students when it opened on November 7, Congressman Guy M. Gillette of Cherokee, a Democrat, was a speaker according to an account from The Cherokee Chief, November 1, 1934, at right. The building saw new additions in 1957, 1964 and 1972 as school enrollment in the surrounding neighborhood continued to grow during the post war years. By 1988 attendance had slowed to just 189 students. Classes were eventually limited to kindergarten through third grades and several special education classes before the school was closed in Photos of the new Garfield School shortly after being completed in November 1934 is above with a contemporary view of the former school building taken in 2016 by John Snapp on the following page. The Cherokee Chief, November 1, 1934 Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 38

39 2016 As with its schools, Cherokee housed its worshipers in a mix of new and old churches between 1902 and the end of World War II. Nearly all were located in the midst of traditional, established residential neighborhoods or more centrally located on the edges of downtown. As congregations grew, the common practice was for churches to add education wings or social halls. In some cases, growth was accommodated by the scheduling of multiple services thus extending the use for one church to a larger congregation. This had the positive effect of putting off the need for acquiring additional land for parking lot space until well after the war concluded. Both before and after the turn of the 20 th century, housing booms in Cherokee accompanied population increases. For example, the three decades between 1900 and 1930 saw population increase from 3,865 to 6,443 or more than 67%. During the same decades, the number of houses identified as potentially National Register eligible in the 2016 survey was 143 or just over half of all of the buildings between 1870 and 1960 evaluated as potentially eligible. This large portion of both population growth and surviving significant buildings evidences the importance of these post-1900 decades in Cherokee s history and architectural heritage. As a result, the largest proportion of potential National Register historic districts and historic neighborhoods also include substantial historic resources from these decades. Among these areas are the West Main Street Historic District and the Mental Health Institute and West Cedar St Historic District in northwest Cherokee and the Euclid Avenue Historic District and the Bailey Court and North Roosevelt Historic District in north central and northeast Cherokee. Development in these areas was organic that is, occurring over extended periods and absorbing change in the architectural forms and styles that were adopted by homebuilders. The development of an organic neighborhood can be seen in the Euclid Avenue Historic District. Even though the Huxford Extension Addition, Huxford 2 nd Addition, and Huxford 3 rd Addition were all laid out between 1871 and 1882 during New Cherokee s first decade, only eight of the extant houses pre-date 1900 while 18 were built after the turn of the 20 th century. A similar lag in homebuilding versus platting of subdivisions was true in other neighborhoods. As a result shifts in the popularity of house designs over time are reflected in nearly all residential neighborhoods in Cherokee, including those that saw the majority of their building during the era of Prosperity and Change, At the beginning of this era homebuilding in Cherokee had a well-established tradition of pattern book dwellings. The appearances, details, and floor plans for these houses were often based on collections of published designs from which new owners, their builders, and craftsmen could choose. Prior to the turn of the 20 th century, pattern book designs featured styles or blends of styles for a range of domestic architecture with an emphasis on Queen Anne and Eastlake designs or more basic vernacular forms with less elaborate Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 39

40 detailing derived from simplified versions of these styles. After 1900, remnants of these styles as well as Classical Revival designs appeared in pattern book offerings but with a shift towards variations of new forms including the American Four-Square, the Bungalow, and various small house forms. All of these pattern book house plans can be found in Cherokee neighborhoods though specific plan attribution is difficult during a reconnaissance level survey and will, therefore need to await an intensive level historic and architectural survey that includes closer examination of individual house plans. Good examples of the most important local architectural styles and vernacular forms are reviewed in the discussion of neighborhoods, landmarks and historic districts beginning on page E. Willow St., ca Typical of small house FHA Minimum House - Plan B with just 780 sq. ft. on the main floor. It was built in a low-lying area of Cherokee and was razed after the 2013 flood caused major damage in southeast neighborhoods along Railroad Creek. (Photo: Cherokee Co. Assessor s Office). However, one of the most important changes in residential designs from the Prosperity and Change years was popularized by new pattern books distributed in the 1930s. It began with the release of Federal government publications describing plans for what came to be known as the FHA Minimum House. 17 This Federal housing effort came about as a program to address the need for affordable housing and the high number of foreclosures during the late 1920s and early 1930s. Though this was more evident as a housing problem in urban areas across the country, variations of the FHA Minimum House appeared in small towns across Iowa. Introduction of this new house plan came shortly after President Roosevelt took office. The house designs specifically accompanied a series of changes in the banking system to address foreclosure problems. By 1934, Congress passed the National Housing Act of 1934 that created the Federal Housing Administration (FHA). Starting from scratch, the agency created a mortgage insurance program for qualified home buyers and homes that met certain minimal standards. A parallel effort within the FHA employed architects and experienced homebuilders to design improved and affordable home plans. In 1936 the agency published Principles of Planning Small Houses, which contained plans for simple 1-story and 2-story houses. The plan for House A contained just 534 sq. ft. with a small kitchen, large multi-purpose living and dining room, two bedrooms, and a bath. Within the homebuilding industry, it soon became known as the FHA Minimum House. Thousands of these houses and the slightly larger House B with 624 sq. ft. were built in the United States. The FHA Minimum House had a simple gabled roof form that could be set parallel with the street or, if a narrow lot required or the owner preferred, it could be oriented with the gable end facing the street. In either case the number of openings was kept at a minimum and decoration was limited to reduce cost. Locally, the idea of owning and residing in a small house rather than renting an apartment continued the preference of earlier immigrant homeowners. 17 Discussion for the FHA Minimum House largely taken from Marlys Svendsen s research for the Young s Hill/Kingston Neighborhood Historical and Architectural Survey Report. Cedar Rapids, Iowa: City of Cedar Rapids and Department of Community Development, Housing Services, 2008, pp Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 40

41 The front-gable form seen here featured just 480 sq. ft. in its 20 x 24 ft. floor plan. Other examples of the house from infill lots in northeast and southeast Cherokee appear below. The FHA Minimum House was praised for its careful economy and compact interior arrangement. When the second edition of the FHA s Planning Small Homes came out in 1940, it was also enthusiastically welcomed by the homebuilding industry. Architectural historians have noted that it introduced a dramatically different, flexible system of house design based on the principles of expandability, standardization, and variability. Praised for its livability, the simple one-story minimum house became the starting point from which many variations arose as rooms were added or extended to increase interior space. 18 Soon, private design services were offering dozens of variations of the FHA Minimum House to FHA-qualified homebuilders. Catalogues were distributed throughout Iowa by lumber yards and lumber dealers seeking to capture homebuilder interest by providing affordable yet attractive designs. Publication titles from the late 1930s and 1940s marketed homes based on the FHA s national goals for homeownership and affordability. The publications included in the representative list below contain virtually every house form built on small lots as infill construction before and after World War II in Cherokee. House Plan Catalogues 1930s and 1940s 622 Park Ave., 1935 (Photo: Cherokee Co. Assessor s Office). New Homes of Beauty and Character (The Packard Service Bureau, Davenport, Iowa, 1938) The Book of Economical Homes (Home Plan Book Co., St. Paul, 1941) The Book of Small Homes (Home Plan Book Co., St. Paul, ca. 1940) Selected Small Houses (Brown-Blodgett Company, St. Paul, 1939) Petite Homes of Budget Appeal (National Plan Services, Inc., ca. 1940) Small Homes Year Book (National Homes Foundation, Washington, D.C., ca. 1940) Small Practical Homes (Modern Homeways, Topeka, Kansas, 1945) Better Homes at Lower Cost, America s Best Planned Small Homes (Standard Homes Co., Washington, D.C., 1946) 18 David L. Ames and Linda Flint McClelland, National Register Bulletin: Historic Residential Suburbs, Guidelines for Evaluation and Documentation for the National Register of Historic Places (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, National Register of Historic Places), September 2002, p. 62. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 41

42 Foreword from Selected Small Houses (Brown-Blodgett Company, St. Paul, 1939) In many of the plan books, forewords contained information about FHA mortgages and illustrations to demonstrate the merit of long-term mortgages as a tool for accumulating savings. The 20-year mortgage described in the foreword for Selected Small Houses in 1939 (above left) was a new concept for many potential homeowners. The Small Homes Year Book published the following year was proud of the fact that it included plans developed and designed by Uncle Sam and the Building Industry as a guide for the Home Builders of America! It described the Mortgage Villain as dead as the result of long-term amortization of house debt. 19 The FHA philosophy of homeownership, good design, improved materials, and affordability was further explained in the Petite Homes of Budget Appeal with an illustration on the following page taken from the publication. 19 Small Homes Year Book (National Homes Foundation, Washington, D.C., ca. 1940), p. 29. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 42

43 Foreword from Petite Homes of Budget Appeal (National Plan Services, Inc., ca. 1940), p. 1. From the late 1930s through the post-war years, the FHA Minimum House evolved into what architectural historians call the Minimal Traditional House. This 1 or 1½-story Side-Gabled House form was modestly detailed, built with shallow or no eaves, occasionally had extended roof projections for entrance hoods or window bays, shed roofs or pediments for door hoods, but little ornamentation. The representative examples of the form evolved subtly over the decades as is shown in the dated examples from Cherokee neighborhoods on the following pages. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 43

44 The examples here and below were among the scattered infill houses built in northeast and southeast subdivisions of Cherokee during the decades before and after World War II. Locations included Saratoga Ave, Park Ave, Sumner St, Bailey Court, E Cedar St, E Spruce St and others. Note: Front-gable form with an enclosed gabled entrance porch and just 532 sq. ft. for the floor plan. 218 E Cedar, 1925 (Cherokee County Assessor photograph) Note: House measures just 28 by 24 feet or 672 sq. ft. with moderately pitched side-gabled roof; paired, 6/1 double-hung windows and extended roof slopes for the entrance hood and projecting center bay; gable eaves are absent. 457 Sumner St, 1940 (Cherokee County Assessor photograph) Note: Expanded use of attic space for loft or bedrooms and a singlecar garage with tilt-up door. House and Garage, 514 Park Ave, Sumner St, 1948 (Cherokee County Assessor photograph) Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 44

45 Note: Asymmetrical front façade with stucco and half-timbering finish on entrance portico s gable; very narrow eaves. House, 308 E Spruce St, 1948 (Cherokee County Assessor photograph) Note: Expanded use of attic for bedrooms, classic Chicago Window featuring large single-light central sash flanked by narrow double-hung windows for ventilation. 315 E Spruce St, 1949 (Cherokee County Assessor photograph) Note: Symmetrical front façade with paired 1/1 double-hung windows set at left corner for abundant light in front room. 534 Park Ave, 1949 (Cherokee County Assessor photograph) Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 45

46 In addition to the housing trend for building new smaller houses on scattered vacant infill lots such as those in the 1930s and 1940s in north central and northeast neighborhoods, another creative housing option included the conversion of existing dwellings to duplexes. This practice began during the Depression years as a source of supplemental income for the house owner/occupant. In these instances a large single-family saw up-and-down flats created through the addition of exterior staircases or the relegation of an existing rear stair case for use by a second upper unit. This arrangement gradually gave way during the post-world War II years to having both units serve as rental units in a duplex. A handful of new duplexes were also constructed on scattered sites including a 1939 Colonial Revival Style side-by-side duplex at Euclid Avenue shown at right. The practice of house moving in Cherokee appears to have always been a housing retention strategy particularly when large lots could be sub-divided or when a prominent corner lot could hold a larger house. Though difficult to document individual instances, news sources would frequently refer to moves after the occurrences of floods. Cherokee s position as the county seat of Cherokee County had a beneficial effect on its development throughout the Prosperity and Change years. Its role as a major shipping point on the Illinois Central Railroad, provided the opportunity for new and growing employment opportunities. In addition to being the commercial center for the county, it served as a focal point for civic and professional services ranging from schools, churches, physicians, and attorneys. Among the most important job generators, however, were manufacturing concerns established before the turn of the 20 th century that continued to prosper after 1900 and entirely new businesses that were established before World War II and continued to flourish into the latter half of the 20 th century sometimes with changing product lines. The success of these firms along with other employment sources created further demand for homebuilding efforts. D. Post-World War II, Euclid Ave, 1939 (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) The end of World War II in 1946 marked the beginning of the fourth period of development for Cherokee in this historic and architectural survey. A shift took place away from the wartime economy to post-war growth and the end of the decade of the Great Depression that preceded the war. This period began as a period of both grief for many whose lives had been disrupted by loss of family members. For others, the period dawned as one of optimism and forward thinking delayed weddings followed by the formation of new households, new home purchases, new employment and new or delayed family building. New would become the adjective of the day as residents of Cherokee during the 1940s and 1950s considered how to recover from both the Depression years and the strains of war. Changes in the economy were among the first new developments. Noticeable local shifts in employees for such major Cherokee employers as the Illinois Central Railroad Shops and the Cherokee State Hospital came first. As historians noted in describing the impact of World War II, in the early 1940s the [IC] railroad embarked on a system-wide replacement and alteration program. The overhaul of its physical plant and rolling stock cut operating costs and improved efficiency, and resulted in the third generation of Illinois Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 46

47 Central buildings in Iowa. The Cherokee depot survived replacement but underwent several changes. 20 In 1942, $50,000 was allotted for improvements to Cherokee, which eventually included depot work, freight house changes, and the engine house as well as an entirely new carpenter shop, electrician's shop, tool house, locker room, rip track house. System-wide freight ton miles for the IC system reached a peak of 24,012,000 miles in 1944 while passenger miles reached a peak of 2,225,000 miles the same year. Iowa mileage figures are not available. In general, less competition from highway trucks outfitted with rationed rubber tires, saw trains thrive in shipping both freight and troops. In the post-war years, the IC like many other railroads, set substantial employee reduction goals and began to acquire diesel locomotives to reduce operation expense. The railroad sought to reduce employment by one-half during the early 1950s while under Wayne Johnston, president of the IC ( ). The Cherokee Division s employment base likely reflected similar goals. A particularly difficult two-year period for the IC came in 1958 when revenues dropped 9 percent over the previous year. Shops were being closed throughout the system with employees laid off in large numbers. Employment on the railroad, which had been 33,140 in 1956, was down to 26,116 [by 1958]. 21 The Cherokee State Hospital workforce rose in the war years as the hospital population increased annually. As was noted previously patient numbers peaked at over 1,700 in This number declined by 1949 to about 1,300. The workforce size changed annually with professional staff seeing a high of 475 employees by the 1970s. Training increased to keep up with changes in care and treatment introduced after the introduction of psychotropic drugs in the 1950s. This change in treatment was accompanied by the development of community-based services offered at mental health centers in the 1960s. High patient census numbers in Cherokee declined to less than 50 with lengths of stays shortened to an average of 25 days. In 2017, the Mental Health Institute s workforce remains one of the four top employers in Cherokee with approximately 175 employees. Other employment growth at the end of the Great Depression and during or after World War II reflected expansion of Cherokee s downtown commercial center with businesses principally located on the perimeter. A growing number of automobile dealerships, filling stations, and repair shops took advantage of available vacant lots. Alternate locations for new or expanding businesses were along Federal and State Highways passing through or surrounding Cherokee along Federal Highway 59 and State Highway 3. The corridors formed by both of these highways provided excellent access for the shipping of supplies and finished products in the pre and post-world War II years. The summaries below of some of the more important growing and newly established concerns, though not comprehensive, provide an overview of Cherokee s manufacturing employment after the war. Employees and their families working for many of these firms became occupants of both existing and new residential neighborhoods with many of the new homes built on the edges of town. Among the older firms still prospering at the end of World War II was Caswell Manufacturing Company. It was established in 1903 as a manufacturer of sewer covers and over time shifted its production to swine equipment. Three brothers from the Caswell family originated the firm but by 1950, only Andrew Caswell played a limited roll. Active management was in the hands of William Morris with R.J. Thomas also involved. After World War I veterans included 15 Caswell workers and after World War II included 18 workers, nearly all native to Cherokee or Cherokee County who returned home after the wars to start 20 Cunning, et. al, Illinois Central Railroad Yard Cherokee Historic District, National Register of Historic Places Nomination, pp Murray, Tom, Illinois Central Railroad, (St. Paul, MN: Voyageur Press), 2006, p. 99; excerpts available online at: Illinois+Central+Railroad+employment +after+wwii&hl=en&sa=x&ved=0ahukewjswryoz5tpahud3ymkhal6brkq6aeinjae#v=onepage&q=illinoi s%20central%20railroad%20employment%20&f=false; accessed 9/16/2016. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 47

48 families. The Caswell Company manufactured a range of agriculture related products, the first being a thresher belt drive and a variety of attachments and the most popular by the end of World War II, hydraulic loaders. In ca. 1953, the company completed a new plant on Vine St. and gradually saw their product line specialize in swine equipment such as all-steel farrowing crates for advanced hog confinement feeding and farrowing. In 1960, Caswell acquired Grundy Manufacturing Co. and moved its facilities to a second plant in Cherokee to manufacture low angle tilt beds for trucks known as the Hydra-Tilt. By the mid-1970s, the two Caswell plants in Cherokee employed about 50 workers with more than 300,000 of the company s farrowing stalls in use on U.S. farms. Caswell became a subsidiary of Agri-Dynamics Corporation in 1969, which was an Iowa corporation designed to provide the farmer with labor saving equipment through leasing. On January 25, 1990, The Cherokee Daily Times announced that Caswell was about to close due to the drop in the farm economy. 22 The Hydra-Tilt beds for trucks continued in manufacture with about 1,200 manufactured annually during the early 1990s and distributed around the country under the product name OBECO. Residences occupied by the owner/management team of Caswell/OBECO include the Hall- Caswell House, 444 Euclid Ave (see photo, p. 117); the Larry and Betty French House, 520 Ash St; and the Andrew Caswell House, 508 Roosevelt Ave. An example of another agricultural equipment company was the business started by Vernon Lundell in Meriden in 1945 in his two-car garage. In 1951, Lundell moved his business to Cherokee where it prospered as the Lundell Manufacturing Company. It moved to a site along State Highway 3 where it expanded manufacturing to a robust agricultural equipment product line. These initially included such products as tractor drawn power mowers, wagon hoists, adjustable bulldozer blades and snow scoops, and various makes of loaders. Success saw the Cherokee plant expanded in 1953, 1955, 1956, 1959, 1961, and An undated Des Moines Register article from 1970 noted the 200,000 sq. ft. plant had 100 to 200 employees during the peak production season (Cherokee Archives Collection). In later years, Lundell Manufacturing turned their design and manufacturing experience to recycling operations, including pre-fabricated buildings, equipment and training for industrial duty densifiers, high speed shredders, low speed shredders, balers, high tech separation systems and more. In 1990 the company built a second plant in North Sioux City to manufacture the pre-fabricated buildings. In 2017, the next generation of the company operates as Lundell Enterprises Inc. in a 150,000 sq. ft. facility in the State Highway 3 corridor. Advertisement for Lundell Manufacturing Company, Cherokee Courier, Caswell Manufacturing Company, miscellaneous clippings, , Cherokee Area Archives Collection. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 48

49 One of the short-lived local manufacturing concerns actually began during the Depression years in Storm Lake. It moved its factory to Cherokee during World War II. In 1942, Dr. Albert G. Gran negotiated leased space in the former Mount St. Mary Convent building at 729 W. Cedar St from its owner/mortgage holder, the Massachusetts Mutual Insurance Company. Dr. Gran eventually became the owner of the building converting it to private apartments. However, in 1942 he started his stretcher factory in the building s basement. The patented stretcher was designed to be used in cars prior to use of custom designed ambulances. The stretcher could be placed in a sitting position and converted to a flat position once in a hospital setting. Dr. Gran had contracts with U.S. military units during the war and wrote about the use of his stretchers to properly immobilize patients in his book titled Handling the Injured. Production of the stretchers was stopped in the 1950s and equipment for the stretcher manufacture was still in the basement of the Gran Apartment Building as late as Another company took roots in ca at Schisselville in the midst of the Depression and was well situated to expand at the end of World War II. Joe Schissel operated the family farm and had added a rural hardware store to the farmstead so he knew a bit about retailing and farming practices. Like Vernon Lundell, Joe Schissel started his main business at his farm factory a converted farm garage - before moving to a new building on the north edge of Cherokee on U.S. Highway 59 in This occurred at the same time that municipal sewer and water was being extended to residential areas in that vicinity of town. Along with his sons Julian, Jim, and Robert, Joseph Schissel formed Schissel Manufacturing Co. to carry out the production of Murray Power Mowers. During the war years, production was limited by government quotas to 1,200 mowers per year that were distributed to 13 of 48 states. After the end of the war, the mowers, which were named for production engineer Roy Murray, were shipped across the country and to South America. The company had about employees by then distributing the power mowers through hardware dealerships and government contracts for the Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force and Public Housing Administration. In 1953, Schissel added production of a portable Little Sioux Power Unit to provide power in place of the tractor on the farm for a variety of machines including elevators. In 1965, a new larger plant was built on the Highway 3 bypass on the edge of town. The successful operation of some of these local manufacturers led to the start-ups of others. Long time Cherokee resident, Robert J. Thomas studied engineering at Iowa State College and worked in design at the John Deere plant in Waterloo during the 1930s. He returned to his hometown after marrying in 1939 and became a shop superintendent for Caswell Manufacturing Company. He worked on development of the company s first hydraulic loader for farm use. After serving in the Navy during World War II as a R.J. Thomas Mfg. Co. Building, historic view, ca. 1959, available online at: accessed 1/19/2017. machinist s mate he returned to Caswell until 1959 when he established his own business in order to manufacture his own designs. He organized the R.J. Thomas Manufacturing Co. in Cherokee along with his wife Doris and erected a new block building on U.S. 59 three miles south of Cherokee. As a company history notes, the 23 Dr. Gran started stretcher factory in basement, Cherokee Daily Times, March 26, Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 49

50 factory provided a location for the manufacture [of] R.J. s innovative invention, the Pulver Rooter with counter-rotating knives, which simultaneously cultivated and plowed corn and cotton fields. Later an insecticide bander was developed which proved very popular. Custom design work eventually led Thomas Mfg. into the park equipment business. 24 The popular park equipment line was named Pilot Rock and sold nationally and internationally by the mid-1970s. The equipment line grew to include eight basic product categories: charcoal grills, campfire rings, picnic tables, benches, trash and recycling receptacles, bike racks, site amenities and custom signs. By 2016 the family-owned company had about 65 employees and the plant had expanded 13 separate times. The R.J. Thomas family occupied several residences in Cherokee including the house at 402 Ash St (photo p. 140) that they lived in when the company was manufacturing Pilot Rock Brand products. Several other companies saw Cherokee branches established in the post-world War II years. One example was the Walnut Grove Products Company that opened a factory in The company was recruited by the Cherokee Industrial Corporation in 1958 to build a 40,000 ton capacity factory for the manufacturing of feed and supplements for cattle and hog production. The Cherokee plant was the sixth facility operated by Walnut Grove and the fourth established since When the local plant opened in early 1959 it employed 30 workers and ten years later employed people with a $200,000 payroll. The local workforce stabilized through the late 1980s at about 40 employees. In 1991 the company was sold by Walnut Grove Products to the Nutrena Division of Cargill Incorporated. By 1996 the Cherokee plant had reduced its workforce to 10 employees and the plant s warehouse was relocated to Sioux City. Its closure was announced in late A second example of the arrival of a national industrial concern in Cherokee after the war came when Wilson & Company, the third largest meat packer in the U.S., opened a $4 million-plant in 1965 with a workforce of 265 employees. The plant had a capacity for 16,000 hogs and 3,600 cattle per week or about 1 million head per year. The plant spurred railroad shipments with 1 million pounds shipped daily in Wilson Car Lines, part of a fleet of 1,200 refrigerated cars, as well as the company s truck fleet. By 1972 sausage production was added but in 1976, beef slaughtering was suspended. Processing of hams was added the following year giving the company a capacity to produce 42 million pounds of smoked and cooked hams annually. By the mid-1980s, Wilson & Company was restructuring and closure of the hog slaughtering operation in Cherokee took place with 250 local jobs cut in Two years later, the Cherokee plant was sold to Doskocil Companies Incorporated of Hutchinson, Kansas. During the next decade, changes in ownership and meat product lines occurred frequently. By 1997, IBP Inc. purchased Wilson s Continental Deli from its parent owner Foodbrands America Inc. the former Doskocil Companies. At the time, the Cherokee plant had 625 employees. Building additions continued and existing facilities were re-worked. By 2001, the Continental Deli line became part of Tyson Foods with 700 workers in place by Product lines and workforce numbers continued to fluctuate until 2014 when Tyson announced the closure of the plant that affected approximately 450 workers. While manufacturing concerns grew up on the periphery of Cherokee, the central business district straddling U.S. Highway 59 and Main Street, thrived in the post-war years. The story of retail businesses was researched, evaluated and documented in historian Jim Jacobsen s The Commercial Heritage of Cherokee, Cherokee County, Iowa study prepared for the City of Cherokee and the Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission in No additional documentation for this commercial neighborhood has been prepared as a part of this report. However, it should be noted that the stable 24 "Pilot Rock, RJ Thomas Mfg. Co. Our Company s History, available online at: /AboutUs/OurHistory.aspx; accessed 1/19/2017. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 50

51 commercial district continued to provide rental housing in upper levels of many buildings and surrounding residential districts after the war. West and east facing photographs below from the post-war years were taken from the intersection of Main St and 2 nd demonstrating the thriving nature of Downtown. By the end of the Great Depression and war years, local residents like most Iowans, were discussing the need for new schools. On a national basis, school construction was associated with the confluence of three trends. The first involved a dramatic increase in post-war births that saw national rates rise from 2.36 million per year in 1940 to 3.47 million per year in Approximately 78.3 million Americans were born during the demographic boom from The second trend saw the end to the hiatus in school construction from ca to 1946 associated first with the Great Depression and followed by the construction shortages of World War II. This abatement, however, was not seen in Cherokee where the completion of the new Garfield School was a Federal Public Works Administration project in The third trend was less measurable but nevertheless significant for new school building. It involved implementation of progressive education philosophies and practices formulated during the 1920s that contrasted new child oriented teaching with an earlier era of one-size-fits-all instruction. Implementation of progressive education strategies was largely, though not wholly, left to be implemented Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 51

52 until after World War II concluded. Discussions about shifts in demographics and school design made their way into popular national magazines as well as regional newspapers soon after the war. Writing in an article for Popular Mechanics in 1950, Clifford Hicks succinctly summarized the problem 7 million war babies who are now answering school bells Hicks bemoaned that fact that the United States still had 75,000 one-room schools that were dispensing a 50-year-old brand of education. More than 20 percent of schools, including Lincoln School and Webster School, had been erected before the Spanish-American War. In a typical Popular Mechanics can-do approach, the author asked and answered his own question - What s to be done? The Federal Security Agency says we must build 300,000 new classrooms during the next 10 years to siphon off the wave of war babies and replace 200,000 classrooms which will become obsolete during that period. Tables identifying estimated enrollment in schools such as those above were published in mainstream publications such as Parents Magazine as early as 1948, well before the first war babies entered kindergarten. When converted to classroom needs, the baby boom figures indicated that Iowa needed 5,000 replacement classrooms and a similar number of added classrooms according to Parents Magazine. In Cherokee the post-war response to education needs was first reflected in construction of a new high school Washington 1954 High School in Located at 600 W. Bluff St., portions of the physical plant Washington High School, 1954 (History of Schools in Cherokee, Iowa, ; available online at: FiMTdfQzNTb2JXVTA/view; accessed 9/22/2016) were completed incrementally with additions to other schools. A referendum in 1955 was approved for the construction of class room additions to both Webster School and Garfield School as well as a gymnasium Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 52

53 and class rooms at the high school. The former Wilson High School (extant) at 100 E. Willow St. was converted to junior high classrooms in 1953 and continued this use until The elementary school measures approved for Webster School at 400 Roosevelt Ave. saw a flat-roofed, singlestory addition with four classrooms completed in 1955 (historic view left) and the school with a second addition completed in 1972 following the successful 1970 referendum. ca Webster School, 1955 (History of Schools in Cherokee, Iowa, , p. 15; available online at: k12.ia.us/file /d/0b6g3upqjn_fimtdfqz NTb2JXVTA/view; accessed 9/22/2016) Washington High School s class rooms and a 2,400 seat gymnasium were completed in giving the school a U- shaped plan. The third addition in 1972 included an auditorium and more class room space Washington High School, (Cherokee County Assessor Aerial photograph, 3/21/2016) 2016 Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 53

54 A major change came in Cherokee schools in 1960 as a result of the new state law that required all areas of the state to be part of a twelve grade school system by July 1, In September 1960 at school elections, the question put to voters was to consolidate the Cherokee School District with districts in Afton, Cherokee, Pilot, and Rock Townships under the name Cherokee Community School District. The measure was approved allowing the school systems involved to comply with new law. To accommodate Cherokee s post-war student enrollment growth and shifting requirements for all schools such as the need for libraries in each elementary school, construction of two new elementary schools in Cherokee took place in Lincoln Elementary School at 320 S. Roosevelt Ave. (nonextant) and Roosevelt Elementary School at 929 N. Roosevelt Ave. Spring or summer floods in the low-lying areas surrounding Lincoln Elementary School in 1965, 1980, 1982, 1983, 1984, and 1985 saw the school closed after the term. 25 In the years following World War II, churches behaved much like schools. The buildings got larger as enrollments or memberships grew employing strategies of re-use, expansion, consolidation, and new construction. Because church growth was often represented by a disproportionate increase in the number of young members, building expansion included more space for Sunday school classroom space. The professionalization of the role of church leaders also saw an a more generous allotment of Above: Memorial Presbyterian Church undated, EBay photograph available office space for management of online at: &_frs=1; accessed 9/20/2016. congregational activities as well Below: 2015, Memorial Presbyterian Church website, available online at: as the private office space for the pastor or priest. Some expanded church spaces included enlarged sanctuaries or entrance spaces. Both St. Paul s United Methodist Church discussed above (p. 25) and the Memorial Presbyterian Church shown as originally built, at right above, and as it appears in 2016, immediate right, were examples of early 20 th churches that completed post-war expansions. The 1911 Presbyterian Church at 127 E. Willow Street had 25 Svendsen, Marlys, Historical and Architectural Reconnaissance Survey for 2013 Flood Projects DR in the City of Cherokee, Cherokee County HADB Des Moines, Iowa: Iowa Homeland Security and Emergency Management Department) 4/27/2015, p. 3; statistics available online at: weather.gov/ahps2/crests.php?wfo=fsd&gage=chki4; accessed 3/10/2014. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 54

55 an Education Building expansion completed in 1965 that included a conversion of the former Sunday school room to use as part of the sanctuary as well as creation of new classroom and office space. By that time, the post-war congregation had 670 members. The story of several other churches established before World War II had been to make plans for growth by first reusing existing buildings and to later build new structures as membership growth required. This practice was repeated by two local Lutheran churches the German Lutheran Church/Trinity Lutheran Church Missouri Synod and the Swedish Lutheran/Bethlehem Lutheran Church. Members of the German Lutheran Church organized in 1921 with services first held in the Swedish Lutheran Church building located at W Maple and S 6 th Streets on Sunday afternoons and evenings. In 1923 the congregation purchased a lot on E Cedar St. and later that year purchased and relocated the former Unitarian Church building from South 2 nd Street to 211 E Cedar St. (photo above). The simple, front-gable frame church was used until the congregation grew in size. It is used as apartments and much altered in A location to build a new church was identified several blocks to the no at 230 N. Roosevelt Ave. It was acquired in 1946 and architects Thorson & Thorson of Forest City/ Waterloo 1951 Trinity Lutheran Church, ca (EBay photo online, accessed 8/23/2016) 211 E Cedar St. (County Assessor photograph) were retained to complete the design. The first service was held in September 1951 in the completed Trinity Lutheran Church, 230 N Roosevelt Ave - ca (John Snapp, photographer, 2016)- Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 55

56 basement. The north two-thirds of the building was dedicated in April 1952 with the church appearing in the historic photograph on the previous page. Subsequent construction between 1956 and 1964 completed a south addition, bell tower and gallery visible in the 2016 survey view also on the previous page. The Swedish Lutheran/ Evangelical Lutheran Bethlehem Church founded by Swedish immigrants was the other Lutheran example of growth after the war. The church originally met in the old G.A.R. Hall (extant) at 110 Union Street beginning in Three years later, the congregation moved to Piety Hill to build their first church at West Maple and South 6 th Street (nonextant). Continued growth saw the congregation share a pastor with Bethany Lutheran Church in Marcus for a time until 1929 when the two churches separated and Bethlehem Lutheran Church, 300 East Bow Drive 1964 (John Snapp, photographer, 2016) Bethlehem Lutheran rented the former Congregational Church (nonextant) in 1930; the church was purchased in 1939 (nonextant). In the post-world War II era, the Bethlehem Lutheran congregation expanded further with 490 adult members in 1951 growing to 579 by After a national church merger in 1962, growth continued with construction of a new building in 1964 on the north edge of Cherokee at 300 East Bow Drive (photo above). Dozens of platted lots already served by sewers and water lines in Cherokee were in place for housing expansion in the post-war period. Some were scattered throughout the oldest neighborhoods situated near downtown. Others were in newer additions to the north. To attract relocating families and to house returning veterans, several creative housing strategies were undertaken. One involved the adaptive reuse of a type of pre-fabricated wartime building form known as the Quonset Hut. In 1946 cities across Iowa announced the receipt of these housing units from the Federal Public Housing Authority. The initial purpose of sale of these units was to shelter veterans and their families. These small buildings proved highly portable and the one that appears at left is found within the northeast blocks of the survey area. Re-erected at the corner of Clark and Park Streets in 1946 the original onestory ogee-shaped roof house measured just 24 by 20 feet. After a low-pitched gable addition was added when the house was set in place, the body of the house was clad in modern Transite siding that remains in place 70 years later in Clark St, 1946 (John Snapp, photographer) Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 56

57 O.D. Mulky House, 522 N 11th, 1948 (Cherokee County Assessor photograph) More common in the post-war years, was the continued construction of Minimal Traditional house forms on both a modest scale or in some instances, on a larger more elaborate scale. The Mulky House example at left was built at 522 N 11th in The design absorbed modifications to its traditional Minimal Traditional plan to increase its total size. These included use of 1½ stories of height to add approximately 470 square feet in the dormer room space on the second level. This example demonstrates how the Minimal Traditional plan could be adapted to a small lot in an older neighborhood otherwise filled with full 2-story homes, most on larger lots. The house at 304 N Saratoga Ave, at left, was built in 1952 and is an example of the more common Minimal Traditional form built with a narrow, asymmetrical façade that retained sufficient space for a Chicago window left of the entrance. This grouping featured a 304 N Saratoga Ave, 1952 (John Snapp, photographer, 2016) large square, fixed-sash flanked by narrow 1/1 double-hung windows that first appeared in Chicago skyscrapers at the turn of the 20 th century. It had the advantage of providing generous light-gathering and efficient ventilation. By the 1960s these windows were more commonly known as picture windows. The extended roof slope across the front of this house served the dual purpose of providing a simple door hood and window hood. A second one-story vernacular house form introduced during the post-world War II boom period in Cherokee was the Ranch or Rambler. Like the Minimal Traditional form, the Ranch/Rambler included a one-story rectangular or square house plan configured to fit the available vacant lots existing in neighborhoods that ranged in size from 40 to 60 feet in width. The narrow width of lots meant that the horizontal nature of the Ranch/Rambler house form was turned 90-degrees to fit on the narrow but deep lots. Ranch/Rambler houses built on either narrow or wide lots featured low-pitched side-gabled or hipped roof. In some cases hip-on-hip projections gave the houses shallow L-plans. In some instances, the garage was attached at one end of the house but in others, garages remained free-standing structures located along rear property lines. Ideally suited lots including several corner lots that had previously held large twostory houses provided wide-open areas for the house to be viewed at a distance. This vernacular house form continued to be adopted for new single-family dwellings in the neighborhood throughout the last half of the 20 th century. Examples of four Ranch/Rambler forms found in Cherokee are on the following page. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 57

58 517 N 11 th St, 1949 Cross-Hipped Roof Form (John Snapp, photographer, 2016) Lyle Poulson House, 624 Sherman St, 1952 Cross-Hipped Roof Form (John Snapp, photographer, 2017) 901 W Cherry St., 1955 Side-Gabled Roof Form (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) 405 Spruce St., 1966 Hipped Roof Form (Cherokee County Assessor photograph) Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 58

59 By 1960, population peaked at 7,724 in Cherokee. A steady decline occurred in subsequent years with population in 2010 standing at 5,253 and a further estimated decline by 2015 to 5,030. County Assessor records indicate that the town had grown to have a total of 3,831 buildings within Cherokee's corporate limits and 2,003 of those are residential buildings including both single and multifamily structures. 26 A list of the 107 major subdivisions appears below (dated list unavailable) as of 2016 appears in Appendix D in this report. Ament 1st Add. Ament 2nd Add. Ament 3rd Add. Anderson-Hatch Add Bailey Court Barry's Add. Beckman's 1st Add. Blair's Add. Burgess Add. Burrough's Magnetic Spring Add. Burrough's West Add. Carlson-Hyndman Add. Cherokee NE Industrial Park Clarke's Replat Colony Sub. Blk. 1 Corbett's Add. Corbett & Kellogg's Sub. Country Club Estates 1st Add. Country Estates Coyote Ridge Add. Doherty's 2nd Add Doherty Add. 1st Filing Dunkelberger's Add. Fisher's Add. Fishman's 1st Add. Fishman's 2nd Add. Fishman's 3rd Add. Fishman's 4th Add. Glasson's Add. Goodrich's 1st Add Goodrich's 2nd Add. Green's Add. Greer's Add. Haselhoff's 1st Add. Hayward's Add. Hayward's Sub. Major Subdivision Names Hillside Add. Hilltop Replat Hobart's Add. Hull's, Darius, Add. Huxford's 2nd Add. Huxford's 3rd Add. Huxford's Extension Hy-Vee Add. Johnson Sub. Jones Add. Lake Street Addition Lebourveau's 2nd Add. Lebourveau's Add. Loeson's 2nd Add. Louck's Add. Lowry's Replat Lundsgaard's 1st Add. Lundsgaard's 2nd Add. Lundsgaard's 3rd Add. Lundsgaard's 4th Add. Lundsgaard Brothers' 1st Add. Lundsgaard Sub. Mason's Sub. Millard's Add. Morning Side Add. Nehring's Sub. New Cherokee (Original Town) New Cherokee 10th Add. New Cherokee 11th Add New Cherokee 12th Add. New Cherokee 13th Add. New Cherokee 14th Add New Cherokee 15th Add. New Cherokee 16th Add. New Cherokee 1st Add. New Cherokee 2nd Add. New Cherokee 3rd Add. New Cherokee 4th Add. New Cherokee 5th Add. New Cherokee 6th Add. New Cherokee 7th Add. New Cherokee 8th Add. New Cherokee 9th Add. Oak Knoll Add. Ogilvy's 1st Add. Ogilvy's 2nd Add. Oleson's 1st Add. Osterling Add. Parkview 1st Add. Parkview 2nd Add. Parkview 3rd Add. Parkview 4th Add. Pilot Rock 1st Add. Pritchard's 2nd Add. Pritchard's Add. Ridgeview Heights Rigg's Sub. Riverside Add. Sanford & Moore's Add. Sanford & Moore's Annex Schoon Industrial Park 1st Addition South Highland Addition Steele's 1st Add. Steele's 2nd Add. Sullivan's Add. Valley View Add. Vandercook's Add. Ver-Mar Heights Ward & Whitmore's Add. West Knoll Add. Woodlawn Add. 26 with current statistics for Cherokee building stock provided by Nate Cockburn, GIS Tech/Appraiser, Cherokee County Assessor s office, May 29, Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 59

60 IV. NEIGHBORHOODS AND HISTORIC DISTRICTS Overview of Residential Neighborhood Development The development of residential neighborhoods in Cherokee began with the establishment of the New Cherokee plat or Original Town in 1870 by proprietors George W. and Sarah Lebourveau, and Carlton and Rosabella Corbett. This was followed shortly by the decision to position the central business district blocks immediately east and west of the planned diagonal route of the Illinois Central Railroad through the New Cherokee (Original Town). In subsequent months and years, subdivisions were laid out in all directions from the Original Town including many by John I. Blair, a prominent railroad builder in Iowa, and the Town Lot Company, which was known as the Iowa Railroad Land Company beginning in Others were platted by individuals who owned and developed large Cherokee holdings like the Lebourveau and Corbett families. These also included land owned and platted by several early bankers and lawyers N.T. Burroughs, F.W. and Edward D. Huxford, William A. Sanford, and Nestor L. Stiles. Residential neighborhood growth required public improvements including the grading of streets and alleys; the demarcation of measured lots; the location of pedestrian paths, sidewalks or boardwalks; the siting of houses; the building of wells, cisterns, and private or public sewer systems. Over time, neighborhood development also included construction of outbuildings, installation of street lights, paved streets, curbs and gutters, and both private and public landscape improvements. Among the most important improvements was the provision of a municipal water supply for potable water and firefighting that first came in The waterworks was established at the east end of Main Street near the banks of the Little Sioux River at a depth of and about 200 feet. A pumping station distributed the water by a network of about 12,000 feet of iron pipes throughout the city with an approximately 80 feet high standpipe constructed on high ground west of town (N 11 th St and Hill St). The waterworks was completed at the cost of $20,075 between July and September By 1914 there were a total of ten miles of water mains to help sustain residential growth in every direction from the central business district. A. Northwest Neighborhoods West Main Street Historic District The residential blocks extending along West Main Street from 6th to 11th Streets, along West Willow Street from 8th St to 11th St, and intersecting sections of 6th through 11th Streets, both north and south of West Main Street, comprise the largest group of contiguous blocks potentially eligible as a National Register historic district in the residential neighborhoods of Cherokee. Named after its principal transportation corridor, the main blocks of the West Main Street Historic District contain approximately 93 primary buildings, all single family dwellings and a handful of converted duplexes, which were developed on adjoining sections of additions platted soon after New Cherokee (Original Town) was platted. A second group of blocks south of West Main St that needs further evaluation to determine if they retain sufficient integrity to be part of the historic district contains approximately 31 primary buildings on two and one-half blocks north of Elm St and west of S 7 th St. This area is referred to in later discussion as the Possible Extension Area. The combined size of the main blocks and the extension area includes 124 primary buildings. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 60

61 New Cherokee was officially recorded in September 1870 and included blocks along the diagonal route of railroad lines immediately west of downtown Cherokee and the blocks north of West Cherry Street. Between the mid-1870s and 1901, a series of narrow additions extending both north and south from West Main Street were laid out. The east end of West Main Street just east of 6 th St became known as Piety Hill for the group of churches immediately south and east of the Cherokee County Court House. The newly platted additions extending to the west began with Blair s Addition (1870) and continued to the west with New Cherokee 1 st Addition (1875), New Cherokee 5 th Addition (1882), New Cherokee 6 th Addition (1883), New Cherokee 7 th Addition (1887), New Cherokee 8 th Addition (1888), New Cherokee 13 th Addition (1891), New Cherokee 16 th Addition (1901), and Burrough s West Addition (1897) with several un-platted lots at the far west edge of town. All of the New Cherokee Additions were laid out by the Town Lot Company and its successor, the Iowa Railroad Lot Co. Blair s Addition was platted by John I. Blair. Though the easternmost blocks were platted at the same time that the New Cherokee Original Town was laid out in 1870, only two houses in West Main Street Historic District from the neighborhood s first decade appear to have survived. One house is located at 109 S. 7 th Street was built in 1873 and a second at 714 West Main Street was built in 1878, photo at right. The balance of this large residential neighborhood located immediately west of downtown developed from the 1880s into the early 1960s. In 2017, moderate to well-preserved examples of vernacular house forms and residential architectural styles demonstrate the choices of homebuilders and the skills of local craftsmen W Main St, built ca (Bruce Meyer, survey photographer) The West Main Street Historic District contains 11 surviving houses from the 1880s and another 19 from the 1890s. These two decades saw substantial development in the community related to commercial growth, industrial success, and railroad transportation expansion. The downtown blocks were just a short distance from this neighborhood. The new Illinois Central Railroad Shops located about a mile southeast of this west side neighborhood were completed in Some of its workforce of engineers, mechanics, and rolling stock operators looked to nearby neighborhoods for housing in both single-family dwellings and rooming houses. Both were present in this neighborhood but more research is needed to identify occupancy of railroad workers over time. Other residents who built houses before and after 1900 were downtown business owners and professionals including bankers and lawyers along with a wide range of shop keepers, livery owners, blacksmiths, clerks, school teachers and others. It is not surprising that several of the neighborhood s prominent residents resided in outstanding examples of Queen Anne Style houses that became popular during the pre-1900 decades. The James C. and Lucy Hall House at 822 W Main St was built in 1890 and was a good example of the style when the survey photo at left was taken 4/2016. J W Main St, built ca (Bruce Meyer, survey photographer) C. Hall was an original incorporator of the Cherokee State Bank in 1888 and later served as vice-president and president. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 61

62 A fellow Cherokee Bank board member and attorney, Ernest C. Herrick and his wife Marion (Hall), built an even more superlative example of the Queen Anne Style several years later in 1893 at 801 W. Main St. Named Elmdene by its owners, who were the Hall family s daughter and son-in-law, the turreted house was built in a Free Classic, Hipped Roof variation of the Queen Anne. Its first floor was constructed of Sioux Quartzite, a regionally prominent building stone, and upper levels were clad in narrow clapboards and decorative shingles. The brick-paved drive served an elaborate porch and porte-cochere extension. The house site is surrounded by a low Quartzite and limestone retaining wall on three sides. A two-story clipped-gable carriage house completes the spacious lot. The property passed to Ernest and Marion s son, W. K. Herrick, also an attorney, and his wife Inez. It remained in the Herrick family until it passed to another Cherokee banking family with New York roots, the owners of T.S. Steele & Son, later known as Steeles Bank. Founded in 1874 by Thomas H. Steele, it was eventually owned and operated by him with his brothers D.T. and J.F. Steele. The W. Main St house passed from the Herricks to Harrison C. and Lydia J. Steele in An historic view of the house from before the turn of the 20 th century when W Main St remained unpaved appears below followed by a 2016 view of the house and carriage house taken in Ernest C. and Marion (Hall) Herrick, 801 W. Main - Queen Anne Style (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 62

63 After the turn of the 20 th century, robust home building continued in the West Main Street Historic District. With 47 houses built between 1900 and 1920 and another 10 added by 1930, some homebuilders used traditional forms and architectural detailing but most adopted forms introduced in house plan books or magazines such as the American Four-Square or Bungalow. Earlier architectural detailing from the Queen Anne or Classical Revival styles continued in some Four-Square houses while an entirely new style, the Craftsman Style, was used for the most popular forms in the neighborhood. These included variations of the Bungalow, the American Four-Square, and both one and two-story versions of the Side-Gable and Front-Gable forms. The result was great variety in the neighborhood s new dwellings. The most common Craftsman Style features included vertical lights in the upper sash of double-hung windows, knee-brace brackets along eaves and entrance hoods, geometric patterned stained glass windows in entrance surrounds, and dormers of all shapes on attic levels, along extended walls and above spacious porches. A list of Craftsman houses in the district along with estimated construction dates and a selective set of photographs appears below and on the following page with the estimated dates of construction noted. Craftsman Style Houses in the West Main Street Historic District Willow St, W 1908 Craftsman/Bungalow, Side-Gable, 2-story 111 9th St, S 1910 Craftsman, Front-Gable, 2-story th St., S 1911 Craftsman, Am. Four-Square th St., S 1913 Craftsman, Am. Four-Square 808 Main St, W 1913 Craftsman/Side-Gabled/Center-Gable, 2-Story 926 Willow St, W 1913 Prairie School/Craftsman, Am. Four-Square 700 Main St, W 1914 American Four-Square 1015 Main St, W 1914 Bungalow 802 Main St, W 1914 Craftsman/Side-Gabled, 2-Story th St., S 1915 Am/ Four-Square 710 Main St, W 1915 Bungalow th St, N 1915 Craftsman, Am. Four-Square th St, N 1915 Craftsman, Front-Gable, 2-story 912 Willow St, W 1918 Craftsman, Am. Four-Square 915 Willow St, W 1919 Craftsman, Front-Gable, 2-story 730 Main St, W 1919 Craftsman/Am. Four-Square 909 Willow St, W 1920 Am. Four-Square 920 Willow St, W 1920 Craftsman, Front-Gable, 2-story 900 Main St, W 1920 Craftsman/ Bungalow, 1-story 704 Main St, W 1921 Craftsman, Front-Gabled, 1½-story 109 9th St, N 1925 Craftsman, Front-Gable, 2-story 1107 Main St, W 1915 Craftsman, Front-Gable, 2-story 111 Main St, W 1925 Prairie-School/Am. Four-Square 623 Main St, W 1929 Craftsman, Side-Gable, 2-story, Duplex 904 W. Willow, 1908, Craftsman/Bungalow (Bruce Meyer, survey photographer) 900 W. Main, 1920, Craftsman/Bungalow (Bruce Meyer, survey photographer) Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 63

64 710 W. Main, 1915 (left) and 704 W. Main, 1921 (right) Craftsman, Bungalow and Front-Gable Photographs by Bruce Meyer and John Snapp 1107 W. Main, 1915, Craftsman, Front-Gable 111 S 9 th St, 1910, Craftsman, Front-Gable 806 W. Main, 1913, Craftsman/Side-Gable 802 W. Main, 1914, Craftsman/Side-Gable The Appleyard House at 806 and Gracey House 802 W Main were both likely built by the Gracey Brothers Construction Co. Robert Gracey and his wife Alida resided at 802 W Main for 22 years from 1914 to W. Main, 1919, Craftsman/Am. Four-Square Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 64

65 E. Holmes & Winifred Cantine House, 1110 W. Main, Prairie School/Am. Four-Square (Bruce Meyer, survey photographer) Concurrent with the introduction of Craftsman residences, several Prairie School Style houses appeared in the neighborhood. Both examples in the West Main Street Historic District use the American Four-Square form while incorporating Craftsman Style windows as well as Prairie School elements. In the two examples at left and below, a raised belt course separates the first and second levels, an extremely low-pitched hipped roof is found in one case with wide eaves in both examples, a solid-color stucco or brick finish, and a strong horizontal appearance for the porch and sun room all features common in Prairie School houses. The Cantine House at 1110 W Main St may be based on a design by Omaha architect Everett Dodds or Waterloo architect Howard Burr. The 1930s saw new construction fall off in the historic district in part due to the economic issues of the Depression decade but also due to the small number of remaining lots available. For vacant lots that remained, most were small in size and well-suited for the seven houses that were constructed between 1933 and They included several examples of small Minimal Traditional houses and variations of FHA Minimum House plans discussed earlier most located in the 600 block of W. Main St and to the south. Another of particular interest is the only example of a Mission Style design identified during the 2016 survey - a cottage likely built as a rental investment at 915 W Main St by Edgar and Margaret Fassler, farmers. The Fassler rental house is clad in stucco, has a deep and narrow floor plan for the small lot and a series of contiguous gables facing the street including the main house and the front entrance enclosure. It features a brick surround with a semi-circular arch typical of Mission Style dwellings. The entrance roof has an extended slope and vertical multi-light upper sash both typical features of Craftsman dwellings. The house contains just over 1,100 sq. ft. on one level. Edgar and Margaret (Olsen) Fassler Rental House, 915 W. Main, Mission Style (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) T.G. and Emma Hill, House 926 W. Willow, Prairie School/Am. Four-Square (Bruce Meyer, survey photographer) Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 65

66 The World War II years continued the pace of modest residential construction in the district that included the introduction of Minimal Traditional houses. Four district houses were built on small lots in the 100 and 200 blocks of S 9 th St and two more on W Willow St. including the one shown here. The house at 932 W Willow was completed in 1941 and is the only example of a Cape Cod cottage variation of the Minimal Traditional house form in the neighborhood. The symmetrically placed gabled attic dormers demonstrate the capacity of this 1930s FHA Minimum House plan to grow into the second floor from a very small first floor just 24 by 32 ft. or 768 sq. ft. 108 S 10 th St, 1952 Ranch/Rambler (Cherokee County Assessor photograph) 735 W. Main St., 1957 Ranch/Rambler (Bruce Meyer, survey photograph) 932 W. Willow, 1941 Cape Cod cottage, (Bruce Meyer, survey photographer) After the war and into the 1950s nearly all of the remaining vacant lots in the neighborhood were filled with 20 new houses. Most were small scale examples of Minimal Traditional forms or modest Ranch/Rambler forms. The houses below are examples of compact Ranch/Ramblers built with single-bay attached garages during the 1950s. Both originally featured wide clapboard cladding with a masonry veneer (brick or synthetic stone) on a lower section of the front façade. They each have a low-pitched side-gable roof with a projecting wing. For the W. Main St. house, the wing has a pent-gable roof and caps the entrance bay. For the S. 10 th St. house, a hipped roof tops the projecting garage bay. Square footage for the two houses ranges from 1,000 to 1,300 sq. ft. Most Ranch/Rambler designs feature a plan similar to that of 108 S. 10 th St. built in 1952 with a sleeping section at one end of the house, a garage at the opposite end and the family living area in between. In the case of the house at 735 W. Main St., the sloping topography of the narrow site and the walk-out basement level set the living area at one end, the garage at the opposite end, and bedrooms in the center of the main floor. The usage areas are similar. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 66

67 A larger example of a Ranch Style house was built later in the decade at the western edge of the historic district the Dr. James H. and Inez Wise House at 1129 W. Willow St. in This house has a very lowpitched cross-hipped roof with deep eaves. The walls are clad in several sizes of long, solid-colored reddish brown brick with (detail photo at right) white mortar that enhances the horizontal design of the house. Throughout the house single-light paired windows prevail. The attached double-bay garage faces the street in the west wing and is connected to the living area that spans the ell in the floor plan. The sleeping section is at the end of the north wing. Dr. James H. & Inez Wise House, 1129 W. Willow St., 1959 Ranch Style (John Snapp, photographer) Ranch Style Houses in the West Main Street Historic District s and 1960s th St, S 1950 Ranch/Rambler th St., S 1952 Ranch/Rambler 901 Willow St, W 1952 Ranch/Rambler th St, S 1955 Ranch/Rambler 817 Willow St, W 1956 Ranch/Rambler 735 Main St, W 1957 Ranch/Rambler 811 Willow St, W 1957 Ranch/Rambler 1006 Main St, W 1958 Ranch/Rambler 1129 Willow St, W 1959 Ranch/Rambler th St, S 1960 Ranch/Rambler 700 Elm St, W 1961 Ranch/Rambler Two other houses built in the early 1960s on the west edge of the district would be classified by architectural historian Virginia McAlester as Mainstream Modern: Contemporary houses. Dr. Jeremiah F. Lawler and his wife, Mary Margaret, built the first of these two examples in 1960 at 1125 W. Willow St. This site was immediately next door to the Ranch Style house built by Mary Margaret s parents, Dr. James H. and Inez Wise, next door at 1129 W Willow St. Dr. Wise and Dr. Lawler were partners with Dr. Harlow Fishman in the Cherokee Clinic, which Wise founded. A photograph of the Wise House on the following page shows its naturalistic setting, its combined stone veneer and board-and-batten wood siding, and its uncommon flat roof give this house its distinctive design. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 67

68 Lawler-Hayden House, 1125 W. Willow St., Mainstream Modern/Flat-Roofed Contemporary (John Snapp, photographer, 2016) The second Mainstream Modern house is at 1114 W. Main St and was built in It is an example of one of the Gable-Roof variations first experimented with during the 1950s and 1960s. This house has a 1114 W. Main St., Gabled-Roof Contemporary (John Snapp, photographer, 2016) broad, intersecting gable roof with the ends slanting outward and upward like a ship s prow. The eaves have varying depths. This roof slope and eave technique was used by architect Frank Lloyd Wright in the 1950s for residential designs and by other architects for churches of the mid-20 th century. Guy M. and Rose Gillette House One of the residences in the West Main Street Historic District preliminarily identified as individually significant on the state and local level under Criterion B for historic association with former U.S. Congressman and U.S. Senator Guy M. Gillette is located at 111 N 11 th St. The Guy M. and Rose Gillette House was built in ca and was occupied by the Gillettes beginning in 1940 when Guy Gillette was Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 68

69 serving in the US Senate from and during a second term from Brief biographical summaries from two sources describing his productive career while residing in Cherokee and representing Iowa in Congress are quoted below: Sioux City Journal Communications, 2016 Progress Area & Ag Edition, Area Town Questionnaire, February 2016: One of our most famous residents was Guy Gillette, a former Cherokee City Attorney, County Attorney, State Senator, Congressman and US Senator who raised peacocks in his back yard on West Willow Street in Cherokee. Elected to the US House in the Democratic Party landslide of 1932, he served in the US Senate from and from Sen. Gillette passed away in 1973, and is fondly remembered by many local residents. Supposedly he was on President Truman s short list for Vice President, although we are told that was a long short list. Sen. Gillette was particularly known for, as a Democrat, standing up against President Roosevelt s 1937 court-packing scheme. His actions stunned Roosevelt, as Gillette was also a Democrat. Roosevelt tried to defeat Gillette in the 1940 Democratic primary, and Gillette won. The controversy increased Gillette s popularity. Many elderly Iowa Republicans proudly admit to voting for Guy Gillette. 27 Guy M. and Rose Gillette House, 111 N 11 th St, 1898 (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) The Biographical Dictionary of Iowa (Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa Press), 2009: Gillette, Guy Mark (February 3, 1879 March 3, 1973) U.S. senator and Democratic political leader was born on a farm near Cherokee, Iowa; attended local schools; and enlisted for service in the local National Guard company at the age of 14. He was a sergeant when the Spanish-American War began in Disorganized and decimated by typhoid and other diseases, the company made it only to Georgia and returned to Iowa without firing a shot. Gillette earned a law degree from Drake University in 1900 and began a practice in Cherokee. He married schoolteacher Rose Freeman in 1907; the couple eventually had one son. He intermittently took various political offices, including city attorney, county prosecutor, and state senator, before he served in France during World War I as a captain in the U.S. Army. He lost a race for State Auditor in 1918, and left his political career to operate a farm near Cherokee. Gillette returned to politics in 1932 with election to the U.S. House of Representatives as part of the Democratic landslide led by Franklin Roosevelt. After two terms, he won a special election to fill a vacancy in the Senate. Although he generally supported the New Deal, Gillette became a thorn in the administration's side by aggressively challenging President Roosevelt's Sioux City Journal Communications, 2016 Progress Area & Ag Edition, Area Town Questionnaire, February Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 69

70 efforts to "pack" the Supreme Court with six new associate justices. In addition, Gillette opposed the anti-lynching bill, the new wage and hours bill, a new farm bill, and aspects of the new Social Security system, thus establishing a reputation as somewhat of a maverick politician. As a consequence, Harry Hopkins and other advisers to President Roosevelt led an effort to replace Gillette with a more loyal Democrat. In Iowa's 1938 primary, administration officials supported the candidacy of Congressman Otha Wearin, but Gillette's connections with mainstream Iowa Democrats allowed him to defeat Wearin and then prevail over the Republican nominee, L. J. Dickinson. Returned to the Senate, Gillette continued his nonconformist tendencies. In 1940 he opposed the re-nomination of President Roosevelt for a third term since he believed that the tradition of the two-term presidency should be preserved. At that time, he allied himself with isolationist politicians, and thus opposed Lend-Lease, draft extensions, and other bills that the president called for. After the United States entered the war, however, Gillette quickly became more of an internationalist. In 1942 he gained considerable national attention for his work as chairman of the subcommittee of the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. Commonly known as the Gillette Committee, this body aggressively challenged the shortfalls in the nation's preparedness for war. In particular, the Gillette Committee established that the administration had not prepared for Japan's seizure of virtually all American rubber imports, and that it had hastily begun to invest in synthetic rubber from expensive and unproven technologies that used petroleum as the raw material. In contrast, Gillette and his colleagues demonstrated that surplus grains such as wheat and corn could be turned into synthetic rubber through methods that were sustainable, renewable, and potentially less expensive. In fact, much of the American synthetic rubber produced during the war did derive from farm products. Gillette also gained national attention during the war when he led the campaign for an Equal Rights Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Arguing that the time was right, in particular because of American women's contributions to the war effort, Gillette's call for equal rights made it through the Senate Judiciary Committee but did not get through the Congress as a whole. Gillette also led an effort to amend the Constitution's requirement for a two-thirds majority to ratify any treaty, but that, too, failed to pass. Some floated Gillette's name as a possible opponent to President Roosevelt on the Republican ticket. Although Gillette opposed Roosevelt's fourth nomination as the Democratic candidate, he remained a Democrat. He lost his seat in the 1944 general election to Republican Bourke Hickenlooper. Gillette then became president of the American League for a Free Palestine (ALFP), a group that aggressively championed the cause of Jewish refugees. In that role, Gillette stood near the center of debates over the future of the Middle East. The ALFP lobbied for a "democratic" Palestine in which both Jewish and Arab interests would be represented, and thus it came into conflict with positions advocated by other American, British, and Zionist politicians. In any case, Gillette's work helped accelerate the British departure from Palestine, contributed to the creation of the nation of Israel, and brought international attention to the plight of the displaced Palestinians. Gillette again ran for the Senate in 1948 and defeated incumbent George Wilson. In that term, Gillette lobbied for American farmers and their adjustment to postwar circumstances, and continued to broaden his involvement in foreign policy and international trade matters. He again gained national attention in 1951, when his Senate Subcommittee on Privileges and Elections launched an investigation of Senator Joseph McCarthy's financial entanglements and campaign practices. Gillette's work contributed to McCarthy's eventual censure and brought Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 70

71 broader reforms to the electoral process. Republican Thomas Martin defeated Gillette in his campaign for reelection in Gillette served as a Washington lawyer until 1961, when he retired and returned to his farm near Cherokee. He died at age The potential West Main Street Historic District is locally significant under Criteria A, B and C. Under Criterion A, the district derives significance under the category of Community Planning and Development. Resources within the district draw attention to the pre and post turn of the 20 th century development in various New Cherokee Additions in the blocks extending along and slightly north and south of West Main Street west of the Downtown. More specifically, the district survives as a collection of architecturally diverse residential building stock ranging from small 1-story houses to full 2-story residences occupied by a range of social and economic classes. Residents worked in the nearby Downtown, and for major employers such as the Illinois Central Railroad and the Illinois Central Shops as well as the Cherokee State Hospital, neighborhood schools, churches and the adjacent Cherokee County Court House. Under Criterion B, several of the houses in the district have historic associations with prominent civic leaders, at least one important elected official, and important businessmen and professionals. Examples include U.S. Senator Guy M. Gillette who served from the Great Depression through the 1950s, attorney E. C. Herrick, and Dr. James Henry Wise, founder of the Cherokee Medical Clinic. Under Criterion C, the West Main Street Historic District is significant as a representative collection of examples of domestic architectural styles and vernacular house forms that appeared in northwest and central Cherokee during the last decades of the 19 th century and the first half of the 20 th century. The architectural styles represented in the neighborhood include the Queen Anne, Classical Revival, Craftsman Style, and Bungalow Styles. Common vernacular forms include the one-story Hipped Roof House, the two-story Center Gable House, the 1½ or two-story Front-Gabled House, the one and two-story Side Gable House, and the two-story Hipped Roof/American Four-Square House. No reconnaissance or intensive level archeological surveys were conducted for properties within the potential district. As a result, no significance is claimed under Criterion D. The period of significance for this locally significant historic district is The time period marks the century during which nearly all of the primary resources and the majority of secondary resources were constructed. It also covers the years of Guy M. Gillette s career as a Federal legislator while residing in Cherokee. A list of resources within the district appears below along with a map of the West Main Street Historic District boundaries. West Main Street Historic District - Contributing and Noncontributing Resources Street Number Date Historic Owner/ Style/ Form or Non-Con Name 7 th St, S Vernacular, Gable Front & Wing, 1½-story 7 th St, S 107 ca Vernacular, Side Gable, 2-story 7 th St, S Vernacular, Front-Gable, 1-story 8 th St, N Hall, Karl W. & Carol [Conklin], House (Hall Colonial Revival, Gambrel Roof, 2-story & Implement Co.) 8 th St, S Vernacular, Front-Gable, 1-story Non-Con 28 Finlay, Mark R, "Gillette, Guy Mark," The Biographical Dictionary of Iowa (Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa Press), 2009; available on line at: accessed October 3, Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 71

72 Street Number Date Historic Owner/ Name Style/ Form or 9 th St, N Craftsman, Front-Gable, 2-story 9 th St, S Ranch/Rambler 9 th St, S Craftsman, Front-Gable, 2-story 9 th St, S Minimal Traditional, 1½-story 9 th St, S Minimal Traditional, 1½-story 10 th St., N Colonial Rev., Side-gable, 2-story 10 th St., S Craftsman, Am. Four-Square 10 th St., S Ranch/Rambler; Minimal Traditional 10 th St., S Craftsman, Am. Four-Square 10 th St., S Minimal Traditional, 1½-story 10 th St., S American Four-Square 11 th St, N Gillette, Guy M. Queen Anne/Classical Revival & Rose [Freeman] Gillette, House (attorney, farmer, U.S. Congressman & Senator) 11 th St, N Charlton, Edward Vernacular/Queen Anne, 1½-story R. & Sadie, House & (county recorder, coal merchant, retired) 11 th St, N Vernacular, Mansard Roof, 2-story 11 th St, N 203 ca McNeal, Mary, Vernacular, Front-Gable, 2-story House/ Bethlehem Lutheran Church Parsonage, pre th St, N Craftsman, Front-Gable, 2-story 11 th St, N Craftsman, Am. Four-Square 11 th St, S Medical and Vernacular, Hipped-Roof, 2-story Surgical Hospital/ Dr. Hornibrook Surgical Hospital Main St, W Binkley, H.E., House Queen Anne; T.J. Dickey, architect & Main St, W Blair, C. A, House (druggist) Queen Anne Main St, W Minimal Traditional, 1-story Main St, W Vernacular, Hipped-Roof, 2-story Main St, W 616 ca.1900 Vernacular, Hipped-Roof, 1-story Main St, W Vernacular, Hipped-Roof, 2-story Main St, W Am. Four-Square Main St, W Craftsman/Minimal Traditional, Clipped Side-Gable, 1-story Main St, W Craftsman, Side-Gable, 2-story, Duplex Non-Con Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 72

73 Street Number Date Historic Owner/ Name Style/ Form or Main St, W 625½ 1939 Craftsman/Minimal Traditional, Side- Gable, 1-story Main St, W 627 ca Vernacular, Hipped-Roof, 1-story Main St, W 627½ 1933 Vernacular, Side-Gable, 1-story Main St, W Vernacular, Front-Gable, 1-story Main St, W 629½ 1947 Vernacular, Side-Gable, 1-story Main St, W Vernacular, Hipped-Roof, 1-story Main St, W Vernacular, Side-Gable Roofed, 2-story Main St, W American Four-Square Main St, W Craftsman, Front-Gabled, 1½-story Main St, W Bungalow Non-Con Main St, W Vernacular, Side-Gable/Center-Gable, 2- story Main St, W Vernacular, Side-Gable, 2-story Non-Con Main St, W Vernacular, Gable-Front & Wing, 2-story Main St, W Vernacular, Mansard Roof, 2-story Non-Con Main St, W Vernacular, Gable-Front & Wing, 2-story Main St, W Molyneux, A. R. & Emma, House (lawyer) Craftsman/Am. Four-Square & Main St, W Ranch/Rambler Main St, W Lueder, C.F., Am. Four-Square House Main St, W Vernacular, Clipped Cross-Gabled, 2-story Main St, W Vacant Lot Vacant Lot Main St, W Queen Anne/ Classical Revival, Cross- Gabled, 2-story Main St, W 745 ca Leeds Family House Vernacular, Hipped Roof, 2-story Main St, W Herrick, Ernest C. and Marion (Hall), House (lawyer)/harrison C. & Lydia J. Steele; (banker) Elmdene Main St, W Gracey, Robert & Alida, House (farmer, Gracey Brothers, contractors) Main St, W Appleyard, W.L. E. & Ethel, House (furniture store/undertaker ); Brown, Leonard & Leola, House (Brown Oil & Supply, ) Queen Anne: Free Classic, Hipped Roof with Lower Cross Gables & Turret; carriage house Craftsman/Side-Gabled, 2-Story; Gracey Brothers - builder Craftsman/Side-Gabled/Center-Gable, 2- Story & & & Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 73

74 Street Number Date Historic Owner/ Name Style/ Form or Non-Con Main St, W Hall, J.C. (James Clifton) and Lucy, House (pres., Cherokee State Bank) Main St, W Weart, James & Mabel, House (second); (W.M. Lysaght Lumber and Grain Co./ Rock Island Lumber Co; bank board) Main St, W Simmons, Henry & Eunice, House Queen Anne/ Classical Revival Craftsman/ Bungalow, 1-story Vernacular, Hipped-Roof, 1-story & Main St, W Vernacular, Front-Gable, 1-story Main St, W 912 ca Neil, John R., House (hardware clerk) Queen Anne, 1-story & Main St, W Fassler, Edgar & Margaret (Olsen), Rental House (farmers) Main St, W Herrick, W.K, House Main St, W 918 ca Gracey, James, House (Gracey Brothers, contractors) Mission Style Cottage, 1-story No Style/Form Vernacular, Hipped-Roof with Cross Gable, 2-story & Main St, W 1002 ca Vernacular, Gable-Front & Wing, 2-story Main St, W Ranch/Rambler Main St, W Vernacular, Front-Gable, 2-story Main St, W Bungalow Main St, W Gracey, Robert, Vernacular, Hipped-Roof with Cross House (first) Gable, 2-story Main St, W Craftsman, Front-Gable, 2-story Non-Con Main St, W Cantine, E. Holmes & Winifred, House (farmer-breeder; associate of Wallace s Farmer Magazine) Main St, W Adamson, Whitfield & Lola, House Prairie-School/Am. Four-Square; attrib. arch., Howard Burr-Waterloo or Everett Dodds, Omaha Contemporary & Willow St, W Am. Four-Square Willow St, W Minimal Traditional, Side-Gable, 1½-story Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 74

75 Street Number Date Historic Owner/ Style/ Form or Non-Con Name Willow St, W Vernacular, Front-Gable, 2-story Willow St, W Ranch/Rambler Willow St, W 812 ca Vernacular, Gable-Front and Wing, 2-story Willow St, W Am. Four-Square Willow St, W Ranch/Rambler Willow St, W 900 ca Queen Anne, Hipped Roof with Lower Gables, 2-story Willow St, W Ranch/Rambler Willow St, W Craftsman/Bungalow, Side-Gable, 2-story Willow St, W 908 ca Vernacular, Gable-Front and Wing, 2-story Willow St, W Am. Four-Square Willow St, W Am. Four-Square Willow St, W Craftsman, Front-Gable, 2-story Willow St, W 918 ca Vernacular, Hipped-Roof, 1-story Willow St, W Craftsman, Front-Gable, 2-story Willow St, W 926 ca.1919 Will, T.G. & Emma, House/ Wiemers, Dr. Prairie School, Am. Four-Square & Eugene & Dr. Irene (Hollingsworth) - Cherokee CMHI, psychiatrist & psychologist Willow St, W Cape Cod, 1½-story Willow St, W Ranch/Rambler Non-Con Willow St, W Lawler-Hayden House (Lawler, Dr. Jeremiah & Mary Margaret; Dr. M.D. & Frances Hayden) Willow St, W Wise, Dr. James W. & Inez, House Contemporary, 1-story Ranch/Rambler Possible Extension Area Addresses in South Central Blocks of Neighborhood & & 7 th St, S Vernacular, Front-Gable, 1-story 7 th St, S Ranch/Rambler 7 th St, S Side-Gabled Roof, 1½-story 7 th St, S Bungalow, Side-Gabled Roof, 1½-story 7 th St, S Minimal Traditional 8 th St, S Vernacular: 1-story Gable-Front and Wing Non-Con 8 th St, S Vernacular, Hipped Roof, 1-Story 8 th St, S Vernacular, Hipped Roof, 1-Story 8 th St, S Vernacular, Hipped Roof, 1-Story Non-Con 8 th St, S Vernacular, 2-story Gable-Front and Wing Non-Con 8 th St, S Vernacular, 1½-story Side-Gabled 8 th St, S Ranch/Rambler Non-Con 8 th St, S Vernacular, Hipped Roof, 1½-Story Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 75

76 Street Number Date Historic Owner/ Style/ Form or Non-Con Name 8 th St, S Bungalow, Front-Gable, 1-story 8 th St, S Vernacular, Hipped Roof, 1-Story 8 th St, S Vernacular, 1½-story Gable-Front and Wing 8 th St, S Vernacular, Hipped Roof, 1½-Story 9 th St, S Ranch/Rambler 9 th St, S Vernacular Front Gable, 2-story 9 th St, S Vernacular Front Gable, 1-story 9 th St, S Vernacular Front Gable, 1-story 9 th St, S Vernacular Hipped Roof, 1-story 9 th St, S Vernacular Side-Gable, 2-story Non-Con 9 th St, S Vernacular Hipped Roof, 1-story 9 th St, S Vernacular Front Gable, 1-story 9 th St, S Minimal Traditional/Tudor Rev.; 1½-story 9 th St, S Vernacular, Front Gable, 2-story 9 th St, S Vernacular, Side Gable, 1½-story Elm St, W Ranch/Rambler Elm St, W Vernacular, 2-story Gable-Front and Wing Elm St, W Ranch/Rambler Non-Con West Main Street Historic District Boundary and Possible Extension Possible Extension Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 76

77 Immaculate Conception Church Historic District This small district is centered along a short stretch of the 700 block of W Cedar Street containing buildings associated with Cherokee s single Catholic parish Immaculate Conception Parish. The history of the parish dates back to the fall of 1870 when the first mass was held in the newly established community. By 1873 a lot in Block 7 of New Cherokee at 124 E Main Street was conveyed to the congregation and a small church (nonextant) was built by parishioners. By 1879 the church was found inadequate for the growing congregation and sold for use as a blacksmith shop. A new location on Lots 9, 10, 11 and 12 of Block 16 of Blair s Addition at the west end of the expanding business district was acquired for a second church. It was located on the south side of the 500 block of W Main St opposite the present day courthouse square. For a few years in the interim, services were held in private homes and at public halls such as Buchanan Hall. The new location known as Piety Hill because of the cluster of churches in the area, included construction in 1882 of the second Catholic church (nonextant) opposite the courthouse on W Main St, photo above. Five years later in 1887, the priest serving the Cherokee parish as well as those in Storm Lake and Maryhill, purchased Block 49 in the New Cherokee 6 th Addition on behalf of the local congregation for the cost of $2,500, which was raised by local contributors. Originally platted in June 1883, the substantial land purchase was likely made in anticipation of the construction of a larger church, a rectory and a parochial school in the future. Later in 1887 the Cherokee parish was assigned its first resident priest Father J. T. Saunders. His pastorate prompted the immediate need for a rectory, which was completed in 1892 at the cost of $3,787. The first of the Catholic buildings was built at the northeast corner of Block 49 facing W Cedar St. The rectory served its purpose from this location until when it was moved to the center of the block where it was reused in conjunction with the Gran Apartments Building at 729 W Cedar St. In 1905, Father W. P. Desmond began an industrious 14-year tenure at the Cherokee parish. Among his most lasting improvements on behalf of the parish were the planning and construction of the Immaculate Conception Church, 709 W Cedar St adjacent to the first rectory, both facing W Cedar Street as shown at right. This view was taken in ca Father Desmond was later described as having looked out of the west window in the rectory and seeing a deep gully and Times Gone By, Cherokee Chronicle Times, September 23, 2011, ca photo from the Cherokee Area Archives; also available online at: accessed 10/5/2018. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 77

78 sand dunes. 29 The view provided inspiration with the first actions taken being the filling and leveling of the west half of the block by volunteer parishioners. As this was proceeding, Sioux City architect William Steele was retained for church building project. The foundation and cornerstone were laid in the summer of 1907 with the $35,000 church dedicated in December The church measured 117 by 52 feet with the bell tower originally rising to 145 feet. The gilt cross that topped the spire was said to be seen for a distance of 12 miles according to a contemporary news account after the dedication. The article went on to state that the church was made of buff-spotted brick made in Omaha [furnished by Weart & Lysaght Company of Cherokee]. The foundation and trimmings are of Kasota [pink] limestone and the exterior presents a noble and stylish appearance. The interior plan is artistic and practical. It is gothic in its lines, trim pillars supporting the main nave. The sanctuary is spacious and admits of a deep recess for the high altar. The bare effect which the sanctuary walls would otherwise produce is broken by wide and lofty grill settings on either side. This feature is singularly unique. 30 During the same years that Immaculate Conception Church was under construction, Father Desmond began efforts to establish a Catholic school and a religious community of sisters to staff it. He learned that the Servants of Mary were planning to relocate their Novitiate and Motherhouse from Enfield, Illinois. Cherokee business and professional men donated $5,000 to supplement a $30,000 loan for the project and Immaculate Conception Church contributed the west half of Block 49. Named Mt. St. Mary Convent, the first building was dedicated along with Immaculate Conception Church on December 8, Above: undated photo, Times Gone By, Cherokee Chronicle Times, March 11, 2016, from Cherokee Area Archives; available online at: / html; accessed 10/5/2016. Right: Immaculate Conception Church and former Mt. St. Mary Convent (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016). The school was housed within the convent; it opened eight grades to 130 students in September The following year high school 29 Parker, E. T., History of Immaculate Conception Church: Cherokee, Iowa: , (Cherokee, Iowa: Immaculate Conception Church), 1983, p McCulla, Thomas, History of Cherokee County, Iowa, Volumes 1, (Chicago: S.J. Clarke Publishing Co.), 1914, p. 276; available online at: books.google.com; downloaded 3/5/2014. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 78

79 classes were added with boarding students in all grades housed within the convent from the start. The front (left) wing of Mt. St. Mary Convent below was the original building with wings added to give the building a T-shaped plan. After the church and convent dedications, Father Desmond continued planning for the building of a separate Immaculate Conception Parochial School (nonextant). This school opened in 1917 and was located at the southwest corner of Block 49 facing N 7 th St. Once the Immaculate Conception Parochial School was in operation, the convent became known as Mount St. Mary s Academy. In 1929, the building was converted to use as Cherokee Junior College. This was an inauspicious time for such a venture on the eve of the Great Depression and enrollment was never substantial. In 1939, the sisters were forced to turn the property back to the mortgage holder, Massachusetts Mutual Insurance Company. The Academy was eventually converted to apartment use. The remaining sisters still teaching at Immaculate Conception Parochial School, relocated to a stately house at 714 W Cherry St that was purchased for their use by Immaculate Ebay.com, View North-West from the M. E. (Methodist Episcopal) Church, Cherokee IA, ca. 1920; available at: ebay.com/itm/looking-northwest-from-the-methodist-episcopal-church-cherokee-ia-rppc-/ ?hash=item3d 20db4ac5:g:~YoAAOSwtnpXlgjn; accessed 10/5/2016. Conception Catholic Church. The long view above shows the Immaculate Conception Church property in northwest Cherokee sometime after the 1908 church was built and the ca. Aerial view of Block 49, looking SW, ca (Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Public Library) St. Mary s Convent had its wings added a few years later. The West Main Street Historic District appears in the foreground with electric lines extending along the boulevard of W. Main Street. The second photo above shows Block 49 looking southwest in ca.1956/57 after both the 1949 addition of Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 79

80 North 7 th Street a gymnasium-auditorium as a third floor to the 1917 school building, and after the $225,000 high school with a new gymnasium and classrooms was constructed west of the 1917 school in A new convent (extant) connected to the southwest corner of the church itself was finished in 1950, the same year a new rectory was built at 709 W. Cedar St. In 1969 the parochial school discontinued grades and in 1972 ceased operation of the lower grades. After a fire in August 1987 to the 1917 school building, it was razed in November later that year. In addition to the church, convent and school building, the Immaculate Conception Church Historic District includes a row of residences along the north side of the 700 block of W Cedar St. and both the original church rectory (now moved to the center of Block 49) and its replacement at 709 W Cedar St. The old rectory was converted to additional apartments when it was relocated in 1950 to the former convent property, which was converted to apartments in 1942 after the mortgage holder sold it to Dr. A.G. Gran of Storm Lake. It was renamed Gran Apartments. Dr. Gran also used the basement of the convent to manufacture medical stretchers based on his patented design. The stretcher became popular during World War II and into the early 1950s before modern ambulances were in use. West Cedar Street West Willow Street Photo: Cherokee Co. Assessor s Office; available online at The remaining residential buildings along W Cedar Street look out over the church square from a series of elevated lots to the north. The promise represented by the purchase of Block 49 for church use in 1887, construction of the new rectory in 1892 (now moved), and the new church in drew homebuilders to the neighborhood. The best preserved houses of the neighborhood are located along the 700 block of W Cedar Street. They date from the turn of the 20 th century with one constructed in 1952 just a year after the second rectory was built on the opposite side of the street. Nearby blocks contain early 20 th century houses but have experienced more alterations precluding their inclusion in the Immaculate Conception Church Historic District. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 80

81 Among the early private residence built along W Cedar St, was the Thompson-Fuhrman-Lewis House at 728 Cedar St built in ca Bessie and Luther Thompson were the original owners followed by a brief ownership by Frederick and Wilhelmina (Minnie) Fuhrman, Cherokee County farmers. Minnie reportedly was happy to move to the German neighborhood. They were owners from June to November At that time, the house was transferred to Robert A. and Mary Lewis; possession took place by the Lewis family in March Oral tradition has it that the property swap followed a card game and that neither wife knew of the transfer beforehand. Additional funds were transferred at the time of the swap that included the value of Lewis s 131 acre farm and substantial brick residence that were located south of Cherokee and the Little Sioux River. Robert A. Lewis took the proceeds from the land and house swap to apply towards construction and operation of the Lewis Hotel (NRHP-listed) in downtown Cherokee Above, left: Thompson-Fuhrman-Lewis House ca Queen Anne, 728 W. Cedar St. (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) Above, right: Historic View ca. 1905, (Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Public Library). Two other houses constructed at the turn of the 20 th century are located to either side of the Thompson- Fuhrman-Lewis House. Shown below they are the large American Four-Square house with Colonial Revival detailing at 722 W. Cedar St built after the introduction of concrete block and the J.H. and Sophia Brummer House at 736 W. Cedar St. completed in ca the same year that the new Catholic rectory was completed on Block 49. J.H. (Johann Heinrich) Brummer was a retired farmer and self-described capitalist by the time the 1905 Iowa Census was completed. The Brummers daughters, May and Mary, resided here in later years when the present porch replaced the original Queen Anne Style porches that had turned posts and spindled balustrades. Above, left: J.H. and Sophia Brummer House, 736 W. Cedar St - ca. 1892, Queen Anne; Above, right: 722 W. Cedar St., ca. 1905, Colonial Revival, American Four-Square (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016). The last Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 81

82 house constructed on the block opposite the church square was built in 1952 at 712 W Cedar St. It is an example of a vernacular Minimal Traditional one-story house with a cross-gabled roof. Its construction was likely prompted by completion of the new Immaculate Conception Rectory several years earlier. Immaculate Conception Church Historic District Contributing and Noncontributing Resources Street Number Date Historic Owner/ Name Cedar St, W 709- BLDG Immaculate Conception Catholic Church Rectory (second) Cedar St, W 709- BLDG Immaculate Conception Catholic Church Style/ Form Minimal Traditional/Cross- Gable Roof, 1½ -story Gothic Revival/ Romanesque Revival; Center Steeple Form (Wm. Steele, Sioux City, architect) Cedar St, W 709- BLDG Convent (second) Flat-Roofed, 2-story (attached to church) Cedar St, W Minimal Traditional/Cross- Gable Roof, 1-story Cedar St, W 716 ca Wilson, George, House Queen Anne, Hipped Roof with lower cross gables, 2- story Cedar St, W 722 ca Colonial Revival, Am. Four- Square Cedar St, W - At rear of lot Immaculate Conception Catholic Parochial School with Gymnasium/ Auditorium Cedar St, W Thompson-Fuhrman- Lewis House; Bessie & Luther Thompson; Frederick & Minnie Fuhrman; and Robert A. & Mary Lewis (second house) Cedar St, W / 1913/ 1929 Cedar St, W , moved from 709 Mount St. Mary Convent/Mount St. Mary s Academy/ Cherokee Jr. College/ Gran Apartments Immaculate Conception Catholic Church Rectory (first)/ Gran Apts Annex Cedar St, W 736 ca Brummer, J.H. & Sophia, House (retired famer/ capitalist Flat-Roofed, L-shaped, 2- story ; attributed builder Osterling Construction Co. Classical Revival, 2-story Gothic/Tudor Revival Queen Anne original; post-move - no style Queen Anne, Hipped Roof with lower cross gables, 2- story Contributing or HD-Non Contributing HD- Non-Con Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 82

83 The boundary for the historic district is limited to Block 49 and the south edge of Block 50 primarily due to building integrity. In addition the house owners have been identified as primarily members of the Immaculate Conception Catholic Parish. The preliminary boundary map appears below. Immaculate Conception Church Historic District Boundary Mental Health Institute and W Cedar St Historic District This moderate sized historic district comprises 30 to 40 primary buildings clustered in two areas the present-day Mental Health Institute (MHI) campus along the West Cedar Loop located on the west edge of Cherokee and a second group of single-family residences extending along the north and south sides of the 1100 block of W Cedar St leading to the hospital entrance for the original Cherokee State Hospital for the Insane. The development of the MHI and both historic and contemporary photographs of representative institutional buildings are contained in the earlier discussion of the MHI on pages The historic district discussion that follows focuses on the chronological development of the early hospital and its earliest architects. A subsequent discussion relates the development of private residential properties located in the residential block along the entrance approach to the MHI. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 83

84 Mental Health Institute Campus The main hospital opened to patients in 1902 and more than 20 substantially intact buildings remain in 2017 to tell the story of institutional care for the mentally ill patients in Iowa for more than 100 years. A chronology for the first 11 years of the MHI establishment prepared by architectural historian Wesley Shank appears on succeeding pages. Chronology: October Visiting Committee, composed of F. McCleland, H. M. Allen and G. H. Otis, reported that an additional insane hospital was needed in the Northwestern portion of the state and that construction should begin in October 8 An article in the Cherokee Times, entitled "Cherokee's Chances," discussed the possibility of locating the new institution in that town 1893 Visiting Committee reported that "the first duty of our legislature" should be to "make a liberal appropriation for an additional state hospital for the insane in the northwestern part of the state." 1894 January Citizens' committee was formed to "look after the interests of Cherokee," in the location of a new insane hospital March 23 The General Assembly approved a bill to establish a new hospital. April 24 Approval of appropriations for new hospital $50,000 for 1896, and $50,000 annually until the sum of $212,000 is expended, including $12,000 for the purchase of the site. Struggle among the towns of northwestern Iowa to secure the location of the insane institution. May 8 The Board of Commissioners met at Cherokee to organize their efforts to "select lands and adopt plans for the construction of a hospital for the insane at Cherokee." 1895 November 13 The commissioners recommended $100,000 per year appropriation; with that amount the hospital would be able to receive patients by April December 13 The commissioners prepared the invitation for proposals for "grading, excavating, and furnishing materials and constructing the foundations and basements for the administration building, the rear center building, and three sections (A, B, and C) of the north and south wings, and connecting corridors." The buildings mentioned constituted the whole main building. Proposals advertised for February 18 Bids were received, opened and read. Contract was let to J. F. Atkinson and Bro. of Marshalltown for $76,000. April 17 Additional appropriations (to those made by the 25th. General Assembly 31 Shank, Wesley, Project Director, Studies of Historic Iowa Architecture, Part 2: Cherokee Hospital for the Insane Main Building (Ames, Iowa: Engineering Research Institute, Iowa State University), July 1975, pp. 1-6; Sources for sections within the chronology have been deleted here but are included in the full document on file with the Iowa State Historic Preservation Office in Des Moines. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 84

85 in 1894) were made "to hasten the completion of the hospital;" $25,000 in 1896; $25,000 in 1897; $75,000 in 1898; and $75,000 in Proposals were prepared for erecting and enclosing the superstructure of the whole main building. December 1 December 16 Bids were received, opened and read. Contract was let to Butler-Ryan Company of St. Paul, Minnesota for $305,173, to be completed by December 1, The completed work by Atkinson and Bro. was turned over to the commissioners with an additional cost to the contract of $ April The contract was completed with Atkinson and Bro. Of the additional $960.56, $ was retained until this date "to guarantee against damage from frost." Appropriations were requested to complete two wings and the central building, based on estimates by architects, Josselyn and Taylor: $54,000 plastering and mason work 44,000 carpenter work and painting 8,000 stair and vault doors 24,000 plumbing and sewage 29,000 heating and ventilating apparatus 5,000 elevators and dumb waiters 85,000 misc. mechanical and electrical work 30,000 misc. supplemental services $279, April 9 The General Assembly approved additional appropriations: $50,000 on or after July 1899; $50,000 on or after July A $360,000 appropriation was requested to finish the main building, including equipment and furnishing, for construction of outbuildings, and for salaries for incoming employees. $450,000 was necessary, but the difference was available from a previous appropriation $360,000 was appropriated but construction was delayed because of high price of materials Winter plans, specifications, and estimates were prepared for the completion of the main building and for construction of a laundry building, power and engine house, coal house, and connecting corridor and tunnel March Contract was let to George J. Grant of St. Paul, Minnesota, in the amount of $227,375.00, for the work for which plans and specifications were prepared during winter of A request was made for $100,000 for erection of outbuildings, for miscellaneous equipment, and for ornamental grounds. Swain Nelson's Sons were employed as "landscape artists", and during 1901 drives and walks were located and tree and shrub locations were designated. However, in 1903 the hospital was still without "permanent walks and improved grounds" and according to the superintendent, this condition "deprived the institution of one of the most useful and valuable agents in the moral treatment of the insane". October 15 Construction was progressing: plastering and cement work in the main building were nearly completed; floors were laid, doors hung and general woodwork nearly completed in the south wards; the steel structure for the roof was being placed in position. An April 1902 opening was hoped for. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 85

86 1902 $100,000 was appropriated to complete buildings and grounds. March 17 April 4 June $400 was paid to Swain Nelson's Sons of Chicago on an $800 contract, for "preparing landscape plans and specifications." Approval of the change of the name of the institution to Cherokee State Hospital. Trees were ordered from both Swain Nelson's Sons and R. Douglas' Sons of Waukegan, Illinois. Types of trees, with prices by Swain Nelson's Sons, (which were considered high and were revised to be in line with their current prices) were: 150 box elder ($.35, $.28), 200 sugar maple ($.45, $.20), 150 American Linden ($.50, $.30), and 150 American Elm ($.48). R. Douglas' Sons donated a number of trees "and of course you will accept them as there is no law prohibiting us from receiving gifts for the state institutions, we being prohibited from receiving gifts only for ourselves or friends, but take all you can get for the state, from anybody" August 15 Hospital opened for the reception of patients. August 26 & 28 October patients were transferred to Cherokee from the mental hospital at Independence to add to the present eight patients. 252 patients transferred to Cherokee from the mental hospital at Clarinda. Ward for inebriates opened at Cherokee to serve the northern half of Iowa. Architects retained for this project, the fourth and last state mental hospital, was the firm of Josselyn and Taylor with offices in Cedar Rapids. Henry Josselyn had begun his career in construction in 1870 while obtaining practical experience working for his father, George Josselyn, who was employed at the time as the building contractor and construction superintendent for the Iowa Hospital for the Insane at Independence, Iowa. He studied at MIT briefly and worked in several architectural offices before taking a study tour in Europe. Upon his return in 1880 he set up a firm with his father, George, in Independence. In 1882, he left to join Eugene Taylor, his friend from his days at MIT. Taylor graduated from Grinnell College in 1875 where he took preparatory architectural course work, later attending MIT. Josselyn and Taylor formed a new architectural firm with offices in Cedar Rapids and Des Moines. The firm has been described by architectural historian Wesley Shank as one of the first modern architectural firms in Iowa. 32 After the completion of the initial design by Josselyn and Taylor, Henry Frantz Liebbe serving as architect for the Board of Control of State Institutions handled all work at the MHI from 1898 until A German native, Liebbe s family first settled in Muscatine before relocating to Des Moines. Prior to his employment by the Board of Control, Liebbe was a partner of William Foster in Des Moines beginning in Though 32 Shank, Wesley I., Iowa s Historic Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, (Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa Press), 1999, pp Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 86

87 self-described as the State Architect by 1901, Liebbe was also a partner in the firm Liebbe, Nourse & Rasmussen in Des Moines. The firm s commissions included important public and private buildings in Des Moines and around the state. Liebbe died in 1927 and was succeeded at the Board of Control by his son Henry James Liebbe until his own death in Henry J. Liebbe work included supervision of State hospital and penal institutions was well as maintenance projects. It is presumed that some of his work included oversight of new buildings and maintenance of existing buildings at the Cherokee facility. The architects who were employed to design MHI buildings and the aspects of these designs related to important institutional architectural trends across the United States during the early and mid-20 th century require further research than was possible during this reconnaissance level survey. An exhaustive evaluation of plans maintained for the Iowa Board of Control, Iowa Department of Administrative Services for the State of Iowa in Des Moines, Iowa will be required. Special attention should be given to the three sections of the Administration Building for Cherokee State Hospital for the Insane designed by Josselyn & Taylor, the Ginzberg Building, the Fairview Cottage/Voldeng Building, the Donohoe Building, the Wade Building, Wirth Hall, the four Employee Residential Duplexes, and the various support buildings and structures including the water tower, smoke stack, multi-bay garage buildings, and other outbuildings. Residential 1100 Block of West Cedar St Construction of the single-family residences in the district took place between ca and A section of the north side of the 1100 block appears in the photo above (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016). Similar large and medium-scale houses are found along both sides of W Cedar St. as it leads to the hospital entrance. These residential lots are part of Burrough s West Addition to New Cherokee, which was platted on May 27, 1897 by Nelson T. Burroughs and his wife Adeline along with J.L. Ferrin and his wife. The platting came just three years after May 8, 1894 when state officials met at Cherokee to organize their efforts to "select lands and adopt plans for the construction of a hospital for the insane at Cherokee." The plat extended along the eastern edge of the hospital site that was named State Street. Most of the house lots along W. Cedar St had a width of 60 feet and depth of 150 feet. The construction of houses began a few years after the State Hospital opened in An unknown number of houses built in anticipation of the 1902 opening were likely built on platted vacant lots located further east in the Burrough s West Addition. Construction of these houses also paralleled the growth of the hospital s physical plant and citywide population growth between 1900 and 1930 of 67%. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 87

88 J. Earl and Olive Wirth House ca. 1910, 1124 W. Cedar St.; (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) J. Earl Wirth originally held the position of assistant storekeeper at the Cherokee State Hospital beginning in a He was promoted to the position of steward (business manager) for the Hospital in December 1915 and worked in a similar capacity until In 1910 Wirth and his first wife, Olive, resided at 1124 W Cedar St. The Wirths had purchased a vacant lot and built the American Four-Square house in ca The couple separated by 1916 and by 1939, the Cherokee City Directory for that year lists J. Earl Wirth and his second wife Pearl residing on the grounds of the State Hospital. To determine the extent to which other State Hospital employees resided in the 1100 block of W Cedar St, a manual review of households in the 1100 block was carried out by John Snapp, a CHPC member and Cherokee Area Archives volunteer staff. Snapp examined Archives records for 1925, 1940 and 1945 recording occupants, street address, ages, and occupations. Marlys Svendsen reviewed the same addresses for 1939 using the only historic city 1135 W. Cedar St. ca (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) directory available for Cherokee published that year. Together the information from these four sources sheds light on the social make-up of this small neighborhood. By 1925 when most of the houses in the block were completed, relatively few of the houses appear to have been occupied by State Hospital workers. This was largely true for 1939, 1940 and 1945 as well. Exceptions noted in 1939 included Jeanne Griggs who resided at 1104 W Cedar (just outside of the historic district) who worked as a stenographer at the State Hospital and Jesse E. Griffith who lived at 1135 W Cedar (photo above) while working as an unidentified State Hospital employee. The Griffith home had likely seen an updating by the time the Griffith family resided here in A brief social study of the MHI neighborhood is provided on the following pages using a series of occupancy snapshots for the 1100 block of W Cedar St. The snapshots examine who resided in the houses, their ages and occupations. This information is identified in the three tables below that show the houses that were built and the occupant s information for 1925, and Lawrey, Jr., A., City Assessor, Cherokee Address Book. Unpublished, handwritten alphabetical list compiled for city of Cherokee residents, ages, occupation, street address, and including children s names and ages, January 1, 1925, January 1, 1940 and January 1, 1945 (Cherokee Area Archives); City Directory of Cherokee, Iowa, 1939 (Cherokee Area Archives). Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 88

89 1925 Assessor's Report - Cherokee, Iowa Street Number First Name Last Name Age Occupation W. Cedar 1115 Randall Gottschalk 24 Bookkeeper W. Cedar 1115 Celia Gottschalk 21 Wife W. Cedar 1116 Annie McTansey 46 Housekeeper W. Cedar 1119 William H. Schmidt 47 Furniture & Undertaking W. Cedar 1119 Blanche Schmidt 35 Wife W. Cedar 1120 Stacia Mansfield 51 Housekeeper W. Cedar 1120 Roberta J. Mansfield 25 Storekeeper W. Cedar 1120 Charles E. Mansfield 21 Clerk W. Cedar 1120 Lillian Coder 36 Milliner W. Cedar 1126 Edward Lee, Jr 44 Retired W. Cedar 1126 Josie M. Lee 44 Wife W. Cedar 1127 Lucy A. Bryant 65 Housekeeper W. Cedar 1130 Ben J. Gilleas 43 Sand & Gravel W. Cedar 1130 Edith L. Gilleas 40 Wife W. Cedar 1131 Marshall O. Wheatley 48 Salesman W. Cedar 1131 Jessie N. Wheatley 48 Wife W. Cedar 1135 Marion Marsh 63 Carpenter W. Cedar 1135 Caroline Marsh 56 Wife W. Cedar 1135 Nile H. Marsh 18 Labor 1939 City Directory and 1940 Assessor's Report & - Cherokee, Iowa Street Number First Name Last Name Age Occupation W. Cedar 1104 Mae Griggs 54 Housekeeper W. Cedar 1104 Wm H. Griggs 22 Laborer W. Cedar 1104 Harold R. Griggs 20 Laborer W. Cedar 1104 Jeanne Griggs Stenographer, St. Hospital W. Cedar 1115 Richard Trepp Employee, Standard Oil W. Cedar 1115 Alma Trepp None W. Cedar 1116 Dan L. Campbell 41 RR Brakeman, IC RR W. Cedar 1116 Jeanette Campbell 41 Housewife W. Cedar 1119 William H. Schmidt 62 Furniture Store W. Cedar 1119 Blanche Schmidt 50 Housewife W. Cedar 1120 Glen A. Norris 55 Norris Cherokee Motors W. Cedar 1120 Mabel C. Norris 52 None W. Cedar 1126 Walter Ballantyne 31 Laborer, Cherokee Hatchery W. Cedar 1126 Gladys Ballantyne 29 Housewife W. Cedar 1127 Frank M. Waters 47 Owner - dry goods store W. Cedar 1127 Leona Waters 41 Housewife W. Cedar 1130 Fred Kirchoff 56 Laborer W. Cedar 1130 Louise Kirchoff 51 Housewife W. Cedar 1131 M. O. Wheatley 63 Retired W. Cedar 1131 Jessie A. Wheatley 63 Housewife W. Cedar 1131 Sarah Pratt 88 Retired W. Cedar 1134 W. R. Griffin 69 Retired W. Cedar 1134 Matilda Griffin 65 Housewife W. Cedar 1135 Jesse E. Griffith 60 Employee, State Hospital W. Cedar 1135 Jessie J. Griffith 62 Housewife W. Cedar 1137 George P. Rapson 36 Prop. Rapson Motor Coe W. Cedar 1137 Mary J. Rapson 32 None Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 89

90 1945 Assessor's Report - Cherokee, Iowa Street Number First Name Last Name Age Occupation W. Cedar 1104 Mary Grigg 59 Housekeeper W. Cedar 1104 Harvey Grigg 26 Laborer W. Cedar 1104 Emil Lorenzen 31 Service (military) W. Cedar 1104 Jeanne Lorenzen 29 Housewife W. Cedar 1115 A. G. Eddy 76 Retired W. Cedar 1115 Lillian Eddy 76 Housewife W. Cedar 1116 D. L. Campbell 46 Conductor W. Cedar 1116 Jeanette Campbell 47 Housewife W. Cedar 1120 R. J. Rodman 54 Judge W. Cedar 1120 Esther Rodman 41 Housewife W. Cedar 1124 Dave Hawkins 80 Retired W. Cedar 1124 Emalyn Hawkins 77 Housewife W. Cedar 1126 P. K. Lothrop 33 Clerk W. Cedar 1126 Nora B. Lothrop 37 Housewife W. Cedar 1127 Paul R. Goeb 26 Service (military) W. Cedar 1127 Irene Goeb 23 Housewife W. Cedar 1130 Margaret Hackett 66 Housewife W. Cedar 1134 W. R. Griffin 76 Retired W. Cedar 1134 Matilda Griffin 72 Housewife W. Cedar 1137 H. Anderson 77 Laborer W. Cedar 1137 Mary Anderson 74 Housewife W. Cedar 1137 Jessie Wheatley 68 Housekeeper The Assessor Report records and City Directory records for the period 1925 through 1945 show that only a relatively small number of houses remained in the same ownership or occupancy with occupation occasionally shifting including retirement status. In summary, the private residences in the Mental Health Institute/W Cedar St Historic District were owned by a variety of middle income and working class families either when originally built or in subsequent years and did not exclusively focus on State Hospital employment despite the proximity to the institution. The block listed several railroad workers, a furniture store owner, auto service or dealership owners, and several men in military service through the years. Retired men and women chose the area as well. It appears that Marshall O. and Jessie Wheatley who built a house at 1131 W Cedar St in 1918 (photo below) lived in the neighborhood the longest during its early years. Marshall was a salesman at the time, the couple built the house at the end of World War I, were retired by World War II, and by 1945, Jessie was a widow. Marshall O. & Jessie Wheatley House, 1131 W Cedar St (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 90

91 From a visual perspective, the shared attributes of the 1100 block instead were the result of their common period of development that extended from ca to 1925 and the limited number of vernacular forms and architectural styles found in the houses built over the two decades. American Four-Squares and Bungalows were the most common forms while Craftsman or Colonial Style features prevailed. The introduction of concrete block and veneer brick for foundations and the installation of double-hung sashes with vertical multi-light upper sash was seen throughout the block. The historic district derives significance from Criterion A, B, and C with the MHI campus likely also having significance under Criterion D. Mental Health Institute/W Cedar St Historic District Contributing and Noncontributing Resources Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Style/ Form / Cedar St, W Schmidt House Vernacular, Front- Gable, 2-story Cedar St, W Mansfield House Am. Four-Square Cedar St, W France, Ray, House Colonial Revival, 2- story Cedar St, W 1124 ca Wirth, J. Earl & Olive, Am. Four-Square House (State Hospital Assistant Steward)) Cedar St, W Lee House Craftsman/ Bungalow, 2-story Cedar St, W 1127 ca Vernacular, Front- Gable, 2-story Cedar St, W Gilleas House Craftsman/ Bungalow, 2-story Cedar St, W Wheatley, Marshall O. Craftsman, Side- & Jessie, House Gable, 2-story (salesman-retired; widow} Cedar St, W Griffin, W.R. & Matilda, Craftsman/ House (retired) Bungalow, 2-story Cedar St, W 1135 ca Griffith, Jesse E.J & Jesse, House (State Hospital workers) Cedar St, W 1137 ca Rapson, George P. & Mary, House (Rapson Motor Co.) W Cedar Loop 1215 ca Employee Residential Duplexes (4) Vernacular, Hipped-Roof, 1- story American Four- Square Vernacular/Coloni al Revival, Side- Gable, 2-story W Cedar Loop 1215 Ginzberg Building W Cedar Loop Cherokee State Hospital for the Insane, Building Complex HD-Non- Con Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 91

92 Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Style/ Form / W Cedar Loop Administration Building, French Chateau 1902 Central Section Revival & Queen Anne; Echlon plan; Josselyn Taylor, architects W Cedar Loop W Cedar Loop Administration Building, S Wing, Wards A, B & C Administration Building, N Wing, Wards A, B & C French Chateau Revival & Queen Anne; Echlon plan; Josselyn Taylor, architects French Chateau Revival & Queen Anne; Echlon plan; Josselyn Taylor, architects W Cedar Loop 1215 Pre-1905 Fairview Cottage/ Voldeng Building W Cedar Loop 1215 Pre-1924 Boiler Bldg., Engine Room W Cedar Loop Water Tower W Cedar Loop 1215 Pre-1924 Smoke Stack W Cedar Loop 1215 Post-1947 Garage #1 W Cedar Loop 1215 Post-1947 Garage #2 W Cedar Loop Cemetery HD-Non- Con W Cedar Loop Donohoe Building W Cedar Loop Wade Cottage W Cedar Loop 1215 ca Wirth Hall W Cedar Loop Campus Site Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 92

93 The boundary for the historic district includes facing houses along a portion of the 1100 block of W Cedar St (portions of Blocks 2 and 3 in Burroughs West Addition to New Cherokee) and a portion of the campus for the original Cherokee State Hospital later known as the Mental Health Institute. The western edge of the MHI originally contained agricultural buildings related to the self-sustaining nature of the hospital. These buildings have been razed or moved from the property and no evaluation was made of surviving historic archaeological elements. These should be evaluated prior to the determination of final boundaries for this historic district for purposes of National Register nomination, protection of historic resources, and future redevelopment of currently vacant areas of the property. Mental Health Institute/W Cedar St. Historic District Boundary W Cedar St MHI Main Entrance Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 93

94 West Cherry Street Historic Groups/District Two groups of historically and architecturally significant dwellings extend along the 600 to 900 blocks of W Cherry St). These groups of significant buildings extend along portions of W Cherry St laid out between 1882 and 1891 in the northern blocks of the 5 th, 6 th, 7 th and 13 th Additions to New Cherokee. The buildings include a scattering of individually significant residences built between the 1890s through the post-world War II years. Most retain their architectural importance though their owners were likely prominent residents at the time of construction or in subsequent decades. Loss of historic integrity for a number of the dwellings on several partial or whole block faces diminishes the historic district potential for this area. Approximately 35 primary buildings were reviewed in these blocks and 10 were found to meet National Register Criteria as potentially individually eligible. Examples of the more important dwellings architecturally in the area appear below. The oldest group of intact houses was built during the 1890s and is located along the north side of the 700 block of W Cherry St. At the northwest corner of N 7 th St, the O.G. and Asenath Walrath House was built in 1893 at 700 W Cherry St, photo right. This Queen Anne Style house has a massive sidegable roof with a squat, front-facing turret, sq. cut shingles on the upper level and gable peaks, and small porches with ashlar block foundations and closed porch O.G. & Asenath Walrath House, 700 W. Cherry St (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) balustrades. Further down the block at 718 W Cherry St, the J.D.F. Smith House was built the same year at 718 W Cherry St and the Catherine and James Robertson, Sr. House was built in between at 714 W Cherry St in ca Both of these houses (photos below) include Classical Revival Style features such as prominent Palladian windows. The Robertson House retains the greatest level of integrity in such elements as its flared pent gable roof, wide eaves lined by modillions, front porch with paired Tuscan columns and a J.D.F. and Adelia Smith House, W Cherry St (left) and Catherine & James Robertson, Sr. House ca W Cherry St (right) (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 94

95 spindled balustrade, and decorative cottage windows with leaded beveled glass upper sash panels. Robertson had a lumber and grain business and later owned the Washta State Bank, a thriving financial institution in the county. Marvin & Mary Miller House, W Cherry St ca (left, above) and Barbara & John Loughlin, Sr. House, 612 W Cherry St - ca (right, above and below) (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016 and 2017) At the corner of W Cherry St and N 7 th St, a pair of houses was built before World War I by two local attorneys. The Barbara and John Loughlin, Sr. House (right) was built at 612 W Cherry St in the Craftsman/ Bungalow Style in 1914 and he later partnered with Senator Guy Gillette during the 1930s. The Marvin and Mary Miller House was completed next door at 618 W Cherry St (above left) in the Colonial Revival Style in ca. 1918; he later partnered in the law firm Miller, Miller & Miller. Both houses retain their wood clapboard and multi-light upper sash windows. Share features end here as the two popular pre-war styles have differing forms. 809 W Cherry St (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) A third house built on the eve World War I in the neighborhood was the American Four-Square house at 809 W Cherry St. (photo left) built in This design form was growing in popularity in the period and was adaptable to many decorative treatments. The windows used here along with the low-pitched hipped roof for the main house and porch accent the Prairie School s horizontal influence. The use of the dark brick for the foundation of the main block as well as the porch columns, foundation, and closed balustrade further accent the house s horizontal design. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 95

96 Henry and Martha Rasmus House, 911 W. Cherry St - ca (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) Further west in the neighborhood, the distinctive Craftsman house at 911 W Cherry St (photo left) was built in 1915 and retains a high level of integrity. The side-gabled two-story house has knee-brace brackets along the wide gable eaves and exposed rafter tails along the wide sloped edges of the porches, main roof, and shedroof dormers. Craftsman Style windows on the porch feature vertical lights in the upper sashes and the stucco foundation and closed balustrade introduce a material favored in Craftsman houses. The use of contrasting squarecut shingles in the gable peaks and on the dormer walls along with a raised belt course to separate the first and second levels are Craftsman techniques as well. Margaret and Charles Hurlburt House, 904 W Cherry St (left, above and on following page); Vernon J. and Bessie Ellerbroek House, 900 W Cherry St - ca (right, above) (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) A handful of lots in the 900 block of the W Cherry St corridor remained vacant until the late 1930s-1940s and the post-world War II years. The V.J. and Bessie Ellerbroek House at 900 W Cherry St was constructed in ca and is an example of the Colonial Revival Style that became popular during these years. After Vernon s death in 1959, Bessie held the house while continuing to operate the family clothing store in Cherokee and other stores in northwest Iowa. Also on the eve of World War II, the house at 904 W Cherry St was built by Margaret and Charles Hurlburt, who was employed by the Illinois Central Railroad Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 96

97 Margaret and Charles Hurlburt House, 904 W. Cherry St (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) surrounding the round-arched door. The original matching garage remains intact. as an express-man. This Tudor Revival Style form sometimes referred to as an English Bungalow or English Period Cottage is one of only a few brick houses in northwest Cherokee. The mottled tan and light brown-colored brick type is even rarer though similar brick houses are seen within a few blocks on W Cherry and N 11 th streets. The 1½-story side-gable form for the Hurlburt House has contiguous front-gables with the entrance bay that includes multiple recessed brick bands The Kenneth and Mary Jane Clausen House (photo below) at 901 W Cherry St is an example of an early Ranch/Rambler Side-Gable Roof house form built in 1955 by the Osterling Construction Co. Its wide sidegable design has a very low-pitch roof with a built-up finish covered in white rock. The house has a classic Ranch/Rambler layout with garage and sleeping areas at opposite ends of the house and the living room and visitor entrance in the center section. The white finished brick wainscoting extends across the front and wraps the corners to emphasize the house s horizontal form that occupies the width of two full lots. Kenneth and Mary Jane Clausen House, 901 W. Cherry St (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) The two groups of individually significant houses fall within a slightly larger multi-block area of W Cherry St shown on the map below should be re-evaluated in the future to determine if additional historical information for properties or if historic rehabilitation work would provide sufficient integrity to tie the clusters together to form a National Register eligible historic district. At the present time, individual National Register significance is part of a historic preservation strategy instead. The map for the W Cherry St neighborhood, therefore, incudes bold boundaries for groups of individually significant properties and grayed boundaries for areas that could potentially define a connecting section that could qualify a larger area as a potential W Cherry St Historic District after further evaluation. The property list does not evaluate all of the properties within the connecting section at this time. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 97

98 West Cherry Street Historic Groups/Historic District, Contributing and Noncontributing Resources Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Style/ Form / Cherry St, W Loughlin, John, Sr & Barbara, House Craftsman/ (attorney) Bungalow, 2-story / Cherry St, W Miller, Marvin and Mary, House Colonial Revival, (attorney) Side-Gable, 2-story / Cherry St, W Walrath, O.G. & Sena, House (Carnegie Queen Anne/ Steel salesman); C.H. & Margarette Colonial Revival / Groves House (stock raiser) Cherry St, W Queen Anne /Colonial Revival Cherry St, W Robertson, Catherine & James, Sr., Classical Revival/ House (Robertson & Patton Lumber Pent Gable, 2- Co., Washta State Bank; Servants of story Mary Convent ( ) Cherry St, W Smith, J.D.F and Adelia, House Colonial Revival (lawyer) Cherry St, W 809 ca. Prairie School/Am Four-Square Cherry St, W Vernacular, Hipped-Roof, 1- story Cherry St, W Vernacular, Gable- Front and Wing Cherry St, W 900 ca. Ellerbroek, Vernon J. & Bessie, House Colonial Revival, 1940 (Ellerbroek s Store, clothing) Side-Gable, 2-story Cherry St, W Clausen, Kenneth & Mary Jane, House (dept. store mgr., J.C. Penney Co.) Dennis & Barbara Gano (banker) Cherry St, W Hurlburt, Charles L. & Margaret E., House (Illinois Central RR expressman) Cherry St, W Rasmus, Henry & Martha (Mattie), House (general store in Meriden; Carl E. & Anna Peterson (auto dealer) Ranch/Rambler, Osterling Construction, contractor Minimal Traditional/Tudor Revival Cottage Craftsman, Side- Gable, 2-story / / / /HD-Co /HD-Co /HD-Co /HD-Co Not / HD-Non-Con Not / HD-Non-Con Not / HD-Non-Con Not / HD-Non-Con West Cherry Street Historic Groups/Historic District Boundary Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 98

99 North 11th Street and Hill Street Historic Group/Historic District This residential neighborhood extends along the blocks of N 11th St between W Cedar St and W Bluff St and along the 900 block of Hill St. Nearby block faces were examined but are discussed minimally in relationship to the principal blocks. The group of primary house lots overlaps sections of New Cherokee s 13 th Addition and Burroughs West Addition platted in 1891 and 1897 respectively. Houses were built in two phases, the first from the 1890s 1920s. The second phase that began after WW II and continued into the 1950s will be discussed later. More than 40 residences were evaluated in the neighborhood with a potential for being National Register eligible individually or as part of a potential historic district. The first phase of homebuilding saw houses extend up the sloping route of 11 th St with a few built along the more level course of Hill St. The high point of both streets at the intersection of N 11 th St and Hill St was chosen for the first municipal standpipe completed in Housebuilding continued steadily for three decades along these streets. By the beginning of the Depression years with construction waning and the standpipe no longer sufficiently sized to produce constant or even flow, homebuilding slowed to a trickle. As a result, a number of house lots in the northern reaches of N 11 th St and Hill St as well as in nearby blocks remained vacant. Among the houses built during the first phase of housebuilding in this neighborhood were several large-scale residences. The house at 418 N 11 th St (photo right) was completed in ca with the house a block away at 311 N 11 th St (photo below) completed in ca N 11 th St. ca (John Snapp, photographer, 2016) Both houses are examples of the vernacular form known as the Gable-Front-and-Wing. The intersecting gables in these two-story examples have porches snugged in the ells at the front but in the larger of the two houses below the porch also wraps the full front. The larger house at 311 N 11 th St also features twin front-gables as 311 N 11 well as a gabled wall-dormer. th St. ca (John Snapp, photographer, 2016) Smaller mid-block houses such as the three at 401, 409 and 415 N 11 th St are estimated to have been built in ca Each of these worker cottages have had significant changes through the years. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 99

100 At the northwest corner of N 11 th St and Cedar streets at 1104 W Cedar St (photo left), another large-scale house dating from the turn of the century anchors the intersection. Its curved, wrap-around porch is a distinctive feature of this Queen Anne Style house though its infill porch windows date from a later Craftsman Style updating W Cedar St. ca (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) During the decades before and after World War I, Craftsman Style houses of various forms were built in the neighborhood including the well-preserved Bungalow and matching garage at 417 N 11 th St (photo below) built in The house retains its knee-brace brackets along the gables and exposed rafters along the porch and dormer eaves. The single bay garage retains its wagon-style doors and early driveway with a grass median. 417 N 11th (John Snapp, photographer, 2016) Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 100

101 Other Craftsman Style houses in the N 11 th and Hill St neighborhood include examples of Front-Gable, two-story forms. A wellpreserved example at 521 N 11 th St was built in 1912 by Nellie and David Holly, retired at the time. The house later was purchased by Robert and Helen Barr in 1928; Robert owned the Barr Motor Co., the local Ford dealership. In 1945 the house passed from Barr s widow, Helen, to Elmer and Josephine Bierbaum. Elmer was an insurance agent and Josephine was a high school teacher. The same Craftsman Style form was adopted for the first of two adjacent houses built for Grace and William Unger, a real estate agent, at 912 Hill St finished in 1915 (photo below, left). The second house the Nellie and David Holly House, 521 N 11 th St (John Snapp, photographer, 2016) William and Grace Unger First House, 912 Hill St 1915 (left) and Unger Second House, 910 Hill St (right) (John Snapp, photographer, 2016) Ungers built was at 910 Hill St in 1918 (photo above, right). It is a similar Vernacular Front-Gable form but without Craftsman Style detailing. It includes a wrap-around porch, a shorter height roof gable, and cornice returns on the gable end. The design also incorporated a locally produced Albert Kluge & Sons square concrete block in the front porch columns, the patterned balustrade and foundation block. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 101

102 The Craftsman Style was used for several smallscale Bungalows for some of the later house lots developed in the neighborhood. The house at 936 W Cedar St (photo left) that was constructed in 1923 shows off Craftsman Style windows. Sashes with three, four and five vertical lights are present from the basement to the attic level and in the front door of the Gable-Front-and- Wing house form that. Knee-brace brackets or exposed rafter tails are common features in these Craftsman homes as well. 936 W Cedar St (John Snapp, photographer, 2016) The small Craftsman Bungalow at 919 Hill St (photo below) was also completed in The narrow but deep 60 x 150 feet lot provided space for the 816 sq. ft. house with room on the west side for the driveway access to the single-bay garage at the rear. The house has rock-faced concrete block and typical verticallight sash on each level 3-lights for basement windows, 4/1 double-hung windows on the main level, and 3/1 double-hung windows in the attic level. 919 Hill St (John Snapp, photographer, 2016) The Craftsman Style was also adapted in the neighborhood to the most popular large-house form in the country during the pre- and post-ww I period the American Four-Square form. The form could be used for prominent intersections such as at 935 W Cherry St (photo right) or for midblock houses. Use of doublehung windows with vertical multilight upper sash was typical of these houses. Prominent side window groups such as the bay window for this house and others took advantage of the exposed secondary façade. 935 W Cherry St (John Snapp, photographer, 2017) Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 102

103 Fred and Bernice Morrison House, 309 N 11th St (John Snapp, photographer, 2016) A relatively rare combination of an architectural style and house form to be built in Cherokee was the Colonial Revival Style- Gambrel Roof Cottage sometimes incorrectly referred to as the Dutch Colonial. 34 The Colonial Revival design as seen in the Fred and Bernice Morrison House at 309 N 11 th St (photo above) built in 1935 incorporated a full two-story plan with a gambrel roof form and returning cornices, a continuous shed roof dormer, multi-light double-hung windows and multi-light configurations incorporated into the entrance bay and feature parlor and dining room windows. The well-placed use of Colonial Revival elements is reflective of Morrison s business as a lumberman. F.H. and Delia Bunker House, 315 N 11th St 1936 (John Snapp, photographer, 2016) Nearby the F.H. and Delia Bunker House (photo left) went up the following year at 315 N 11 th St. The Bunkers owned a local dry-cleaners and this carefully maintained example of an English Period Cottage retains original Craftsman influences in its fenestration. Together, the Morrison and Bunker houses and Hill Street Water Tower marked the beginning of the second phase of homebuilding in this neighborhood in The true Dutch Colonial version for gambrel roof houses was not built after 1840 in Eastern parts of America. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 103

104 The visual focal point of the North 11 th St and Hill St neighborhood is the Hill Street Water Tower located at the northeast corner of the two streets at 936 Hill St. Need for a larger water tank had been identified for a number of years and the Cherokee City Council began pursuing Federal aid for its construction in June The Council retained Buell & Winter Engineering Co. of Sioux City on the project. The initial request for a Works Progress Administration (WPA) grant was turned down but later approved for slightly less than first requested - $11,250 or 45 percent of the total cost of $25,000. Buell & Winter prepared a design with working drawings by Omaha Steel Works on October 29, Planning was completed in late 1935 and the new water tower was underway adjacent to the old municipal standpipe by February The tower has eight support legs around the perimeter and an elevated cylindrical metal tank with a height of 37 and diameter of 46 sized to hold 400,000 gallons, substantially larger than the 46 year old standpipe built in 1889 that held only 154,000 gallons. Overall height of the new tower is 113 feet (photo below). Old Standpipe Will Be Dwarfed by Big New Tower, The Cherokee Chief, February 14, 1936 Hill Street Water Tower, 936 Hill St (John Snapp, photographer, 2016) Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 104

105 Construction of the new tower was prominent local news. The Cherokee Chief stories documented pouring of footings (January 1936), delivery of partial loads of steel (January 1936), installation of steel legs (February 1936), painting the tank (March 1936), and installation of a large wattage electric light on top of the tank (March 27, 1936) as well as other construction steps. The final inspection of the water tower was completed in late April 1936 with a front-page story (below) in The Cherokee Chief (April 24, 1936). Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 105

106 The inspection day photograph in 1936 on the previous page showed the completed tower with the Hill Street site devoid of most surrounding dwellings. Construction records show that nearly all of these vacant lots remained undeveloped for more than a decade until the post-world War II housing boom began in Cherokee. The exception was the first house completed in 1940 at 936 W Cherry St. Beginning in 1948, nine houses and two duplexes were completed in just five years along N 11 th St and Hill St. Three common post-war house forms were used during this period including the Minimal Traditional form with Tudor Revival or Cape Cod detailing, the Ranch/Rambler form the most popular along W Bluff St, and the Colonial Revival duplex form. Construction of the two duplexes along N 11 th St rare housing forms in Cherokee at this time further demonstrated the high demand for housing units during this period. Further to the north along an adjoining block to the N 11th St and Hill St area, construction of ten more houses took place during the 1950s along the lots of the 900 block of W Bluff St. These were located further from the new water tower but they were definitely part of the post-war housing boom that saw vacant, infill lots in older neighborhoods see construction. A table calling out the location of post-world War II homebuilding in the vicinity of the Hill Street Water Tower appears below along with representative photos on the following pages. Wartime and Post-War Homebuilding Hill Street Water Tower Vicinity House Number Street Year Built Vernacular Form/ Architectural Style 936 W Cherry St 1940 Ranch/Rambler/Minimal Traditional 501 N 11 th St 1948 Ranch/Rambler 513 N 11 th St 1950 Ranch/Rambler 517 N 11 th St 1949 Ranch/Rambler 518 N 11 th St 1948 Minimal Traditional 522 N 11 th St 1948 Minimal Traditional/Cape Cod N 11 th St 1949 Side-Gable Duplex, Colonial Revival N 11 th St 1952 Side-Gable Duplex, Colonial Revival 911 Hill St 1948 Minimal Traditional/Tudor Revival 924 Hill St 1948 Ranch/Rambler 928 Hill St 1950 Minimal Traditional/Cape Cod 932 Hill St 1948 Minimal Traditional/Cape Cod 909 W Bluff St 1959 Ranch/Rambler 910 W Bluff St 1959 Minimal Traditional 914 W Bluff St 1959 Ranch/Rambler 915 W Bluff St 1955 Ranch/Rambler 919 W Bluff St 1952 Ranch/Rambler 920 W Bluff St 1959 Ranch/Rambler 924 W Bluff St 1959 Ranch/Rambler 930 W Bluff St 1959 Minimal Traditional/Cape Cod 935 W Bluff St 1955 Ranch/Rambler/Minimal Traditional 939 W Bluff St 1953 Ranch/Rambler/Minimal Traditional Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 106

107 936 W Cherry St, 1940 (John Snapp, photographer, 2016) 501N 11th St, 1948 (John Snapp, photographer, 2016) 517 N 11th St, 1949, at left; 513 N 11th St, 1950, below (John Snapp, photographer, 2017 & 2016) Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 107

108 928 Hill St, 1950 (John Snapp, photographer, 2016) Duplexes, N 11th St (Cherokee County Assessor, 2010) Two 1,728 sq. ft. duplexes built side by side at the corner of N 11 th St and W Bluff St with simplified Colonial Revival symmetry and roof forms. (Aerial view below, Cherokee Co. Assessor) Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 108

109 North 11th Street and Hill Street Historic Group/Historic District Contributing and Noncontributing Resources Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Style/ Form / 9 th St., N Ranch/Rambler HD-Non- Con 9 th St., N Craftsman, Front-Gable, 2-story HD-Non- Con 9 th St., N Ranch/Rambler HD-Non- Con 11 th St, N Bungalow, Front-Gable, stucco, 1½-story 11 th St, N 309 ca.1935 Morrison, Fred & Bernice, House (lumberman) Colonial Revival, Gambrel Cottage form 11 th St, N 311 ca Vernacular, Gable-Frontand-Wing, 2-story 11 th St, N American Four-Square 11 th St, N Bunkers, F.H. & Delia, House (Bunkers Cleaners) English Period Cottage, brick, 1½-story 11 th St, N 401 ca Vernacular, Hipped Roof, 1-story HD-Non- Con 11 th St, N 409 ca Vernacular, Center- Gable, 2-story HD-Non- Con 11 th St, N 415 ca Vernacular, Hipped Roof, 1-story HD-Non- Con 11 th St, N Craftsman/Bungalow, Side-Gabled, 2-story 11 th St, N Vernacular, Gable-Frontand-Wing, 2-story 11 th St, N Ranch/Rambler 11 th St, N/ Hill St, W 510/ Hill St Water Tower Buell & Winter Engineering, Sioux City 11 th St, N Johnson, Irving & Elsie, House (retired farmer); Rhea, Robert (owner, Chieftain Feeds) & Claire (MHI employee) Ranch/Rambler, Cross- Hipped Roof 11 th St, N Minimal Traditional HD-Non- Con 11 th St, N Holly, David F. & Nellie, House (retired); Robert & Craftsman, Front-Gable, 2-story Helen Barr (Ford dealer); Elmer & Josephine Bierbaum (teachers & insurance agent) 11 th St, N Mulky, O.D., House Minimal Traditional- Cape Cod, 1½- story Cedar, W St Craftsman/ Bungalow, Cross-Gable, 1½-story Cedar, W St 1104 ca Vernacular, Hipped Roof with lower cross gables, 2-Story Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 109

110 Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Style/ Form / Cherry St, W Craftsman, American Four-Square Cherry St, W Ranch/Rambler, Hipped Roof, 1-story- Hill St, W Unger, William & Grace, Cross-Gable, 2-story House second house (real estate agent) Hill St, W Unger, William & Grace, House first house (real estate agent) Craftsman, Front-Gable, 2-story Hill St, W Craftsman/ Bungalow, 1- story Hill St, W Cape Cod, 1½- story, brick Hill St, W Cape Cod, 1½- story W Bluff St Ranch/Rambler W Bluff St Minimal Traditional W Bluff St Ranch/Rambler W Bluff St Ranch/Rambler W Bluff St Anderson, Marvin, House Ranch/Rambler (railroad engineer) W Bluff St Ranch/Rambler HD-Non- Con W Bluff St Ranch/Rambler HD-Non- Con W Bluff St Minimal Traditional/Cape Cod W Bluff St Campbell, Don, House Ranch/Rambler/Minimal (railroad conductor) Traditional W Bluff St Scothorn, Tom, House Ranch/Rambler/Minimal Traditional Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 110

111 North 11th Street and Hill Street Historic Group/District Boundary Hill St Water Tower Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 111

112 B. North Central and Northeast Neighborhoods At the same time that residential development was taking place in Cherokee s west side, new housing additions were being laid out in what are today considered north central and northeast neighborhoods. The first sub-divisions were along and north of East Cedar St laid out by Cherokee merchant, F.W. Huxford and his wife, Mary. Huxford s Extension to New Cherokee was laid out in 1871 and included a noncontiguous three-block plat that extended along the east side of Euclid Ave and further east as far as County Road later named Roosevelt Ave. In 1881 and 1882 adjoining Second Huxford Addition and Third Huxford Addition were laid out to the south as far as E. Cedar St and to the west of Euclid Ave. Together these Huxford addition blocks and surrounding blocks platted as Millard s Addition by Marie (Mary) Millard, widow of John S. Millard, and banker N.T. Burroughs became known as Huxfordville Addition. As was noted above, the school later built to serve the neighborhood was known simply as the Addition School referencing the population served from various additions in Huxfordville and nearby. Plat for Huxford s Extension to New Cherokee, 4/18/1871 (Cherokee Co. Recorder s Office). Unlike more consistent blocklayouts in neighborhoods platted at the same time to the southwest by the Town Lot Company, these blocks had a mixture of configurations, street widths and lot dimensions. As a result, the orientation of front facing lots was not standardized in north central and northeast neighborhoods. The most intact group of residences surviving in Huxfordville plats in 2017 is the Euclid Avenue Historic District that includes approximately 28 single-family residences and one duplex built between 1879 and A second neighborhood of historic and architecturally intact dwellings extends along both sides of N Roosevelt Ave from Sumner St north to near Ash St and east as far as N Saratoga Ave. This group of wellpreserved residences is the Bailey Court and North Roosevelt Ave Historic District and includes Bailey Park as part of the Bailey Court Addition platted in The district also includes portions of Ward and Whitmore s Addition platted in 1921, Mason s Subdivision, Hayward s Subdivision, and Hayward s Addition, the latter two platted by the family of Samuel Hayward, a Cherokee County pioneer. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 112

113 Euclid Avenue Historic District Bailey Court & North Roosevelt Ave Historic District Addition School (Webster School) Huxfordville Additions in North Central Cherokee (Standard Atlas of Cherokee County, Iowa, North and South Parts of Cherokee City, George A. Ogle & Co., 1907) and approximate locations of historic districts Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 113

114 A third neighborhood further north that was developed several decades later after World War II is the Ash Street Historic District. This linear neighborhood was laid out as the Osterling Addition by Osterling Construction Company in The two long-blocks comprising the district include a short stretch of Saratoga Ave and a cathedral-like archway of trees along its flat corridor. The district is immediately adjacent to the north edge of the Bailey Court and North Roosevelt Ave Historic District. All three of these late-19 th, early-20 th, and mid-20 th century historic districts in north central and northeast Cherokee are discussed in greater detail below. Historically, there were several natural water features in these north central and northeast neighborhoods a north-south stretch of the Little Sioux River on the far eastern edge of Cherokee and the Magnetic Springs and Magnetic Lake, the latter two located east of Huxfordville in the Magnetic Spring Addition and on unplatted land further east but immediately west of the Little Sioux River. The development of this area was considered previously as part of the discussion of the Magnetic Springs (pp ). Though the history of the area is colorful, only three historic resources survive in the area with an association with the Magnetic Springs. The first was the Cherokee Cancer Sanatorium also known as Seaman s Sanatorium located at 402 Magnetic Ave. The second was the private residence next door at 400 Magnetic Ave of Dr. R.C. and Lena Seaman. The third resource is a pair of posts for the entrance gate to Magnetic Springs Park at the northeast corner of Park and Saratoga avenues (photo, p. 19). Other indirectly related resources are connected to one of the subsequent owners of the Magnetic Springs Park property, John and Gladys Ogilvy. Their later residence and dairy barn property at 515 Park Ave was a part of Ogilvy s 2 nd Subdivision that was previously discussed on p. 21, No historic district remains with a direct association to the Magnetic Springs Park and Magnetic Springs Fountain House. Only the Cherokee Cancer Sanatorium and Dr. R.C. and Lena Seaman s house survive at 400 and 402 Magnetic Ave. A summary of the Cherokee Cancer Sanatorium and Seaman House property is discussed at the end of the North Central and Northeast Neighborhoods section on p Euclid Avenue Historic District This linear residential district is located along the inclining route of the extended 400 block of Euclid Avenue as it passes from Union St and Fountain St north to E Bluff St. A total of 27 primary resources line the avenue built from ca to Among the houses are the those of members of two families who served as the original developers of subdivisions within the neighborhood the Charles Huxford House at 411 Euclid Ave built in ca (photo left) and the W.H and Marie Millard House at 431 Euclid Ave built in 1895 (photo below). C.A. Huxford House, 411 Euclid (above) and W. H. & Marie Millard House, 431 Euclid 1895 (right) John Snapp and Bruce Meyer, photographers, 2016 Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 114

115 As noted above, Fred W. Huxford was responsible for Huxford s Extension to New Cherokee that extended along the east side of Euclid Ave. The property on the west side of Euclid Ave was owned by John and Marie (Mary) Millard at the time but not platted as Millard s Addition by Marie Millard, widow of John, until An historic view of Euclid Ave taken after 1907 (unidentified Cherokee centennial era news photograph) shows the Huxford House at the far left built in 1879 when Charles A. Huxford retired from farming; he was the son of Fred W. Huxford. The middle house was built by Hill Cornish (ca. 1905) at 415 Euclid Ave; Cornish had a hardware business that provided the heating and ventilating system for the Historic view, ca for 411, 415 and 419 Euclid Avenue, left to right, (above) Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Public Library; views of the same houses (below) Bruce Meyer, photographer, Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016 nearby Addition School/Webster School when it was built 1881 (photo p. 28). The Hutchinson-Delaplane House was constructed at 419 Euclid Ave in ca and is shown on the far right side of the historic photo above. The same three houses appear in contemporary views above taken in Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 115

116 In addition to Fred Huxford s son Charles house on the avenue, his second son Edward D. Huxford and his wife Eva, built a house just half a block east at 338 Fountain St a decade later in Edward was one of at least six bankers known to have built homes or resided in the neighborhood prior to A chronological set of historic and current day photographs from the Euclid Avenue Historic District follows. The examples pre and post-date 1900 representing a wide range of architectural styles, vernacular house forms and both moderate to large-scale designs. The Edward D. and Eva Huxford House, at left, was built in Edward was the cashier and later the president, of Cherokee State Bank. The house at 338 Fountain St is an example of a Queen Anne Style Cross-Gable 2-story form. The house was redesigned after Edward s death when Eva had plans prepared sometime after 1919 by the Des Moines architectural firm of Vorse, Kraetsch & Kraetsch ( ). The house is either at the east edge of the historic district or just outside the boundary where it is individually significant. Edward and Eva Huxford House, 338 Fountain St 1889 (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) Historic view, Wm. and Maude Sanford House, 308 Fountain St -1890; 2017 view above (John Snapp, photographer) Historic and present day views, above, are for the William A. and Maude [Tiel] Sanford House that was built in William was active in town building activities including platting subdivisions in on his own and with Charles E. Moore. He also was a civic activist and philanthropist, proponent of paved roads, and advocate for the Cherokee State Hospital. He served First National Bank as vice-president and later president. His neighbor, Cherokee pioneer Carlton Corbett (322 Fountain), was a founding director of First National Bank. William s wife, Maude Sanford, was a charter member and active leader for many civic and women s organizations including the Cherokee Improvement Federation. The Sanford House at 308 Fountain St is a well-preserved example of a Queen Anne Style design with cross-gables, an elaborate turret, and bands of decorative shingles and clapboard applied to curved and flat walls. Classical ornamentation details the attic dormer and porch. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 116

117 Scribner-Jones House, 439 Euclid Ave , above left; Allison House, 445 Euclid Ave , above right (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) The Roderick H. and Lillie J. Scribner House later occupied by A.W. Jones, above left, was completed in Both men were bankers with Scribner first working as cashier for the private bank, Fulton & Scribner and later Scribner, Burroughs & Company; in 1883 it became the First National Bank of Cherokee. 439 Euclid was occupied from 1936 to 1956 by the A.W. and Ada Jones family. Jones served as president of the First National Bank and its successor, Central Trust and Savings Bank, beginning in The Scribner House was an example of an American Four-Square design that has Classical trim and an altered porch. The Hawley and Harriet [Cowles] Allison House, above right, was built in Hawley was a partner in Allison Bros. Dry-Goods Store. Harriet was active in several women s clubs including Cherokee s first - the Political Equality Club, organized through the efforts of Harriet Allison and others in 1889 following a suffrage address by Carrie Chapman Catt. In Harriet s essay on the Woman s Suffrage League in 1914, she described the Club as including a number of earnest women [holding] regular meetings for two or three years doing much to promote the larger thought of woman's place in life and her right of selfrepresentation. 35 The Allisons combined the Queen Anne and Classical Revival styles in their large-scale house. Stylistically, nearly half of the houses built along Euclid Ave between 1879 and 1905 were examples of Queen Anne and Classical Revival designs with 2-story Hipped Roof and Hipped Roof with Lower Cross-Gable forms predominating. In 1909 a new style was introduced to the Avenue with the introduction of the Craftsman Style. An early example is a variation of the style the Airplane Bungalow form the Hall-Caswell House built Hall-Caswell House, 444 Euclid Ave 1909 (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) in 35 McCulla, Thomas, History of Cherokee County, Iowa, Volumes 1 (Chicago: S.J. Clarke Publishing Co.) 1914, p. 355; available online at: books.google.com; downloaded 3/5/2014. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 117

118 1909 at 444 Euclid Ave. This form takes its especially wide, bracketed eaves from the airplane wing with most examples having a smaller second floor that makes the upper floor resemble an airplane cockpit rather than this design. More common Craftsman Style forms represented along the avenue include the 1½-story Bungalow at 467 Euclid Ave built in 1915 (photo left) complete with vertical lights in the upper sash of double-hung windows, wide eaves with rafter tails along the sloped sides, and knee brace brackets on the gabled ends. Two well-preserved examples of the Craftsman Style Side-Gable, 2-Story form include the Major Smith House, photo right, at 425 Euclid Ave completed in 1915 and the Isaac and Ella Clark House, photo below right, built five years later in 1920 at 453 Euclid Ave. Both houses have asymmetrical lower levels with symmetrical upper levels and attic dormers. 467 Euclid Ave 1915 (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) Major Smith House, 425 Euclid Ave 1915 (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) The Clark House was built by James Weart with Weart & Lysaght Lumber Co. Given the similar floor plan and design for the two houses, it is possible that the Smith House was also built by Weart. Weart s business also sold cement products such as those found in the Clark House s porch columns and balustrade and foundation detailing. Isaac and Ella Clark House, 453 Euclid Ave 1920 (Bruce Meyer, photographer, Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 118

119 Left to right: 438 Euclid Ave 1912; 432 Euclid Ave ca. 1905; 430 Euclid Ave (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) A total of five houses in the historic district are examples of the American Four-Square house form. This popular pre and post-world War I vernacular residential form was built in Cherokee between 1904 and 1925 with stylistic treatments related to the Colonial Revival, Prairie School and Craftsman Styles or devoid of trim. The primary attributes of this form include a square footprint; 2-story height; low-pitched hipped roofs for the main block, attic or wall dormers; and porches; wide overhanging eaves; and rear sleeping porches frequently present. The five American Four-Square examples are located mid-block along both sides of the street at 419, 430, 432, 438 and 439 Euclid Ave. The photo above shows a group of three American Four-Square examples clustered on the east side at of the street at 438, 432, 430 and Euclid Ave. The last decade to see major residential construction in the Euclid Avenue Historic District was the 1930s. The district s first house from this decade was built in 1930 by Richard T. and Catherine Steele at 464 Euclid Ave (photo right). The house is a well-preserved example of a Colonial Revival Style Side-Gable, 2-story form. By 1930 when the house was completed, Richard was partner with the Steele State Bank, formerly Steeles Bank. He was named president of the bank in The original private bank was established in 1874 in Cherokee by Thomas H. Steele and several of his New York brothers operating under the Richard T. and Catherine Steele House, 464 Euclid Ave 1930 (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) name T.S. Steele & Son. In 1896 after the death of T.S. Steele, the bank took the name Steeles Bank. Richard acquired this residential lot by transfer from his father Thomas H. Steele in July 1928 with the Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 119

120 house planned and constructed by It is of special interest to note that Thomas originally acquired this parcel in 1881 just five years after it was held by the Huxford family. Thomas retained the vacant parcel for nearly 50 years seeing it transferred to Richard, the last of his nine children, in The transfer was just two years after his son Richard married Catherine Parel on August 30, Catherine s family had moved to Cherokee in 1914 from Chicago where her father, James Parel, served as general chairman of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Fireman and Engineers with the Illinois Central Railroad for a time. Prior and after, Parel was a locomotive engineer in Fort Dodge and Cherokee. More photographs of the Steele House and entrance detail are below. Richard T. and Catherine Steele House, 464 Euclid Ave 1930 and entrance detail (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) Further into the Great Depression decade, a more modest adaptation of the Colonial Revival Style was used for the design of one of two duplexes in the historic district. Built in 1939 at Euclid Ave at the south end of the district, the side-by-side Side-Gable, 2-story duplex is shown in the historic view below shortly after construction. Along with the Steele House, the two buildings formed a pair of Colonial Revival bookends for the avenue. The first occupants of the duplex were brothers Gill and Eulas Quinn. The two opened and jointly operated Quinn Service Station at 242 E Main St beginning in Gill Quinn and his wife Ileen lived in the south unit and Eulas and his wife Gertrude and their two children lived in the north unit. The service station was three blocks directly south of the duplex at the corner of Euclid Ave and E Main St. Coincidentally, Eulas Quinn and Richard T. Steele both served on the finance committee for the Sanford Museum Association that was established by family members of a third set of neighbors in the historic district - William and Maude Sanford, residents at 308 Fountain St. Quinn Brothers Duplex, Euclid Ave built 1939 (Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Public Library) Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 120

121 A third house of interest from the Depression years, was the Dale and Hazel Goldie House at 401 Euclid Ave built in The Goldies owned the American Theatre in downtown Cherokee and their new Tudor Revival Style cottage featured several fanciful attributes. On December 1, 1936 The Cherokee Chief wrote 36 about the Goldie House as it neared completion saying that the brick residence is under construction Dale and Hazel Goldie House Euclid Ave, above, (Historic view, undated, Cherokee Area Archives Collection); Goldie House and Street View for 401, 411 and 415 Euclid Ave, below (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016)... practically completed and will be ready for occupancy in a few weeks. The red tile roof dwelling is ultra modern in every respect, is built on high ground, and includes [a] full basement, artistically designed recreation room, basement double garage and fireplaces. In summary, the Euclid Avenue Historic District derives potential National Register significance under Criteria A, B and C for the association of its residents with the early planning and development of the neighborhood and more than six decades of construction of architecturally significant residential designs. Many of the men and women who resided here were civic and financial leaders as well as key decision makers within in the community for more than a century. 36 Beautiful Residence Nearly Completed, The Cherokee Chief, Cherokee, Iowa, December 1, 1936, p. 1. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 121

122 Euclid Avenue Historic District- ly Eligible, Contributing and Noncontributing Resources Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Style/ Form / Euclid Ave Bungalow HD-Non- Con Euclid Ave Goldie, Dale & Hazel, House (owners, American Theatre) Euclid Ave 402 Vacant Lot Euclid Ave Huxford, Charles, House (ret. farmer/ Riley, John, House Euclid Ave 415 ca Cornish, Hill, House/Schuster, George, House Euclid Ave Quinn Brothers Duplex Eulas & Gertrude Quinn and Gill & Delma Quinn (Quinn Bros DX Service Station & Mobil Station) Euclid Ave 419 ca Hutchinson-Delaplane, G.S. House (Delaplane Shoe Co.) Euclid Ave 421 ca Wright, W.Z, House (engineer, IC RR) Tudor Revival Queen Anne, Hipped Roof with lower gables, 2- story Vernacular, Hipped-Roof, 1- story Colonial Revival, Side-Gable, 2- story Am. Four-Square Vernacular, Hipped-Roof, 1½story; T.J. Dickeyarchitect Euclid Ave Vernacular, Hipped Roof, 1- story Euclid Ave Smith, Major, House Craftsman, Side- Gable, 2-story Euclid Ave Am. Four-Square Euclid Ave Millard, W.H. and Marie, House Queen Anne, Hipped Roof with lower Gables, 2- story Euclid Ave 432 ca Am. Four-Square; Duplex Conversion Euclid Ave Garage Euclid Ave Am. Four-Square Euclid Ave Scribner, Roderick H. & Am. Four-Square Lillie J., House (banker)/ A.W. & Ada Jones (banker, 1 st Nat l); Carriage House Euclid Ave 442 ca Biller, Dr. J.G., House Vernacular, Gable-Front and Wing, 2-story Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 122

123 Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Style/ Form / Euclid Ave Hall, Dr. Clarence H. & Craftsman Lucille [Payne], House Airplane (medical doctor); Caswell, Bungalow, Wallace & Jennie, House Front-Gable, 2- (Caswell Bros., agri. Equip. story mfg.) Euclid Ave 445 ca Allison, Hawley & Harriet [Cowles], House (Allison Bros. Dry-Goods Store) Queen Anne/ Classical Revival, 2-story Euclid Ave Ranch/Rambler, Hipped Roof, 1- story Euclid Ave 453 ca Clark, Isaac & Ella, House Craftsman, Side- Gable, 2-story; built by James Weart, Weart & Lysaght Lumber Co. Euclid Ave 457 ca Millard, T.B., House Vernacular, Hipped Roof with Front-Gable wing, 2-story Euclid Ave Vernacular, Front-Gable, 2- story Euclid Ave Vernacular, Gable-Front and wing, 2-story Euclid Ave Steele, Richard T. & Catherine [Parel], House (Steeles Bank/Steele State Bank, president) Colonial Revival, Side-Gable, 2- story Euclid Ave Craftsman/ Bungalow, 1½story Euclid Ave Queen Anne, Front-Gable, 2- story Fountain St Sanford, Wm. A., & Queen Anne Maude, House (vice-pres., 1 st Nat l Bank) Fountain St Vernacular, Front-Gable Duplex, 2-story Fountain St Corbett, Carlton & Queen Anne Rosabella, House (pioneer land owner, 1st Nat l Bank director) Fountain St Huxford,Edward D. & Eva Queen Anne House (cashier, president, Cherokee State Bank) HD-Non- Con Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 123

124 Euclid Avenue Historic District Boundary Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 124

125 Bailey Court and North Roosevelt Avenue Historic District The Bailey Court and North Roosevelt Avenue Historic District is located in north central-northeast Cherokee along the 500 block of Bailey Court a U-shaped street that follows along the west, north and east sides of Bailey Court Park, the blocks of N Roosevelt Ave, and portions of the 400 block of E Sumner St. between Roosevelt Ave and Saratoga Ave. This multi-block area includes additions made in two phases/ The first included the eastern edge of property developed by the F.W. Huxford family in the Huxford Extension Addition of 1871, most of the blocks laid out in the Bailey Court Addition in 1916, and Ward and Whitmore s Subdivision laid out east of N Roosevelt Ave in The district s major landscape feature is the square block originally platted as a private park named Bailey Court, now owned and maintained by the City of Cherokee. Well-preserved residences dating from the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries surround the park on three sides and extend along Sumner St and N Roosevelt Ave as well. The historic district includes 36 primary buildings constructed between ca and A plat appears below of the primary subdivision within this historic district, Bailey Court, prepared by civil engineer, J.F. Chapman, with the date of February The Bailey Court sub-division traces its ownership roots to two important Cherokee families with familial connections the Baileys and the Stiles. Their land ownership and houses are discussed below. Eratus B. Bailey and his second wife, Mary Jane [Wells] Bailey, settled in Silver Township in Cherokee County in ca where the couple farmed until moving to Cherokee in ca At the time they first settled in Silver Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 125

126 Township, E.B. Bailey s daughter, Mary Ann, by his first marriage, resided on a farm nearby with her husband John Potter. E.B. and Mary Jane (the sister of his first wife) Bailey had three daughters when they moved west from Clayton County, Iowa. They also brought Charles A. Stiles with them after he was orphaned during the Civil War years. Stiles lived with the Baileys until he took on a farm of his own in In 1878 Charles married Frances Leah Lillie Bailey, the family s middle daughter. The marriage formally connected the two families in future generations. C.A. Stiles continued to farm in Silver Township after he married Frances and also promoted the sale of nursery stock from the Stiles & Foote nursery stock company he formed and headquartered in Council Bluffs. He continued in the nursery business until he retired in Meanwhile, E.B. Bailey bought a parcel on the north edge of Cherokee on April 1, 1879 at the Cherokee County Sheriff s Sale. This parcel appears to have been east of County Road that was later renamed Roosevelt Ave. The land likely held a retirement home for the Baileys (nonextant) with the balance remaining pasture farm land at the time of E.B. Bailey s death in By 1883, C.A. Stiles acquired nearby property on the west side of Roosevelt from J.W. Stebbins that contained the house at 509 N. Roosevelt that had been built in ca It was occupied by Charles and Frances after their marriage until their second house at 501 N. Roosevelt was completed in ca Both houses appear below standing on adjacent lots along the west side of the county road. Charles A. and Frances (Bailey) Stiles House, 501 N Roosevelt ca Classical Revival (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) 37 Shank, pp Stebbins-Stiles House, 509 N. Roosevelt Ave 1879 Gable-Front-and-Wing (John Snapp, Photographer, 1916) Architect for the second C. A. and Frances Stiles House, below left, is an example of the Classical Revival Style designed by Wilfred W. Beach of Sioux City; he was previously with Josselyn & Taylor in Cedar Rapids. Beach formed his Sioux City company in 1899 and partnered with William L.B. Steele from Beach designed the Sioux County Court House in 1904 in Orange City and the Morningside College Main/Lewis Hall in Sioux City in He later moved east where he wrote and prepared specifications for a variety of projects. In 1910 in Syracuse, New York while with Tracy & Swartout, he designed three buildings for Hwa Nan Methodist Episcopal College of Women in Foo Chow China. The college was founded by Methodist missionaries from Morningside College. While living in Chicago later, his many architectural journal articles on specification writing and construction supervision during the 1920s and 1930s were published in book form in 1937 The Supervision of Construction. 37 Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 126

127 Charles A. and Frances Stiles had five children several of whom were involved in the development of the Bailey Court neighborhood. The children were Nestor L. Stiles married to Maude Molyneaux; Mary Estella married to George Brummer; Fredrick B. Stiles, married to Frances Kenney; and Edgar S. Stiles, married to Glee Druyor. After the death of the Stiles children s grandfather, E.B. Bailey, the large parcel of land east of N. Roosevelt passed to his wife, Mary Jane Bailey and her residence is now nonextant. In 1909 she transferred some of the property to her grandchild, Nestor Stiles. After her death in 1913, along with his siblings, Nestor saw to the acquisition of several adjoining parcels to layout a new subdivision in February 1916 named in honor of their grandparents Bailey Court. A description of the plat s features appeared on the front-page of The Semi-Weekly Democrat on April 6, 1916 and is excerpted at left. Construction in Bailey Court was brisk. By December 7, 1916, the W. F. Park Co. announced in The Cherokee Times that it had seven residences already built or under construction in Bailey Court. Another article in the Cherokee Times (undated, Cherokee Area Archives) contained the following description of Bailey Court in ca. 1917: A charming different addition has been opened in Cherokee east of Roosevelt Ave and north of Sumner St. It is named Bailey Court in honor of the E.B. Baileys, pioneers who have lived in town for many years. Upon the death of Mrs. Bailey, her grandsons the Stiles brothers, decided to lay out the old pasture land as a residential court. A private park lies along Sumner, with a drive and fine lots around the other three sides. Mr. Barry of the Times is one of those planning to build there soon. 38 The Barry House that was in the planning stages in the article above was completed in by one of the Stiles brothers - Fred Stiles; a contemporary photo appears below. Justin Barry, a Cherokee newspaper publisher at the time and former Iowa State Representative from Cedar Rapids, and his wife, Adelaide, were the occupants of this house at 522 Bailey Court. It is an example of an American Four-Square form with Prairie School influences such as the raised belt course between levels, low-pitched hipped roof, and closed balustrade and porch skirting. Justin & Adelaide Barry House, 522 Bailey Court 1917 Prairie School Style (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) 38 Undated newspaper article (ca ) re: Bailey Court, Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Public Library. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 127

128 Stiles, Nestor & Maude, House, 524 Bailey Court 1919 Craftsman Style, Front-Gable, 2-story Style, above (John Snapp, photographer, 2016); below, ca historic view (Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Public Library) Next door to the Stiles-Barry House, Nestor L. Stiles and his wife Maude [Molyneaux] built a home at 524 Bailey Court, photo at left. Nestor the older brother of Fred Stiles, was also one of the lead developers of Bailey Court and a banker at Cherokee State Bank. The Nestor Stiles House is one of several examples of Craftsman Style, Front-Gable, and two-story house forms in the Bailey Court Historic District. It retains its original finishes, windows, knee brace brackets along the gable ends, and an early but not original Craftsman Style front porch enclosure. Another Craftsman Style, Front-Gable, 2-story house was finished nearby for the E.L. and Adele Turner family at 510 Bailey Court. Elwood Turner was one of three land developers for Bailey Court. His 1918 house remains virtually unchanged except for paint colors and replacement of the parlor window. A view of the newly completed house, below right, is from a frontpage illustration published in The Cherokee Times on September 19, 1918 with the present day house to the left. See more about other house owners of the Turner House below. Elwood L. & Adele Turner House, 510 Bailey Court 1918 Craftsman Front-Gable, 2-story (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 128

129 Two other members of the Bailey and Stiles family built along N. Roosevelt Ave around the turn of the 20 th century. The first house belonged to E.B. Bailey s first daughter, Mary Ann, and her husband John Potter, who moved to Cherokee from their farm in They built a small vernacular house form at 611 N Roosevelt Ave, photo below that was typical of the time period a modest 1½-story frame house with a hipped roof and gabled wall dormers on the steeply hipped slopes, each fitted out with simple cornice returns. A low-pitched hipped roof extends along the front porch. At the time it was built, the Bailey-owned pasture land was across the county road to the east and Mary Ann s aunt, Mary Jane Bailey resided in a nonextant home in the vicinity of the future Bailey Court Park. John F. and Mary Ann [Bailey] Potter House, 611 N Roosevelt Ave 1903 Vernacular Hipped Roof, 1½-story (John Snapp, photographer, 2016) The last Bailey/Stiles family house on Roosevelt Ave was built in 1907 at 448 N Roosevelt Ave for Mary [Stiles] Brummer and her husband George Brummer. This location was diagonally across the intersection of N Roosevelt Ave and Sumner St from her parents, Charles A. and Frances [Bailey] Stiles. Mary s maternal grandparents were E.B. and Mary Jane Bailey. George Brummer was a native of rural Cherokee County and after graduating from college, he worked for the Illinois Central Railroad s freight department in Cherokee. In 1902 he joined the Cherokee State Bank where he eventually became cashier and then vice-president. The Brummer House was designed by Eisentraut, Colby & Pottenger Co. who had a Sioux City practice at the time. Eisentraut was an Iowa native who practiced in a variety of locations including Carroll (1892), Sioux City (1892, ), Boone (1895), Des Moines ( ), Kansas City, Missouri (( ), and various communities in South Dakota ( ). In addition to residences, his design practice included courthouses, schools, and libraries in Nebraska, Iowa, and South Dakota. Alice [Ballard] Puffett House ca Vernacular, Gable-Front & Wing (John Snapp, photographer, 2016) The balance of the Bailey Court and North Roosevelt Avenue Historic District contains non-bailey and Stiles family houses on scattered lots throughout the district. Several of the oldest houses are located along E Sumner St. and are examples of vernacular house forms. The house at 452 E Sumner St., photo at left, was built sometime after Alice Ballard acquired the property in 1878 and before her husband, Dr. George Puffett, took up his medical practice in Cherokee in ca It is an example of a vernacular, gable-front & wing, 1-story house form with a stone block foundation and bracketed bay window on the gable-front wing. Iowa Census Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 129

130 records in 1895 show Alice Puffett and her husband, Dr. George Puffett, residing with Alice s family her parents, Louis and Katherine Ballard and two brothers. Louis was a retired dentist and Dr. Puffett worked as a physician. By 1898 the property at 452 E Sumner St was transferred to Alice s mother Katherine Ballard, a widow. About this time, Alice and George moved to a farmstead in Cedar Township where he farmed for a time and later resumed his medical practice in Aurelia in The Puffetts moved to Story County at a later date. A construction date for the Sumner St house estimated by Cherokee County Assessor records is 1881, which is consistent with the design of the dwelling. Next door at 454 E Sumner St, E.F. Wilkie and his wife Ann purchased the lot from the Ballard family in The Wilkies owned a grocery store and built the Craftsman Bungalow with a front-gable roof and 1½-stories in ca The well-preserved house has vertical multi-light panes in the upper sashes of the double-hung windows and battered columns on the front portico. E.F. and Ann Wilkie House, ca Sumner St Craftsman Bungalow (John Snapp, photographer, 2016) Three houses in the Bailey Court Addition were built or occupied over a period of 50 years by members of the Popma family. The first was built by Walter Popma, a retired barber, and his wife Anna on the lot at 532 Bailey Court and was completed in Walter was one of eight barbers in the Popma family in Northwest Iowa. In 1911 he left Orange City and opened a barber shop in downtown Cherokee with his cousin, A. G. Al Popma. They ran the joint barbershop until 1913 when the cousins set up separate barber shops; they joined forces again during World War I. After the war, Walter retired to enjoy their new home on Bailey Court. The Walter and Anna Popma House, photo right, was the first of several examples of the Craftsman Style Front-Gable, 2-story form to be built in the Bailey Court neighborhood by the developers. Walter and Anna Popma House, Bailey Court Craftsman Front-Gable (John Snapp, photographer, 2016) Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 130

131 Al Popma and his wife Louise occupied two houses in the Bailey Court neighborhood during Al s 70 years of barbering in Cherokee, which was pronounced a state record by the Cherokee Daily Times in a frontpage story on December 8, The first house the couple occupied was purchased in 1923 from E.L. Turner, one of several Bailey Court developers, who with his wife, Adele Turner, occupied the house briefly. Located at 510 Bailey Court (see photo, p. 128) on the west side of the park, this Craftsman Style design features a fine entrance way and front porch detailing. The Popmas resided here until shortly after Al retired in The house was then sold to fellow downtown Cherokee merchants, Gerhart and Viola Baumann who operated Baumann Bakery. The Popmas built a new Bailey Court home next door to the north at 514 Bailey Court in ca. 1950, photo below. This house is an example of a Minimal Traditional 1½-story house form that became popular after WWII in the U.S. It has no eaves, a shallow projecting wing with contiguous gables wing on the front façade, and a shed attic dormer on the rear. The two Popma houses shared a common feature a large picture window that was likely a later addition by the Popmas for their first house and an original feature on the second house. After moving to their new house, Al Popma continued his second barbering career on behalf of hospital patients and shut-ins. A.G. and Louise Popma Second House, Bailey Court - Minimal Traditional (John Snapp, photographer, 2016) On the east side of Bailey Court Park, one of four Craftsman Style Bungalows was built in the district. The historic photo below was for the Chester and Ellen Holden House completed in 1917 at 548 Bailey Court; it was likely built by E.C. Beazley. The house in 2016 retains its basic form but has been modified with synthetic siding. Chester and Ellen Holden House, Bailey Court historic view, above (Cherokee Area Archives photo); contemporary view, right (John Snapp, photographer, 2016) Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 131

132 By the time Bailey Court Park was nearly fully developed, three Bungalows had also been built along E Sumner St adjoining Bailey Court Addition. They included houses at 450 E Sumner St in 1908, 419 E Sumner St in 1912, and 425 E Sumner St in Each of the Bungalows has features in common such as a broad, side gable roof form though the types and location of their porches, fenestration, and dormer styles are different. 450 E Sumner St, 1908 E Sumner St Bungalows Photo Credits: Bruce Meyer and John Snapp, E Sumner St, E Sumner St, 1912 The most recent house in the Bailey Court and North Roosevelt Avenue Historic District is at 554 Bailey Court but faces E Sumner St. It is an example of a blended Ranch and Minimal Traditional form with a side-gable, 1-story design. It includes an attached single-bay garage and a picture window group in the living room. Part of the front is clad in brick with low roof pediments over the garage and formal space. 554 Bailey Court, 1955 Photo Credit: John Snapp, The success of the development of the Bailey Court Addition can be measured in several ways. The blocks and nearly all of the individual lots were sold, resold and developed in mere years rather than decades before and after World War I. Only one lot has seen a house built and razed since it was constructed before the war until present day. The house forms developed were built repeatedly and a high level of physical integrity has been sustained. The occupancy periods by families choosing this neighborhood were Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 132

133 frequently multiple decades, and the popularity of the district was repeated often in building news accounts or social news of the day. And finally, the Bailey Court neighborhood s success was reflected in promotion of nearby areas such as the public auction of lots in Clark s Addition to east of Bailey Court in 1918 advertised below was an example of such a promotion. Bailey Court Park Photo Credit: Bruce Meyer, 2016 Advertisement for Clarke s Addition Lot Sales near Bailey Court, The Semi-Weekly Democrat, June 24, Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 133

134 One of the lessons learned in completing a historic survey is that buildings frequently do not reveal their importance without considerable research and, sometimes, serendipity. That was the case for the house at 433 Sumner St located along the south edge of Bailey Court Park. John Snapp and Barb Busch-Mott, Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission researchers, were researching the Bailey Court neighborhood as work on the survey was concluding when an inquiry came to the Cherokee Area Archives where they both also served as volunteers. Information was sought from a Maryland resident about a Civil War soldier with Cherokee links Hiram W. Redman. He was mentioned in Hiram W. and Violetta Redman House, 433 Sumner St. ca. 1900, Vernacular I-House (Bruce Meyer, photographer, 2016) Bill O Reilly s 2011 book, Killing Lincoln: The Shocking Assassination That Changed America Forever. When President Lincoln was shot, and his assassins were caught, Redman was identified in the book as one of the soldiers to serve as a military guard for the assassins. He was also mentioned in the book as a resident of Cherokee. In responding to the inquiry, Barb and John found a copy of Redman s 1933 obituary. It described him as having served in the Union Army and confirmed his service as a military guard for Lincoln s assassins. The surprise for both Barb and John was that the obituary identified Redman as having lived at 433 Sumner Street in the Bailey Court neighborhood after he retired from his farm in Afton Township in By coincidence, the same house had been identified as part of the Bailey Court neighborhood during the historic survey that Barb and John were working on. When Redman died at the age of 84, he left behind nine living Civil War veterans in Cherokee County. Barb and John s joint discovery added an important historical dimension to the story of the modest Hiram W. and Violetta Redman family home, photo above. Bailey Court and N. Roosevelt Avenue Historic District Contributing and Noncontributing Resources Street Number Date Historic Owner/ Style/ Form / Name Bailey Court Craftsman, Side-Gable, 2-story Non- Contributing Bailey Court Turner, E.L. & Adele, House (land developer); Popma, Albert G. & Louise, House (first house - barber, ); Baumann, Gerhart & Viola (Baumann Bakery, ) Craftsman, Front-Gable, 2-story Bailey Court Minimal Traditional, 1½-story Bailey Court Craftsman, Front-Gable, 2-story Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 134

135 Street Number Date Historic Owner/ Name Style/ Form / Bailey Court 522 ca Stiles-Barry House Prairie School/Am. Four-Square (Stiles, Fred B. & Frances, banker; Barry, Justin & Adelaide, newspaper publisher; Iowa State Rep.) Bailey Court Stiles, Nestor L. & Craftsman, Front-Gable, 2-story Maude F. [Molyneaux], House (banker, Cherokee State Bank) Bailey Court Craftsman, Side-Gable, 2-story Bailey Court Popma, Walter J. & Craftsman, Front-Gable, 2-story Anna, House (ret. barber) Bailey Court Craftsman, Front-Gable, 2-story Bailey Court Ranch/Rambler, Side-Gable, 1- story Bailey Court Holden, Chester and Craftsman/Bungalow, 2-story; Ellen, House Noodstorm & Beazely, contractor Bailey Court Ranch/Rambler, Side-Gable, 1- story Bailey Court Bailey Court Park Park Square Roosevelt Ave, N Roosevelt Ave, N Roosevelt Ave, N Roosevelt Ave, N Roosevelt Ave, N Roosevelt Ave, N Roosevelt Ave, N Roosevelt Ave, N Roosevelt Ave, N Brummer, George & Mary [Stiles], House (Ill Cen RR, Cherokee State Bank, cashier & vicepresident)) 501 ca Stiles, Charles A. & Eunice [White], House second house ( capitalist, Cherokee State Bank) Robertson, Margaret Maggie, House (vacant lot owned by John Goeb) Stebbins-Stiles House (Stebbins, J.W., ; Stiles, Charles A. & Frances Leah Lillie [Bailey], (first house), nurseryman, farmer Goeb, John H., House (creamery owner); Liautaud, Theodore, House Am. Four-Square; architect- Eisentraut, Colby & Pottenger Co., Sioux City Classical Revival, Hipped Roof, 2-story; architect- Wilfred Beach, Sioux City Craftsman, Front-Gable, 2-story Craftsman, Side-Gable, 2-story Vernacular, Gable-Front & Wing, 1-story Craftsman, Side-Gable, 2-story Vernacular, Gable-Front & Wing, 2-story Ryden, Art & Lucille Am. Four-Square (Benson) House Vernacular, Gable-Front & Wing, 2-story Non- Contributing HD-Non-Con Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 135

136 Street Number Date Historic Owner/ Name Style/ Form / Roosevelt Wolff House Am. Four-Square Ave, N Roosevelt Potter, John F. & Mary Vernacular, Hipped Roof, 1½story Ave, N Ann [Bailey], House (retired farmers) Roosevelt Rambler/Ranch, Hipped Roof, 1- Ave, N story Roosevelt Vernacular, Gable-Front & Wing, Ave, N 2-story Roosevelt Vernacular, Gable-Front & Wing, Ave, N 1-story Roosevelt Vernacular, Hipped Roof, 1½story HD- Con Ave, N Sumner St., E Craftsman/Bungalow Side-Gabled, 2-story Sumner St., E Craftsman/Bungalow Side-Gabled, 2-story Sumner St., E Vernacular, Hipped-Roof, 1- story Sumner St., E 433 ca Redman, Hiram W. & Violetta, House (retired farmer, Civil War veteran) Vernacular, I-House/ Side-Gable, 2-story Sumner St., E Vernacular, Gable-Front & Wing, 1-story Sumner St., E Craftsman/Bungalow Side-Gabled, 2-story Sumner St., E Puffett, Alice, House (wife, Dr. George F. Puffett) Sumner St., E Wilkie, E.F. & Ann, House (grocer) Vernacular, Gable-Front & Wing, 1-story Craftsman/Bungalow, Front- Gable, 1½-story Non- Contributing HD-Non-Con Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 136

137 Bailey Court Park 560 Bailey Ct Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 137

138 Ash Street Historic District The Ash Street Historic Group/Historic District Ave in northeast Cherokee includes the blocks of Ash St between N Roosevelt Ave and the east end of Ash St near Park Ave and the intersecting 600 block of Saratoga. This mostly linear neighborhood was developed in northeast Cherokee between 1950 and 1965 within the Osterling Addition platted by Osterling Construction Company on July 31, 1950 and three lots within Sublot of Lot 3 NW 1/4 SW 1/4 Section at the east end of the neighborhood. Gunnar Osterling, a native of Sweden and immigrant to Cherokee County in 1914, graduated from Greer Architectural Engineering School (later Greer Technical Institute) in Chicago in1928. He returned to Cherokee and entered the building trade, eventually farming near Aurelia. After World War II, he formed Osterling Construction Company and in 1955, the partnership of Grundman-Osterling Co. The two Osterling firms built the Immaculate Conception Gymnasium, the original Washington School, the Cherokee swimming pool, the Osterling Building, and Osterling was an important proponent of building the Bethlehem Lutheran Church. Completion of the platting and construction of much of the Ash Street neighborhood was his most important project. It includes many dwellings bearing the name of Osterling Construction as the contractor. By the mid-1950s, newspaper accounts and advertisements for residential projects along Ash St (see below) were well underway. Between 1950 and 1963 the Osterling Addition saw 37 primary buildings completed with secondary structures finished in those same years along Ash and Saratoga streets in subsequent decades. Residential lots along the flat, two-block length of Ash St were planted with Ash trees, which have now formed a noticeably vertical arch over the street. The neighborhood includes nearly all onestory dwellings of similar scale and material along the two blocks of Ash St and one block of Saratoga Avenue. All were built using a variation of Ranch/Rambler Style designs or Minimal Traditional house forms developed in the post-world War II decades in Cherokee. The strong horizontal profiles of these building forms was accentuated on the Ranch/Rambler Style designs by low pitched hipped and side-gabled roofs as well as the use of grouped shorter windows and including casements, awning and double-hung windows or Chicago window groups. Brick or stone wainscoting was used to accent raised foundation sections beneath window sills or as a veneer for recessed entrance way walls. The floor plans for these houses put an attached or semi-attached garage connected by a breezeway at one end of the house. Private areas containing bedrooms and baths were at the opposite end. In between were public areas such as the foyer, living room, dining area and family room with the kitchen almost always along the rear wall. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 138

139 On February 18, 1954 The Cherokee Courier published the article below promoting sales of two Ash St houses built by Osterling. Only a dozen residences were completed in the neighborhood at this time. In other issues of the paper, the company regularly advertised their availability for a wide range of projects in Cherokee. To Hold Open House at New Homes Here Open House has been scheduled for Saturday and Sunday at two new homes in Cherokee constructed recently by the Osterling Construction Company. The new homes are located on North Saratoga Street. One is a two bedroom house, and the other features three bedrooms. The new homes designed to be sold on the basis of a two thousand dollar down payment, with the balance to be handled on a monthly payment of only $62.50 including principal payment, interest, taxes, and insurance. Open House will be held from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. on Saturday and from 1 p.m. to 6 p.m. on Sunday. The two bedroom home is located at 636 N. Saratoga and the three bedroom home at 630 N. Saratoga. Robert Dunn, House Saratoga Ave Minimal Traditional, Side-Gabled Roof (Cherokee County Assessor Photograph) One of the two Osterling-built houses referenced in the open house article above, appears in the photo at left. The 65 x 100 ft lot was suitable for a 768 sq. ft. Minimal Traditional, Side-Gabled Roof house form one of several modest sized houses in the neighborhood clustered along Saratoga Ave. and on slightly narrower lots scattered throughout the neighborhood. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 139

140 As was noted in earlier discussions of Ranch/Rambler Style houses, the principal means of distinguishing subtypes of these houses as well as those of their cousin the Minimal Traditional house form is identification by roof forms. Nearly all of the possibilities for various roof forms based on this technique are found in the Ash St neighborhood. A summary table of Ash St and Saratoga Ave houses by roof form appears below with examples shown on subsequent pages. Ash Street House Forms, Built, Houses Built Years Built Form , 1965 Ranch/Rambler, Cross-Gabled Roof, 1-story Ranch/Rambler, Cross-Hipped Roof, 1-story Ranch/Rambler, Hipped Roof, 1-story Ranch/Rambler, Side-Gabled Roof, 1-story Minimal Traditional, Side-Gabled, 1½- story & Cape Cod Minimal Traditional, Cross-Gabled Roof, 1-story Minimal Traditional, Side-Gabled, 1-story The Judge Russell G. and Esther Rodman House at 402 Ash St, photo below, was built in 1958 by Grundman-Osterling Co. in anticipation of the judge s retirement. It stands out as an example of a welldesigned Ranch/Rambler house using the Cross-Hipped Roof form. It has an extremely low-pitched hipped roof profile and semi-detached single-bay garage with an open breezeway connecting the two. Short double-hung 1/1 windows include a pair of sashes at the corner of the front facade. When originally built for the Rodmans, design accommodations were reportedly made to make the house accessible for Judge Rodman. Rodman resigned his 26 years of service in the 21 st Judicial District in August He died in 1963 but his widow held the property until 1991 when it was transferred to local manufacturer, Robert J. Thomas and his wife Doris. The couple s R.J. Thomas Manufacturing Company initially manufactured agricultural equipment and later Pilot Rock brand park equipment when the family lived here. Judge Russell G. and Esther Rodman House/R.J. and Doris Thomas House, 402 Ash St 1958 Ranch/Rambler, Cross-Hipped Roof Form (John Snapp, photographer, 2016) Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 140

141 One other Cross-Hipped Roof and two Hipped Roof Ranch houses were built in the early 1950s at the west end of Ash St a few years before the Rodman House was completed. Both the Gill and Delma Quinn House at 416 Ash St and the Dr. A.J. and Ann Tanner House at 410 Ash St (photos below) were completed in They were built with brick veneer finishes and used Hipped Roof designs and single bay garages; this was a rare material choice in the neighborhood. Gill Quinn operated a service station at the time and Dr. Tanner was a dentist. The Tanner House has been confirmed as a project by Osterling Construction Co. for a cost of $15,000 based on the building permit. Three years later, Oscar Lindgren, a retired farmer, had the house at 406 Ash St built. Given the similar designs and time frame it is also likely that the Quinn, Tanner and Lindgren houses were all built by Osterling Construction Co. Gill and Delma Quinn House, 416 Ash St, 1955 Ranch, Hipped Roof (Cherokee County Assessor Photograph) Dr. A.J. and Ann Tanner House, 410 Ash St, 1952 Ranch, Hipped Roof (Cherokee County Assessor Photograph) Oscar Lindgren House, 406 Ash St, 1955 Ranch, Cross-Hipped Roof (Cherokee County Assessor Photograph) Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 141

142 Bruce Christensen House, 506 Ash St (John Snapp, photographer, 2016) Another contractor who resided on Ash St was Bruce Christensen operating as Christensen Brothers, a bridge and road contractor. One of his personal residences, above, completed in 1956 at 506 Ash St, is an example of a Ranch/ Rambler, Side-Gabled Roof form. This one featured classic features for this style including brick wainscoting across the front and sides, a Chicago window grouping in the living room, a multi-panel single-bay garage door, and an extremely narrow passage door in the garage. Christensen s employee, Joe Elliot, occupied the Minimal Traditional, Cross-Gabled Roof house at 525 Ash St in It is unlikely that Christensen Brothers participated in building either of these houses. One of the last houses built on Ash St was the Rudolph and Elizabeth Johnson House in 1963 at 400 Ash St. This Side-Gabled Roof example of the Ranch/Rambler Style was built for a retired farm couple. Rudolph also worked as a contractor and may have built this house himself. Like many other examples of Ranch/Rambler houses along Ash St, it has a brick wainscoting on the front and sides with a Chicago window group to the side of the entrance. A small single-bay garage is at one end of the house. Rudolph and Elizabeth Johnson House Ash St - Side-Gabled Roof Ranch/Rambler (John Snapp, photographer, 2016) Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 142

143 Lot widths in the Osterling Addition ranged from 60 to 90 feet. This allowed for house plans with both wider floor plans and slightly narrower foot prints. The example of a Minimal Traditional, Side-Gabled, 1½story house plan for the Charles and Irene Lear House (photo left) at 422 Ash St met the criteria for narrower lots. In this case, the lot was just 67 feet wide along the front and rear lot lines. Charles worked as a cook at the time the house was built in 1950 and later became owner of the Lewis Hotel. Edward and Leone Hinkeldey House, 624 Saratoga Ave 1950 Minimal Traditional /Cape Cod (Cherokee County Assessor, 2016) Charles and Irene Lear House 1950, 422 Ash St Minimal Traditional (John Snapp, photographer, 2016) Another example of a Minimal Traditional house form sometimes referred to as a Cape Cod design was used in the Edward and Leone Hinkeldey House (photo left) at 624 Saratoga Ave. Edward worked as a carpenter for Osterling Construction Co. at the time and likely participated in its building. The house contained the classic elements of the Cape Cod variation with the dormered upper level available for finishing at the time of initial construction or in later years as a family grew. This concept was part of the original FHA Minimum House developed during the Great Depression years. As was noted above, the concept was introduced in the Federal housing effort to address the need for affordable housing by anticipating that a better economy in the future might allow for greater housing investment in such house designs. In summary, the Ash Street neighborhood is a good example of the residential architectural trends present in Iowa in the post-world War II decades with well-preserved examples of both Minimal Traditional and Ranch/Rambler house forms. Residents of the neighborhood included a cross-section of middle class professionals, retail business owners, the heads of new manufacturing concerns, and a number of employees in the building trades. In both respects, the early years of neighborhood s physical development and who chose to live here told the story of post-war growth in Cherokee. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 143

144 Ash Street Historic Group/Historic District Contributing and Noncontributing Resources Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Style/ Form / Ash St Johnson, Rudolph & Elizabeth, Ranch/Rambler, Side- House/Nafe, Claude, & Della, Gabled Roof, 1-story House (ret. farmer & contractor) Ash St Tscherster, Ernest & Phyllis, House - in the 1950s (carpenter, Grundman-Hicks) Ash St Rodman, R.G. & Esther, House (district court judge) Ash St Lindgren, Oscar, House (retired farmer) Ash St Waters, Alta, House (widow of Earl, retired farmers) Vernacular, Front-gable & wing, 1-story Ranch/Rambler, Cross- Hipped Roof, 1-story Ranch/Rambler, Cross- Hipped Roof, 1-story Ranch/Rambler, Cross- Gabled Roof, 1-story HD-Non- Con HD-Non- Con Ash St Tanner, Dr. A. J. & Ann, House (dentist) Ash St 411/ Wester, Elmer & Mabel, House (retired farmers) Ranch/Rambler, Hipped Roof, 1-story; built by Gunnar Osterling, $15,000 Minimal Traditional, Cross-Gabled Roof, 1- story Ranch/Rambler, Hipped Roof, 1-story Ash St Quinn, Gill & Delma, House (Service Station owner) Ash St Ranch/Rambler. Side- Gabled Roof, 1-story Ash St 419/ Ohlson, Vernon & Bonnie, House Minimal Traditional, Side- (salesman) Gabled Roof,, 1-story Ash St Lear, Charles & Irene, House Minimal Traditional, Side- (cook - later owner Lewis Hotel) Gabled, 1½- story Ash St Ranch/Rambler, Side- Gabled, 1- story Ash St Anderson, S. Ludwig & Nancy, Ranch/Rambler, Cross- House (retired farmers) Hipped Roof, 1-story Ash St Everett, Bert, House, (retired Ranch/Rambler, Crossfarmer) Hipped Roof, 1-story Ash St Hahn, Lincoln & Leora, House Minimal Traditional, Side- (retired farmers) Gabled Roof, 1-story Ash St Green, Ray & Caroline, House Minimal Traditional, Side- (Pharmacist - Nelson Drug) Gabled Roof, 1-story Ash St Minimal Traditional, Side- Gabled Roof, 1-story Ash St Halstrom, Eddie & Effie, House Ranch/Rambler, Side- (retired farmers) Gabled Roof, 1-story Ash St Minimal Traditional, Cross-Gabled Roof, 1- story Ash St Casey, Florence, House Minimal Traditional, Cross-Gabled Roof, 1- story Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 144

145 Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Style/ Form / Ash St Bryant, Mrs. Ocie (widow, Ranch/Rambler, Side- William, (retired farmers) Gabled Roof, 1-story Ash St Sayre, David, House (lawyer) Ranch/Rambler, Side- Gabled Roof, 1-story Ash St Nixon, Earl, House (NW Bell) Minimal Traditional, Side- Gabled Roof, 1-story Ash St Ellis, Howard, House Minimal Traditional, (A&W Drive-in) Cross-Gabled Roof, 1- story Ash St Christensen, Bruce, House (Christensen Brothers Construction Co., bridge and road) Ash St Crocker, Charles, House (County Recorder) Ranch/Rambler, Side- Gabled Roof, 1-story; Minimal Traditional, Cross-Gabled Roof, 1- story Ash St Schaefer, Pat (cattle buyer) Ranch/Rambler, Cross- Gabled Roof, 1-story Ash St Martin, Ted and Millie, House Minimal Traditional, Side- (Martin Furniture Store owners) Gabled Roof, 1-story Ash St Simons, Ray, House (cattle buyer) Minimal Traditional, Cross-Gabled Roof, 1- story Ash St French, Larry and Betty (owner, Ranch/Rambler, Side- Caswell Manufacturing) Gabled Roof, 1-story Ash St 525 ca.1955 Elliot, Joe, House, (Christensen Minimal Traditional, Brothers Construction Co., bridge Cross-Gabled Roof, 1- and road) story Saratoga Lundell, Harry & Esther, House Minimal Traditional, Side- Ave (vice-pres., Lundell Mfg. Co.) Gabled Roof, 1-story Saratoga 607 ca.1953 Fredrickson, Russell C. & Violet, Minimal Traditional, Side- Ave House (cattle buyer, ret. farmer) Gabled Roof, 1-story Saratoga Ave Saratoga Ave Saratoga Ave Saratoga Ave Hinkeldey, Edward & Leone, House (carpenter, Osterling Construction) Burkhart, Clayton Mick & Jeannette, House (partner, B & Hatchery & Feed Store) Minimal Traditional/ Cape Cod. 1½-story; attrib. builder - Osterling Construction Co. Ranch/Rambler, Cross- Hipped Roof, 1-story Dunn, Robert, House Minimal Traditional, Side- Gabled Roof, 1-story; builder - Osterling Construction Co Kinkead, R.L., House (school superintendent) Ranch/Rambler, Cross- Hipped Roof, 1-story HD-Non- Con Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 145

146 Cherokee Cancer Sanitarium and Seaman House As was noted in the overview discussion of the North Central and Northeast Neighborhoods section (p. 112), there is no historic district or individual historic resource surviving with a direct association to the operation of the Cherokee Magnetic Mineral Springs except for the partially intact Magnetic Springs Park entrance gates at the northeast corner of Park Ave and Saratoga Ave shown in the photo on p.19. Features originally developed for the Mineral Springs included the private Magnetic Springs Park and Fountain House, a race track, Chautauqua grounds, and other associated buildings, most of which were razed prior to World War I. The land was eventually redeveloped as a residential district. The history of the popular local attraction was described more fully in this report on pp Before the Fountain House building was razed, however, its previous function as a health resort drew a new brief use as another health facility the Seaman Cancer Sanitarium. Dr. Charles Ora Seaman ( ) who specialized in the treatment of cancer for more than 50 years in Iowa and Dakota Territory relocated to Cherokee from Davenport after his sanitarium first established there in ca. 1895, burned. He sought a new location closer to his home in Dakota Territory and Cherokee's Fountain House suited his purpose in Before long, Charles purchased property several blocks to the west at the corner of Magnetic Ave and N Roosevelt just south of Webster School. He acquired the property with a building in place or had it built, Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 146

147 naming the facility Cherokee Cancer Infirmary. An historic view of the facility from the 1907 county atlas is on the previous page and a 2017 view of the sanitarium is shown at right. It had a capacity of patients in 1905 and by 1914 was one of 23 cancer sanitariums in Iowa. Seaman s infirmary building is an example of a Vernacular Gable-Front-and-Wing, two-story dwelling and is located at 402 Magnetic Ave. After opening his sanitarium to Cherokee, Dr. C.O. Seaman was joined two years later in practice by his son, Dr. Roy C. Seaman ( ) after Roy finished medical school at Bennett Medical College in Chicago. In poor health at the time, Dr. C.O. Seaman retired in 1907 and two years later in 1909 moved to Des Moines, leaving Roy in charge. A younger son, Deward A. Seaman, became Roy s assistant eventually providing much of the patient nursing care. Dr. R.C. and Lena Seaman built a house west of the infirmary at 400 Magnetic Ave in 1908 (photo at left) and eventually renamed the infirmary the Cherokee Sanitarium. It was sometimes also referred to in publications as the N. Roosevelt Ave and on the postcard advertiser at right. The map of the former Magnetic Park neighborhood on the following page shows the location of the two buildings with both located immediately south of Webster School the former Addition School and east of N Roosevelt Ave on Magnetic Ave. Cherokee Cancer Infirmary/Sanitarium, 402 Magnetic Ave ca (John Snapp, photographer, 2016) After Dr. R.C Seaman died unexpectedly in 1933, D.A. Seaman, who worked as a nurse at the Sanitarium, was joined a short time later by Dr. W. A. Howard to manage the facility. In the late 1930s, the Sanitarium was no longer in operation according to 1939 city directory listings. Seaman Cancer Sanitarium. Both the house and Sanitarium appear in the photo at left Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 147

148 Both the R.C. and Lena Seaman House and the earlier Cherokee Cancer Sanitarium (photos previous page) have been found to meet National Register Criteria individually. Iowa Site Inventory Forms have been prepared for both buildings as a part of this survey. Seaman House 400 Magnetic Ave Webster School Magnetic Ave Cherokee Cancer Sanatorium 402 Magnetic Ave The Cherokee Assessor s aerial photograph below shows the location of the two buildings in Both buildings are likely eligible for the National Register under Criteria A, B and C for their association with the Magnetic Springs, their association with Drs. C.O. and R.C. Seaman, and the architectural significance for the R.C. and Lena Seaman House. Former Webster School Cherokee Cancer Sanitarium, 402 Magnetic Ave Dr. R.C. & Lena Seaman House, 400 Magnetic Ave Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 148

149 C. Central and Southeast Neighborhood Railroad Creek Bridge Group/Historic District Cherokee s geography and historic and physical development have been defined by its proximity to the west bank of the Little Sioux River and the relationship of that wide flood plain to narrower streams and creeks which enter the river as it passes through Cherokee. Two of the most important streams include Mill Creek north of Old Cherokee, and Railroad Creek that meanders from northwest to southeast through the center of town. Understanding the transportation story that related to travel to Cherokee from outlying areas and internally between neighborhoods and the central business district means understanding the locations of the bridges that have been built and replaced for more than 15 decades. The story of river crossings for Railroad Creek constitutes a century of transportation history. Among the first bridges constructed over Railroad Creek following the major flood of 1891 were five wood bridges east of downtown. A somewhat earlier bridge appears in the post card view below taken in June Regular flooding did not promise long lives for the wood bridges. The rare historic view of the Union Street Bridge over Railroad Creek that may have been one the wood bridges from the post-1891 flood era appears below. Historic view of Union Street Bridge over Railroad Creek, 1911, looking southwest with Memorial Presbyterian Church in background and the G.A.R. Hall., 110 Union St. out of view on the left or east side (Postcard, Military/Civil War Documents, Box 90, Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Public Library). Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 149

150 The wood bridges were each replaced with more substantial bridges roughly between 1914 and 1917 according to newspaper accounts. 39 The new structures were all concrete bridges built along the routes of Union Street, E Willow St, Euclid Ave, E Main St and E Maple St. The Cherokee County Board of Supervisors began the bridge replacements in partnership with the City of Cherokee in 1914 with a project for 17 bridges and culverts that continued until Koss Construction Co. from Des Moines was the successful bidder for bridges described as I-beam spindle rail designs. Photos for most of the 1914 to 1917 period replacement bridges, appear on the following pages along with a 1924 Sanborn Map for the area where they were built. Flooding continued to damage bridges and the next round of bridge replacement came as part of New Deal programs on the eve of World War II. Construction of the E Cedar Street Bridge (photos right by John E. Cedar St. Bridge, 100 block Snapp and Sam Kooiker, 2016) was done in 1941 as one of the last local Federal Works Agency, Works Project Administration (WPA) undertakings. 39 Cherokee County Board of Supervisors Minutes, Semi-Weekly Democrat, April 16, 1914 and March 26, Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 150

151 Railroad Creek Bridges built (Photographs by Bruce Meyer and John Snapp, 2016) GAR Hall E. Willow St. Bridge, 200 block, looking NW (above); Bridge spindle details, foreground and Union St. Bridge in the background (below) 1924 Sanborn Map Union St. Bridge, 200 block, retaining walls, west side, looking south & north (left & right, below); Union St. Bridge, east side, looking N. with GAR Hall in the background (below, far right). Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 151

152 Euclid Ave Bridge, 100 block E. Maple St. Bridge, 100 block In addition to the concrete bridges erected over Railroad Creek between 1914 and 1917, Cherokee has a good collection of railroad trestles, concrete culverts and bridges now reused for walking paths and trails, Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 152

153 spanning the period from ca through the completion of this survey in Representative photos are by photographers Bruce Meyer and John Snap taken in Railroad and Trail Bridges Walking trail and bridge built in 2013 on old Illinois Central RR branch line trestle, north of Downtown between 200 block of W. Cedar St. and N 2nd St. Below: Trestles for Canadian National Railway/Illinois Central RR s stringer bridge on operating mainline in foreground and abandoned line now used for walking trail with ca bridge in place, north of Downtown in 400 block of N 2 nd St; Timber trestles & stringers, ca Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 153

154 Above: Collective view of Illinois Central RR operating mainline in foreground and abandoned line now used for walking trail in center with N. 2 nd St Viaduct, 400 block, in back-ground; looking SE. Right: N. 2 nd St Viaduct, 400 block, looking SSE Above: E. Cherry St. Bridge-Viaduct, 100 block, road level, looking W. Left: E. Cherry St. Bridge- Viaduct substructure, looking N. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 154

155 W. Bluff St. Bridge, 200 block (top and center photos, looking west and south) Central Park Bridge near W. Bluff St., 200 block,; located along Central Park walking trail over Railroad Creek (bottom photo) pedestrian crossing truss bridge by Contech Construction Products, Alexandria, MN, Bridge Number # Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 155

156 Evaluation of the National Register eligibility for extant bridges over Railroad Creek was technically outside of the scope of work for this report s focus on residential neighborhoods. However, the historical background of flooding, bridge construction and reconstruction in neighborhoods, described above suggests the possibility that some of the extant bridges meet National Register eligibility either individually or as a historic district. Further evaluation will be necessary to determine how National Register criteria and integrity standards may specifically apply by conducting an intensive level study of these resources at a future date. A preliminary list of potential resources appears below designed to assist in that process. Railroad Creek Bridge Group/Historic District (from north to south) Contributing and Noncontributing Resources Locational Description Date Name Style/ Form Contributing/ 2 nd St., N/ US Highway 59, 400 block Bluff St, W, 200 block, Central Park Bluff St, W, 200 block Cedar St, E, 100 block Cherry St, E, 100 block Euclid Ave, 100 block Canadian Northern Rwy/ Illinois Central RR Bridge & Trestle Canadian Northern Rwy/ Illinois Central RR Mainline Bridge & Trestle Main St, E, 300 block Maple St, E, 300 block Union St, 200 block Willow St, E, 200 block Culvert/ Spillway for RR Creek Pedestrian Bridge over RR Creek Street Bridge over RR Creek Street Bridge for RR Creek Bridge/ Viaduct for RR Creek Bridge over RR Creek Bridges over RR Creek, 400 block Bridges over RR Creek Bridge over RR Creek Bridge over RR Creek Bridge over RR Creek Bridge over RR Creek 1973 N Second St. Railroad Creek Bridge 2011 Central Park Pedestrian Bridge 1960 W Bluff St. Railroad Creek Bridge 1941 E Cedar St. Railroad Creek Bridge 1973 E Cherry St. Railroad Creek Bridge ca Euclid Ave Railroad Creek Bridge ca Canadian National Railway/Illinois Central RR Bridge & Trestle ca Illinois Central trestle and recreational trail bridge 1950 E. Main St. Railroad Creek Bridge ca E. Maple St. Railroad Creek Bridge ca Union St. Railroad Creek Bridge ca E. Willow St. Railroad Creek Bridge Concrete, solid balustrade Pedestrian connector bridge; builder - Contech Construction Products, Alexandria, MN; Bridge Number # Concrete, open horizontal I- beam-balustrade, # Works Projects Administration (WPA) bridge design; Concrete, pipe rail balustrade, # Concrete, solid balustrade, # Concrete, I-beam spindle rail design; Cherokee Co. Supervisors, # Timber stringer bridge and timber trestle Timber trestle and open horizontal metal balustrade Concrete, pipe rail balustrade design Concrete, I-beam spindle rail design; Cherokee Co. Supervisors, # Concrete, I-beam spindle rail design; Cherokee Co. Supervisors, # Concrete, I-beam spindle rail design; Cherokee Co. Supervisors, # Non- Contributing HD-Non- Con Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 156

157 HADB Railroad Creek Neighborhood Reconnaissance Survey Summary, An historical and architectural reconnaissance survey was completed for a group of properties in portions of the Railroad Creek neighborhood in southeast Cherokee in that was affected by flooding that took place as part of DR-4126 covering the period from May 19-June 14, Marlys Svendsen, Historic Project Specialist with Iowa Homeland Security and Emergency Management at the time, with assistance from Mark Lance, Historic Preservation Specialist with FEMA Region VII completed the study. It was submitted in two phases with the first report on March 10, 2014 and a revised report on April 27, 2015 after the scope of work was expanded and finalized. The reconnaissance survey area included a multi-block area located along and east of the current Canadian National Railroad route as it passes through the neighborhood. The railroad corridor is lined by commercial property especially in downtown Cherokee, which is surrounded by a mix of residential and commercial, more residential the further you get from the town center. Railroad Creek runs southeast nearly parallel to the northwest arm of the Y formed by the Canadian National track, and the study area can be found primarily east and southeast of where the railroad track Y is formed. This is also immediately north of the confluence of Railroad Creek and the Little Sioux River. The initial phase of the survey involved photographing and dating flood affected properties that were more than 50 years old. This included all but two of the 68 properties for which flood assistance was being sought or 66 properties. Of these 66 properties, four were identified as potentially National Register eligible individually. The four potentially individually National Register Eligible properties were at 107 Union St (nonextant in 2016), 112 Union St, 330 E Willow St, and 115 E Locust St (nonextant in 2016). The addresses for all 68 properties including the four found to be potentially individually eligible were shared with Mark Lance, FEMA staff archaeologist, in order that archaeological checks could be completed for all affected properties. None of the site locations were found National Register eligible. No potential National Register eligible historic district(s) were identified in the Railroad Creek neighborhood. The four potentially eligible buildings were widely scattered through the neighborhood with the pair on Union St not anchoring even a small district. The remainder of the houses in the neighborhood reflected development from the late 19 th through the early 20 th centuries. A substantial majority of the neighborhood s buildings had lost their physical integrity either before the disaster (porch enclosures, decks, window opening and window changes, entrance changes, synthetic siding installations, building room additions, roof line changes, etc.) or as a result of flood damage. The multi-acre in-town neighborhood is in central-southeast Cherokee. The housing stock includes a mix of vernacular and high style dwellings including 1-story Hipped Roof residences, Gable-Front-and Wing forms in 1 and 2-story examples, 2-story Hipped Roof/American Four-Square residences, and a number of 1 and 1½-story Craftsman Bungalows and Period Cottages. Foundations were originally built of stone for houses prior to ca with local brick, tile and concrete block used later. The frame residences were clad in clapboard, decorative shingles and stucco with most modified with synthetic siding by the turn of the 21 st century. Two historic contexts developed by Molly Myers Nauman, architectural historian, and Brian Schultes, historian, in their Preservation Planning Report (1996) cover the Railroad Creek neighborhood that was Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 157

158 under development during the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries. They included The Foundations of Prosperity, and Prosperity and Change, Summaries of the two contexts appear in the report. To document the significance of the four properties identified as potentially individually National Register eligible, Iowa Site Inventory Forms were prepared by Marlys Svendsen. Photographs for the four properties for the Reconnaissance Survey are included below. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 158

159 One of the oldest extant buildings to survive in the Railroad Creek Neighborhood is the former First Baptist Church and G.A.R. Hall building currently located at 110 Union St immediately adjacent to Railroad Creek. Extensive research on this property was completed by John Snapp, Cherokee HPC member, during the course of this survey. A summary of Snapp s research about the building appears below. First Baptist Church G.A.R. Hall Seventh Day Adventist Church, 110 Union St 40 The First Baptist Church building that now rests at 110 Union St was originally erected at 118 E. Willow St in 1873 with the first services conducted in September of that year. It would be the first of three Baptist churches at that location. The Baptist congregation formed in New Cherokee in 1870 and met in private homes or community buildings until their Church was completed. It served the congregation for sixteen years until their numbers outgrew the building and a decision was made to build a larger church on the same site. Consequently, in 1889 the original church was a moved a short distance east to the corner of E Willow St and 1st St so construction could begin on the new church that would serve the congregation from (non-extant). The First Baptist congregation continued to worship in the original building while their new and much larger, steepled church was being built. With the opening of the new First Baptist Church, ownership of the original church building passed to the City of Cherokee. Records are somewhat conflicted on this, however, as some early newspaper reports indicate that the Church was sold for $250 to the G.A.R. (Grand Army of the Republic an organization of Union Civil War veterans). Likely the City owned the lot and the G.A.R. acquired the building. Sanborn Map pages at right show the section of E Willow St and Union St through the years at various locations: The May 1888 map shows the Baptist Church at its original location on the north side of the 100 block of East Willow (4 th lot east of 2 nd Street). The Oct 1893 map shows the building now relocated three lots to the east at the NW corner of E Willow & N 1 st St; it is identified as G.A.R. Hall with the new Baptist Church on lot 4. The April 1899 map, seen at right, has the G.A.R Hall at the same location as The June 1909 map (not shown here) displays a vacant lot where the church/hall sat at E Willow and N 1st St. This confirms it was moved to 110 Union St sometime between 1899 and Dec 1914 map shows the building on Union St. at its current location and labeled G.A.R. Hall. Its second move wise likely necessitated by the new alignment of N 1 st St. May 1888 April 1899 N A property transfer search shows that the lot at 110 Union Street was sold by the Iowa RR Land Company to T. Faus on August 20, The next record is Thomas W. Faus & wife to the City of Cherokee on October 4, The next record was City of Cherokee to Seventh Day Adventist on November 7, 1938 and the final record shows the Seventh Day Adventist Church holding it until a private owner acquired it in Dec Snapp, John, First Baptist Church G.A.R. Hall Seventh Day Adventist Church, Unpublished research notes conveyed to Marlys Svendsen, March Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 159

160 The G.A.R. apparently used the building as its meeting hall from 1890 until sometime in the mid-1930s when the last of the Civil War veterans had passed away. Also, the building was used by the City as the Third Ward polling place for over 40 years. A September 21, 1938 article in a Cherokee newspaper noted that Mayor James A. McDonald had announced that the building would be torn down as it was no longer safe. The mayor said that the frame wooden structure, mounted on piling along the north bank of Railroad Creek had been undermined by years of high water and its foundations had rotted. In addition he stated that the cost of heating the building was prohibitive. However, a week later on September 29, 1938 another newspaper article reported that One of Cherokee s oldest buildings, a city landmark, was sold to G. G. Morey for $251 at a special meeting of the city council. Mr. Morey received permission to leave the building at its location on Union Street until June 1, 1939, with the understanding that the council is no longer responsible for it. Mr. Morey was apparently the buyer for the Seventh Day Adventist Church. Sometime thereafter the building was raised up and a new basement foundation was constructed. The building was then home to the Seventh Day Adventist Church for many years, however, it should be noted that several congregations also leased time for services in the Church during these years. One of these would again be the First Baptist congregation that used the Church from 1944 when there second church was demolished until 1953 when their third church was built. Historic view: Seventh Day Adventist Church, 110 Union St, post (Cherokee Area Archives); Contemporary view (John Snapp, photographer, 2016) Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 160

161 Illinois Central Railroad Yard Cherokee - National Register Historic District The Illinois Central Railroad Yard Cherokee Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 9, 1990 based on a nomination (p. 29) associated with a related multiple property listing for The Advent and Development of Railroads in Iowa, The nomination was prepared by Rebecca Conard and Tracy Ann Cunning with PHR Associates. At the time of listing, the historic district included 17 structures identified and shown on the map below from the original nomination. Two of the most important resources in the district in 1990 were the Deport and Express Building (A and B). The same year Depot Renovation, Inc. was formed by local residents to preserve these buildings and the immediate site through fundraising, restoration projects and adaptive reuse of the property. The ongoing successful story of work completed since 1991 can be viewed at the organization s online website - The Depot is now a source of local pride and a focal point for heritage celebrations and education efforts. The balance of the historic district included 15 individual buildings under the control of the Canadian National Railway that were razed by The Freight House (C), which stood along S 4 th Street immediately south of W Elm Street and the Depot and Express Building, was the last building to be demolished on October 1, In recent years, representatives of the Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission (CHPC) have sought counsel from the State Historical Society for how to handle the loss of historic resources within the district. As a part of this survey effort, Jim Adamson, chairperson for the CHPC and president for Depot Renovation, Inc., and John Snapp, CHPC member and photographer walked the entire historic district on November 3, Snapp identified and photographically recorded now non-extant structure locations based on his familiarity with the site as a former Illinois Central railroad worker in the yard some years ago. Photographs were taken to assess condition and evaluate if sufficient integrity remained for inclusion in the district as contributing resources under any of the National Register Criteria. Representative photographs taken by Snapp in 2016, unless otherwise noted, appear on the following pages. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 161

162 Based on observations by Adamson, Snapp and Svendsen, it is clear that the Depot and Express Building maintain sufficient significance and physical integrity to continue to qualify as contributing resources to the Illinois Central Railroad Yard Cherokee Historic District. Svendsen indicates that the buildings would also qualify individually. The loss of integrity for most of the other 15 resources in the original nomination may disqualify them under Criteria A, B or C. For some of those 15 resources, however, sufficient significance may be present to qualify them as contributing under National Register Criterion D, or resources that have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. To qualify as contributing under this criterion, a satisfactory evaluation of the integrity for these resources would also need to be completed in terms of the seven integrity elements - location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling and association. 41 I. Illinois Central RR Yard, Engine House, concrete floor (above); crawl space access opening (right) N. Illinois Central RR Yard, Locker Room, foundation remains (below, right); I. Engine House, concrete floor (below, left). 41 National Register Bulletin 16: Guidelines for Completing National Register of Historic Places Forms, Part A: How to Complete the National Register Registration Form. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Interagency Resources Division, National Register Branch, 1991, p. 37. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 162

163 Historic view, Illinois Central RR Yard, Round House area, looking SW (left), undated (John Snapp collection) Historic views: Illinois Central RR Yard, looking SE from Cherokee County Courthouse (below, left), pre (John Snapp collection) Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 163

164 Q. Illinois Central RR Yard, Scale House, foundation (left) G. Illinois Central RR Yard, Sand House, foundation (left) I & H. Historic view, Illinois Central RR Yard, Engine House and Turntable (below, left); Turntable filled with brick from walls of demolished Engine House. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 164

165 V. BIBLIOGRAPHY 117 House Designs of the Twenties, Gordon-Van Tine Co. New York: Dover Publications, Inc. and Philadelphia: The Athenaeum of Philadelphia, (Reprint of Gordon-Van Tine Homes, originally published by the Gordon-Van Tine Co., Davenport, Iowa, 1923). Advertisement for Office of the Fountain House, N.T. Burroughs & Co., Props., Cherokee, Iowa. undated, (Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Public Library). Advertisement for R.A. Lewis, proprietor of the Green Hill Nursery and Apiary, The Cherokee Democrat, Ames, David L. and Linda Flint McClelland. National Register Bulletin: Historic Residential Suburbs, Guidelines for Evaluation and Documentation for the National Register of Historic Places. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, National Register of Historic Places, September 2002; House and Yard: The Design of the Suburban Home chapter available online at: accessed September 13, Andreas, A.T. Illustrated Historical Atlas of the State of Iowa, Illustrated Historical Atlas of the State of Iowa, Chicago, Andreas Atlas Co., Bethlehem Lutheran Church, Cherokee, Iowa, Dedicated. 8/ Biographical History of Cherokee County, Iowa. Chicago: W.S. Dunbar & Co. Publishers, Carlson, Delmar D. 100 Hundred Years in Christ, 1996 Centennial Directory, Bethlehem Lutheran Church, 1996, (Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Public Library). Carlson, Delmar D. History of Bethlehem Lutheran Church. undated ca. 1988, (Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Public Library). Cherokee Book of Homes for 1907 summary list compiled of building photographs and owners with locations added, list prepared post-1987, (Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Public Library). Cherokee Centennial Corp. Cherokee Centennial: Cherokee, Iowa: Cherokee Centennial Corp., Cherokee Chamber of Commerce Membership Directory, March 16, 1927, Cherokee, Iowa. Cherokee County, Iowa History. The Chronicle Times, available online at: / accessed 5/18/2016. Cherokee Mental Health Institute Centennial Committee. Cherokee Mental Health 100 Years of Serving Iowans: A Pictorial History. November Cherokee State Hospital. Asylum Projects; available online at /index.php?title=cherokee_state_hospital; accessed 9/2/2016. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 165

166 Cherokee s Grand Old Homes. (Brochure from home articles published in the Grand Old Homes Tour for Cherokee s Sesquicentennial Celebration) Cherokee Chronicle Times, Cherokee, Iowa Street Directory. ca , unpublished (Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Public Library). Cherokee s new $50,000 Methodist church was dedicated Sioux City Daily Tribune, 2/22/1915, (Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Public Library). City Directory of Cherokee, Iowa (Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Public Library). Clare Souvenir Book, Golden Jubilee Year Book, , The Immaculate Conception Parish of Cherokee, ca. 1936, (Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Public Library). Cline, Louis P., compiled & published by. Cherokee Illustrated. Cherokee, Iowa: The Democrat, undated. Drawing Gives Good Idea of Proposed New Garfield School. Unidentified Cherokee newspaper, (Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Public Library). Ducommun, Gilbert. Historical documents including published and un-published materials, newspaper articles, photographs, and correspondence related to Robert A. Lewis, Frederick and Minnie Fuhrman, and the Lewis House, 700 South 2 nd St., Cherokee, (Cherokee Area Archives). Eckhardt, Patricia. Lewis Hotel National Register of Historic Places Nomination. Prepared for Dennis Esch, Lewis Apartments Partnership, 6/12/1997. Ferrin, Bernice. Memorial Presbyterian Church. unpublished, ca. 1985, (Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Public Library) First Church Built in Cherokee in 1873; 1 st Mass at Quimby in The Globe, undated, (Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Public Library). Frisbie, Marjorie. The Fountain House. Cherokee Historical Society Newsletter, January 1975, (Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Public Library). Gerhard, David and Gerald Mansheim. Buildings of Iowa. New York: Oxford University Press, Goldie, W.P. Cherokee, Iowa. Privately published, Gottfried, Herbert and Jan Jennings. American Vernacular Design : An Illustrated Glossary. New York: Van Nostrand Company. Guernsey, Newell F., Planning Consultant. Comprehensive Planning Report for Cherokee, Iowa. City of Cherokee, Harkin, Don. Unpublished notes regarding Magnetic Springs Plat street controversy in 1905, notes made in 1970, (Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Public Library). Historic photographs of wide range of buildings and subject matter maintained by the Cherokee Area Archives. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 166

167 History of Schools in Cherokee, Iowa, Cherokee School District, 2016, (Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Public Library). History of Immaculate Conception Parish. Immaculate Conception Parish Cookbook, ca. 1970, (Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Public Library). Industrial and commercial vertical files for Cherokee industries and businesses including news clippings, photos, business histories, interviews, etc. Cherokee Area Archives Collection housed at the Cherokee Public Library. Caswell Manufacturing Co., 1902-ca Cherokee Brick and Tile Works, River Road, southwest, Cherokee Concrete Products Co., 740 E. Spruce St., ca Gano s Auto-Electric Service, 202 Pine St, ca Gran Portable Stretcher Company, mid-1950s Lundell Manufacturing Co., Highway 3, in Cherokee R.J. Thomas Manufacturing Co., 1959 Schissel Manufacturing Co., 1946 in Cherokee-ca Walnut Grove Products Company, ca Wilson Foods/Tyson Deli, Iowa Writer's Program of the Works Projects Administration for the State of Iowa. History of Cherokee County. Sponsored by County Superintendent of Schools, Cherokee County, Jacobsen, James, History Pays! Historic Preservation Consulting Firm. The Commercial Heritage of Cherokee, Cherokee County, Iowa Parts 1, 2, & 3, National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form (City of Cherokee and the Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission), 6/17-18/1998. Kirkbride Planned Institutions Asylum Projects; available online at: index.php?title=kirkbride_planned_institutions; accessed 9/2/2016. Lawrey, Jr., A., City Assessor. Cherokee Address Book. Unpublished, handwritten alphabetical list of Cherokee residents, ages, occupation, street address, and with children s names and ages, January 1, 1925, January 1, 1940 and January 1, (Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Public Library). List of articles and important dates related to the Magnetic Springs Mineral Springs and Fountain House excerpted from Cherokee Times, , (Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Public Library). McAlester, Virginia Savage. A Field Guide to American Houses. New York: Alfred A Knopf, McCulla, Thomas. History of Cherokee County, Iowa, Volumes 1 and 2. Chicago: S.J. Clarke Publishing Co., 1914; available online at: books.google.com; downloaded 3/5/2014. Memorial Presbyterian Church 100 th Anniversary, , Cherokee, Iowa. 1970, (Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Public Library). National Register Bulletin 16: Guidelines for Completing National Register of Historic Places Forms, Part A: How to Complete the National Register Registration Form. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Interagency Resources Division, National Register Branch, Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 167

168 Nauman, Molly and Brian Schultes. Preservation Planning Report for City of Cherokee, Obituaries, various Cherokee newspaper clippings, Cherokee Area Archives Obituary Collection. Parker, E. T. History of Immaculate Conception Church, Cherokee, Iowa: Cherokee, Iowa: Immaculate Conception Church, (Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Public Library). Parker, E.T. Record of Illinois Central Railroad Employees of 1924, April 1, (Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Public Library). Pederson, V.F., Colleen Onnen and Mildred Smith. Cherokee s Magnificent Magnetized Spa. The Iowan, Winter Issue, 1964, pp Polk s Medical Register and Directory of North America Chicago: R.L. Polk & Co., Presbyterians Plan An Educational Unit. Unidentified Cherokee newspaper, 5/19/1964. Progress 2008 Edition. Cherokee Chronicle Times, 1/27/2008 and 2/14, 17, & 29/2008. Property Cards, Cherokee County Assessor Office, Cherokee County, Iowa. Property Transfer Records, Cherokee County Auditor s Office, Cherokee County, Iowa. Remembering Yesterdays: A Pictorial History of Cherokee County, Iowa. Compiled by volunteers from Cherokee Area Archives, Rosheim, David L. The Four Sisters: Iowa's State Psychiatric Hospitals: a Narrative and Documentary History. Maquoketa, Iowa: The Andromeda Press, School Building in Cherokee. Unidentified Cherokee news clipping, ca. 1972, (Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Public Library). Schumacher, Jolene. Cherokee Historic Preservation Survey Committee Car Tour Minutes, 4/21/2016. Shank, Wesley I. Iowa s Historic Architects: A Biographical Dictionary. Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa Press, Shank, Wesley, Project Director. Studies of Historic Iowa Architecture, Parts 1 and 2: Cherokee Hospital for the Insane Main Building. Ames, Iowa: Engineering Research Institute, Iowa State University, July Smith, Henry Atterbury, Compiler. 500 Small Houses of the Twenties. New York: Doer Publications, Standard Atlas of Cherokee County, Iowa, North and South Parts of Cherokee City, George A. Ogle & Co., 1907; available online at: University of Iowa Libraries, Iowa Digital Library, cdm/compoundobject/collection/atlases/id/5430/rec/34; accessed 3/31/2016. Stevenson, Katherine Cole and H. Ward Jandl. Houses by Mail: A guide to Houses from Sears, Roebuck and Company. Washington, D.C.: The Preservation Press, Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 168

169 Stickley, Gustav, Editor. Craftsman Bungalows: 59 Homes from The Craftsman. New York: Dover Publications, St. Paul s United Methodist Church. December 1975, (Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Public Library) St. Paul s United Methodist Church, Our Heritage. St. Paul s United Methodist Church Records and History Committee, June 1987, (Cherokee Area Archives, Cherokee Public Library). State Historic Preservation Office, Iowa Site Inventory Files and Historic Data Base reports, Department of Cultural Affairs, Des Moines. Svendsen, Marlys. Historical and Architectural Reconnaissance Survey for 2013 Flood Projects DR in the City of Cherokee, Cherokee County HADB Des Moines, Iowa: Iowa Homeland Security and Emergency Management Department, March 10, 2014; Revised April 27, Svendsen, Marlys, Svendsen Tyler, Inc. Young s Hill/Kingston Neighborhood Historical and Architectural Survey Report. Cedar Rapids, Iowa: City of Cedar Rapids and Department of Community Development, Housing Services, Times Gone By. Cherokee Chronicle Times. September 23, 2011, photo from the Cherokee Archives collection; available online at: com/story/ html; accessed 10/5/2018. To Hold Open House at New Homes Here, The Cherokee Courier, February 18, Trinity Lutheran Church Dedication. Unidentified newspaper, 1/19/1964. (Celebrate completion of tower and gallery, Cherokee Area Archives). Webster says goodby [sic] to last class. Cherokee Daily Times, 6/6/1997. Whiffen, Marcus. American Architecture Since 1780: A Guide to the Styles. Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press, Whiting, Marguerite. Robert A. Lewis Started as Carpenter: Old Hotel Lewis Now Sheffield Was Built by Man of Courage and Vision. Cherokee Daily Times, 5/29/1969. Pattern Books Consulted: New Homes of Beauty and Character. Davenport, Iowa: The Packard Service Bureau, The Book of Economical Homes. St. Paul, Minnesota: Home Plan Book Co., The Book of Small Homes. St. Paul, Minnesota: Home Plan Book Co., ca Selected Small Houses. St. Paul, Minnesota: Brown-Blodgett Company, Petite Homes of Budget Appeal. National Plan Services, Inc., ca Small Homes Year Book. Washington, D.C.: National Homes Foundation, ca Small Practical Homes. Topeka, Kansas: Modern Homeways, Better Homes at Lower Cost, America s Best Planned Small Homes. Washington, D.C.: Standard Homes Co., Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 169

170 VI. APPENDICES Appendix A: Project Personnel and Support Staff Appendix B: Memorandum of Agreement Appendix C: Comparison of Cherokee Buildings Evaluated and Cherokee s Population Growth Appendix D: Master List All Properties Preliminarily Surveyed in City of Cherokee Appendix E: Iowa Site Inventory Forms Prepared for Reconnaissance Survey Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 170

171 Appendix A: Project Personnel and Support Staff Project Director & Principal Investigator: Survey Photographer: Marlys A. Svendsen Svendsen Tyler, Inc., Sarona, Wisconsin Historian, architectural historian and surveyor Bruce Meyer Productions, Sioux City, Iowa Cherokee City Council Mayor Mark Murphy Jim Agnitsch William Miller Wayne Pingel Chad Brown Emily Johnson Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission Jim Adamson, Chairperson (Survey Committee) Tim Greenwood (Survey Committee) Marlene Lundsgaard (completed December 2016) Barb Busch-Mott (Survey Committee) Mick Samsel Jolene Schumacher (Survey Committee) John Snapp (Survey Committee and Survey Photographer) Megan Stroh (appointed January 2017, Survey Committee) Dwight Varce Bev Zieman City and County Staff Sam Kooiker, Administrator, City of Cherokee Cherokee Area Archives, Co-Chairpersons Margaret Woltman and Joyce Pyle, Secretary Dolores Richardson, and Treasurer Marilyn Reitsma Cherokee Public Library Nate Cockburn, GIS Tech/Appraiser, Cherokee County Assessor s Office Kris Glienke, Auditor, Cherokee County and Auditor s Office Staff Mark Murphy, Recorder, Cherokee County and Recorder s Office Staff Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 171

172 Appendix B: Memorandum of Agreement MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT AMONG THE FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY, THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF IOWA, IOWA DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY & EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT, THE CITY OF CHEROKEE, AND THE CITY OF CHEROKEE HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION, REGARDING THE DEMOLITION OF HISTORIC PROPERTIES IN CHEROKEE, CHEROKEE COUNTY, IOWA WHEREAS, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security s Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) proposes to administer Federal disaster assistance through FEMA s Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP), pursuant to Section 404 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C. 5170c (Stafford Act) through the Iowa Department of Homeland Security & Emergency Management (HSEMD) to the City of Cherokee (the City), for the acquisition and demolition of residential properties (Undertaking) damaged as a result of flooding occurring May 19-June 14, 2013, that resulted in declared disaster DR-4126-IA; and WHEREAS, FEMA s HMGP provides up to 75% of the eligible activity costs, therefore, the acquisition and demolition project will be jointly funded, with 15% of the City s cost share provided by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development s (HUD) Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program administered through the Iowa Economic Development Authority (IEDA), and 10% of the City s cost share provided by the State of Iowa under the authority of the State Executive Council, eligible under Chapter 29C.20, Contingent Fund-Disaster Aid, of the Iowa Code; and WHEREAS, the City, as the recipient of HUD assistance and the Responsible Entity (RE) has assumed HUD s environmental responsibilities pursuant to 24 CFR Part 58, and FEMA has been designated lead Federal agency for compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA); and WHEREAS, in accordance with the Sandy Recovery Improvement Act and Section 429 of the Stafford Act, the City, acting as the HUD RE, will assume FEMA s consultation process and documents as documentation of compliance with Section 106 of the NHPA as outlined in the Unified Federal Review process, and the HUD RE will have no further Section 106 responsibilities for this Undertaking; and WHEREAS, FEMA, in consultation with the State Historical Society of Iowa s State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) has determined the Area of Potential Effects (APE) is a multi-block area that encompasses sixty-eight (68) properties damaged by flooding in 2013 initially identified as potential acquisition projects, located along and east of the former Illinois Central Gulf Railroad, now the Canadian National Railway and the parallel and intersecting streets on the east and west sides of Railroad Creek in the City of Cherokee; and WHEREAS, the demolition of structures will be carried out following low impact protocols limiting disturbance to the footprint of the existing structures and emphasizing that the contractors make reasonable efforts to avoid or minimize harm to any potential archaeological deposits, therefore, the APE regarding Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 172

173 archaeological resources is limited to the ground disturbing activities associated with demolition and disconnection of utilities within the immediate vicinity of the proposed demolitions; and WHEREAS, in advance of knowing which properties would be included in the Undertaking, FEMA, SHPO, and HSEMD agreed to follow the level of effort and methodology for this Undertaking outlined in Reconnaissance Survey Procedures, implemented in 2008, to facilitate the identification and evaluation of historic properties regarding FEMA s HMGP-funded property acquisition projects; and WHEREAS, to determine if any of the properties meet the criteria for listing in National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), in March of 2014, an HSEMD surveyor completed Historical and Architectural Reconnaissance Survey for 2013 Flood Projects DR-4126 in the City of Cherokee, Cherokee County, IA (reconnaissance survey); and WHEREAS, based on the surveyor s opinions of NRHP eligibility presented in the reconnaissance survey; and in accordance with 36 CFR 800.4, Identification of Historic Properties; FEMA determined that sixtyfour (64) of the properties surveyed do not meet the criteria for individual listing in the NRHP, and four (4) of the properties surveyed are potentially individual eligible for listing in the NRHP under Criteria A, B, and C, and no potentially NRHP eligible historic districts were identified in the APE; and WHEREAS, an archaeological site background check and evaluation component to the reconnaissance survey was conducted by a FEMA archaeologist in accordance with Demolitions Under Health & Safety and Hazard Mitigation Grants Programs Archaeological Evaluation Administrative Agreement Protocol and Procedures for activities associated with the demolition of structures agreed upon by FEMA, SHPO, Office of the State Archaeologist of Iowa (OSA), and HSEMD in February 2009; and WHEREAS, archaeological potential for the 68 addresses surveyed was conducted primarily with reference to the I-Sites online GIS and database program for archaeology maintained by the OSA, and this review indicated that no previously recorded archaeological sites are located on or within the immediate vicinity of any of the proposed demolitions, and FEMA determined it would require no additional archeological survey work in advance of the Undertaking; however, the sub-applicant would be informed of the archeological potential of the area and be required to stop work and contact FEMA upon any postreview discoveries; and WHEREAS, via electronic communication dated March 27, 2014, the SHPO concurred with FEMA s determination that 64 of the properties surveyed are not eligible for listing in the NRHP and that 4 of the properties surveyed are potentially eligible individually for listing in the NRHP, and further agreed that based on the provided archaeological site background check, that an archaeological survey would not need to be conducted in advance of the demolitions; and WHEREAS, the reconnaissance survey was submitted to the City of Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission (HPC) in June of 2014, and in a communication dated August 7, 2014, the HPC indicated they agreed with the surveyor s NRHP eligibility recommendations for the properties surveyed; and WHEREAS, in June of 2014, FEMA in coordination with HSEMD, submitted consultation to the SHPO regarding City of Cherokee Property List DR-4126 HMGP 404 Projects, and the twenty-seven (27) properties identified as participants in the acquisition and demolition project had been included in the reconnaissance survey, and two (2) of the NRHP eligible properties identified in the reconnaissance survey Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 173

174 are among the 27 on the list and included in the City of Cherokee Railroad Creek Acquisition Project 2014; 115 E. Locust Street and 107 Union Street; and WHEREAS, FEMA, in consultation with the SHPO, has determined the Lebourveau House located at 115 E. Locust Street is individually eligible for listing in the NRHP under Criteria A, B, and C, and the Whipple House at 107 Union Street has been determined individually eligible for listing in the NRHP under Criterion C; and WHEREAS, FEMA has carried out an archaeological site background check and evaluation and determined in consultation with the SHPO that no further archaeological investigations or professional archaeological monitoring is necessary at the properties because demolitions will be performed in adherence to low impact demolition procedures outlined in Archaeological Evaluation Administrative Agreement Protocol and Procedures, developed between FEMA, SHPO, the OSA, and IHSEMD; and WHEREAS, FEMA has determined that the Undertaking will have an Adverse Effect on historic properties, and the Undertaking would be reviewed in accordance with 36 CFR resulting in a MOA, and on June 20, 2014, the SHPO concurred; and WHEREAS, FEMA has ensured that Iowa Site Inventory Forms have been completed for all properties eligible for listing in the NRHP that will be affected by this Undertaking, and provided that documentation to the SHPO for inclusion in their inventory in compliance with Section 110(b) of the NHPA; and WHEREAS, FEMA, in consultation with SHPO identified potential consulting parties in addition to representatives from HSEMD and the City, including the HPC, Cherokee Cultural and Entertainment District, Depot Renovation Inc., Northwest Area Railroad Museum, Cherokee Area Archives, Sanford Museum and Planetarium, Preservation Iowa, and the National Trust for Historic Preservation, and engaged with these groups in an effort to resolve anticipated adverse effects of the Undertaking through the MOA negotiation process; and WHEREAS, in an effort to provide an opportunity for potential consulting parties and members of the public to express their views on the Undertaking and its effects on historic properties, and provide any comments and suggestions including ways to avoid, minimize, or mitigate the adverse effects, potential consulting parties and members of the public were invited to attend an HPC meeting during which FEMA and HSEMD would discuss the acquisition and demolition project and its effects on historic properties; and WHEREAS, FEMA notified potential consulting parties of the anticipated adverse effects, invited their participation in consultation, and informed them of the scheduled HPC meeting in a letter dated June 16, 2015, and notified the public via a notice published in the Cherokee Chronicle Times on June 19, 2015, and the notice provided options for members of the public to provide comments in addition to the public venue; and WHEREAS, the meeting took place on Tuesday, July 7, 2015 at 5:15pm in the south room on the ground floor of the Cherokee Depot, located at 119 South Fourth Street, Cherokee, Iowa, and in addition to the HPC, and representatives of the City Administrator s office, HSEMD, FEMA, a representative of the Cherokee Chronicle Times, a few members of the public were in attendance at the meeting; and WHEREAS, on July of 2015, the HPC informed FEMA and HSEMD via electronic communication that during their meeting on July 14, the HPC voted unanimously to recommend a Reconnaissance Level Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 174

175 Historic and Architectural Survey of Cherokee with emphasis on Cherokee s residential neighborhoods, and a six-month subscription to a cell phone tourism project that includes audio, video, text, images, and linking capabilities, the HPC is developing to publicize historic preservation in Cherokee and to attract visitors to their town and businesses, as appropriate mitigation treatment measures for inclusion in the MOA; and WHEREAS, no comments were received from other potential consulting parties or members of the public; and WHEREAS, during a meeting October 1, 2015, FEMA and SHPO considered the mitigation treatment measures recommended by the HPC, and agreed to proceed with the development of a MOA that would stipulate the implementation of the two mitigation treatment measures in order to mitigate the effects of the Undertaking on historic properties; and WHEREAS, FEMA notified the ACHP on December 31, 2015, via its Electronic Section 106 Documentation Submittal System regarding its intent to prepare a MOA to satisfy its Section 106 responsibilities pursuant to 36 CFR Part (a)(1), and in a letter dated January 8, 2016, the ACHP has declined to participate, pursuant to 36CFR 800.6(a)(1)(iii); and WHEREAS, FEMA has invited HSEMD as the Grantee, the City as the Sub-grantee, and the HPC to become signatories to this MOA; and WHEREAS, FEMA in consultation with the SHPO has invited Preservation Iowa to concur in this MOA, as provided by 36 CFR 800.6(c)(3); and WHEREAS, all references to time periods in this MOA are in calendar days and notices and other written communications to FEMA may be submitted by ; and NOW, THEREFORE, FEMA, SHPO, HSEMD, the City, and the HPC agree that the Undertaking shall be implemented in accordance with the following stipulations in order to mitigate the effect of the Undertaking on historic properties. STIPULATIONS To the extent of its legal authority and in coordination with the SHPO, IHSEMD, and the City, FEMA will require that the following measures are implemented: I. Mitigation Measures A. FEMA shall reimburse the City through IHSEMD, the Federal share (75%) as a component of the City of Cherokee Railroad Creek Acquisition Project 2014, for the preparation of a reconnaissance level historic and architectural survey for Cherokee (that systematically identifies potential NRHP-eligible individual properties and historic districts) with emphasis on Cherokee s residential neighborhoods (survey). The survey shall include preliminary evaluations based on NRHP Criteria for historically and/or architecturally significant residential and non-residential resources including civic, commercial, industrial resources and transportation features (i.e. bridges). For residential neighborhoods, historic and architectural contexts would be developed for themes explaining the historical/architectural importance of particular areas or historic periods of time related to Cherokee s history and significant individuals. Boundaries for potential NRHP-eligible historic districts would be mapped and lists of Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 175

176 potentially individually NRHP-eligible properties would be provided. Neighborhoods would include the following and others: a. Residential Bailey Court area b. Residential area near Mental Health Institute c. Residential area(s) near Downtown HD including West Main Streets d. Residential area along Euclid St. north from Union to Sumner Streets e. Residential area along Cedar and Cherry Streets between Second and Eighth Streets Residential area along Elm, Locust, and Beech Streets from Fifth St. west to Seventh Street f. Residential area along Elm and Locust Streets from Fourth Street east to Second Street g. Ash St. neighborhood h. Neighborhoods and individual properties within boundaries of currently designated Federal /local floodplains The following steps required to complete the survey must be completed within eighteen (18) months from the date of MOA execution. 1. The City shall award the contract for the survey to the consultant of the City s choice, provided that the consultant is qualified under the Secretary of the Interior s Professional Qualifications Standards for Historian and/or Architectural Historian as determined by FEMA (36 CFR (a)(1)). 2. Once the City has selected the consultant for the survey, the City shall coordinate a meeting among the consultant, City, HPC, FEMA, HSEMD and the SHPO to discuss the requirements of the MOA specific to the successful and timely completion of the survey. 3. The survey report shall include a credit line as follows: This project was produced under the terms of a Memorandum of Agreement, pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, among the U.S. Department of Homeland Security s Federal Emergency Management Agency, the State Historical Society of Iowa, Iowa Department of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, the City of Cherokee, the City of Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission, and Preservation Iowa regarding the acquisition and demolition of historic properties in Cherokee, for which FEMA administered Federal disaster assistance as a result of flooding in the summer of The City shall ensure that the consultant submits a draft survey report to FEMA and the SHPO for review and comment. Draft submittals to SHPO must reference City of Cherokee Railroad Creek Acquisition Project 2014, DR , and SHPO R&C # The draft survey report shall be submitted to the SHPO with three (3) hard-copy single-sided documents, or submitted in accordance with administrative procedures established by the SHPO then in effect. The City or City s consultant shall submit electronic carbon-copies to FEMA concurrent with any submittals to SHPO. The consultant will afford FEMA and SHPO thirty (30) days to comment on the submitted draft. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 176

177 5. The City s consultant shall make any revisions recommended by FEMA and SHPO and resubmit the completed survey report to FEMA and SHPO within forty-five (45) days from receipt of comments. Final submittals to SHPO must be hard-copy, single-sided on acid-free paper, or submitted in accordance with administrative procedures established by the SHPO then in effect. The City or the City s consultant shall submit electronic carbon copies to FEMA concurrent with any submittals to SHPO. B. FEMA shall reimburse the City through IHSEMD, the Federal share (75%) as a component of the City of Cherokee Railroad Creek Acquisition Project 2014, for a six-month subscription (not to exceed the estimated cost $1,074.60) for a cell phone platform tourism project that includes audio, video, text, images, and linking capabilities, with content previously developed. The content could be accessed via feature phone, smart phone, computer, laptop, or tablet. The following steps required to complete the cell phone platform tourism project must be completed within twelve (12) months from the date of MOA execution. 1. The City shall award the contract to the provider of their choice. 2. The cell phone platform tourism project shall include a credit line as follows: This project was supported under the terms of a Memorandum of Agreement, pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, among the U.S. Department of Homeland Security s Federal Emergency Management Agency, the State Historical Society of Iowa, Iowa Department of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, the City of Cherokee, the City of Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission, and Preservation Iowa regarding the acquisition and demolition of historic properties in Cherokee, for which FEMA administered Federal disaster assistance as a result of flooding in the summer of The City shall submit a link to the website for the cell phone platform tourism project to FEMA and the SHPO. C. HSEMD and the City shall notify FEMA of any change to the property list in the event cost underruns result in HMGP funds becoming available for the acquisition of additional properties, or should CDBG funds be proposed as matching funds for the acquisition of any Low-Mod Income Housing Units subject to one-for-one replacement of housing requirements under Section 104(d) of the Housing and Community Development Act, which may result in properties proposed to be relocated, constructed, or renovated to comply with the one-for-one unit replacement requirement, to ensure the effects of the Undertaking are considered in compliance with Section 106 of the NHPA. II. Post Review Discoveries A. The City shall ensure that their demolition contractor shall immediately cease demolition activities in the vicinity of the discovery should previously unidentified archaeological sites or unanticipated effects be discovered during implementation of the project. Personnel should take all reasonable measures to avoid or minimize harm to the archaeological find(s) and/or avoid or minimize further unanticipated effects. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 177

178 B. The person or persons encountering such properties or effects shall immediately notify FEMA by contacting Kenneth Sessa, FEMA Region VII Environmental Officer at , and the SHPO at Construction in the area of such sites or effects shall not resume until FEMA determines that the requirements of 36 CFR (b)(3) have been met. III. Anticipatory Actions A. FEMA shall not grant assistance to the City should it, or those acting on its behalf, engage in anticipatory actions with the intent to avoid the requirements of this MOA or any requirements of the NHPA, significantly adversely affecting a historic property to which the assistance would relate or, having legal power to prevent it, allow such significant adverse effect to occur. B. After consultation with the SHPO and the ACHP, however, FEMA may determine that circumstances justify granting such assistance despite the adverse effect created or permitted by the City and shall complete consultation for the Undertaking. IV. Duration of Agreement A. This agreement will be null and void, unless amended per section VI of this agreement, if its terms are not carried out within eighteen (18) months from the date of execution. B. If any signatory to this MOA determines that its terms will not or cannot be carried out or that an amendment to its terms must be made, that party shall immediately consult with the other parties to develop an amendment to this MOA pursuant to 36 CFR 800.6(c)(7) and 800.6(c)(8). V. Dispute Resolution A. If any objection or dispute should arise within the time frame provided by this MOA to any plans, specifications, or actions provided for review pursuant to this MOA, FEMA will consult further with the objecting party to seek resolution. B. If FEMA determines that the dispute cannot be resolved, FEMA shall forward all documentation relevant to the dispute to the ACHP in accordance with 36 CFR (e), including FEMA s proposed resolution of the dispute. Within thirty (30) calendar days after receipt of all pertinent documentation, the ACHP will either: i. Advise FEMA that it concurs with FEMA s resolution to the dispute; or ii. Provide FEMA with recommendations, which FEMA will take into consideration in reaching a final decision regarding the dispute; or iii. Notify FEMA that it will comment pursuant to 36 CFR 800.7(c), and proceed to comment. Any comment provided will be taken into consideration by FEMA in accordance with 36 CFR 800.7(c)(4) with reference to the subject of the dispute. Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 178

179 C. Any recommendation or comment provided by the ACHP will be understood to pertain only to the subject of the dispute, and FEMA s responsibility to fulfill all actions that are not subject of the dispute will remain unchanged. D. Failure to fulfill the terms of this MOA requires that FEMA again request ACHP s comments in accordance with 36 CFR E. If FEMA cannot fulfill the terms of this MOA, it shall not take or sanction any action or make any irreversible commitment that would result in an adverse effect with respect to NRHP-eligible or listed historic properties covered by this MOA or that would foreclose ACHP s consideration of modifications or alternatives to the Undertaking that could avoid or mitigate the adverse effect until the comment process has been completed. VI. Amendments Any signatory to this MOA may propose to FEMA that the MOA be amended, whereupon FEMA will consult with all signatories to the MOA to consider such an amendment. 36 CFR 800.6(c)(1) shall govern the execution of any such amendment. The signatures of all the signatories shall be required for any amendment hereto to be effective. VII. Termination and Noncompliance A. If any signatory or invited signatory to this MOA determines that its terms will not or cannot be carried out, that party shall immediately consult with the other parties to attempt to develop an amendment per Stipulation VI, above. B. If within thirty (30) days an amendment cannot be reached, any signatory may terminate the MOA upon written notification to the other signatories. Once the MOA is terminated, and prior to work continuing on the Undertaking, FEMA must either (a) seek to resolve the adverse effects pursuant to 36 CFR 800.6(b) or (b) request, take into account, and respond to the comments of the ACHP under 36 CFR FEMA shall notify the signatories as to the course of action it will pursue. VIII. Execution of the Memorandum of Agreement Execution of this MOA by FEMA and implementation of its terms are evidence that FEMA has taken into account the effects of the Undertaking on historic properties, and that FEMA has satisfied its responsibilities under Sections 106 and 110 of the NHPA and the Section 106 implementing regulations. SIGNATORIES FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY Kenneth G. Sessa Regional Environmental Officer FEMA Region VII Michael R. Scott Mitigation Division Director FEMA Region VII Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 179

180 STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF IOWA Steven T. King Deputy State Historic Preservation Office INVITED SIGNATORIES IOWA DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY & EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT Dennis Harper State Hazard Mitigation Officer CITY OF CHEROKEE The Honorable Mark Murphy Mayor of Cherokee CITY OF CHEROKEE HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION Jim Adamson Chairman CONCURRING PARTY PRESERVATION IOWA Caleb Giesel Board Member Representative Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 180

181 Appendix C: Comparison of Cherokee Buildings Evaluated and Population Growth (Data from Cherokee Reconnaissance Historic and Architectural Survey research and Federal Census Records, 1860 to 2015) Reconnaissance Survey Building Stock Construction Period Number of Bldgs. Percentage of Total Pre % % % % % % % % % % % % Total % Cherokee Population Year Population Percent +/ , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % 2015 est. 5, % ,523 3,441 3,865 Cherokee Population ,884 6,443 5,824 7,469 7,705 7,724 7,272 7,004 6,026 5,369 5, Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 181

182 Appendix D: Master List All Properties Preliminarily Surveyed in the City of Cherokee Preliminary List of Historic Districts, Groups, and Landmarks April 2017 TABLE GROUPED BY: I. POTENTIAL INDIVIDUALLY ELIGIBLE RESOURCES and II. POTENTIAL HISTORIC GROUPS/HISTORIC DISTRICTS No Color I. POTENTIAL INDIVIDUALLY ELIGIBLE RESOURCES Sequential numbered streets & alphabetical streets/avenues II. POTENTIAL HISTORIC GROUPS/HISTORIC DISTRICTS W Main St Historic District (W Main from 7 th to 11 th, W Willow from 8 th to 11th, sections of 7 th through 11 th, N & S) Immaculate Conception Church Historic District (W Cedar St from 7th to 9 th ) Mental Health Institute /W Cedar St Historic District (W Cedar St 1100 Block and MHI Campus) W Cherry St Historic House Group/Historic District 600 to 900 blocks N 11th St Historic Group/Historic District (300 block of N 11 th St between W Cedar St and W Cherry St) Euclid Ave. Historic District (Euclid Ave from Fountain St. to E. Bluff St.) Bailey Court Historic District (Bailey Court Addition from E Fountain to E Sumner, incl. Bailey Court and N Roosevelt) Ash St Historic House Group/Historic District ( blocks between N Roosevelt and Park Ave) Railroad Creek Bridge Group/Historic District (E Maple north to Bluff St) Note: Building construction dates are derived from various sources including Cherokee County Assessor records, historic publications, architectural styles, Property Transfer Records, city directories, etc. Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Style/ Form Meyer Photo I. Potential ly Eligible Resources Cedar St, E Craftsman/Bungalow Snapp Photo / 1½-story Cedar St, E American Four- Square Cedar St, E American Four- Square Cedar St, W Modern Broad-Front (Stepped Parapet) Cedar St, W Kenyon, George, Queen Anne X House Cedar St, W Garfield School & Gymnasium PWA Moderne X HD-Non- Con Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 182

183 Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Style/ Form Meyer Photo Snapp Photo / Cedar St, W Hall, W.J., House Colonial Revival, X /Dwight & Bonnie Hipped Roof, 2-story Varce Cedar St, W Bungalow X Not Eligible Cedar St, W Gambrel Cottage X Not Eligible Cedar St, W Hipped Roof, 2-story X Cedar St, W Jackson, Elsa and Craftsman, 2-story, X Elta, House Hip Roof Cedar St, W Craftsman, Front- X Gable Roof, 2-story Cedar St, W Craftsman, Hipped X Roof, 1-story Cherry St, W Molyneux, A.R., Queen Anne, 2-story X House (attorney) Cherry St, W Paterson, W.D., House (agent, IC RR) Cherry St, W France, Ray, House Cherry St, W Craftsman Bungalow, Clark St moved Euclid Ave American Four- Fountain St Ross, A.B., House Vernacular, Hipped Queen Anne, 2-story X Not Eligible? Colonial Revival, X Side-Gable, 2-story X Side-Gable, 1½-story Quonset Hut, 480 sq. X ft. Square X Not Eligible Roof, 1-story Locust St, W Craftsman/Bungalow X Locust St, W 608 ca.1910 Bungalow X Not Eligible Magnetic Ave Seaman, Dr. R.C. & Lena, House Craftsman/Bungalow Side-Gable, 2-story X X Magnetic Ave 402 ca.1900 Cherokee Cancer Infirmary/ Sanitarium Vernacular, Gable- Front and Wing, 2- story X Magnetic Craftsman/Am. Four- X Ave Square Main St, E Craftsman/Bungalow Side-Gable, 1½-story Main St, W , 1964 St. Paul s Methodist Episcopal Church Classical Revival X Oak Knoll Dr Redman, Guy, House Tudor Revival Period Cottage X Park Ave 513 and PIN # Ogilvy House and Barn Am. Four-Square House; Barn, Feed & Livestock, Gambrel Roof form, 28' X 44' X HD-Non- Con Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 183

184 Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Style/ Form Meyer Photo Snapp Photo / Roosevelt Craftsman/Bungalow Ave, N Roosevelt American Four- Ave, N Square Roosevelt / Trinity Lutheran Corner Steeple X Ave, N 1964 Church (Missouri Synod) Roosevelt Ave, N Roosevelt Ave, N Roosevelt Ave, N Sequoia Dr (formerly 700 S 2 nd St, S/US Highway 59) Sherman Ave Sherman Ave Sherman Ave Sherman Ave Sherman Ave Sherman Ave Sherman Ave Sherman, Ave Sherman, Ave 308 ca.1910 Allison, Colburn, House (merchant) /Allison, Clarence D. & Eva Belle [Steele] /Allison, Clarence V. & Louise [Eley] Classical Revival, Hipped Roof, 2-story Webster School School House, Flat- Roofed, 1-story X 401 ca.1903 Wall, George E. & Queen Anne, Hipped X Lavina [Bryan], Roof with Cross House (retired Gables, 1½-story; farmer, Diamond Gambrel Roof Barn Township) Lewis, Robert A. & Mary, House; Fuhrman, Fred & Wilhelmina (1902- ca. 1945) 408 ca.1900 Allen, Keep Vernacular, Front- X Gable Roof, 1½-story Craftsman/Bungalow X, Side-Gable, 1½story X-in St. View Mathews, J.J., X House Vernacular, Hipped X Roof, 1-story Queen Anne, Clipped X Gable & Turret, 2- story Thomas, R.J., Sr. Ranch/Rambler & Ruby, House 618/ (Boothby, Thomas, Jr., House; Thomas, R.J., House Poulson, Lyle House X Not Eligible Gothic Revival X Not Eligible Not Eligible Not Eligible?? Not Eligible Not Eligible Ranch/Rambler X Not Eligible Ranch/Rambler X? HD-Non- Con Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 184

185 Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Style/ Form Meyer Photo Snapp Photo / Sherman, Boothby, Ranch/Rambler X? Ave Thomas, Sr. Spruce St, E 745 ca.1920 Barn, Feed & X Livestock; Clerestory/Monitor form, 60' X 60 Union St 110 ca.1870 G.A.R. Hall Center Steeple Gable-End church Union St Lohnes, Anna & Craftsman, American Herbert, House Four-Square West View Ranch/Rambler Dr Willow St, E Wilson High Neo-Classical Revival X School Willow St, E Corbett-Ball Queen Anne House (pioneer real estate & banking) Willow St, W 609 ca.1900 Goldie, W.P., & Queen Anne/Colonial Llyllen, House Revival Not Eligible II. Historic Groups and Potential Historic Districts West Main Street Historic District 7 th St, S Vernacular, Gable Front & Wing, 1½story 7 th St, S 107 ca. Vernacular, Side 1900 Gable, 2-story 7 th St, S Vernacular, Front- Gable, 1-story 8 th St, N Hall, Karl W. & Colonial Revival, Carol [Conklin], Gambrel Roof, 2- House (Hall story Implement Co.) 8 th St, S Vernacular, Front- Gable, 1-story 9 th St, N Craftsman, Front- Gable, 2-story 9 th St, S Ranch/Rambler 9 th St, S Craftsman, Front- Gable, 2-story 9 th St, S Minimal Traditional, 1½-story 9 th St, S Minimal Traditional, 1½-story 10 th St., N Colonial Rev., Sidegable, X 2-story 10 th St., S Craftsman, Am. Four- X- in St. Square View 10 th St., S Ranch/Rambler; Minimal Traditional X HD-Non- Con Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 185

186 Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Style/ Form 10 th St., S Craftsman, Am. Four- Square 10 th St., S Minimal Traditional, 1½-story 10 th St., S American Four- Square 11 th St, N Gillette, Guy M. Queen Anne, Hipped & Rose Roof with Lower [Freeman] Cross-Gable, 2-story Gillette, House (attorney, farmer. U.S. Congressman & U.S. Senator) 11 th St, N Charlton, Edward R. & Sadie, House (county recorder, coal merchant, retired) Vernacular/Queen Anne, 1½-story 11 th St, N Vernacular, Mansard Roof, 2-story 11 th St, N 203 ca.1900 McNeal, Mary, Vernacular, Front- House/ Gable, 2-story Bethlehem Lutheran Church Parsonage, pre th St, N Craftsman, Front- Gable, 2-story 11 th St, N Craftsman, Am. Four- Square 11 th St, S Medical and Surgical Hospital /Dr. Hornibrook Surgical Hospital Main St, W Binkley, H.E., House Main St, W Blair, C. A, House (druggist) Vernacular, Hipped- Roof, 2-story Meyer Photo X- in St. View Snapp Photo / X- in St. View X X X X X X X X Queen Anne; T.J. X Dickey, architect Queen Anne X Main St, W Minimal Traditional, 1-story Main St, W Vernacular, Hipped- Roof, 2-story Main St, W 616 ca.1900 Vernacular, Hipped- Roof, 1-story Main St, W Vernacular, Hipped- Roof, 2-story Main St, W Am. Four-Square HD-Non- Con Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 186

187 Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Style/ Form Meyer Photo Main St, W Craftsman/Minimal Traditional, Clipped Side-Gable, 1-story Main St, W Craftsman, Side- Gable, 2-story, Duplex Main St, W 625½ 1939 Craftsman/Minimal Traditional, Side- Gable, 1-story Main St, W 627 ca.1900 Vernacular, Hipped- Roof, 1-story Main St, W 627½ 1933 Vernacular, Side- Gable, 1-story Main St, W Vernacular, Front- Gable, 1-story Main St, W 629½ 1947 Vernacular, Side- Gable, 1-story Main St, W Vernacular, Hipped- Roof, 1-story Main St, W Vernacular, Side- Gable Roofed, 2- story Main St, W American Four- X-Street Square View Main St, W Craftsman, Front- X-Street Gabled, 1½-story View Main St, W Bungalow X-Street View Main St, W Vernacular, Side- X-Street Gable/Center-Gable, View 2-story Main St, W Vernacular, Side- X Gable, 2-story Main St, W Vernacular, Gable- X Front & Wing, 2-story Main St, W Vernacular, Mansard X Roof, 2-story Main St, W Vernacular, Gable- X Front & Wing, 2-story Main St, W Molyneux, A. R. & Emma, House (lawyer) Craftsman/Am. Four- Square; Gracey Brothers - builder X Snapp Photo / Main St, W Ranch/Rambler X Main St, W Lueder, C.F., Am. Four-Square X House Main St, W Vernacular, Clipped X Cross-Gabled, 2-story Main St, W Queen Anne/ Classical Revival, Cross-Gabled, 2-story X HD-Non- Con Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 187

188 Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Style/ Form Main St, W 745 ca.1895 Leeds Family Vernacular, Hipped House Roof, 2-story Main St, W Herrick, Ernest C. Queen Anne: Free and Marion Classic, Hipped Roof (Hall)/Steele with Lower Cross House; Gables & Turret; Elmdene carriage house Main St, W Gracey, Robert & Craftsman/Side- Alida, House Gabled, 2-Story; (Gracey Brothers, Gracey Brothers - contractors) builder Main St, W Appleyard, W.L. Craftsman/Side- E. & Ethel, House Gabled/Center- (furniture Gable, 2-Story store/undertaker ); Brown, Leonard & Leola, House (Brown Oil & Supply, ) Main St, W Hall, J.C. (James Queen Clifton) and Lucy, Anne/Classical House (pres., Revival Cherokee State Bank) Main St, W Weart, James & Craftsman/ Mabel, House Bungalow, 1-story (second); (W.M. Lysaght Lumber and Grain Co./ Rock Island Lumber Co.; bank board) Main St, W Simmons, Henry Vernacular, Hipped- & Eunice, House Roof, 1-story Main St, W Vernacular, Front- Gable, 1-story Main St, W 912 ca.1901 Neil, John R., Queen Anne, 1-story House (hardware clerk) Main St, W Fassler, Edgar & Mission Style Margaret (Olsen), Cottage, 1-story Rental House (farmers) Main St, W Herrick, W.K., No style House Main St, W 918 ca.1900 Gracey, James, House (Gracey Brothers, contractors) Vernacular, Hipped- Roof with Cross Gable, 2-story Meyer Photo X X X X X & Street View X & Street View X Street view X & Street View Snapp Photo / HD-Non- Con Non-Con Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 188

189 Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Style/ Form Meyer Photo Snapp Photo / Main St, W 1002 ca.1900 Vernacular, Gable- Front & Wing, 2-story Main St, W Ranch/Rambler Main St, W Vernacular, Front- Gable, 2-story Main St, W Bungalow X Main St, W Gracey, Robert, Vernacular, Hipped- House (first) Roof with Cross Gable, 2-story Main St, W Craftsman, Front- X Gable, 2-story Main St, W 1110 ca.1919 Cantine, E. Holmes & Winifred, House (farmer-breeder; associate of Wallace s Farmer Magazine) Main St, W Adamson, Whitfield & Lola, House Prairie-School/Am. Four-Square; attrib. arch., Howard Burr- Waterloo or Everett Dodds, Omahapossibilities X Contemporary X Willow St, W Am. Four-Square Willow St, W Minimal Traditional, Side-Gable, 1½-story Willow St, W Vernacular, Front- Gable, 2-story Willow St, W Ranch/Rambler Willow St, W 812 ca.1900 Vernacular, Gable- Front and Wing, 2- story Willow St, W Am. Four-Square Willow St, W Ranch/Rambler Willow St, W 900 ca.1900 Queen Anne, Hipped Roof with Lower Gables, 2-story Willow St, W Ranch/Rambler Willow St, W Craftsman/Bungalow Side-Gable, 2-story Willow St, W 908 ca.1900 Vernacular, Gable- Front and Wing, 2- story Willow St, W Am. Four-Square Willow St, W Am. Four-Square Willow St, W Craftsman, Front- Gable, 2-story Willow St, W 918 ca.1900 Vernacular, Hipped- Roof, 1-story Willow St, W Craftsman, Front- Gable, 2-story HD-Non- Con Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 189

190 Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Style/ Form Meyer Photo Snapp Photo / HD-Non- Con Willow St, W 926 ca.1919 Will, T.G. & Emma, House/ Prairie School, Am. Four-Square X Wiemers, Dr. Eugene & Dr. Irene Hollingsworth, House (Cherokee MHI, psychiatrist & psychologist) Willow St, W Cape Cod, 1½-story X Willow St, W Ranch/Rambler HD-Non- Con Willow St, W Lawler-Hayden House (Lawler, Dr. Jeremiah & Mary Margaret; Dr. M.D. & Frances Hayden) Willow St, W Wise, Dr. James W. & Inez, House Contemporary, 1- story X Ranch/Rambler X West Main Street Historic District - Possible Extension Area Addresses 7 th St, S Vernacular, Front- Gable, 1-story 7 th St, S Ranch/Rambler 7 th St, S Side-Gabled Roof, 1½-story 7 th St, S Bungalow, Side- Gabled Roof, 1½story 7 th St, S Minimal Traditional 8 th St, S Vernacular: 1-story Gable-Front and Wing Non-Con 8 th St, S Vernacular, Hipped Roof, 1-Story 8 th St, S Vernacular, Hipped Roof, 1-Story 8 th St, S Vernacular, Hipped Non-Con Roof, 1-Story 8 th St, S Vernacular, 2-story Gable-Front and Wing Non-Con 8 th St, S Vernacular, 1½-story Side-Gabled 8 th St, S Ranch/Rambler Non-Con 8 th St, S Vernacular, Hipped Roof, 1½-Story 8 th St, S Bungalow, Front- Gable, 1-story Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 190

191 Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Style/ Form Meyer Photo Snapp Photo / HD-Non- Con 8 th St, S Vernacular, Hipped Roof, 1-Story 8 th St, S Vernacular, 1½-story Gable-Front and Wing 8 th St, S Vernacular, Hipped Roof, 1½-Story 9 th St, S Ranch/Rambler 9 th St, S Vernacular Front Gable, 2-story 9 th St, S Vernacular Front Gable, 1-story 9 th St, S Vernacular Front Gable, 1-story 9 th St, S Vernacular Hipped Roof, 1-story 9 th St, S Vernacular Side- Non-Con Gable, 2-story 9 th St, S Vernacular Hipped Roof, 1-story 9 th St, S Vernacular Front Gable, 1-story 9 th St, S Minimal Traditional/Tudor Rev.; 1½-story 9 th St, S Vernacular, Front Gable, 2-story 9 th St, S Vernacular, Side Gable, 1½-story Elm St, W Ranch/Rambler Elm St, W Vernacular, 2-story Gable-Front and Wing Elm St, W Ranch/Rambler Non-Con Immaculate Conception Church and West Cedar Street Historic District Cedar St, W 709- Bldg. 01 X Cedar St, W 709- Bldg Immaculate Conception Catholic Church Rectory (second) Immaculate Conception Catholic Church Minimal Traditional/Cross- Gable Roof, 1½ -story Gothic Revival/ Romanesque Revival; Center Steeple Form (Wm. Steele, Sioux City, architect) Cedar St, W 709- BLDG Convent (second) Flat-Roofed, 2-story (attached to church) Cedar St, W Minimal Traditional/Cross- Gable Roof, 1-story X X Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 191

192 Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Cedar St, W 716 ca.1900 Wilson, George, House Style/ Form Queen Anne, Hipped Roof with lower cross gables, 2-story Cedar St, W 722 ca.1905 Colonial Revival, Am. Four-Square Cedar St, W - At rear of lot Immaculate Conception Catholic Parochial School with Gymnasium/ Auditorium Cedar St, W Thompson- Fuhrman-Lewis House; Bessie & Luther Thompson; Frederick & Minnie Fuhrman; and Robert A. & Mary Lewis (second house) Cedar St, W / 1913/ 1929 Cedar St, W , moved from 709 Mount St. Mary Convent/Mount St. Mary s Academy/ Cherokee Jr. College/Gran Apts Immaculate Conception Catholic Church Rectory (first)/ Gran Apts Annex Cedar St, W 736 ca.1892 Brummer, J.H. & Sophia, House (retired farmer /capitalist) Flat-Roofed, L- shaped, 2-story ; attributed builder Osterling Construction Co. Classical Revival, 2- story Meyer Photo X X Snapp Photo X / Gothic/Tudor Revival X Queen Anne original; post-move - no style Queen Anne, Hipped Roof with lower cross gables, 2-story X X Mental Health Institute Historic District Cedar St, W Schmidt House Vernacular, Front- Gable, 2-story Cedar St, W Mansfield House Am. Four-Square Cedar St, W France, Ray, Colonial Revival, 2- X House story Cedar St, W 1124 ca.1916 Wirth, J. Earl & Am. Four-Square Olive, House (supt. at State Hospital) Cedar St, W Lee House Craftsman/ Bungalow, 2-story Cedar St, W 1127 ca.1900 Vernacular, Front- Gable, 2-story HD-Non- Con HD-Non- Con HD- Non-Con Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 192

193 Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Style/ Form Cedar St, W Gilleas House Craftsman/ Bungalow, 2-story Cedar St, W Wheatley, Craftsman, Side- Marshall O. & Gable, 2-story Jessie, House (salesmanretired; widow} Cedar St, W Griffin, W.R. & Matilda, House (retired) Cedar St, W 1135 ca.1905 Griffith, Jesse E.J & Jesse, House (State Hospital workers) Cedar St, W 1137 ca.1900 Rapson, George P. & Mary, House (Rapson Motor Co.) W Cedar Loop W Cedar Loop W Cedar Loop W Cedar Loop W Cedar Loop W Cedar Loop W Cedar Loop W Cedar Loop W Cedar Loop W Cedar Loop W Cedar Loop 1215 ca.1945 Employee Residential Duplexes (4) Craftsman/ Bungalow, 2-story Vernacular, Hipped- Roof, 1-story Am. Four-Square Vernacular/Colonial Revival, Side-Gable, 2-story Meyer Photo X Snapp Photo / 1215 Ginzberg Building X Cherokee State Hospital for the Insane, Main Building Complex Administration Building, Central Section Administration Building, S Wing Administration Building, N Wing French Chateau Revival & Queen Anne; Echlon plan; Josselyn Taylor, architects French Chateau Revival & Queen Anne; Echlon plan; Josselyn Taylor, architects French Chateau Revival & Queen Anne; Echlon plan; Josselyn Taylor, architects X X X X 1215 Pre Fairview Cottage/ Voldeng Building X 1215 Pre- Boiler Bldg., X 1924 Engine Room Water Tower X Smoke Stack X 1215 Post Garage #1 HD-Non- Con Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 193

194 Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Style/ Form Meyer Photo Snapp Photo / W Cedar 1215 Post- Garage #2 Loop 1947 W Cedar 1215 Cemetery Loop W Cedar Donohoe Building X Loop W Cedar Wade Building Loop W Cedar 1215 ca.1950 Wirth Hall X Loop W Cedar Campus Site Loop W Cherry St Historic House Group/Historic District Cherry St, W 612 ca.1914 Loughlin, John, Sr & Barbara, House (attorney) Cherry St, W Miller, Marvin and Mary, House (attorney) Cherry St, W Walrath, O.G. & Asenath, House (Carnegie Steel salesman); C.H. & Margarette Groves House (stock raiser) Craftsman/ Bungalow, 2-story Colonial Revival, Side-Gable, 2-story Queen Anne/ Colonial Revival Cherry St, W Queen Anne/ Colonial Revival Cherry St, W Robertson, Queen Anne/ Catherine & Classical Revival; James, Sr., House Pent Gable Roof, 2- (Robertson & Story Patton Lumber Co., Washta State Bank; Servants of Mary Convent ( ) Cherry St, W Smith, J.D.F & Adelia, House (lawyer) X X X X X Colonial Revival X Cherry St, W Am. Four-Square X Cherry St, W Vernacular, Hipped- Roof, 1-story X Not individual Cherry St, W Vernacular, Gable- Front and Wing Cherry St, W Ellerbroek, Vernon & Bessie, House (Ellerbroek s Store, clothing) Colonial Revival, Side-Gable, 2-story X HD-Non- Con Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 194

195 Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Cherry St, W Clausen, Kenneth & Mary Jane, House (dept. store mgr., J.C. Penney Co.); Dennis & Barbara Gano (banker) Cherry St, W Hurlburt, Charles L. & Margaret E., House (Illinois Central RR express-man) Style/ Form Ranch/Rambler Gunner Osterling Construction, contractor Tudor Revival Cottage/ English Bungalow Meyer Photo X X Snapp Photo / HD-Non- Con Cherry St, W Rasmus, Henry & Martha (Mattie), House (general store in Meriden; Carl E. & Anna Peterson (auto dealership) Craftsman, Side- Gable, 2-story X Cherry St, W Am. Four-Square X HD-Non- Con Cherry St, W Vernacular, Colonial Revival, 2-story X HD-Non- Con Cherry St, W Vernacular, Front- Gable, 2-story X HD-Non- Con Cherry St, W Am. Four-Square X HD-Non- Con N 11 th St and Hill St Historic Group/Historic District 9 th St., N Ranch/Rambler 9 th St., N 9 th St., N Craftsman, Front- Gable, 2-story 9 th St., N HD-Non- Con 9 th St., N Ranch/Rambler 9 th St., N HD-Non- Con 11 th St, N Bungalow, Front- Gable, stucco, 1½story X 11 th St, N 309 ca.1935 Morrison, Fred & Bernice, House (lumberman) Colonial Revival, Gambrel Cottage form 11 th St, N 311 ca.1892 Vernacular, Gable- Front-and-Wing, 2- story 11 th St, N American Four- Square 11 th St, N Bunkers, F.H. & Delia, House (Bunkers Cleaners) English Period Cottage, brick, 1½story X X X X Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 195

196 Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Style/ Form 11 th St, N 401 ca.1900 Vernacular, Hipped Roof, 1-story 11 th St, N 409 ca.1900 Vernacular, Center- Gable, 2-story 11 th St, N 415 ca.1900 Vernacular, Hipped Roof, 1-story 11 th St, N Craftsman/ Bungalow, Side- Gabled, 2-story Meyer Photo Snapp Photo X X X X / HD-Non- Con HD-Non- Con HD-Non- Con HD-Non- Con 11 th St, N Vernacular, Gable- X Front-and-Wing, 2- story 11 th St, N Ranch/Rambler X 11 th St, N/ Hill St 510/ Hill St Water Tower 11 th St, N Johnson, Irving & Elsie, House (retired farmer); Rhea, Robert (owner, Chieftain Feeds) & Claire (MHI employee) Buell & Winter Engineering, Sioux City X Ranch/Rambler X 11 th St, N HD-Non- Con 11 th St, N Johnson, Irving & Elsie, House Craftsman, Front- Gable, 2-story X (retired farmer); Rhea, Robert (owner, Chieftain Feeds) & Claire (MHI employee) 11 th St, N Mulky, O.D., House Minimal Traditional- Cape Cod, 1½- story Cedar, W St Craftsman/ Bungalow, Cross- Gable, 1½-story Cedar, W St 1104 ca.1895 Vernacular, Hipped Roof with lower cross gables, 2-Story Cherry St, W Craftsman, American Four-Square Cherry St, W Ranch/Rambler, Hipped Roof, 1-story- Hill St, W Unger, Wm. & Grace, House second house (real estate agent) X X X X Cross-Gable, 2-story X Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 196

197 Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Style/ Form Meyer Photo Snapp Photo / Hill St, W Unger, Wm. & Craftsman, Front- X Grace, House Gable, 2-story first house (real estate agent) Hill St, W Craftsman/ X Bungalow, 1-story Hill St, W Cape Cod, 1½- story, X brick Hill St, W Cape Cod, 1½- story W Bluff St Ranch/Rambler W Bluff St Minimal Traditional W Bluff St Ranch/Rambler W Bluff St Ranch/Rambler W Bluff St Anderson, Ranch/Rambler Marvin, House HD-Non- Con W Bluff St Ranch/Rambler W Bluff St Ranch/Rambler HD-Non- Con W Bluff St Minimal Traditional/Cape Cod W Bluff St Campbell, Don, House Ranch/Rambler/ Minimal Traditional W Bluff St Scothorn, Tom, House Ranch/Rambler/ Minimal Traditional Euclid Avenue Historic District Euclid Ave Bungalow Euclid Ave Goldie, Dale & Hazel, House (owners, American Theatre) Euclid Ave 402 Vacant Lot Euclid Ave Huxford, Charles, House (ret. farmer/ Riley, John, House Euclid Ave 415 ca.1905 Cornish, Hill, House/Schuster, George, House/ Euclid Ave Quinn Duplex Eulas & Gertrude Quinn and Gill & Delma Quinn (Quinn Bros DX Service Station & Mobil Station) Tudor Revival Queen Anne, Hipped Roof with lower gables, 2-story Vernacular, Hipped- Roof, 1-story Colonial Revival, Side-Gable, 2-story duplex X & in St. View X- in St. View X- in St. View X Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 197

198 Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Style/ Form Meyer Photo Snapp Photo / Euclid Ave 419 ca.1905 Hutchinson- Am. Four-Square X- in St. Delaplane, G.S. View House (Delaplane Shoe Co.) Euclid Ave 421 ca.1900 Wright, W.Z, Vernacular, Hipped- X- in St. House (engineer, Roof, 1½- story; T.J. View IC RR) Dickey-architect Euclid Ave Vernacular, Hipped X- in St. Roof, 1-story View Euclid Ave Smith, Major, Craftsman, Side- X & X- in House Gable, 2-story St. View Euclid Ave Am. Four-Square X Euclid Ave Millard, W.H. and Queen Anne, Hipped X & X- in Marie, House Roof with lower St. View Gables, 2-story Euclid Ave 432 ca.1905 Am. Four-Square, X- in St. Duplex Conversion View Euclid Ave Garage Euclid Ave Am. Four-Square X- in St. View Euclid Ave Scribner, Roderick H. & Lillie J., House & Carriage House (banker)/ A.W. & Ada Jones (banker, 1 st Nat l); Euclid Ave 442 ca.1899 Biller, Dr. J.G., House Euclid Ave Hall, Dr. Clarence H. & Lucille [Payne], House (medical doctor); Caswell, Wallace & Jennie, House (Caswell Bros., agri. Equip. mfg.) Euclid Ave Allison, Hawley & Harriet [Cowles], House Am. Four-Square Vernacular, Gable- Front and Wing, 2- story Craftsman Airplane Bungalow, Front- Gable, 2-story Queen Anne/ Classical Revival, 2- story; Chas. Anderson, builder Euclid Ave Ranch/Rambler, Hipped Roof, 1-story Euclid Ave 453 ca.1920 Clark, Isaac & Craftsman, Side- Ella, House Gable, 2-story; built by James Weart, Weart & Lysaght Lumber Co. Euclid Ave 457 ca.1890 Millard, T.B., House Vernacular, Hipped Roof with Front- Gable wing, 2-story X- in St. View X X X & X- in St. View X- in St. View X X- in St. View HD-Non- Con Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 198

199 Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Style/ Form Euclid Ave Vernacular, Front- Gable, 2-story Euclid Ave Vernacular, Gable- Front and wing, 2- story Euclid Ave Steele, Richard T. Colonial Revival, & Catherine Side-Gable, 2-story [Parel], House (Steeles Bank/Steele State Bank, president) Euclid Ave Craftsman/ Bungalow, 1½-story Euclid Ave Queen Anne, Front- Gable, 2-story Fountain St Sanford, Wm. A., & Maude, House (vice-pres., 1 st Meyer Photo X- in St. View X- in St. View X X Snapp Photo / X- in St. View Queen Anne X X Nat l Bank) Fountain St Vernacular, Front- X Gable, Duplex, 2- story Fountain St Corbett, Carlton Queen Anne X & Rosabella, House (pioneer land owner, 1 st Nat l Bank dir.) Fountain St Huxford, Edward Queen Anne X D. & Eva House (cashier-pres., Cherokee State Bank) Bailey Court and Roosevelt Ave Historic District Bailey Court Craftsman, Side- X Gable, 2-story Bailey Court Turner, E.L. & Adele, House (land developer); Popma, Albert G. & Louise, House (first house - barber, ); Baumann, Gerhart & Viola (Baumann Bakery, ) Bailey Court Popma, Albert G. & Louise, House (second house, ret. barber) Craftsman, Front- Gable, 2-story Minimal Traditional, 1½-story X X HD-Non- Con Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 199

200 Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Style/ Form Bailey Court Craftsman, Front- Gable, 2-story Bailey Court 522 ca.1917 Stiles-Barry Prairie School/Am. House (Stiles, Four-Square Fred B. & Frances, banker; Barry, Justin & Adelaide, newspaper publisher; Iowa State Rep.) Bailey Court Stiles, Nestor L. & Maude F. (Molyneaux), House (banker, Cherokee State Bank) Craftsman, Front- Gable, 2-story Bailey Court Craftsman, Side- Gable, 2-story Bailey Court Popma, Walter J. Craftsman, Front- & Anna, House Gable, 2-story (retired barber) Bailey Court Craftsman, Front- Gable, 2-story Bailey Court Ranch/Rambler, Side- Gable, 1-story Bailey Court Holden, Chester and Ellen, House Craftsman/ Bungalow, 2-story; Noodstorm & Beazely, contractor Bailey Court Ranch/Rambler, Side- Gable, 1-story Bailey Court Bailey Court Park Park Square site (private) Roosevelt Ave, N Roosevelt Ave, N Roosevelt Ave, N Roosevelt Ave, N Brummer, George & Mary (Stiles), House (Illinois Central RR /Cherokee State Bank, cashier & vicepresident) 501 ca.1900 Stiles, Charles A. & Frances [Bailey], House (capitalist, landowner) Am. Four-Square (Eisentraut-Colby- Pottenger, Sioux City, architects) Classical Revival, Hipped Roof, 2-story (Wilfred Warren Beach, architect) Craftsman, Front- Gable, 2-story Goeb, John H., Craftsman, Side- House (first Gable, 2-story Meyer Photo X X X X X- in St. View X- in St. View X- in St. View X X Snapp Photo X / X X X Street X Street HD-Non- Con Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 200

201 Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name house); Andrew Caswell (Caswell Mfg. Co.) Roosevelt Stebbins-Stiles Ave, N House (Stebbins, J.W., ; Stiles, Charles A. & Frances Leah Lillie [Bailey], (first farm house) Roosevelt Ave, N Roosevelt Ave, N Roosevelt Ave, N Roosevelt Ave, N Roosevelt Ave, N Roosevelt Ave, N Roosevelt Ave, N Roosevelt Ave, N Roosevelt Ave, N Roosevelt Ave, N Sumner St., E Sumner St., E Sumner St., E Sumner St., E Sumner St., E Sumner St., E Sumner St., E Goeb, John H., House (second house); Liautaud, Theodore, House 601 ca.1905 Robertson, Margaret Maggie, House Ryden, Art & Lucille (Benson) House Style/ Form Vernacular, Gable- Front & Wing, 1-story Craftsman, Side- Gable, 2-story Vernacular, Gable- Front & Wing, 2-story Am. Four-Square Meyer Photo X Street view X Street view Snapp Photo X X / Vernacular, Gable- Front & Wing, 2-story X Wolff House Am. Four-Square X Potter, John F. & Vernacular, Hipped X Mary Ann Roof, 1½-story [Bailey], House (retired farmers) Rambler/Ranch, X Hipped Roof, 1-story Vernacular, Gable- Front & Wing, 2-story Vernacular, Gable- X Front & Wing, 1-story Vernacular, Hipped X Roof, 1½-story Craftsman/Bungalow X Side-Gabled, 2-story Craftsman/Bungalow X Side-Gabled, 2-story Vernacular, Hipped- X Roof, 1-story 433 Vernacular, I-House/ X- St ca.1900 Side-Gable, 2-story View Vernacular, Gable- X Front & Wing, 1-story Craftsman/Bungalow X Side-Gabled, 2-story Puffet, Alice, House Vernacular, Gable- Front & Wing, 1-story X HD-Non- Con HD-Non- Con Not in District Not in District Not in District Not in District Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 201

202 Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Sumner St., Wilkie, E.F. & E Ann, House (grocery) Style/ Form Craftsman/ Bungalow, Front- Gable, 1½-story Ash St Historic Group/Historic District Meyer Photo Snapp Photo X / HD-Non- Con Ash St Johnson, Rudolph & Elizabeth, House/ Nafe, Claude, & Della, House (ret. farmer & contractor) Ash St Tscherster, Ernest & Phyllis, House - in the 1950s (carpenter, Grundman-Hicks) Ash St Rodman, R.G. & Esther, House (district court judge)/r.j. & Doris Thomas (manufacturer) Ash St Lindgren, Oscar, House (retired farmer) Ash St Waters, Alta, House (widow of Earl, retired farmers) Ash St Tanner, Dr. A. J. & Ann, House (dentist) Ash St 411/ Wester, Elmer & Mabel, House (retired farmers) Ash St Quinn, Gill & Delma, House (Service Station owner) Ranch/Rambler, Side- Gabled Roof, 1-story Vernacular, Frontgable & wing, 1-story Ranch/Rambler, Cross-Hipped Roof, 1-story; attrib. builder - Osterling Co. Ranch/Rambler, Cross-Hipped Roof, 1-story Ranch/Rambler, Cross-Gabled Roof, 1-story Ranch/Rambler, Hipped Roof, 1-story; contractor- Gunnar Osterling, $15,000 Minimal Traditional, Cross-Gabled Roof, 1-story Ranch/Rambler, Hipped Roof, 1-story Ash St Ranch/Rambler. Side-Gabled Roof, 1- story Ash St 419/ Ohlson, Vernon & Bonnie, House (salesman) Ash St Lear, Charles & Irene, House (cook - later Minimal Traditional, Side-Gabled Roof,, 1- story Minimal Traditional, Side-Gabled, 1½story X X HD-Non- Con Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 202

203 Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Style/ Form owner Lewis Hotel) Ash St Ranch/Rambler, Side- Gabled, 1- story Ash St Anderson, S. Ranch/Rambler, Ludwig & Nancy, Cross-Hipped Roof, House (retired 1-story farmers) Ash St Everett, Bert, House, (retired farmer) Ash St Hahn, Lincoln & Leora, House (retired farmers) Ash St Green, Ray & Caroline, House (Pharmacist - Nelson Drug) Ranch/Rambler, Cross-Hipped Roof, 1-story Minimal Traditional, Side-Gabled Roof, 1- story Minimal Traditional, Side-Gabled Roof, 1- story Ash St Minimal Traditional, Side-Gabled Roof, 1- story Ash St Halstrom, Eddie & Effie, House (retired farmers) Ranch/Rambler, Side- Gabled Roof, 1-story Ash St Minimal Traditional, Cross-Gabled Roof, 1-story Ash St Casey, Florence, House Ash St Bryant, Mrs. Ocie (widow, William, (retired farmers) Ash St Sayre, David, House (lawyer) Ash St Nixon, Earl, House (NW Bell) Ash St Ellis, Howard, House (A&W Drive-in) Ash St Christensen, Bruce, House (Christensen Brothers Construction Co) Ash St Crocker, Charles, House (County Recorder) Minimal Traditional, Cross-Gabled Roof, 1-story Ranch/Rambler, Side- Gabled Roof, 1-story Ranch/Rambler, Side- Gabled Roof, 1-story Minimal Traditional, Side-Gabled Roof, 1- story Minimal Traditional, Cross-Gabled Roof, 1-story Ranch/Rambler, Side- Gabled Roof, 1-story Minimal Traditional, Cross-Gabled Roof, 1-story Meyer Photo Snapp Photo X X / HD-Non- Con Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 203

204 Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Ash St Schaefer, Pat (cattle buyer) Ash St Martin, Ted and Millie, House (Martin Furniture Store owners) Ash St Simons, Ray, House (cattle buyer) Ash St French, Larry and Betty (owner, Caswell Manufacturing) Ash St 525 ca.1955 Elliot, Joe, House, (Christensen Brothers Construction Co) Saratoga Ave Saratoga Ave Saratoga Ave Saratoga Ave Saratoga Ave Saratoga Ave 2 nd St., N/ US Highway 59, 400 block Lundell, Harry & Esther, House (vice-pres., Lundell Mfg. Co.) 607 ca.1953 Fredrickson, Russell C. & Violet, House (cattle buyer, ret. farmer) Hinkeldey, Edward & Leone, House (carp., Osterling Construction) Burkhart, Clayton Mick & Jeannette, House (partner, B & Hatchery & Feed Store) Dunn, Robert, House Kinkead, R.L., House (school superintendent) Culvert/ Spillway for RR Creek Style/ Form Ranch/Rambler, Cross-Gabled Roof, 1-story Minimal Traditional, Side-Gabled Roof, 1- story Minimal Traditional, Cross-Gabled Roof, 1-story Ranch/Rambler, Side- Gabled Roof, 1-story Minimal Traditional, Cross-Gabled Roof, 1-story Minimal Traditional, Side-Gabled Roof, 1- story Minimal Traditional, Side-Gabled Roof, 1- story Minimal Traditional/ Cape Cod. 1½-story; attrib. builder - Osterling Construction Co. Ranch/Rambler, Cross-Hipped Roof, 1-story Minimal Traditional, Side-Gabled Roof, 1- story; contractor - Osterling Construction Co. Ranch/Rambler, Cross-Hipped Roof, 1-story Meyer Photo Railroad Creek Bridge Group/Historic District 1973 N Second St. Concrete, solid Railroad Creek balustrade Bridge Snapp Photo X / HD-Non- Con Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 204

205 Street Number Date Historic Owner/Name Bluff St, W, Pedestrian 2011 Central Park 200 block, Bridge Pedestrian Bridge Central Park over RR Creek Bluff St, W, 200 block Cedar St, E, 100 block Cherry St, E, 100 block Euclid Ave, 100 block Canadian National Rwy/ Illinois Central RR Bridge & Trestle Canadian Nat l Rwy/ Illinois Cen. RR Mainline Bridge & Trestle Main St, E, 300 block Maple St, E, 300 block Union St, 200 block Willow St, E, 200 block Bridge over RR Creek Bridge over RR Creek Bridge/ Viaduct for RR Creek Bridge over RR Creek Bridges over RR Creek, 400 block Bridges over RR Creek Bridge over RR Creek Bridge over RR Creek Bridge over RR Creek Bridge over RR Creek 1960 W Bluff St. Railroad Creek Bridge 1941 E Cedar St. Railroad Creek Bridge 1973 E Cherry St. Railroad Creek Bridge ca ca.1963 ca.1963 Euclid Ave Railroad Creek Bridge Canadian National Railway/ Illinois Central RR Bridge & Trestle Illinois Central trestle and recreational trail bridge 1950 E. Main St. Railroad Creek Bridge ca ca ca E. Maple St. Railroad Creek Bridge Union St. Railroad Creek Bridge E. Willow St. Railroad Creek Bridge Style/ Form Pedestrian connector bridge; Contech Construction Products, Alexandria, MN; Bridge Number # Concrete, open horizontal I-beambalustrade, # Works Projects Administration (WPA) bridge design; Concrete, pipe rail balustrade, # Concrete, solid balustrade, # Concrete, I-beam spindle rail design; Cherokee Co. Supervisors, # Timber stringer bridge and timber trestle Timber trestle and open horizontal metal balustrade Concrete, pipe rail balustrade design Concrete, I-beam spindle rail design; Cherokee Co. Supervisors, # Concrete, I-beam spindle rail design; Cherokee Co. Supervisors, # Concrete, I-beam spindle rail design; Cherokee Co. Supervisors, # Meyer Photo X X X X Snapp Photo X X X X X X / HD-Non- Con HD-Non- Con Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 205

206 Appendix E: Iowa Site Inventory Forms (ISIF) prepared for Reconnaissance Survey on file with records of the Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission, City of Cherokee ISIF# Robert A. and Mary Lewis/Fred and Wilhelmina Fuhrman House, 103 Sequoia Dr - formerly 700 S 2 nd St (built ) ISIF# J. H. and Sophia Brummer House, 736 W Cedar St (ca. 1892) ISIF# Senator Guy M. and Rose Gillette House, 111 N 11 th St (1898) Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 206

207 ISIF# Dr. R.C. and Lena Seaman House, 400 Magnetic Ave (1908) and ISIF# the Seaman s Cancer Sanitarium, 402 Magnetic Ave (ca. 1900) ISIF# Judge R. G. and Esther Rodman House/R. J. and Doris Thomas House, 402 Ash St (1958) Cherokee Historic Preservation Commission 207