Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France

Transcription

1 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France Simon Bailhache, Catherine Guigou-Carter, Christophe Rougier and Isabelle Schmich CSTB

2 Objectives (I) Proposition of a classification scheme Simple information, easily understable Ex: energy efficiency diagrams Based on the acoustic regulation Criteria Acoustic performance Outdoor acoustic ambiance 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 2

3 Objectives (II) Concerned building types Dwellings European COST Action TU0901: Integrating and Harmonizing Sound Insulation Aspects in Sustainable Urban Housing Construction Hotels Health-dedicated buildings Educational buildings Office buildings 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 3

4 Plan The French acoustic regulation Methodology for defining classes Examples of proposed performance classes Outdoor acoustic ambiance classes Conclusions 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 4

5 The French acoustic regulation (I) Requirements on the performance of the finished building Indicators: Related quantity Unit Indoor airborne sound insulation D nt,a db Facade sound insulation D nt,a,tr db Impact noise L nt,w db Noise from service equipment L nat db(a) Sound reverberation RT s Acoustic treatment A/S - Range: Hz Controlled through on-site measurements 3 db tolerance 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 5

6 The French acoustic regulation (II) Exemple (dwelling) = 30 Bathroom or kitchen = 50 Bathroom or kitchen = 52 = 53 Living room or bedroom Living room or bedroom = 53 = 53 = 53 Living room or bedroom Living room or bedroom = 55 = 58 = 30 = 30 Bathroom or kitchen Bathroom or kitchen Living room or bedroom Living room or bedroom = 58 = 58 Living room or bedroom = 58 Living room or bedroom = 58 Parking Commercial space Parking Commercial space Requirement on D nt,a in db Requirement on D nt,a,tr in db Requirement on L nt,w in db 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 6

7 Methodology for defining classes (I) 6 performance classes (A>F) for each descriptor Class C = performance level just matching the regulatory limit 5 db step between classes A/S: step = 0.15 RT: the lower the better (depends on situation) 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 7

8 Methodology for defining classes (II) Strict targets No tolerance on limits Class assigned to a given room = lowest class obtained for all descriptors Class assigned to the whole building = lowest class obtained for all rooms but realistic targets Technically achievable performance levels Practically measurable performance levels Background noise, RT 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 8

9 Proposed performances classes (I) Façade sound insulation Particular case: requirements depend on exposure to noise from ground and air transportation systems Common minimum requirement D nt,a,tr = 30 db Example: dwellings Proposed targets are stricter than regulation Impact noise 58 db 55 db Additional requirements: sound insulation between 2 rooms of the same dwelling 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 9

10 Proposed performances classes (II) Example: dwellings D na,t [db] Reception room : Emission room Living or sleeping room Kitchen, bathroom Class A Room of a nother dwelling excluding individual garages Living or sleeping room of the same dwelling 53 n/a Kitchen or bathroom of the same dwelling 45 n/a Class B Room of another dwelling excluding individual garage Living or sleeping room of the same dwelling 43 n/a Kitchen or bathroom of the same dwelling 35 n/a Class C Room of another dwelling excluding individual garage Living or sleeping room of the same dwelling 33 n/a Kitchen or bathroom of the same dwelling 25 n/a Class D Room of another dwelling excluding individual garage Living or sleeping room of the same dwelling 28 n/a Kitchen or bathroom of the same dwelling 25 n/a Class E Room of another dwelling excluding individual garage Living or sleeping room of the same dwelling 25 n/a Kitchen or bathroom of the same dwelling 25 n/a Class F Room of another dwelling excluding individual garage < 43 < 40 Living or sleeping room of the same dwelling < 25 n/a Kitchen or bathroom of the same dwelling < 25 n/a 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 10

11 Proposed performances classes (III) Example: dwellings L nt,w [db] Emission room Reception room: Living room Sleeping room Class A Hallways and garages Other rooms exterior to the dwelling Living/sleeping room, kitchen or bathroom of the same dwelling n/a 55 Class B Hallways and garages Other rooms exterior to the dwelling Living/sleeping room, kitchen or bathroom of the same dwelling n/a 65 Class C Hallways and garages Other rooms exterior to the dwelling Living/sleeping room, kitchen or bathroom of the same dwelling n/a 75 Class D Hallways and garages Other rooms exterior to the dwelling Living/sleeping room, kitchen or bathroom of the same dwelling n/a 85 Class E Hallways and garages Other rooms exterior to the dwelling Living/sleeping room, kitchen or bathroom of the same dwelling n/a 95 Class F Hallways and garages > 68 > 68 Other rooms exterior to the dwelling > 65 > 65 Living/sleeping room, kitchen or bathroom of the same dwelling n/a > 95 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 11

12 Proposed performances classes (III) Example: dwellings L nat [db(a)] Individual service equipment Reception room (in the same dwelling): Living/sleeping room Separate kitchen Open kitchen to living room Class A Class B Class C Class D Class E Class F > 45 > 60 >50 A/S [-] Common hallway s Entrance halls and common hallways not leading to any dwelling or guard s lodge Class A Class B Class C Class D Class E Class F < No requirement on reverberation time 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 12

13 Proposed performances classes (IV) Example: educational buildings Requirement on RT Classrooms, music rooms, dining rooms and multi-purpose halls Same approach for other building types Except office buildings Volume 250 m 3 Volume > 250 m 3 Class A RT 0.4 s RT 0.4 s Class B RT 0.4 s 0.4 RT 0.6 s Class C 0.4 RT 0.8 s 0.6 RT 1.2 s Class D RT > 0.8 s RT > 1.2 s Class E RT > 0.8 s RT > 1.2 s Class F RT > 0.8 s RT > 1.2 s 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 13

14 Proposed performance classes (V) Office buildings Not concerned by the regulation French standard NF S31-080: performance levels 5 db step, except for impact sound insulation (4 db step) CSTB proposal 4 classes Performance level according to NF S Class A Very Performing Class B Performing Class C Common Class D - 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 14

15 Proposed performance classes (VI) Office buildings D nt,a [db] Emission room Reception room: Individual office Collective office Open space Meeting/training room Class A Hallway Other types of room Class B Hallway Other types of room Class C Hallway Other types of room Class D Hallway < 30 < 30 < 25 < 35 Other types of room < 35 < 35 < 30 < 40 L nt,w [db] Emission room: Any room exterior to the Reception room: Individual and collective office, reception room open space, meeting or training room Class A 58 Class B 60 Class C 62 Class D > 62 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 15

16 Proposed performance classes (VII) Office buildings L 50 [db(a)] L na,t [db(a)] RT Reception room: Individual and collective office, open space, meeting or training room Class A 30 Class B 35 Class C > 35 Class D > 35 Reception room: Individual and collective office, open space, meeting or training room Class A 35 Class B 40 Class C 45 Class D > 45 Individual office Collective office Open space, meeting/training room (V < 250 m 3 ) Class A RT 0.6 s RT 0.5 s RT 0.6 s Class B 0.6 s RT 0.7 s 0.5 s RT 0.6 s 0.6 s RT 0.8 s Class C RT > 0.7 s 0.6 s RT 0.8 s 0.6 s RT 0.8 s Class D RT > 0.7 s RT > 0.8 s RT > 0.8 s 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 16

17 Outdoor acoustic ambiance (I) Façade sound insulation Closely linked to external noise Use of noise mapping tools Exposure depends on building occupants behaviour Windows open during summer Use of outside spaces (gardens, terraces) How to define a comfortable acoustic environment? 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 17

18 Outdoor acoustic ambiance (II) World Health Organization Effects on health of outdoor noise level at the exposed façade Specific environment Critical health effect(s) L Aeq [db] Time base [h] Outdoor living areas Serious annoyance, daytime and evening Moderate annoyance, daytime and evening Outside bedrooms Sleep disturbance (with window open), night 45 8 School, playground outdoor Annoyance (external source) 55 During play Outdoors in parkland and conservation areas Disruption of tranquility As low as possible From: B. Berglund, T. Lindvall and D.H. Schwela, Guidelines for Community Noise, World Health Organization (1999) Project QSIDE Exposure-perception relationship 50 db L den 55 db 11-18% MA, 4-6% SA L Aeq,24h 45 db quiet and pleasant area L day > 60 db not quiet 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 18

19 Outdoor acoustic ambiance (III) Project QSIDE Exposure-perception relationship City Status of a quiet facade Definition of a quiet facade Amsterdam Existing policy < standard limits, i.e. < 48 db L 1 den road traffic, 55 db railway noise, 50 db industrial noise Brussels Not enforced, only for assessment Quiet side < noisy side 20 db g Gothenbur Existing policy in central city (4 km radius) Preferably < 45 db(a) L eq ; obligatory < 50 db(a) L eq for traffic noise Hamburg Existing policy < 49 db L night in residential, < 54 db in mixed areas for traffic noise; in new buildings living rooms and bedrooms must be situated at quiet (noise averted) side Helsinki Recommendation for highly exposed dwellings < standard limit, i.e. 55 db(a) L eq,7-22h ; 50 db(a) L eq,22-7h on façade and garden/balcony Utrecht Existing policy See Amsterdam Zurich Existing policy < standard limit 1 applies to noise level after subtracting 2 db (highway) or 5 db (city traffic) accounting for future reduction of vehicle noise Place Sound pressure level for a quiet area Estonia, Romania L den 50 db United Kingdom L den 55 db Brussels L den 55 db Helsinki L Aeq,22-7h 45 db(a) Amsterdam L day or L den 55 db(a) From: F. van den Berg, C.Schoonebeek and M. Hillegregt, On the definition of quiet façades and quiet urban areas, Proc. Euronoise 2012, (2012). 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 19

20 Outdoor acoustic ambiance (IV) Simplified relationships LAeq, 24h Lden 3dB CSTB proposal LAeq, 6 22h Lden 1. 5dB LAeq, 22 6h Lden 9dB 6 comfort classes based on L Aeq Day period (6-22h) and night period (22-6h) 5 db step Façade L Aeq in db(a) Day period (6-22h) Night period (22-6h) Class A: quiet area Class B: rather quiet area Class C: moderately quiet area Class D: rather noisy area Class E: noisy area Class F: very noisy area > 70 > 65 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 20

21 Conclusions Acoustic performance level Classification based on the limits defined in the French regulation Same method can be applied to different types of buildings Outdoor acoustic ambiance Simple classification method proposed Further work Effects of the low frequency range ( Hz)? Acknowledgements CSTB R&D Department (ELODIE 2.0 research project) 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 21

22 Thank you for your attention Any questions?