Lincoln Townscape Assessment. Yarborough Road Inherited Character Area Statement

Transcription

1 Lincoln Townscape Assessment Yarborough Road Inherited Character Area Statement View up Yarborough Road from The Avenue showing different styles of property JULY 2009 Page 2 of 20

2 Table of Contents Page Overview 2 Historical Development 2 Urban form 4 Views 11 Condition of Buildings and Streetscape 12 Use 12 Relationship to City and Surrounding Areas 12 Key Townscape Characteristics 12 Appendix 1: Character Area Attributes 14 Appendix 2: List of RAZs 15 Appendix 3: List of Monuments 17 Appendix 4: List of Ecological Sites 18 Appendix 5: Historical Components which influence the current character 19 Page 3 of 20

3 Overview Yarborough Road Character Area lies to the west of Lincoln s historic core and spans almost the full height of the north escarpment slope. The Character Area is dominated by large-scale individually styled Late Victorian/Edwardian properties, as well as some contemporary smaller-scale terraced houses, which originally formed part of a middle-class suburb within easy reach of the city centre. Small contained areas of later infill and redevelopment dating to the Inter-War, Post-War and Modern Periods are also located within the area. The changing gradient of the escarpment slope strongly influences many elements of the urban form, such as the size of housing plots, accessibility, road layout, the aspect of buildings, and the rhythm of buildings up and down the escarpment slope. The Late Victorian/Edwardian townscape survives as a manifestation of a period of economic prosperity experienced by Lincoln, which resulted in the emergence of a middle class, around the turn of the 20 th century. Larger-scale properties are highly individual in character, and are differentiated through variation in building form and scale as well as the incorporation of a variety of decorative features. Rows of terraced houses mostly comprise single, or a small number of, build units. Houses within build units are usually similar in form and decoration leading to short but coherent building lines and façades. However, different build units of Late Victorian/Edwardian terraces vary considerably in form and decoration. Despite the varying scale and form of Late Victorian/Edwardian houses, properties have many common characteristics. Remaining properties in the area include a development of Post-War council houses, a modern residential development, and several individual detached houses dating from the Inter-War Period to the Modern Period. Much of the Character Area consists of open space, with large spacious gardens around houses alongside substantial areas of open public space within and bordering the Character Area. Private gardens have mature trees and vegetation, and create a suburban feeling of green space throughout much of the area. Buildings and the Character Area generally benefit from far reaching southerly views off the north escarpment, particularly from elevated areas. Views along streets up the escarpment slope are characterised by elevated and rising building façades, whereas those down streets include descending patterns of rooftops and chimneys. In turn, buildings within the Character Area, notably the Ellis Mill, contribute to the western skyline of the city when approached from the west. Yarborough Road and The Avenue are important and heavily used roads in the Character Area, acting as part of an inner city bypass between western and northern parts of the city. Historical Development The majority of Yarborough Road Character Area is an area of high-status residential housing dating to the Post-Railway Expansion [ AD] and Late Victorian/Edwardian Periods. It is likely that land within the Character Area was part of the Roman territorium, an area of land surrounding major Roman fortresses in which agricultural production and services were dedicated to the service of the legion rather than the local population. Land may have been farmed, although the exposed escarpment edge may have provided a natural location for the quarrying of materials. West Parade, which runs east/west through the south of the area, probably follows the line of a Roman road that provided access to cemeteries located outside the city, and possibly further afield. Land in the Character Area probably remained open during the Early Medieval Era, and as Lincoln experienced a period of decline with much of the settlement retracting within the former Roman walled enclosures. Land in the area was probably composed of a series of open fields, although it is possible that materials were again quarried from the escarpment face to supply the growth of the city. Towards the end of the High Medieval Era, land within the area was part of a large garden owned by the Bishop of Lincoln. West Parade marks the approximate southern extents of the garden. The road was known as Wong Lane, meaning Old Norse for garden. The former name related to an area of land within the bishop s estate, which was farmed in common by residents of Lincoln during the Early Modern Era. The only remaining trace of the name in Lincoln is the small parcel of land at the corner of Queen s Crescent and Yarborough Road known as The Wong. Long Leys Road in the north west of the Character Area, which was originally known as Cliffgate, was an important western access route into the city by at least the 13 th century. Around the same time, West Parade was one of three parallel roads in the east of the city, including Carholme Road and Newland Street West. The roads passed through the medieval suburb of Newland and the Parishes of St. Martin and St. Mary Le Wigford, the boundary between which followed eastern boundary of Liquorice Park. The roads would have been important in the development of the city as a market centre during the High Medieval and Early Modern Eras. Page 4 of 20

4 Land within the Character Area, including that within the Bishop s estate, appears to have been divided up through a series of piecemeal agreements during the Early Modern Era. The small enclosures were probably used for a variety of functions, such as paddocks, orchards, and market gardens. The alignment of several former field boundaries is retained in the Late Victorian/Edwardian townscape, such as; the line of The Avenue north of West Parade, the eastern boundary of Liquorice Park, the boundary of the Character Area with Whitton Park, the western boundary of the Character Area to the rear of numbers 6, 8,10,14,16 and 18 The Avenue, and the southern boundary of number 127 Yarborough Road. Belle Vue Terrace also follows the curved alignment of a former field boundary of this date. Towards the end of the Early Modern Era there are documentary references that fields were known as Shooting Leas, an area where inhabitants of Lincoln exercised their responsibilities under the laws governing the musters, which required each inhabitant to be proficient with the bow. Any remaining open land within the Character Area would have been enclosed under an Act of Parliament in The Enclosure Act outlined the dividing up of common lands around the city according to common rights and private claims of ownership. The Enclosure Act redefined the boundaries of West Common, which forms part of the western boundary of the Character Area, to its current shape. Expansion of Lincoln during the Early Industrial Period led to an increased demand for construction materials, including brick. Accessible sources of clay on the escarpment slope led to the development of brickworks immediately east and south of the area, including the Allison and Fosters brickwork, and later the Westcliff Brickworks. The northern boundary of Hill Cottage in the far north of the Character Area marks the southerly extent of the brick pit associated with the latter brickworks. During this period, West Parade was known as Clay Lane or Brickyard Lane. The crest of the north escarpment had been a preferred location for windmills since the Early Modern Era. The standing Ellis Mill in the Character Area, which was built during the Early Industrial Period, is the only surviving example in this area of Lincoln. Figure 1 Silhouette of Ellis Mill During the Early Industrial Period, Lincoln experienced a period of economic growth, leading to increased demand for working class housing. As the city expanded eastwards during the Early Industrial and Post-Railway Expansion Periods, terraced housing was built to the east and west of the Character Area, and in the north of the area along Belle Vue Road. The period of expansion entailed the construction of industry and infrastructure, including The Lawn Lunatic Asylum in 1819 and the Lincoln Union Workhouse in The plots of the asylum and workhouse form part of the northern boundaries of the Character Area. The Page 5 of 20

5 stone walled boundary to the rear of numbers 9-13 Yarborough Terrace and numbers Yarborough Road defines the former graveyard associated with the Union workhouse. Yarborough Road and The Avenue were also laid out during the Post- Railway Expansion Period, connecting upper parts of the escarpment with the east and south of the city. Despite peripheral development, much of the land within the Character Area itself remained undeveloped, particularly on the steepest parts of the escarpment slope, until the latter part of the Late Victorian/Edwardian Period. Around the turn of the 20 th century, larger dwellings for the middle and upper classes were constructed within the Character Area, such as numbers and Yarborough Road. Much of the housing development in the Character Area south of the junction of Long Leys Road and Yarborough Road was completed by the first few years of the 20 th century, and remaining open land, such as Liquorice Park, open land immediately to the east, and the site of St. Faith s and St. Martin s School was allotments during the end of the Late Victorian/Edwardian Period and the beginning of the Inter-War Period. Remaining land in the Character Area was developed in a more piecemeal fashion during the Inter-War Period (e.g. St. Faith s and St. Martin s School, number Long Leys Road, and numbers Yarbrough Road) and to a lesser extent to the Post-War and Modern Periods (e.g. number 31, 32 and 43 Long Leys Road). Whitton Park, which forms part of the eastern boundary of the area, was created out of land occupied by the former Westcliff brickworks during the Inter-War Period. Urban form Yarborough Road Character Area lies to the west of Lincoln s historic core and spans almost the full height of the north escarpment slope. The Character Area is dominated by large-scale, individually styled Late Victorian/Edwardian buildings, which benefit from extensive views off the escarpment slope as well as a close location to the city centre. Late Victorian/Edwardian properties originally formed part of a high-status suburb within easy reach of the city centre. Small, contained areas of later infill and redevelopment are located within the area. The changing gradient of the escarpment slope strongly influences many elements of the urban form, such as the size of housing plots, accessibility, road layout, the aspect of buildings, and the rhythm of buildings up and down the escarpment slope. There is a low building density throughout much of the area, possibly because of the problematic steepness of the escarpment slope, as well as the generally large scale of buildings set in spacious plots. Yarborough Road and The Avenue are the dominant roads in the Character Area, and form part of an inner ring road that carries traffic connecting radial roads entering the north of the city with Carholme Road, Long Leys Road and Newland in the west. A small number of individual or groups of properties in the area are accessed along narrow tracks or driveways, such as the houses to the west of the roundabout in the north of the area, and numbers 38, 41 and 42 Long Leys Road. The area is composed of small to medium sized urban blocks, many of which extend outside of the area, forming part of a grid pattern of mostly Late Victorian/Edwardian streets and houses to the north and south. Several urban blocks are partially defined by footpaths, meaning access is comparatively more difficult than for pedestrians. Late Victorian/Edwardian properties in the Character Area consist of large-scale properties, mainly located on the upper parts of the escarpment slope as well as West Parade and The Avenue, and some short rows of terraced houses. Despite the varying scale and form of Late Victorian/Edwardian houses, properties have many common characteristics. Houses are built of brick laid in either English or Flemish bond. Properties have medium-to-high solid-void-ratios with vertical windows. Houses have active frontages with doors and/or windows overlooking the road, creating a feeling of activity along streets. Windows are mostly upvc or wood replacements, although many original wooden sash windows survive, especially on larger-scale properties. Windows have thin stone sills, many of which are painted white. The majority of windows have stone lintels with chamfered or carved decoration, although some houses have cambered and segmental brick arches. Roofs are mostly of slate, although some have been re-roofed in concrete tile. Larger-scale properties are highly individual in character, and are differentiated through variation in building form and scale as well as the incorporation of a variety of decorative features. Buildings are detached and semi-detached houses. Properties are either a tall two storeys or three storeys in height, and are mostly two substantial bays in width, although some of the largest properties are up to four bays in width. The majority of buildings appear to have been constructed as individual build units, illustrated by their individual nature of their form and decoration. Properties are located in large rectangular plots orientated perpendicular to the road. Houses are set back between three and fourteen metres from the footway, with properties on the steepest part of the slope set back the furthest. The majority of plots are defined by brick walls, with the exception of the limestone boundary wall at number 26 Carline Road, and mature borders. Properties have gardens and/or driveways to the front, many of which have mature trees and vegetation that partially screens buildings from the road. The front boundaries of plots on the steepest part of the escarpment are defined by brick retaining walls, and frequently only have pedestrian access at the front of their plots. Consequently car access is often to the rear of properties where peripheral road infrastructure permits, such as Alexandra Terrace and Carline Road. Large-scale buildings set Page 6 of 20

6 within large plots create a coarse grain in much of the townscape, leading to a low overall building density and an open sense of enclosure along much of Yarborough Road and The Avenue. The open sense of enclosure increases around major junctions (e.g. at the intersection of Long Leys Road), and decreases around steeper parts of the escarpment with elevated building lines on the uphill side of the slope. A number of large-scale properties have original wooden sash windows, some of which have multi-paned upper sashes above single or paired windows, such as number 96 West Parade. Several houses, particularly on projecting rectangular bays, have pairs of vertical windows. Front doors on houses are either located centrally on the front façade, as pairs on semi-detached properties or between two bays on detached houses, or are located on the sides of properties. Entrances to the side either are set back from the front façade but remain facing towards the front of plots, or face the neighbouring plot. Entranceways are usually set within a recessed or projecting porch, and are grand in appearance with heavy carved stone lintels or ornate wooden porches. Houses located on steeper parts of the escarpment have entranceway above exposed basement levels, requiring a series of steps to the front or side of the house. Basement levels often have entrances, usually in the form of a solid door. A number of steps have been replaced during the Modern Period. Figure 2 Rendered three storey Late Victorian/Edwardian properties on Yarborough Road with projecting rectangular and canted bay windows and shared second-floor balcony. The front of the property is obscured by a large-scale modern external stairwell built in modern orange brick Large-scale Late Victorian/Edwardian houses vary considerably in decoration and built form. Houses frequently have projecting wings, many of which have ornate gable ends facing the road, and/or one to three storey bay windows. Bay windows are mostly canted or rectangular bays, but there are a small number of bow shaped bays (e.g. numbers 8 and 13 The Avenue). Two distinctive V-shaped bay windows, which maintain the pattern of traced houses whilst allowing for a slightly reduced building plot, are located on numbers 19 and 21 Carline Road. The projections are built of brick, stone or wood, and are plain or loosely classical in style. Bay windows are roofed in a variety of manners, including flat roofs occasionally with low brick/stone parapets, hipped lead/slate roofs, and swept or convex lead roofs (e.g. number 26 Carline Road). A number of taller south-facing properties have tall bay windows with balconies. Several houses have distinctive projecting features such as the gothic tower at number 2 Yarborough Road and the oriel window at number 26 Carline Road. Many properties retain cast-iron railings or cresting along balconies and projecting bay roofs respectively. A limited number of houses in the area have ceramic or stone date stones with the building s year of construction. Page 7 of 20

7 Figure 3 Rising pattern of house facades and chimneys up Yarborough Road Roofs on large-scale properties are mostly gabled with their ridgelines running parallel to the street, although several houses have hipped roofs. Many roof structures incorporate projecting gabled or hipped features at eaves level on the front façade, often above projecting wings, bay and other windows. The features often form blind dormer windows at eaves level. Several properties in the Character Area have dormer windows set wholly within the roof space, or more infrequently, at the front of the building spanning the eaves line. The style of dormer often replicates the architectural style of the buildings (e.g. the polygonal dormer and bay windows with applied timberwork at number 5 The Avenue) although some modern dormers are plainer in style (e.g. the large cubic dormers at The Avenue). Gable ends facing the street are frequently highly individual in style, such as the Dutch style gables at numbers 13 The Avenue and 102 West Parade, and the ornate wooden balconies set into gable ends at numbers Yarborough Road. The apexes of roofs are frequently decorated with a ceramic, wooden or metal finial. Eaves and verges are often deep and are simply decorated with wooden brackets or brick dentilation. Roofs are mainly of Welsh slate, although a small number of houses have been re-roofed with concrete tile. Large-scale properties have tall brick chimneys, the majority of which are built within or projecting from the gable wall, although a few are built within the house avoiding the ridge. Several chimneys have recessed brick panels and over sailing brick courses (e.g. number 15/17 The Avenue). Roofs and chimneys form a repeating pattern along streets, which is accentuated by the rise and fall of the hill slope. Two identical modern apartment buildings, located at numbers 53-59, are similar in scale and aspect to surrounding large-scale Late Victorian/Edwardian buildings. However, the properties occupy a larger rectangular grassed plot aligned parallel to the road. In addition, the buildings are plain in form and decoration with synthetic stone quoins, and brick dentilation in the verges. Page 8 of 20

8 Figure 4 Pair of identical modern apartment blocks at Yarborough Road with undefined central plot boundary and grassed plot Smaller-scale terraced houses are located in less prominent positions in the Character Area, such as along Belle Vue Terrace and Yarborough Crescent in the far north of the Character Area, as well as terraced houses at numbers Yarborough Road. Terraced properties are two storeys in height and two/three bays in width, and form strong and continuous building lines along streets. Houses are set back 2-3m from the footway and are located towards the front of short rectangular plots that run perpendicular to the road. The majority of forecourts are defined by low brick walls, although several of which along Yarborough Road have been demolished to allow for car parking. A small number of terraced houses are arranged in short rows at right angles to roads (e.g. numbers Belle Vue Road, 18,20,32 and 34 Yarborough Road, Ashlin Grove and 27 North Parade). Page 9 of 20

9 Figure 5 Strong building line of north facing terraced properties up Yarborough Road Rows of terraced houses mostly comprise single or a small number of build units of between two and eight houses. Houses within build units are usually similar in form and decoration leading to short but coherent building lines and façades. Different build units of Late Victorian/Edwardian terraces vary considerably in form and decoration. Plainer and smaller, two storey two bay width, properties are located in the far north of the area, along Belle Vue Road and Yarborough Terrace. The houses have plain eaves and verges, and little or no decoration on the front façade. Houses are usually accessed through shared entranceways (e.g. number 1-9 Bellevue Road) or are entered at the rear via a shared passageway serving an entire row (e.g Bellevue Road). Terraced houses along Yarborough Road and Yarborough Terrace are comparably larger in scale, being up to three bays in width and three storeys in height. The properties are more ornate in style, with canted or rectangular bay windows, moulded and/or dentilated brickwork in the eaves, and stone dressings in the form of window lintels and semi-circular arches above recessed porches. Roofs often have gable ends or blind dormers facing the street with applied timber framing or timber decoration. Roofs on Late Victorian/Edwardian terraced houses are gabled, and mostly have their ridgelines running parallel to the road, except some more prominent rows, which have their gable ends facing the street (e.g Yarborough Road). Chimneys are built of brick and are built in the gable/party wall passing through the ridgeline. Stacks vary is size according to the scale of terraced houses, being larger and more decorative (e.g. over sailing courses) on larger and more prominent properties. Ellis Mill is a landmark building in the Character Area, and is a conspicuous component of the historic skyline of Lincoln when approached from the south and west. The building is a tower mill of 3 floors with 4 sails, ogee domed wooden cap and fantail. The mill, which was restored by Lincoln Civic Trust in is built of brick, and is painted black. The interior is accessed by a door at ground floor level with horizontally sliding square windows with stone sills and segmental arches above. Remaining properties in the area include a development of Post-War council houses along the south of Yarborough Road, a modern residential development along Belle Vue Road, and several individual detached houses dating from the Inter-War Period to the Modern Period. Detached houses are individual in style and form. Properties are located along the north side of Long Leys Road, and along the upper parts of Yarborough Road. The houses vary from one to two storeys in height, and are set within rectangular plots orientated perpendicular to the road. Houses along Yarborough Road are set back as much as 33m from the footway at the back of steep plots with large gardens to the front, whereas those along Long Leys Road are set more to the front of less steep plots. Page 10 of 20

10 Properties are generally very plain in decoration, with few projections and plain eaves and verges. Gabled and hipped roofs vary in pitch and are of variety of materials including concrete and ceramic tile and slate. Properties are brick-built in stretcher bond, with the exception of number 39 Long Leys Road, which has vertically stack-bonded brickwork laid as stretchers. Figure 6 Vertically stack bonded brickwork laid as stretchers on number 39 Long Leys Road The development of 12 semi-detached council houses off the south side of Yarborough Road is highly coherent in character. Houses are set back between eight to thirteen metres from the road, and are located towards the front of deep plots that extend down slope to the rear. Properties are semi-detached, and are built of brick with hipped tile roofs. Buildings have two projecting wings to the front either side of a pair of entrances set beneath a shared single gabled porch. Properties have active frontages facing Yarborough Road, and have high solid-to-void ratios with horizontal upvc windows. First-floor windows are set high up beneath shallow eaves. Houses are plain in character with no apparent decoration. Page 11 of 20

11 Figure 7 Post-War Council housing down slope of Yarborough Road The modern residential development along Belle Vue Road consists of mainly detached houses set in small plots aligned obliquely to the road to maximise views off the escarpment. The buildings are set back from the footway with small forecourts which allow for parking. The houses are built of a light orange brick and are plain in character, with no apparent decoration. Houses have shallow pitched concrete tile roofs. Streets in the Character Area are two lanes in width, and appear to be in good condition. Connecting roads, such as Carline Road, Long Leys Road and Yarborough Road, are comparably wider than cul-de-sacs (e.g. Yarborough Terrace and Belle Vue Road). Roads are tarmac and have modern concrete kerbs and channels, with the only exception of the private road Theodore Street, which has York Stone kerbs and gutters. Road noise, much of which derives from Yarborough Road, is conspicuous throughout of the area. Street furniture is mostly modern, including tall steel street lighting, wooden telegraph poles, traffic lights, steel fencing around some junctions, and steel street signage. However, some original or replica cast-iron features survive, including the Post-War railings along north side of Whitton Park, the handrails leading form Yarborough Road to North Parade and Ashlin Grove, and the letterbox on the corner of Queen s Crescent. Some cast-iron street nameplates survive, although many have been replaced by modern freestanding steel signs. Much of the Character Area consists of open space, with large spacious gardens around houses alongside substantial areas of open public space within and bordering the Character Area. Private gardens have mature trees and vegetation, and create a suburban feeling of green space throughout much of the area. Page 12 of 20

12 Figure 8 View north of Liquorice Park, with allotments in the foreground The Character Area includes Liquorice Park, an area of south-west facing rough grassland and scrub that has developed on land formerly used as allotments. Groups of volunteers have cleared pathways and created habitat features described as Wetland, butterfly area, spring meadow, summer meadow, orchard and copse. The southern part of the site bordering Yarborough Road is still used as allotments. In addition, the area borders West Common and Whitton Park, which front Long Leys Road and Yarborough Road respectively. The large open spaces, contribute to the open and suburban character of the Character Area, and helps soften the transition between the rural landscape to the west and the central urban area to the east. Views There are far reaching southerly views off the north escarpment, particularly from elevated areas of the Character Area. Views consist of west Common in the foreground and more distant rural views out towards the Belvoir Vale. Views along streets up the escarpment slope are characterised by elevated and rising building facades, whereas those down streets include descending patterns of rooftops and chimneys. A viewing platform has been built at the top of Liquorice Park beside Carline Road, at the highest point overlooking open space. Page 13 of 20

13 Figure 9 Southerly views of Lincoln s rural hinterland Condition of Buildings and Streetscape Many buildings along Yarborough Road are in poor condition, with the several buildings suffering from neglect and/or structural problems. Several properties were undergoing renovation at the time of survey, many of which were under conversion to multiple tenant occupancy Late Victorian/Edwardian properties have had a high proportion of original materials replaced with Modern substitutes, in particular windows, doors and rainwater goods. However, many Late Victorian/Edwardian houses properties retain their original cast-iron house nameplates and number signs. Use Much of the Character Area consists of residential housing; however, a number of properties in the south of the area have been converted for commercial use as offices and accommodation (e.g. Nursing Home). Yarborough Road and The Avenue are important and heavily used roads in the Character Area, acting as part of an inner city bypass between western and northern parts of the city. Much of Liquorice Park is inaccessible scrubland and rough grassland; however, the southern part of the site is used as allotments and there is well-established and maintained access to parts. Relationship to City and Surrounding Areas The area is well connected to the inner city as well as the more suburban and rural areas to the west. As a result, the area forms a long linear transition between the city centre and the suburban/rural fringe. Yarborough Road carries high volumes of traffic, acting as a western entrance and exit to the city centre. The gently increasing building scale towards the city centre creates a feeling of arrival. Buildings within the Character Area, particularly those facing south (e.g. Late Victorian/Edwardian villas and the Ellis Mill) are an integral part of Lincoln s skyline when viewed from the south. The restored Ellis Mill in particular contributes strongly the city s historic skyline, notably when viewed alongside other large-scale landmark buildings such as the water tower and the Cathedral. Key Townscape Characteristics Yarborough Road Character Area lies to the west of Lincoln s historic core and spans almost the full height of the north escarpment slope Dominated by large scale individually styled Late Victorian/Edwardian buildings, which benefit from extensive views off the escarpment slope as well as a close location to the city centre. Page 14 of 20

14 Late Victorian/Edwardian properties originally formed part of a high-status suburb within easy reach of the city centre. Small contained areas of later infill and redevelopment are located within the area Many elements of the area s historic development survive in the current townscape, including: o West Parade follows the line of an earlier Roman road o o 13 th century, if not earlier, line of Long Leys Road Alignment of former early Industrial field boundaries in the townscape o Remains of a former 19 th century brick pit o Restored early Industrial Ellis windmill Yarborough Road and The Avenue form part of an inner ring road Gradient of the escarpment slope strongly influences many elements of the urban form, such as the size of housing plots, accessibility, road layout, the aspect of buildings Large scale buildings sat within large plots creates a coarse grain to much of the townscape, leading to a low overall building density and an open sense of enclosure Late Victorian/Edwardian properties in the Character Area include large-scale properties, and some short rows of terraced houses and have many common characteristics: Built of brick laid in English or Flemish Bond Medium to high solid void ratios with vertical windows Active frontages with doors and/or windows overlooking the road upvc or wood replacement windows although many original wooden sash windows survive Thin stone windowsills many of which are painted white Moulded stone or brick window lintels with chamfered or carved decoration, Slate roofs Form, scale, and decoration of larger scale Late Victorian/Edwardian properties is highly individual: Detached and semi-detached Tall two storeys or three storeys in height, and two-four substantial bays in width Buildings appear to have been constructed as individual build units, Located in large rectangular plots orientated perpendicular to the road Set back between three and fourteen metres from the footway Plots are defined by brick walls and mature borders Gardens and/or driveways to the front Plots on the steepest part of the escarpment are defined by brick retaining walls, and frequently only have pedestrian access at the front of their plots. Front doors on houses are either located centrally or to the side Frequently have projecting wings, one to three storey bay windows, and ornate gable ends facing the road, and/or. Mainly gabled roofs of Welsh slate with ridgelines running parallel to the street, although several houses have hipped roofs Tall brick chimneys Smaller scale terraced houses are located in less prominent positions and form strong and continuous building lines along streets Set back 2-3m from the footway, located towards the front of short rectangular plots that run perpendicular to the road. Forecourts defined by low brick walls, although several have been demolished to allow for car parking A small number arranged in short rows at right angles to roads Rows comprise single or a small number of build units of between 2 and 8 houses Houses within build units are usually similar in form and decoration Different build units of Late Victorian/Edwardian terraces vary considerably in form and decoration Gabled roofs ridgelines running parallel to the road Plainer and smaller two-storey two-bay width properties are located in the far north of the area Larger in scale terraced houses along Yarborough Road and Yarborough Terrace are three bays in width and three storeys in height, and are comparably more ornate Remaining properties in the area include a development of Post-Warcouncil houses, a modern residential development, and several individual detached houses dating from the Inter-War Period to the Modern Periods Detached houses are individual in character, vary from one to two storeys in height, and are set within rectangular plots orientated perpendicular to the road. Properties are generally plain in decoration Development of 12 semi-detached council houses is highly coherent in character. Houses are built of brick-built with hipped tile roofs, and are set back between eight to thirteen metres from the road. Buildings have two projecting wings to the front either side of a pair of entrances set beneath a shared single gabled porch. First-floor windows are set high up beneath shallow eaves. Houses are plain in character Houses within the modern residential development along Belle Vue Road are highly plain in character. The houses have small forecourts to allow for parking. Buildings have shallow pitched roofs of concrete tile and small single storey projections to the front The Character Area includes Liquorice Park, an area of south-west facing rough grassland and scrub that has developed on land formerly used as allotments. In addition the area borders West Common and Whitton Park There are far reaching southerly views off the north escarpment, particularly from elevated areas of the Character Area. Views along streets up the escarpment slope are characterised by elevated and rising building facades, whereas those down streets include descending patterns of rooftops and chimneys Many buildings along Yarborough Road are in poor condition, with the several buildings suffering from neglect and/or structural problems. Late Victorian/Edwardian properties have had a high proportion of original materials replaced Yarborough Road and The Avenue are important and heavily used roads acting as part of an inner city bypass between western and northern parts of the city Page 15 of 20

15 Appendix 1: Character Area Attributes Character Area Type: Residential Predominant Period: Late Victorian/Edwardian (1869 to 1919 AD) Secondary Period: Post-war (1946 to 1966 AD) Average Building Density: Medium Location Type: Inner suburbs Average Building Type: Semi-detached Page 16 of 20

16 Appendix 2: List of RAZs Intermediate distance roads Local roads Newland market Housing in Westcastle Housing in Newland suburb Causey Farm, Newland Common quarries in the cliff faces north-west and south of the city Windmills west of Bradegate Windmills west of Battle Place Broken Cross at Westcastle The Butts Newland boundaries Enclosures west of Newland The city's arable fields Enclosed pasture and meadow east and west of the city Un-enclosed pasture west of Newland, and West Common Working-class housing estates c in Newport, Newland, Butwerk Wigford and elsewhere Newly-built Victorian housing for the middle and upper classes c Middle Class house building between the Wars Animal processing industries Food processing industries and brewing industry Textile industries Brick and tile manufacture Lunatic Asylum (The Lawn Hospital) House of Industry, the Workhouse and House of the Girls' Friendly Society Intermediate road routes Local road routes The Jurassic Way Hill top activity Limestone uplands Potential western quaysides Northern hill slope area with springs and possible secular occupation Canabae outside east, north and west gates Legionary 'prata' and 'territorium' Northern and southern hill slopes An early hilltop enclosure? Roads entering the city Area of centuriation around the city Cemeteries Racecourse Kiln and associated industrial zone Possible occupation site near castle west gate Central elements of former Roman city and Roman network Land around city potentially usable for settlement and agriculture Intermediate distance roads Local roads Newland market Housing in Westcastle Housing in Newland suburb The Bishop's Garden Willingthorpe Common "diggings" in the cliff faces north-west and south of the city Windmills west of Bradegate Windmills west of Battle Place Broken Cross at Westcastle Newland boundaries Enclosures west of Newland Lincoln common fields Page 17 of 20

17 Appendix 3: List of Monuments Late Roman road. The Park (53.231, -0.54) The Wong, Yarborough Road/Queens Crescent (53.237, -0.55) Well, Ellis Mill, Mill Road (53.238, -0.55) Hill Cottage, off Burton Road (53.242, -0.55) 203 Yarborough Road (53.239, -0.55) Bellevue Terrace, Carline Road (53.235, -0.55) Yarborough Road (53.238, -0.55) 320 Burton Road, barn and stables (53.239, -0.55) 119 Yarborough Road, Orchard Guest House (53.235, -0.55) Allotments, Yarborough Road (53.235, -0.55) Liquorice Park, Yarborough Park/Carline Road (53.235, -0.55) Allotments, Yarborough Road/Hampton Street (53.236, -0.55) Allotments, Yarborough Road (53.235, -0.55) Yarborough Terrace (53.237, -0.55) 6-9 Belle Vue Road (53.236, -0.55) 20 Carline Road (53.235, -0.55) 7-9 Carline Road (53.236, -0.55) Yarborough Road (53.236, -0.55) 4-9 Yarborough Terrace (53.237, -0.55) Yarborough Road (53.237, -0.55) Yarborough Road (53.236, -0.55) 110 Yarborough Road & 16 Queens Crescent (53.237, -0.55) 171 Yarborough Road (53.238, -0.55) Yarborough Road (53.236, -0.55) 1-3 Yarborough Terrace and 5 Carline Road (53.236, -0.55) 23 & 25 Carline Road (53.236, -0.55) 126 Yarborough Road (53.237, -0.55) 159 and 161 Yarborough Road (53.238, -0.55) 163 Yarborough Road (53.238, -0.55) Yarborough Road (53.237, -0.55) Yarborough Road (53.238, -0.55) 1-3 Carline Road (53.237, -0.55) Allotment gardens, Theodore Street/Carline Road (53.236, -0.55) Yarborough Road (53.236, -0.55) 125 Yarborough Road (53.236, -0.55) Highfield, Burton Road (53.241, -0.55) Yarborough Road (53.240, -0.55) Yarborough Terrace (53.237, -0.55) Yarborough Road (53.240, -0.55) Theodore Street (53.237, -0.55) Yarborough Road (53.236, -0.55) 4-5 Belle Vue Road (53.236, -0.55) 8 Belle Vue Terrace (53.235, -0.55) 141 Yarborough Road (53.237, -0.55) Yarborough Road (53.236, -0.55) Foot road, Burton Road (53.242, -0.55) St Faith and St Martin CE Junior School, Hampton Street LN1 1LW (1) (53.235, -0.55) Thompsons Row, Belle Vue Road (53.236, -0.55) 1-8 Keyworths Row, Belle Vue Road (53.236, -0.55) Belle Vue Road, Carline Road (53.236, -0.55) 1-8 Belle Vue Terrace, Carline Road (53.235, -0.55) Belle Vue Cottages, Belle Vue Road, Carline Road (53.236, -0.55) Hampton Street (53.235, -0.55) Belle Vue House/ Lincolnshire Home for Girls/Penitent Females Home, Carline Road (53.236, -0.55) Windmill, Mill Road (53.240, -0.55) Windmill, Mill Road (53.240, -0.55) Yarborough Road (53.241, -0.55) Carline Road (53.236, -0.55) Wards Mill, Burton Road (53.242, -0.55) Page 18 of 20

18 Windmill, Burton Road (53.241, -0.55) Cliffgate (53.237, -0.55) Bradegate/Burtongate (53.248, -0.55) Carline Road (53.235, -0.55) Ellis Mill, Mill Road (53.238, -0.55) Footpath, Carline Road to West Common (53.237, -0.55) Yarborough Road (53.234, -0.55) 6 The Avenue (53.232, -0.55) The Avenue (53.232, -0.55) Yarborough Road (53.234, -0.55) Roman ditch, Newland Street West (53.231, -0.55) 20 The Avenue and 2-4 Yarborough Road (53.233, -0.55) 20 Yarborough Road and North Parade (53.234, -0.55) 12 The Avenue (53.232, -0.55) 10 The Avenue (53.232, -0.55) 8 The Avenue (53.232, -0.55) Yarborough Road (53.234, -0.55) 6-8 Yarborough Road, Clifton Villas (53.233, -0.55) The Avenue (53.233, -0.55) 27 The Avenue (53.233, -0.55) 22 Yarborough Road (53.234, -0.55) Yarborough Road and Ashlin Grove (53.234, -0.55) 102 West Parade (53.233, -0.55) 94 and 96 West Parade (53.232, -0.55) 15 and 17 The Avenue (53.232, -0.55) 24 and 26 Yarborough Road (53.234, -0.55) 9-11 The Avenue (53.232, -0.55) 16 The Avenue (53.233, -0.55) 18 The Avenue (53.233, -0.55) West Parade (53.232, -0.55) Yarborough Road (53.234, -0.55) 13 The Avenue (53.232, -0.55) Yarborough Road (53.233, -0.55) Yarborough Road (53.233, -0.55) 5 The Avenue (53.231, -0.55) 7 The Avenue (53.232, -0.55) 14 The Avenue (53.233, -0.55) 92 West Parade (53.232, -0.55) 2 & 4 The Avenue (53.232, -0.55) 67 Newland/1 The Avenue (53.231, -0.55) Giant Lane (53.234, -0.55) Newland Street West (53.232, -0.55) Page 19 of 20

19 Appendix 4: List of Ecological Sites Whittons Park Hobbler's Hole and Newt Hollow Land to Rear of Hill Cottage The Lawn Workhouse Burial Ground Yarborough Road Allotments Hill Cottage Meadow Page 20 of 20

20 Appendix 5: Historical Components which influence the current character Field Boundary / Early Industrial Road / Roman Military School / Inter-war Windmill / Early Industrial Page 21 of 20