3.7: Contemporary Photographs

Transcription

1 3.7: Contemporary Photographs Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 80

2 Photo 3.01 Shop 105 Skene Street. Source: Kevin Krastins Photo 3.02 Shop 124 Skene Street. Source: Kevin Krastins Photo 3.03 underside press metal shop verandah 105 Skene Street. Source: Kevin Krastins Photo 3.04 Shop at 89 Skene Street. Source: Kevin Krastins Photo 3.05 Streetscape view of south side of Skene Street looking east from Gold Diggers Arms Hotel. Source: Kevin Krastins Photo 3.06 streetscape view of Skene Street looking east from Pescott Street. Source: Kevin Krastins Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 81

3 Photo 3.07 Gold Diggers Arms Hotel cnr Pescott Street and Skene Street. Source: Kevin Krastins Photo 3.08 streetscape view of Skene Street looking west from Pescott Street. Source: Kevin Krastins Photo 3.09 Rear of Gold Diggers Arms Hotel a Stone Pine, Pinus pinea tree. Source: Kevin Krastins Photo 3.10 Streetscape view looking south up Cumberland Street towards Skene Street. Source: Kevin Krastins Photo 3.11 Streetscape view of east side of Pescott Street. Source: Kevin Krastins Photo 3.12 Bluestone Kerb and channel Pescott Street. Source: Kevin Krastins Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 82

4 Photo 3.13 Kenwith Park off Pescott Street.. Source: Kevin Krastins Photo 3.14 Streetscape view west side of Manning Street. Source: Kevin Krastins Photo 3.15 Bluestone kerb and channel Little Pescott Street. Source: Kevin Krastins Photo 3.16 Streetscape view of Aberdeen Street looking east. Source: Kevin Krastins Photo 3.17 View of Edwardian dwelling at 21 Manning Street. Source: Kevin Krastins Photo 3.18 Federation dwelling at 67 Skene Street. Source: Kevin Krastins Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 83

5 Photo 3.19 looking south up Manning Street from Skene Street. Source: Kevin Krastins Photo Skene Street. Source: Kevin Krastins Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 84

6 SECTION 4 4 Hermitage Heritage Precinct 4.1 Precinct Boundaries The Hermitage Heritage Precinct is located in the area bounded by Hermitage Road to the east, Skene Street to the north, Manning Street to the west and Retreat Road to the south, in the Parish of Moorpanyal, County of Grant. The Hermitage Heritage Precinct is comprised of sixteen properties located in Newtown. 4.2 Historical Evidence (refer to historical figures at the rear of this section) The Initial Years In 1837, Newtown and Chilwell formed part of the earliest suburb in the Geelong area, then under the control of New South Wales. Early in that year, Governor Bourke of New South Wales visited Geelong and with him came the Government Surveyor, Robert Hoddle. As a result of that visit, Henry Wilson Smythe was sent over from Sydney with instructions to survey a site between Corio Bay and the Barwon River for a township and streets. The plan drawn up by Smythe was revised by Hoddle and signed by him on the 21 st August In 1837, Chilwell with its grassy slopes extending to the Barwon River and its magnificent red gum trees studded along the river valley, and New-Town, with its commanding view of Corio Bay and Point Henry presenting one of the finest panoramas in the district was described by early visitors to Geelong as a delightful place for a village Early Land Holdings and Developments The first sale in Newtown occurred by 3 October 1839, making available land bounded by today s Shannon Avenue, Aberdeen and Pakington Streets and the Barwon River, mostly 25 acre blocks, except for the irregular river allotments of Section V, Parish of Moorpanyal (Figures 4.01 and 4.02). 3 Sales by auction and private contract continued slowly throughout The area was known as New Town. Land in the vicinity of Section VII, Parish of Moorpanyal, was first sold in 1839 in 25 acres allotments and by 1854 the area of Newtown was sparsely populated with some larger residences. 4 Some subdivision of these larger allotments took place in 1851, however more activity occurred in 1853 when 363 allotments covering approximately 75 acres were offered for sale. 5 Edward Curr was the first purchaser of Allotment 6, Section VII, Parish of Moorpanyal, County of Grant which cost him 100 at the Crown land sales in Melbourne October 3, The allotment 1 The Earlier Days of Newtown and Chilwell page 5. 2 City of Newtown and Chilwell Centenary page3. 3 Model Borough An Introduction to old Newtown and Chilwell by Gladys Seaton p13. 4 P.L. Brown, Building and Early History of the Hermitage, Geelong Advertiser, 21 December 1960; Moorpanyal Parish Plan, source: Geelong Heritage Centre, 1989; Plan of Geelong 1854, source: Public Record Office Victoria, Ref: VPRS 8168 Historic Plan Collection, Roll Geelong Advertiser, 24 April 1851, p. 3; Brownhill, W.R. & Wynd, I., The History of Geelong and Corio Bay With Postscript, Geelong Advertiser, 1990, p Prepared by the City of Greater Geelong 85

7 contained 25 acres and had a frontage of one thousand links to what is now Pakington Street (Figure 4.01). 6 Other allotments were purchased by some of Victoria s earliest pioneers, including J.P Fawkner and James Austin. During 1844, subdivision of suburban land became more common. Both Ashby (Geelong West) and Newtown were sold in this way, sometimes in building sites, at others in one acre lots. This led to an increase in the population. By 1846, New Town (as it was then named) had a population of 256 and Irish Town (further south between Belfast Street and Pakington Street) of 135. By 1849 Nicholas Fenwick, the former Police Magistrate of Geelong, was the owner of the eastern part of Allotment 6 between Manning and Pakington Streets. 7 According to Philip Brown, noted Geelong historian, Fenwick purchased the block and built his house before leaving for England in April On 24 th April, 1851, a large advertisement appeared in the Geelong Advertiser for the sale by auction of the Hermitage, lately the residence of N. Fenwick, Esquire (Figure 4.03). Fenwick s property was subdivided into 32 lots. The Mansion House was described in Lot 14 and a three-stalled stable and coach-house in Lot The Hermitage subdivision plan of 1852 indicating the land west of the site (primarily with a frontage to Hermitage Road) is shown in Figure Although the advertisement referred to Fenwick s residence, the owner and subdivider was probably Frederic Hitchins, partner of J.B. Hutton, the agent for the auction. The 1851 subdivision also included part of Allotment 5, to the north of Allotment 6, and stretching to the present day Skene Street. 10 It has not been confirmed how many and which allotments were purchased by George Armytage in 1851, however, an 1850s plan of the Hermitage Estate shows Hermitage, The Residence of G. Armytage Esq. stretching from Pakington Street to Hermitage Road in the west and possibly including the land facing Retreat Road in the south (Figure 4.05). No other buildings, boundaries or allotments are shown to the north of Armytage s residence as far as Skene Street therefore it is possible that Armytage may have purchased this area as well. 11 The photo of the Armytage House in c 1870 or c1900 is shown in Figure Hermitage Heritage Area Land in the Hermitage Heritage Area was progressively sold and developed from the 1850 s. In 1852, six villa allotments were 6 P.L. Brown, Building and Early History of the Hermitage, Geelong Advertiser, 21 December 1960; Moorpanyal Parish Plan, source: Geelong Heritage Centre, Ian Wynd, What s in a Name, Investigator, Journal of the Geelong Historical Society, Vol. 21, No. 3, September 1986, p. 81; Brown, P.L. (ed.), Clyde Company Papers, Vol V, Oxford University Press, London, 1963, pp. 602, P.L. Brown, Building and Early History of the Hermitage, Geelong Advertiser, 21 December 1960; Geelong Advertiser, 24 April 1851, p Geelong Advertiser, 24 April 1851, p P.L. Brown, Building and Early History of the Hermitage, Geelong Advertiser, 21 December Plan of The Hermitage Estate, 1852., Source: Geelong Heritage Centre, 1989, Ref: H29. Note: The date of this map is between 1851, when Armytage purchased the property, and when his new house was built. Prepared by the City of Greater Geelong 86

8 advertised for sale in the south-east corner of the Hermitage Estate, fronting Hermitage and Retreat Roads (Figure 4.04). 12 These allotments were not shown on Robert Balding map of the Geelong, South Barwon and Newtown in 1864 (Figure 4.06), although at an early period (possibly late 1860 s) a villa residence had been built for a Mr Wilkens (on lots 3 & 4 of the 1852 plan (Figure 4.05), while further north two allotments fronting Hermitage Road were offered for sale. The Hermitage Estate Plan (Figure 4.05) also shows other existing buildings to the north of the Estate. Fronting Skene Street near the corner of Skene and Manning Streets was an existing residence with a return verandah (and possibly with stabling adjacent to it), while near the corner of Skene Street and Hermitage Road was a long narrow building and a smaller outbuilding fronting Hermitage Road. No physical evidence of these buildings appears to survive today. By 1909, there were four residential allotments fronting Hermitage Road, two lots fronting Skene Street (south side) and a large allotment fronting the north side of Retreat Road. These allotments which had been sold at some earlier time are shown on the subdivision plan for the neighbouring Overton Estate (Figure 4.09). Land in the area was considered to be highly valuable at this time, as declared in the description on the Overton estate plan for 1909 as follows: Persons who are wanting Allotments now, or in the future, are reminded that delay is foolish, as before very long values in Newtown will have so considerably increased, in consequence of the scarcity of GOOD allotments, such as those now for sale that is soon will be next to impossible to secure land at all without going very far out. By the 1930 s, the west side of Hermitage Road was characterized by a mix of substantial and modest Victorian and Federation era dwellings, as shown in an aerial photograph (Figure 4.10). No subdivision plans for the Skene Street properties in the precinct have been ascertained, although these allotments appear to have been laid out in the late 19 th century, given that the dwelling at 59 Skene Street was constructed in c Unlike the Hermitage Road properties, the Skene Street land was subdivided into smaller allotments Establishment of the Borough of Newtown and Chilwell By 1854, the suburban areas of Geelong were agitating for better treatment from the Town Council resulting in petitions to the Governor to form separate municipalities. The Municipality of South Barwon was the first to separate in 1857, followed by the Borough of Newtown and Chilwell on March 9, Three hundred and thirty six ratepayers and householders had signed the petition for Newtown and Chilwell Street Names Sales Plan hermitage Villa Lots Brownhill, W.R. & Wynd, I., The History of Geelong and Corio Bay With Postscript, Geelong Advertiser, 1990, pp. 96, Compiled from W Morrow and I Wynd Street Names of Geelong, unpublished database. Prepared by the City of Greater Geelong 87

9 There are a number of streets in the Hermitage Heritage Precinct that have names associated with previous owners of the land. Manning Street Manning Street is shown on the Overton Estate subdivision plan of 1909 with William Herbert Manning as it s trustee, so the only street in the subdivision took his name. Skene Street Skene Street is named after Alexander Skene ( ), Government Surveyor who took charge of the Geelong district survey office in He lived in a house called Skene House which was located at the south west corner of Skene and George Street on a large block of land. The location of Skene s property is shown in Figure Hermitage Road Hermitage Road is named after its association with Armytage House which was originally known as the Hermitage refer to Figure 4.03 (April 1851), Figure 4.04 (1852) and Figure 4.06 (1864). Retreat Road The 1858 Directory of Geelong shows that Retreat Road had taken this name by this time. No reference of Retreat Road is given in the 1854 directory so it is assumed that it was named between the two dates. It is known that The Grove, located in Retreat Road, was the site of volunteer encampments during the Russian scare of the 1850s and an army drill hall was situated north of that site until relatively recently; therefore it is possible that the road obtained its name from the Army s use of the word retreat - the place to which troops retired at night when retreat was sounded. 15 Building Owners and Construction Dates The Overton Estate real estate subdivision plan of 1909 shows a number of notable Hermitage Road residents including J. Belcher, (who owned a number of properties in Hermitage Road, Skene Street and Manning Street), R. Purnell, (who served as a Councillor for Geelong City Council between 1915 to 1931 including a term as Mayor in and possibly connected to the Purnell Builders and Architects of Newtown, W. A Tombs, Geelong Architect who was a partner of the firm Tombs and Durran, Marcel Conran (who served as a Councillor for the City of Newtown and Chilwell between the period of June 1888 to 1889 and with Geelong City Council between 1896 to ), A C Clutterback (who was probably a Councillor for the City of Newtown between and Mayor ) and H. A. Anderson. By the early 20 th Century the Hermitage Heritage Precinct was made up of a mix of residents of varying socio-economic circumstances. At the higher end of the scale was the professional class. These residents included gentleman Andrew Templeton of 59 Skene Street and the wool broker Marcel Conran of 6 Hermitage Road. 15 ibid 16 Geelong 150 Years of Community leadership prepared by Norman Houghton for City of Greater Geelong Sesquicentenary October 1999 page ibid 18 ibid page 19 Prepared by the City of Greater Geelong 88

10 The middle class residents included Arthur Charles McKewan (bank accountant) who resided at 22 Retreat Road and the newspaper proprietor Robert George Foyster who resided at 65 Skene Street. Geelong Waterworks & Sewerage Trust (GWST) Field Books c The Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Plans of c show the extent of buildings within the heritage area (Figure 4.12). By 1912 the field books (prepared by the Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust) indicate owners and their occupations, building layouts together with outbuildings (if any), setbacks (front, side and rear) as illustrated in Figures All the buildings shown in the Field Books in the Hermitage Heritage Area are detached, double or multi fronted, many with verandahs with regular front and side setbacks. Those buildings which survive today include the following: 22 Retreat Road Keram, is largely intact (outbuildings shown have subsequently been demolished). 59 Skene Street Gleniffer, (has a recent carport constructed to the east side of the dwelling). 2 Hermitage Road Hallyburton, (has a recent carport constructed to the north side of the dwelling). 6 Hermitage Road The Bungalow, remains largely intact. 12 Hermitage Road Moorak, remains largely intact. 10 Hermitage Road Myrtleholm, (has an early/introduced hipped roofed wing at the front. The balance of the verandah to this dwelling remains intact). 61 Skene Street, (the verandah has recently been enclosed). 65 Skene Street Roselands, (a sympathetic recessive two storey addition has recently been constructed). A table of the original construction dates of the dwellings and the original owners is given as follows. This data has been collated from various Directories, Geelong Water and Sewerage Trust Field Books and Borough of Newtown and Chilwell Rate Books. Property Address Date of Original Building Owner Construction 2 Hermitage Road c John H Belcher 4 Hermitage Road c James C Renton 6 Hermitage Road c maybe pre Marcel Conran Hermitage Road c maybe pre 1895 Robert Purnell (also Architect/designer) 12 Hermitage Road c Clara L Williams 16 Hermitage Road c Athelstone Margetts 22 Retreat Road c Arthur C McKewan 59 Skene Street c maybe pre Andrew Templeton Skene Street c Caleb Mountjoy 65 Skene Street c Robert G Foyster 20 Manning Street c Gertrude L Briggs 22 Manning Street c Ernest H Stuart Prepared by the City of Greater Geelong 89

11 4.3 Physical Evidence Building Character & Appearance The Hermitage Heritage Precinct is entirely a residential area comprising sixteen dwellings. Eleven of those dwellings relate to the historic evolution of the area in the late 19 th and early-mid 20 th centuries. Refer to Volume 2 for an illustrated Inventory of each dwelling. Height The dwellings in the heritage area are predominantly single storey in appearance and height (Photo 4.01 and 4.02) apart from the introduced two storey dwellings at 14 and 22 Hermitage Road and 63 Skene Street, and the prominent Federation era dwelling at 22 Retreat Road (Photo 4.12). Form, Design and Scale, Construction and Finish The dwellings in the Hermitage Heritage Precinct comprise a variety of architectural styles that reflect residential development of the area throughout the Victorian, Federation and to a lesser degree interwar period. The 19 th Century era dwellings are Victorian and Late Victorian in style (examples include 59 Skene Street and 10 Hermitage Road) and largely of the following type: Asymmetrical/Symmetrical facades. Hipped and/or gabled roof forms with a 30 degree pitch. Galvanized corrugated steel roof cladding. Ogee form or half round gutters. Square edged timber weatherboard cladding. Cast iron verandah valances with timber posts. Timber framed front doorways (with timber framed sidelights and highlights). Narrow eaves (with decorative timber brackets). Corbelled brick chimney. timber framed double hung windows (arranged singularly, paired or as tripartite windows), The early 20 th century era buildings are largely designed in Edwardian and Federation styles: The Edwardian buildings in the precinct reflect the following key characteristics: Asymmetrical facades. Recessive hipped roof forms, and a gable and front verandah that projects towards the street, some with front verandahs formed under the main roof. Alternatively, broad hipped, gabled or gambrel roof forms. Strapped and/or corbelled brick chimneys. The verandahs are largely supported by timber posts and feature decorative timber fretwork valances and brackets. Timber framed double hung windows and timber framed doorways with sidelights and highlights. Timber joinery and roughcast gable infill. Most of these dwellings are constructed of horizontal timber weatherboards. Prepared by the City of Greater Geelong 90

12 Galvanized corrugated steel (non-zincalume) roof cladding pitched at degrees. Timber eave bracket and exposed rafters. Timber window hoods. Rounded picket fence or capped timber picket. Examples include the dwellings at 65 Skene Street and 2 Hermitage Road. The Federation era buildings in the precinct reflect the following key characteristics: Asymmetrical compositions with a diagonal emphasis caused by the composition of projecting gable roof forms and the return verandahs. Complex hipped and gable roof forms clad in slate, Marseilles terra cotta tiles or galvanized corrugated steel (non-zincalume) roof cladding pitched at degrees. Terra cotta roof ridge decoration and terra cotta finials. Unpainted red brick construction. Front oval window. Bowed projecting bay windows. Timber framed casement or double hung window. Dominant face red brick chimneys, commonly strapped with terra cotta pots. Decorative timber fretwork, brackets and posts to verandahs. Timber joinery and roughcast gable infill. Timber window hoods. Timber shingling. Examples of a more elaborate Federation dwellings include 6 (Photo 4.03) and 12 Hermitage Road (Photo 4.11). The interwar era dwellings are designed as interwar Bungalows and interwar Californian bungalows and include the following types: A gable or hipped roof form that traverses the site, together with a minor gable and/or verandah that project towards the street frontage or at the side. Timber framed double hung windows, arranged singularly, in pairs. Verandahs are mainly supported by timber posts and brick piers, or solely with brick piers. There are plain rectilinear brick chimneys, with some featuring rendered or soldier-coursed tops. The gable infill comprises timber shingles. Gable ventilator. Street facing gable. Constructed in horizontal timber weatherboards. Low pitched roof forms. Wide eaves with exposed timber rafters. Galvanized corrugated steel roof cladding. Interwar Bungalows with multiple hipped roof forms having front or side verandahs and several of the features listed for the interwar Californian Bungalows. An example of an interwar dwelling is 20 Manning Street. Prepared by the City of Greater Geelong 91

13 The Interwar and Postwar Old English Style in the precinct reflect the following key characteristics: Asymmetrical compositions. Steeply pitched roof gable forms composed in a complex form. Tiled roof cladding. Face brick including herringbone pattern brickwork. Elongated brick chimneys. Timber framed double hung windows. Pointed arched entrance openings. Corbelled brick gable ends. Low brick fence and geometrical steel trussed panels. Examples of Interwar Old English Style dwellings are located at 4 and 16 Hermitage Road.. Within the heritage area are a small number of introduced dwellings that do not relate to the character and appearance. These dwellings include 20 Hermitage Road for example and 57 Skene Street for example. Garages and Carports All the properties have front vehicle access. With the exception of No 20 Manning Street (Photo 4.07) and 2 Hermitage Road (recent carport), all garages and carports are well recessed and are not streetscape features. Significance of Dwellings Eleven of the sixteen dwellings (69%) within the Hermitage Heritage Precinct are considered to have significance within the area. The precinct also has five buildings that may have individual significance. Further details and a photograph of each of the dwellings are provided in the Inventory of Places in Volume 2. The properties that have individual Local Significance (C listing) are: 2 Hermitage Road. 12 Hermitage Road. 4 Hermitage Road. 22 Retreat Road. 6 Hermitage Road. The dwellings that have Contributory Significance (D listing) within the heritage precinct are: 10 Hermitage Road 59 Skene Street 16 Hermitage Road 61 Skene Street 20 Manning Street 65 Skene Street The properties that are not considered to have significance within the precinct are at: rear 6 Hermitage Road 57 Skene Street (fronting Manning Street) 14 Hermitage Road 63 Skene Street 20 Hermitage Road 22 Manning Street Prepared by the City of Greater Geelong 92

14 4.3.2 Urban Design & Engineering Infrastructure Layout and Subdivision The allotments within the Hermitage Heritage Precinct follow a traditional grid pattern layout of subdivision. The allotment sizes vary significantly within each street and the precinct as a whole. All of the original large allotments fronting Hermitage Road have been further subdivided since Setbacks Throughout the precinct are regular front setbacks. Most dwellings form a consistent front setback pattern. Narrow front and side setbacks exist on the properties located on Skene Street and Manning Street. There are generous setbacks for the properties located at No s 6, 8 and 10 Hermitage Road. Apart from very few dwellings that abut a side boundary, most dwellings have side setbacks with clear visual building separation. Engineering Infrastructure The Hermitage Heritage Precinct is characterized by some early engineering infrastructure. This includes early bluestone kerb and concrete channel on the east side of Hermitage Road (Photo 4.04) and Manning Street (east side) (Photo 4.07). There is no early or original infrastructure in Skene Street or Retreat Road. Front Fences The Hermitage Heritage Precinct has a substantial number of introduced front fences. The Skene Street properties are characterized by low (1.0 metre) to medium height fences (1.5 metres) (Photos 4.08 and 4.09), this similarly occurs in Hermitage Road. The few fences that relate to the era and design of the dwellings include the picket fence at 10 Hermitage Road (although introduced) and the low brick and steel fence at 4 Hermitage Road (Photo 4.05). Landmarks Key landmarks are the Federation dwelling located at 6 Hermitage Road (Photo 4.03) noted for it s large frontage (132 foot or 40.2 metres) and large setback devoid of any front fence and landscaping and the two storey transitional Federation and Interwar Bungalow dwelling located at the corner with Retreat Road Landscaping There are street trees and grassed nature strips located in Hermitage Road (Photo 4.01) and grassed nature strip on the east side of Manning Street. Skene Street is devoid of any street trees and grassed nature strip. The setbacks to the properties include grassed areas, often bordered with flower beds or shrubbery and trees on the larger allotments. The exception is No 6 Hermitage Road (Photo 4.03) which has no front landscaping apart from a grassed area. Prepared by the City of Greater Geelong 93

15 4.4 Statement of Cultural Significance The Hermitage Heritage Precinct is significant for its predominantly intact Late Victorian, Federation/Edwardian and interwar era dwellings of varying scales and elaboration. Originally part of the substantial Hermitage (later known as Armytage House) landholdings established in the mid 19 th century, the area was initially developed from 1852 as the Hermitage Estate, comprising a small residential subdivision. No dwellings from this early period survive, but the subsequent subdivisions in the late 19 th century were the impetus for the development of the late 19 th and early 20 th century era dwellings that survive today. These dwellings are primarily single storey and have detached compositions, hipped and/or gabled roof forms, front or return verandahs, corrugated sheet metal, slate and terra cotta tile roof cladding, horizontal timber weatherboard and face brick wall construction, and detailing reflective of the stylistic eras in which they were built. Other significant features of the area include the highly recessive carports and garaging, and the bluestone kerbs and channels on the east sides of Hermitage Road and Manning Street. Local heritage landmarks in the area include the substantial single storey residence at 6 Hermitage Road and the two storey dwelling at 22 Retreat Road. The Hermitage Heritage Precinct is architecturally and aesthetically significant at a LOCAL level (AHC criterion D.2). It demonstrates original and early design qualities associated with the residential development of the area from the late 19 th century until c.1940 These qualities are expressed in the Late Victorian, Edwardian/Federation, interwar Bungalow styled and Old English dwellings that are both single and two storey in appearance and have predominantly detached compositions. The buildings include the following design characteristics: hipped and gabled roof forms (with simple or complex roof outlines having a pitch between 25 and 40 degrees), front or return verandahs, corrugated galvanised steel, tiled and Marseilles terra cotta tile roof cladding, horizontal timber weatherboard wall construction, brick chimneys (detailed to reflect the design era), brick cladding and brick verandah supports, terra cotta roof ridge decoration and terra cotta finials, timber shingling, timber joinery and roughcast gable infill, narrow or wide eaves, timber verandah posts with decorative cast iron or timber brackets and/or valances, timber framed or casement or double hung window, and the rear and side location of carports and garaging. Overall, these dwellings constitute 69% of the building stock in the area. The substantial single storey residence at 6 Hermitage Road and the two storey dwelling 22 Retreat Road are local heritage landmarks. The early bluestone kerb and concrete channel on the east side of Hermitage Road and bluestone kerb and concrete channel (east side) in Manning Street contribute to the significance of the area. The lack of a visual presence of garages and carports from the street frontages further retains the aesthetic heritage values of the area. The Hermitage Heritage Precinct is historically significant at a LOCAL level (AHC criteria A.4, H.1). It is associated with important eras of residential development after the subdivision of the area from the 1850s, and particularly in 1909 and during the interwar (c ) period. Allotments in the first subdivision were sold from 1852 as the Hermitage Estate. The land had originally been part of the Hermitage, a substantial early Victorian estate known as Armytage House from the 1850s. The late 19 th and early 20 th century development of the area is embodied in the surviving dwellings. Overall, the Hermitage Heritage Precinct is of LOCAL significance. Prepared by the City of Greater Geelong 94

16 4.5: Hermitage Heritage Precinct Map Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 95

17 4.6: Hermitage Precinct Historical Figures Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 96

18 Parish of Moorpanyal Plan 1850 s Figure 4.01 Parish of Moorpanyal Plan 1850 s Source: Geelong Heritage Centre. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 97

19 Portion of the Parish of Moorpanyal Newtown and Chilwell Figure 4.02 Portion of the Parish of Moorpanyal to illustrate Newtown and Chilwell Source: Model Borough An Introduction to Old Newtown and Chilwell by Gladys Seaton pages Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 98

20 Geelong Advertiser April 24, 1851 Figure 4.03 Sales by Auction of The Hermitage indicating 32 lots. Source: Extract from Geelong Advertiser 24 April Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 99

21 Hermitage Villa Lots 1852 Newtown Heritage Study Review, July 2009 Volume 1 Figure 4.04 Hermitage Villa Lots dated 1852 showing the subdivision on the west side of Hermitage Road. Source: Geelong Heritage Centre, Maps and Plans Collection N53. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 100

22 The Hermitage Estate c Figure 4.05 Plan of the Hermitage Estate showing the villa s on the west side of Hermitage Road, Source: Geelong Heritage Centre, Maps and Plans Collection H29. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 101

23 Robert Balding Map of the Town of Geelong and Borough s of South Barwon and Newtown and Chilwell c 1864 Figure 4.06 Map of the Town of Geelong and Borough s of South Barwon and Newtown and Chilwell dated June 1864, showing the layout of streets in Aberdeen Street, Pakington Street, Hermitage Road and Retreat Street. Source: City of Greater Geelong Planning Strategy Unit Figure 4.07 The Hermitage c1870 or c1900. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 102

24 Geelong Town Properties Plan of Subdivision c. 1889? Figure 4.08 Plan of Subdivision Geelong Town Properties c1889? showing the subdivision along Skene Street and Aberdeen Street. Source: Geelong Heritage Centre Maps and Plans Collection, G15. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 103

25 Overton Estate Land Sales Plan c Figure 4.09 Plan of Subdivision Overton Estate Newtown showing the subdivision along Hermitage Street, Retreat Road, Skene Street and Manning Street. Source: Geelong Heritage Centre Maps and Plans Collection, N02. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 104

26 Aerial view of the Hermitage 1930 s Figure s aerial view of the Hermitage, showing Pakington Street, Retreat Road and Hermitage Road. View looking south west. Source: Geelong Heritage Centre, No 384. Figure aerial view of the Hermitage, showing Pakington Street, Retreat Road and Hermitage Road. View looking south. Source: State Library of Victoria Accession Number H91.160/910 Image Number ai Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 105

27 Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Plans No 97 Figure 4.12 Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Plans No 97 c Source: Barwon Water. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 106

28 Barwon Water Field Books c Hermitage Road Hallyburton new carport constructed at the front together with front fence Figure 4.13 Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Field Books Plan 166_007 Source: Barwon Water 6 The Hermitage Road The Bungalow Figure 4.14 Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Field Books Plan 166_005 Source: Barwon Water 10 Hermitage Road Myrtleholm 12 Hermitage Road Moorak owner R Purnell dwelling has an early/introduced hipped roofed wing at the front Figure 4.15 Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Field Books Plan 162_029 Source: Barwon Water Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 107

29 Barwon Water Field Books c Retreat Road Keram Figure 4.16 Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Field Books Plan 162_027 Source: Barwon Water 59 Skene Street Gleniffer new carport constructed to side of the dwelling. 57 Skene Street (now demolished and replaced with c dwelling) Figure 4.17 Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Field Books Plan 166_008 Source: Barwon Water 63 Skene Street Roslyn (now demolished replaced with two storey dwelling) 61 Skene Street (verandah now filled in) Figure 4.18 Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Field Books Plan 166_009 Source: Barwon Water Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 108

30 Barwon Water Field Books c Skene Street Roselands two second storey addition to the rear Figure 4.19 Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Field Books Plan 166_010 Source: Barwon Water Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 109

31 4.7: Contemporary Photographs Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 110

32 Photo 4.01 Streetscape view looking from Skene Street south up Hermitage Road. Source: Kevin Krastins Photo 4.02 Streetscape view looking south up Hermitage Road. Source: Kevin Krastins Photo 4.03 Front view of 6 Hermitage Road. Source: Kevin Krastins Photo 4.04 Bluestone kerb and concrete gutter east side of Hermitage Road. Source: Kevin Krastins Photo 4.05 No 4 Hermitage Road with early fence. Source: Kevin Krastins Photo Hermitage Road with fence pillars. Source: Kevin Krastins Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 111

33 Photo Manning Street with projecting carport. Source: Kevin Krastins Photo 4.08 Streetscape view of Skene Street looking west from Pescott Street. Source: Kevin Krastins Photo 4.09 Streetscape view of Skene Street looking west from Hermitage Road. Source: Kevin Krastins Photo 4.10 View east side of Hermitage Road looking at Armytage House and former stables. Source: Kevin Krastins Photo View of 12 Hermitage Road. Photo 4.12 View of 22 Retreat Road. Source: Kevin Krastins Source: Kevin Krastins Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 112

34 SECTION 5 5 William and Margaret Streets Heritage Precinct 5.1 Precinct Boundaries The William and Margaret Streets Heritage Precinct includes all the properties located in Margaret Street and the majority in William Street together with several properties on the west side of George Street (generally between William Street and Aphrasia Street) in the Parish of Moorpanyal, County of Grant. 5.2 Contextual Background Historical Evidence (refer to historical figures at the rear of this section) The initial Years In 1837, Newtown and Chilwell formed part of the earliest suburb in the Geelong area, then under the control of New South Wales. Earlier that year, Governor Bourke of New South Wales visited Geelong with Government Surveyor, Robert Hoddle. As a result of that visit, Henry Wilson Smythe was sent over from Sydney with instructions to survey a site between Corio Bay and the Barwon River for a township and streets. The plan drawn up by Smythe was revised by Hoddle and signed by him on the 21 st August Residential Developments Possibly the earliest residential development in the William and Margaret Streets area occurred in the early 1850s. The clay soil had attracted perhaps 20 brickmakers to the Great Western Road (now Shannon Avenue). 2 A high proportion of the fifty five residents listed in nearby Skene Street were labourers. 3 The rising population required additional housing to accommodate new residents and the demand for construction materials resulted in local men engaged to make bricks for the local housing needs. Land in the William and Margaret Streets Heritage Area was progressively sold and developed from the 1850 s. In 1853, Aphrasia Cottage together with two allotments fronting Government Road (Shannon Avenue) between William and Margaret Streets was advertised for sale. The cottage is shown on Lot 1 and Lot 2 as vacant (Figure 5.02). 4 The Newtown and Chilwell rate books indicates approximately forty (40) dwellings located in the heritage precinct (Figures 5.03 and 5.04). This included four dwellings located in George Street (no residential property addresses are shown in the rate books), twenty (20) dwellings in Margaret Street and seventeen (17) dwellings in William Street. These dwellings appear to be primarily small 2 to 4 roomed dwellings with the occasional larger more modest dwelling comprising five and seven rooms. While very little is known about their occupations they were most likley to have been working class people that earned a living from the various industries that were being established along the Barwon River or labourers associated with the building boom in Newtown. These dwellings were rudimentary in design as shown in the sketch plans in the Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Field Books of 1912 (Figure 5.15). 1 The Earlier Days of Newtown and Chilwell page 5. 2 Ibid p20. 3 Ibid p Plan of Aphrasia Cottage and Grounds c Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 113

35 The map by Robert Balding of the Borough of Newtown and Chilwell June 1864 indicates William Street and Margaret Street between West Melbourne Road (now Shannon Avenue) and George Street, together with Aphrasia Street shown on the map (Figure 5.05). 5 The two allotments for Aphrasia Cottage were not shown on this map. In June 1891, an application was made by Messrs Taylor Buckland and Gates on behalf of John Palmer to bring land that he owned bounded by Aphrasia Street (with a frontage of 115 feet and 8 inches), George Street and Margaret Street to be bought under the Transfer of Land Act 1890 (Figure 5.06). 6 By the Barwon Water Field Books indicate that there were less than half of the numbers of dwellings constructed from still remaining in the precinct area. These include the dwellings located at: 1 William Street, 2 William Street 3 William Street Esmond 5 William Street; 7 William Street; 20 William Street; 21 William Street; 22 William Street (existing); 25 William Street 26 William Street 34 William Street 6 Margaret Street (demolished 1948) 7 Margaret Street 18 Margaret Street 20 Margaret Street With the exception of the brick dwelling at 22 William Street, all of the above dwellings have since been demolished and the majority of sites redeveloped with interwar dwellings. Reel House Shown on the Barwon Water Field Books c is a CFBB (Country Fire Brigades Board) reel house that is identified on the front boundary of 23 Margaret Street (Figure 5.07). The building is likely to have been a subsidiary operation to the main fire station that was located on top of the hill in Pakington Street, Newtown. This reel house would have served as a back up for other equipment, given it was located some distance from the Pakington Street fire station. The reel house does not survive today. Quarries 5 Map of the Town of Geelong, Boroughs of South Barwon and Newtown and Chilwell 30 June Borough of Newtown and Chilwell Memoranda Book Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 114

36 The GWST Sewerage Plans (dated c.1915) show a quarry at the rear of the properties now addressed as 20 to 26 William Street. 7 A depression of over 13 feet or approx 4 metres is shown (Figure 5.08). While no details have been uncovered that identify the geological material extracted, it may have been bluestone or freestone, or more likely clay for brick making given the high number of brick makers living nearby. The operations based here were likely to have been small given the size of the area shown. While no details of the William Street quarry are shown on the map of the area by Robert Balding in 1864 (Figure 5.05) it is likely to have operated between the early 1850s to early 1900s. More broadly within Newtown, other stone quarries were developed from the early 1850s. They were situated north of Noble Street, west end of Noble Street near the Barwon River on a site known as Windmill Reserve, West Fyans Street both east and west of Shannon Avenue, Melvilles Quarry west end of Noble Street and others nearby including Camden Street. The material was used for the construction of roads, schools and churches notably Noble Street Wesleyan Church and use in the Geelong Queenscliffe railway in Interwar Development It was development from the interwar period that transformed the area in to the residential neighborhood that largely survives today. In c.1922, the George Street Estate Plan offered nine splendid vacant residential allotments for sale, together with one brick and weatherboard house of six rooms fronting Skene Street (Figure 5.09). 9 Land in the area was considered to be valuable at this time, as declared as follows: A few good points. All Lots face made streets. The Drainage is Perfect. The Terms are Exceptionally Easy. The Title is guaranteed perfect. Two minutes to Newtown Tram. Close to Schools and Colleges. There were three lots offered in William Street. No physical evidence of these buildings appears to survive today. Dwellings were soon constructed after the sale with three allotments in William Street (Lots 8, 9 and 10) all constructed in c A further subdivision in the area of seven magnificent home sites was offered for sale by public auction in 1927 (Figure 5.11). Known as The Palmer Estate, with frontages to George and Margaret Streets, the land had been owned by Mrs E Palmer. 10 The sale notice included the following: All Lots face made streets. The Drainage is Perfect. The Title is Certificate. One minute to Newtown Tram. Close to Schools and Colleges. Lot 2 is already connected with Sewerage System. 7 Barwon Water Detail Plan No Model Borough An Introduction to old Newtown and Chilwell by Gladys Seaton pps Newtown George Street Estate Sale of 9 Residential sites April 1922?. Source: Geelong Heritage Centre Maps, Plans and Sale Notices Collection Folio 4/ Barwon Water Field Books c Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 115

37 Note: on Lots 1 and 2 is a brick house with a slate roof. This, with fencing will be sold for removal. The Plan of Subdivision LP shows a further subdivision of six lots fronting George Street and Margaret Street (Figure 5.12). The GWST Field Books indicate that there were outbuildings located on the land in Margaret Street and these were cleared by the time the land was offered for sale in c. 1927, with the exception of the brick house on lots 1 and 2 that was removed after the sale in the mid 1930s. 11 Development of the land in this heritage area was taken up slowly with the dwelling at 5 Margaret Street the earliest recorded constructed in c and 65 George Street in c with the remaining dwellings constructed in the late 1930s and By the late 1930 s, the west side of George Street and south side of Margaret Street was characterized by a mix of modest inter war and post war Bungalow era dwellings. Transport While located outside the precinct, Jeffrey s Newtown Inn (later known as the Fernery Hotel) on the north west corner of Shannon Avenue and Aphrasia Street attracted people to this side of Newtown. William Wright began a cab run between Jeffrey s Newtown Inn and the Market Square early in Other operators followed with competition that improved the mode of transport. An omnibus service began with a Sunday service operated by W Lane who ran four trips daily to Newtown. In 1886, on 16 August, William Walker began a regular service, five trips a day, between Jeffrey s Hotel and a bus stand in Moorabool Street. This business venture exceeded expectations. By 1889 the Victorian Municipal Directory s entry on Newtown and Chilwell stated that omnibuses went hourly to Jeffrey s Fernery and to Herne Hill, from Moorabool Street and cabs every half hour. With the arrival of electricity to Geelong in 1901, an electric tramway service commenced in 1912 with the Newtown tramway service to Newtown operating along Aphrasia Street terminating at West Melbourne Road (Shannon Avenue). The establishment of the electric tram service made travel to the Geelong city centre and Eastern Beach easy and efficient. Trams ceased operating in Geelong in early Building Owners and Construction Dates A table of the original construction dates of the dwellings and the original owners is given as follows. This data has been collated from various Directories, Geelong Water and Sewerage Trust Field Books and Rate Books. These relate to the historical evolution to the era including Victorian, Federation/Edwardian and Interwar dwellings. Property Address Date of Original Building Owner Construction 57 George Street c Michael Denno 61 George Street c William H Austin (tenant) 63 George Street c Edward G Freshwater 65 George Street c Michael Denno 67 George Street c Walter Stott 69 George Street c John R Teasdale 71 George Street c John Palmer? 11 Newtown City Council Rate Books ibid p64 Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 116

38 Property Address Date of Original Building Owner Construction 2 Margaret Street c John Kehoe 4 Margaret Street c John Kehoe 6 Margaret Street c John Kehoe 8 Margaret Street c John and Kathleen Kehoe 10 Margaret Street c William Ganim 12 Margaret Street c Ellis C Clarke 20 Margaret Street c Mary Ann Hayden 22 Margaret Street c Eric S McCallum 24 Margaret Street c Keith G Taylor 26 Margaret Street c Henry Denno 3 Margaret Street c Gordon P & Clarence R Kennett 5 Margaret Street c Michael J Denno 7 Margaret Street c Gwendoline Michael 11 Margaret Street c Walter Thomas 13 Margaret Street c Frederick Bennett possibly earlier 17 Margaret Street c William Humble 23 Margaret Street c Alfred McFarlane 25 Margaret Street c Alfred McFarlane 2 William Street c Edgar Moodie 4 William Street c Florence Cotton 6 William Street c Arthur H L Godfrey 22 William Street Possibly Henry Denno 24 William Street c Henry Denno 28 William Street c Mrs Sophia Denno 1/30 William Street c Mrs Sophia Denno 32 William Street c Michael J Denno 34 William Street c Herbert J Barker 36 William Street c John Brockman 1 William Street c Henry Denno 3 William Street c H Denno replaced by Annie Hosie 5 William Street c Denno (former) 7 William Street c George Burr (likely that this Victorian building was relocated to the site) 11 William Street c Herbert Barker 13 William Street c Ernest L Mitchell 15 William Street c John Hobbs 17 William Street c John McNeill 19 William Street c Albert G & Valerie L Courtous 21 William Street c. possibly 1925 Leslie G Neal 23 William Street c Johanna Brockwell 25 William Street c Gertrude Ellenor MaCauley Aerial photographs by Charles Pratt (an experienced pilot from the First World War) in 1936 show the number of dwellings that had been built in the precinct by this time (Figures 5.13 and 5.14). These dwellings as part of the interwar progress of the area are also shown on the Geelong Water and Sewerage Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 117

39 Trust Detail Plan No 98 (Figure 5.15). The view taken from Jeffries look out showing Sacred Heart Convent also provides a view of some of the buildings in the heritage area (Figure 5.10). By the early 1950 s the heritage area was characterized by predominantly interwar bungalow style dwellings. Early Owners The residents in the William and Margaret Streets Heritage Precinct were made up of a mix of residents from the middle but predominantly from the working class. The middle class residents was comprised of a engineer, chemist, traveler, clerk, teachers, dentist, auctioneer, and book keeper, including William H Austin, bookkeeper of 61 George Street, Ellis C Clarke, chemist of 12 Margaret Street, Eric McCallum, teacher off 22 Margaret Street, Arthur H L Godfrey, auctioneer of 6 William Street and John Brockman, engineer of 36 William Street. The working class was comprised of carpenter, plumber, labourer, wood merchant, draper, grocer, assembler and yardsman. These residents included Keith G Taylor, draper of 24 Margaret Street, Edgar Moodie, yardsman of 2 William Street, Joseph Kirby, salesman of 30 William Street and Herbert J Barker, engine driver of 34 William Street. History of Street Names 13 George, William and Margaret Streets George, William and Margaret Streets, Newtown, were named after the children of Patricius William Welsh - a Dublin doctor s son who at one time lived at Aphrasia Cottage which was located on the north east corner of Margaret Street and Shannon Avenue (Figure 5.02). Significant Figures associated with the early development of William Street and Margaret Street John Palmer and Mrs E Palmer 14 John Palmer was born in about 1833, son of John Palmer and Mary Groves. He was born in Middlesex, England. His occupation is listed as a plasterer. Palmer married Elizabeh Marsham in London, England in They had sixteen children John Charles, Elizabeth, Martha Carleton, Frederick Charles, Alice, Charles Frederick, William Henry, Mary Ann Matilda, William, Phoebe, Adelaide, Emily, Robert Ernest, Minnie, James Henry and Laura Caroline. Palmer died in October According to the probate in his will John Palmer owned Esmond a seven roomed brick house, land known as Knights, a four roomed cottage fronting Margaret Street, Donaghues Paddock in George and Aphrasia Streets that was used in conjunction with his plasterers business and other land in Aphrasia Street and in Torquay. According to the Barwon Water Field Books of c. 1913, Mrs E Palmer owned a substantial number of allotments including 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71 George Street, 2 3, 4, 5 and 7 Margaret Street. Seven allotments were offered for sale by public auction in The estate was known as The Palmer Estate (Figure 5.11). Mrs E Palmer is probably related to George Palmer who may have been a builder and owned property in nearby Skene Street. Heinrich Denno Compiled from W Morrow and I Wynd Street Names of Geelong, unpublished database. 14 Historical research undertaken by Susie Zada for the Newtown Heritage Review. 15 Historical research undertaken by Susie Zada for the Newtown Heritage Review. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 118

40 Denno was born about 1859, son of John Denno and Anna Tesling. He was born in Germany. His occupation was listed as a carpenter. Denno married Mary Ann Payne in about They had eleven children John Henry, Frederick William, Michael Joseph, Hannah Mary, John Henry Godfrey, Heinrich, William Joseph, Bernard, Stanley Leo, Christine Ruby and Harriet Mary. Denno died in Geelong in October The Denno s developed and owned a number of properties in the area. The inventory describes a Michael, Henry and Mrs Sophia Denno. Michael Denno owned 57, 65, George Street, 5 Margaret Street and 32 William Street, Henry Denno owned 26 Margaret Street, 1, 3, 5, 22 and 24 William Street. Mrs Sophia Denno owned 28 and 1/30 William Street, 5.3 Physical Evidence Building Character & Appearance The William and Margaret Streets Heritage Precinct is a residential area comprising twenty three (23) dwellings, two sets of units in Margaret Street and one set in William Street. Height The dwellings in the area are predominantly single storey in appearance and height (Photo s 5.01 to 5.04, 5.10 and 5.12) particularly as viewed from the street front. There are some single storey dwellings that have a two storey addition including: 69 George Street; 3 Margaret Street; 22 William Street; 27 William Street; and 29 William Street. Form, Design and Scale, Construction and Finish The dwellings in the William and Margaret Streets Heritage Precinct comprise Victorian, Edwardian, interwar era (Interwar Bungalow and Interwar Californian Bungalow) and post war Bungalow design buildings. Of particular prominence are the high concentrations of interwar Bungalows. Typical examples include the timber dwellings at 61 and 67 George Street, 1 and 4 William Street and 2, 5 and 22 Margaret Street. These dwellings largely have the following characteristics A gable or hipped roof form that traverses the site, together with a minor gable and/or verandah that project towards the street frontage or at the side. Timber framed double hung windows, arranged singularly, in pairs. Verandahs are mainly supported by timber posts and brick piers, or solely with brick piers. There are plain rectilinear brick chimneys, with some featuring rendered or soldier-coursed tops. The gable infill comprises timber shingles. Gable ventilator. Street facing gable. Constructed in horizontal timber weatherboards (some in brick). Low pitched roof forms. Wide eaves with exposed timber rafters. Galvanized corrugated steel roof cladding. The Post War era buildings c in the precinct reflects the following key characteristics: Asymmetrical compositions. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 119

41 Roof pitch between degrees with a gable forms composed in a complex form. Clay roof cladding. Face brick including herringbone pattern brickwork. Elongated brick chimneys. Timber framed double hung windows. Corbelled brick gable ends. Low brick fence. Examples of Post War era dwellings include the buildings located at 8 Margaret Street (built 1948), 10 Margaret Street (built 1946) and 24 Margaret Street (built 1949). Garages and Carports All dwellings have front vehicular street access. There are some introduced carports and/or garages that protrude forward of the dwelling that creates a visual impact on the streetscape. These include the units at 16 Margaret Street and 8 William Street. Significance of Dwellings Forty seven of the sixty dwellings (78%) within the William and Margaret Streets Heritage Area are considered to have significance. Further details and a photograph of each of the dwellings are provided in the Inventory of Places as Volume 2. The property that has individual significance is 11 Margaret Street. The dwellings that have contributory significance (D) listing within the heritage precinct are: 57 George Street 61 George Street 63 George Street 65 George Street 67 George Street 69 George Street 71 George Street 2 Margaret Street 3 Margaret Street 4 Margaret Street 5 Margaret Street 6 Margaret Street 7 Margaret Street 8 Margaret Street 10 Margaret Street 12 Margaret Street 13 Margaret Street 17 Margaret Street 20 Margaret Street 22 Margaret Street 23 Margaret Street 24 Margaret Street 25 Margaret Street 26 Margaret Street 1 William Street 2 William Street 3 William Street 4 William Street 5 William Street 6 William Street 7 William Street 11 William Street 13 William Street 15 William Street 17 William Street 19 William Street 21 William Street 22 William Street 23 William Street 24 William Street 25 William Street 28 William Street 1/30 William Street 32 William Street 34 William Street 36 William Street The properties that are NOT considered to have significance within the precinct are: Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 120

42 59 George Street 9 Margaret Street 14 Margaret Street 1/16 Margaret Street (units) 19 Margaret Street 21 Margaret Street (units) 8 William Street (units) 9 William Street 20 William Street 26 William Street. 27 William Street 29 William Street Urban Design & Engineering Infrastructure Layout and Subdivision The allotments within the William Street and Margaret Street Heritage Precinct follow a traditional grid pattern subdivision layout. The allotment sizes are generally uniform within the street and the precinct as a whole. Setbacks Throughout the precinct are regular front setbacks. There are a few exceptions including the dwellings at 13 Margaret Street, 14 Margaret Street, 20 Margaret Street, 22 William Street and 24 William Street which are all located close to the front boundary line. The Edwardian dwelling at 13 Margaret Street appears to face west towards Shannon Avenue. All dwellings have side setbacks with clear visual building separation. Engineering Infrastructure The William and Margaret Streets Heritage Precinct is characterised by some introduced engineering infrastructure (Photos 5.05, 5.08 and 5.09). There is bluestone kerb and coloured concrete channel in George Street and bluestone kerb and bluestone and concrete channel in Margaret Street. In William Street there is concrete kerb and channel. There are asphalt footpaths in George Street and Margaret Street. William Street has a concrete footpath. There are overhead power lines in all three streets within the heritage precinct. Front Fences The William Margaret Streets Heritage Precinct has a substantial number of introduced front fences. The William Street (Photo 5.01), Margaret Street (Photo 5.08) and George Street (Photo 5.11) properties are characterized by low (1.0 metre) to medium height fences (1.5 metres). The few fences that relate to the era and design of the dwellings include the timber post and woven wire fence at 4 William Street (Photo 5.12) and the original low solid brick fence at 11 William Street. There are a number of high fences up to 1.8 metres and low fences which are introduced. There are also some properties with introduced brick and timber infill fences, low timber picket or other fences that do not relate to the design and construction of the interwar and postwar dwellings. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 121

43 5.3.3 Landscaping Overall, the William and Margaret Streets Heritage Precinct is generally devoid of street trees and nature strips. In William Street there is a narrow nature strip but no street trees, in Margaret Street there is neither street trees nor grassed nature strip. In George Street on the west side there is similarly no street trees or nature strip, however, on the east side abutting sacred Heart Girls College there is well established landscaping including street trees. The setbacks to the properties include grassed areas, often bordered with flower beds or shrubbery and trees on the larger allotments. 5.4 Statement of Cultural Significance The William and Margaret Streets Heritage Precinct is significant as a distinctive residential area defined by modestly scaled interwar and postwar era dwellings, and to a lesser degree, Victorian and Edwardian era dwellings. Most of the dwellings are single storey with detached compositions, featuring hipped and/or gabled roof forms, front or side verandahs, corrugated sheet metal roof cladding, timber weatherboard, face brick and rendered wall finishes, and rudimentary architectural detailing, reflecting the original, predominantly working class population for which they were built. The grid subdivisions between the mid 19 th and early 20 th centuries were the impetus for building development, although the area was largely transformed during the interwar period into the residential neighborhood identified today. In 1922, the George Street Estate offered nine splendid residential sites. In the 19 th century, William Street also known as the location of a quarry used to make bricks. Evidence of this quarry may survive at the rear of the properties between 20 and 26 William Street. The William and Margaret Streets Heritage Precinct is architecturally significant at a LOCAL level (AHC criterion D.2). It demonstrates original and early design qualities associated with the residential development of the area from the early 20 th century until c These qualities are expressed in the few Edwardian houses and larger number of interwar and postwar Bungalow styled dwellings that are predominantly single storey in appearance with detached compositions. The buildings include the following design characteristics: hipped and gabled roof forms (with simple or complex roof outlines having a pitch between 25 and 35 degrees), front or return verandahs, corrugated galvanised steel roof cladding, horizontal timber weatherboard wall construction, brick chimneys (detailed to reflect the design era), brick cladding and brick verandah supports, narrow or wide eaves, timber verandah posts, timber brackets and/or valances, timber framed doorways with sidelights and highlights and timber windows arranged singularly, in pairs or bays. Overall, these dwellings constitute 78% of the building stock in the area. The William and Margaret Streets Heritage Area is historically significant at a LOCAL level (AHC criteria A.4, H.1). It is associated with important eras of residential development after the subdivision of the area in the mid 19 th century but in particular from after World War 1. It was from 1922 that the area was transformed into the residential neighborhood that largely survives today. It is highly likely that the quarry was used to make bricks from clay at the rear of the properties between 20 to 26 William Street. This provides an interesting contrast to the early housing that eventuated nearby. Mostly these 40 houses from the c s were rudimentary and small in size. Only one of these houses at 22 William Street survives today. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 122

44 The William and Margaret Streets Heritage Area is scientifically significant at a LOCAL level (AHC criterion C.2). The area has archaeological research potential given the previous quarry activity in William Street. Overall, the William and Margaret Streets Heritage Precinct is of LOCAL significance. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 123

45 5.5: William and Margaret Street Heritage Area Map Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 124

46 5.6: Aberdeen Street Precinct Historical Figures Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 125

47 Parish of Moorpanyal Plan 1850 s Figure 5.01 Parish of Moorpanyal Plan 1850 s Source: Geelong Heritage Centre. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 126

48 Plan of Aphrasia Cottage and Grounds c Figure 5.02 Plan of Aphrasia Cottage and Grounds, Newtown c showing Aphrasia Cottage and grounds on Lot 1 north east corner of Margaret Street and Government Road (Shannon Avenue). Source: Geelong Heritage Centre Maps and Plans Collection A44. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 127

49 Newtown Heritage Study: Precinct Occupants Occupier Owner Description GEORGE STREET HUMPHREY, John RAMSAY Vacant land & ruins COLLINS, John WOOD & RICE (agents) 2-roomed house and land Vacant land KNIGHT, George KNIGHT, George 4-roomed house & yard DAWSON, John WILLIAMS, William 2-roomed house & garden BENNETT McCANN, John 2-roomed house & land WELLER, Robert WELLER, Robert Vacant land SKENE, Alex J SKENE, A J MARGARET STREET HUNT, Henry HUNT, Henry 4-roomed house & land BURROWS, John BURROWS, J 4-roomed house & land TROTMAN, Sanders TROTMAN, S 2-roomed house REDMAN, Morris TROTMAN, S 2-roomed house TROTMAN, S 2-roomed house McQUAIN, Angus TROTMAN, S 4-roomed house WYLIE, John CARROLL, George 4-roomed house CARROLL, George CARROLL, George 4-roomed house STEWART, Henry STEWART, H 4-roomed house & garden PALMER, J PALMER, J 2-roomed house MARSHAM, Robert BARBER, William (agent) 4-roomed house HEBBARD, George BARBER, William (agent) 4-roomed house BARBER, William (agent) 7-roomed house BENNETT, Frederick BONNETTI, F 2-roomed house & shed WREN, J H (Carroll agent) 2-roomed house URICH, Albert WREN, J H (Carroll agent) 2-roomed house WREN, J H (Carroll agent) ROURKE, James 2-roomed house Vacant land McDONALD, D ADAMSON, M 3-roomed house ADAMSON, M 2-roomed house LONGMORE, Edward ADAMSON, M 2-roomed house LAURIE, James ADAMSON, M 2-roomed house BOSTOCK, John 4-roomed house Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 128

50 Occupier Owner Description WILLIAM STREET ADAMSON, Moses ADAMSON, M 2 houses & shed NAIRN, Joseph ADAMSON, M 2-roomed house & yard BURRELL, George ADAMSON, M 2-roomed house & kitchen SCOTT, Joseph (English Agent) 2-roomed house & ground COOK, Mary COOK, Mary 2-roomed house & brick yard WISEMAN, William ADAMSON, Moses 4-roomed house BROCKWELL, William ADAMSON, Moses 3-roomed house WILLIAMS, William WILLIAMS, W 2-roomed house WILLIAMS, William WILLIAMS, W 4-roomed house DAISY, John WILLIAMS, W 2-roomed house NICHOLSON, Donald CHAMPION, Fred 5-roomed house ADAMSON, Moses ADAMSON, M 3-roomed house & garden GRIFFIN, John GRIFFIN, John 3-roomed house & skillion CLARK, James WILLIAMS, W 3-roomed house WALKER, Henry G WILLIAMS, W 4-roomed house & garden CLINCH, Elizabeth Mrs CLINCH, E Mrs 2-roomed house DANIELS, George CLINCH, E Mrs 3-roomed house Figure 5.03 List of Occupiers/Owners and Description of the property for Margaret Street, William Street and George Street, Newtown. Source: Newtown and Chillwell Rate Books Inventory prepared by Susie Zada Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 129

51 Map of the Town of Geelong and Borough s of South Barwon and Newtown and Chilwell Balding Map 1864 Figure 5.05 Balding Map of the Town of Geelong and Borough s of South Barwon and Newtown and Chillwell dated June 1864, showing the layout of the streets in Aphrasia Street, West Melbourne Road (Shannon Avenue), William Street, Margaret Street and George Street. Source: City of Greater Geelong Planning Strategy Unit. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 130

52 Transfer of Land Act 1890 John Palmer Figure 5.06 Application made on behalf of John Palmer under the Transfer of Land Act Source: Geelong Heritage Centre, Borough of Newtown Chilwell Memoranda Book 1209/1A p15 Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 131

53 23 Margaret Street Geelong and Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Field Books c Figure 2.07 Barwon Water Field Books of 23 Margaret Street (top map) showing reel house (Country Fire highlighted above) located on front boundary of vacant land. Source: Barwon Water Field Books c Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 132

54 William Street Quarry c Newtown Heritage Study Review, July 2009 Volume 1 Figure 5.08 Quarry showing the location of the quarry at the rear of the properties at William Street. Source: Barwon Water Detail Plan no 98 c1915 Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 133

55 Newtown George Street Estate c Figure 5.09 Newtown George Street Estate 1922? Sale of 9 Residential sites April 1922? Source: Geelong Heritage Centre Maps, Plans and Sale Notices Collection Folio 4/32 Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 134

56 View of Newtown taken from Jefferies Look Out showing Sacred Heart Convent and other Buildings 1924 Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 135

57 The Palmer Estate c Newtown Heritage Study Review, July 2009 Volume 1 Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 136

58 Plan of Subdivision LP Newtown Heritage Study Review, July 2009 Volume 1 Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 137

59 Pratt photo State Library Victoria Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 138

60 Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Plan No 98 Figure 5.15 Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Plans No 98 c Source: Barwon Water Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 139

61 5.7: Contemporary Photographs Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 140

62 Photo William Street looking west from George Street. Source: Kevin Krastins April 2008 Photo William Street looking west from George Street. Source: Kevin Krastins April 2008 Photo Margaret Street looking west from George Street. Source: Kevin Krastins April Photo Margaret Street looking west from George Street. Source: Kevin Krastins April Photo Margaret Street infrastructure. Source: Kevin Krastins April Photo Margaret Street. Source: Kevin Krastins April Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 141

63 Photo Margaret Street. Source: Kevin Krastins April Photo Margaret Street east from Shannon Avenue. Source: Kevin Krastins April Photo Margaret Street bluestone kerb and concrete and bluestone channel. Source: Kevin Krastins April Photo William Street looking east from Shannon Avenue. Source: Kevin Krastins April Photo George Street looking south. Source: Kevin Krastins April Photo William Street. Source: Kevin Krastins April Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 142

64 Photo William Street c Source: Kevin Krastins April Photo William Street c Source: Kevin Krastins April Photo Margaret Street. Source: Kevin Krastins April Photo Margaret Street c Source: Kevin Krastins April Photo Hedge at 3 Margaret Street. Source: Kevin Krastins April Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 143

65 SECTION 6 6 Shannon Avenue Heritage Precinct 6.1 Precinct Boundaries The Shannon Avenue Heritage area includes all the properties fronting the eastern side of Shannon Avenue extending from Skene Street to the north to Queens Road to the south. The area also includes several properties located immediately east of Shannon Avenue in Aphrasia Street and one property facing William Street on the corner of Shannon Avenue and one in Queens Road, all in Newtown in the Parish of Moorpanyal, County of Grant. In all there are 35 properties located within the Shannon Avenue heritage area. 6.2 Contextual Background Historical Evidence (refer to historical figures at the rear of this section) The initial Years In 1837, Newtown and Chilwell formed part of the earliest suburbs in the Geelong area, then under the control of New South Wales. Earlier that year, Governor Bourke of New South Wales visited Geelong with Government Surveyor, Robert Hoddle. It was at this time when Newtown was described by early visitors as a delightful place for a village. 1 As a result of Hoddle s visit, Henry Wilson Smythe was sent over from Sydney with instructions to survey a site between Corio Bay and the Barwon River for a township and streets. The plan drawn up by Smythe was revised by Hoddle and signed by him on the 21 st August The first land sale on 3 October 1839, made available land bound by today s Shannon Avenue, Aberdeen and Pakington Streets and the Barwon River, mostly 25 acre blocks, except for the irregular river allotments of Section V, Parish of Moorpanyal 3. Sales by auction and private contract continued slowly throughout The area was first known as New Town. The first Crown owners acquired land from The first Crown land owner was R Sutherland who purchased 25 acres, north of Aphrasia Street, Section 7 Allotment 2 on 26 August J P Fawkner purchased 25 acres south of William Street, Section 7 Allotment 3 on the south side of William Street on 26 August W D Mercer purchased 25 acres on the north side of Queens Road, Section 7 Allotment 1 on 26 August G F Read purchased 25 acres, north of William Street, Section 7 Allotment 4 on the north side of William Street on 26 August 1840 (Figure 6.01). Residential Developments Land in the Shannon Avenue Heritage Area was progressively sold and developed from the 1850 s. The earliest building development in the area occurred before 1853 as it was at this time when Aphrasia Cottage, residence of the late P W Welsh, Esq., fronting Government Road (Shannon Avenue), was advertised for sale on the north-east corner of Margaret Street and Government Road (Shannon Avenue) (Figure 6.02). The sale notice appears to show a large two storey building with verandah and balcony surrounding at 1 City of Newtown and Chilwell Centenary page 3. 2 The Earlier Days of Newtown and Chilwell page 5. 3 Model Borough An Introduction to old Newtown and Chilwell by Gladys Seaton p 13. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 144

66 least two sides of the hotel. The hotel was also known as Edinburgh Castle Hotel. 4 No physical evidence of this building appears to survive today. The Map of Geelong by J.H. Taylor in 1854 does not show buildings in the area (Figure 6.03). Yet by 1864 William Street and Margaret Street (extending between West Melbourne Road (now Shannon Avenue) and George Street), together with Skene Street and Aphrasia Street had been laid out, as shown in the map by Robert Balding (Figure 6.04). 5 A major reason for development in this area was due to the West Melbourne Road (Shannon Avenue) being a principal transport route between Geelong and the south west, including Colac. It was also a route from the southwestern parts of the Geelong district to Melbourne. In 1887 a horse drawn omnibus operated along Shannon Avenue and one of the cab stands was located in West Melbourne Road between Aphrasia Street and Margaret Street (Figure 6.05). 6 Jeffrey s Newtown Inn later known as the Fernery Hotel located on the north west corner of Aphrasia Street and Shannon Avenue (directly opposite the area) was for many years probably the most celebrated among the suburban hotels. Attached to the hotel was a fernery and look out tower that stood 55 feet high and a skittle alley one of the first in Geelong (Figure 6.06). These additional attractions made the hotel an attractive place to visit. The hotel was also the terminus for the Newtown Hill omnibus which commenced in (Figure 6.05). There were many residents who regularly used the bus from their business to town. 8 The first license granted was to Thomas Jeffrey in 1856 until The hotel was eventually decommissioned in late 1922 and soon after demolished. The burst of growth prior to 1860 was followed by a period between 1861 and 1906 of very little population growth. 10 It was from 1902 when six lots were offered for sale on the west side of West Melbourne Road (Shannon Avenue) with Stintons Nursery identified opposite Laurence Street (now near 332 Shannon Avenue opposite Leslie Street) (Figure 6.08). 11 The subdivision plan LP 4993 c (Figure 6.09) shows the subdivision of nine lots in Shannon Avenue and Queens Road. Three lots are within the heritage area. The dwellings were constructed some time after the subdivision commenced from The Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Field Books for c.1912 indicate a number of buildings that had been constructed in the precinct by this time. A select number have survived including Aphrasia Street three dwellings at 104, 106 and 108 Aphrasia Street (constructed and possibly designed by the local architect, Frank Apted), 10 Queens Road, and 294, 296 and 322 Shannon Avenue. 4 The History of Geelong and Corio Bay with Postsripts 1955 to 1990 by Ian Wynd page Robert Balding Map of the Town of Geelong, Boroughs of South Barwon and Newtown and Chilwell 30 June Borough of Newtown and Chilwell Regulation No 1 c The History of Geelong and Corio Bay with Postsripts 1955 to 1990 by Ian Wynd page Ibid page Geelong Hotels and Their Licensees by W. J. Morrow and I. Wynd Geelong Historical Society 1996 pages City of Newtown Urban Conservation Study Volume 1 prepared by Context and Ors 1991 page Land sales Plan c Geelong Heritage Centre N40. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 145

67 Trams were introduced to Geelong in 1912 with the arrival of electricity. One of the first tram lines terminated at the intersection of Shannon Avenue and Aphrasia Street (Figure 6.19). 12 The construction of the tram line appears to have been an impetus for residential growth in the western part of Newtown with the properties on the western end of Aphrasia Street being constructed between 1908 to In Shannon Avenue the majority of properties were built from the mid 1920s. The Brooklyn Estate subdivision plan of 1923, shows Lilburne s shop on the north-east corner of Aphrasia Street and Shannon Avenue (Figure 6.13). The site today continues a commercial use as a car repair business. The site previously appeared to have operated as a service station and adjoining milk bar in the 1970s. 13 The Newtown tram terminus is also shown on the plan. The plan of subdivision LP for c (Figure 6.17) shows three lots subdivided south of William Street fronting Shannon Avenue. The Fernery Grove Estate of c subdivision plan (Figure 6.18) offered 12 residential sites for sale (eight blocks were offered in Fernery Grove and 4 blocks in Queens Road). This included Lot 2 (now 10 Queens Road), the residence of F V Higgins Esq. The plan shows houses fronting the east side of Shannon Avenue between Aphrasia Street and Queens Avenue and south side of Aphrasia Street. It also shows the Newtown Tram Terminus in Aphrasia Street. This subdivision was described in an auction notice [c.1939] as the choicest home areas at present available in Geelong, a unique subdivision. Advantages Fernery Grove has been made at the vendor s expense. The footpath will be asphalted at vendor s expense. Every facility available. Half -a-minute from the tram. 3 minutes to Geelong College. Perfect drainage. Close to Schools and Colleges 14. By 1940, Shannon Avenue was characterized by a mix of modest interwar and post war Bungalow era dwellings with Federation/Edwardian style buildings in Aphrasia Street and Queens Road. Building Owners and Construction Dates A table of the original construction dates of the dwellings and the original owners is given as follows. This data has been collated from various Directories, Geelong Water and Sewerage Trust Field Books and Rate Books. These relate to the historical evolution to the era including Victorian, Federation/Edwardian and Interwar dwellings. 12 History of the Geelong Electric Tramways by David J. O Neil page Ancedotal evidence from Kevin Krastins. 14 Fernery Grove Estate Newtown Auction Notice c Geelong Heritage Centre Maps, Plans and Sale notices Collection Folio F19. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 146

68 Property Address Date of Original Building Construction Owner 104 Aphrasia Street c Frank Apted 106 Aphrasia Street c Frank Apted 108 Aphrasia Street c Frank Apted 103 Aphrasia Street c R Balfour 105 Aphrasia Street c Oswald Weppner 107 Aphrasia Street c Otto Albers 109 Aphrasia Street Moonga c altered c Maria Giles 10 Queens Road Aroha also c Frank V Higgins 342 Shannon Avenue 290 Shannon Avenue c Edward Bonney 292 Shannon Avenue c Joseph Kirby 294 Shannon Avenue Milton c Edward J Bonney 296 Shannon Avenue c Arthur Bonney 300 Shannon Avenue c Leslie J Brownbill 304 Shannon Avenue c Joyce W Mockridge 308 Shannon Avenue c Nicholas J Cooke 310 Shannon Avenue c James Hendy 312 Shannon Avenue c Roy D Birdsey 314 Shannon Avenue c Robert F Cranstoun 316 Shannon Avenue c Percival H Treyvaud 318 Shannon Avenue c Frederick M Stock 320 Shannon Avenue c George O Cole 322 Shannon Avenue c Mary A Gillingham 324 Shannon Avenue c Peter Riley 326 Shannon Avenue c John Robin 330 Shannon Avenue c Frank Apted 332 Shannon Avenue c Frank Apted 334 Shannon Avenue c Frank Apted 336 Shannon Avenue c John Reed 338 Shannon Avenue c Isabella Lemke 342 Shannon Avenue c possibly A and A Norts Notable examples of interwar houses in the precinct include the dwelling at 10 Queens Road known as Aroha and constructed in , the Edwardian dwelling at 107 Aphrasia Street constructed in and the Late Federation dwelling at 105 Aphrasia Street. Aerial photographs by Charles Pratt (an experienced pilot from the First World War) in 1927 show distant views of the heritage area (Figure 6.16). In particular it shows a lack of dwellings between William Street and Margaret Street (particularly over the allotments now known as Shannon Avenue). The building development for the interwar period is also shown in the Geelong Water and Sewerage Trust Detail Plan No 98 (Figure 6.10), dated c Early Owners From the early 20 th century and throughout the 20 th century the Shannon Avenue Heritage Precinct was made up of a mix of the middle and to a lesser extent the professional and working classes. The middle class residents included James Y Allan, chemist of 104 Aphrasia Street, William Langford, clergyman of 105 Aphrasia Street, Otto Albers, teacher of 107 Aphrasia Street, Robert F Cranstoun, agent of 314 Shannon Avenue, Edward J Bonney, press photographer of 290 Shannon Avenue. The working class comprised of Edward J Bonney, butcher of 294 Shannon Avenue, Joyce W Mockridge, home duties of 304 Shannon Avenue and Arthur Bonney, carpenter of 296 Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 147

69 Shannon Avenue. The professional class residents included Frank V Higgins, solicitor of 10 Queens Road and Stanley R Roebuck, dentist of 103 Aphrasia Street. Significant Figures associated with the early development of Shannon Avenue Frank Apted 15 Frank Apted was born in March 1866, son of James Apted and Mary Webb. He was born in Surrey, England. His occupation is listed as a builder and Architect. Apted married Dorothy Lea Richards in about They had three children Dorothy Gwladys, Gwendoline Elsie and Frank Raymond that all lived in Geelong. Frank Apted died in Geelong in March Frank was a partner in the highly respected and well known Geelong Architectural firm of Hendy and Apted. They designed a number of residential and commercial buildings in Geelong and outside the region including: 128 McKillop Street (probably designed by Frank Apted); 343 Ryrie Street; Toren 36 Laurel Bank Parade; Residence for John Churches in Leopold; Electric Light and Traction Co. of Australasia (south west corner Brougham Street and Yarra Street); Mechanic Institute, Heathcote, Vic; No s 104, 106 and 108 Aphrasia Street (unconfirmed) (c. 1912); No s 322, 330, 332, 334 Shannon Avenue (c. 1925). The residential buildings that Frank Apted and his firm designed and/or constructed in the Shannon Avenue heritage area have been included in the list of significant buildings. History of Street Names 16 William and Margaret Street William and Margaret Streets, Newtown, were named after the children of Patricius William Welsh - a Dublin doctor s son who at one time lived at Aphrasia Cottage which was located on the north east corner of Margaret Street and Shannon Avenue (Figure 6.02). Aphrasia Street Aphrasia Street is named after the steamer Aphrasia the first steamer engaged in Bay service regularly between Geelong and Melbourne in Captain Henry Lawler, Master of the Aphrasia resided in Aphrasia Cottage (opposite the Miller Homes cnr Clarement Street). Queens Road The western part was always known as Queens Rd (west of Shannon Avenue) but the eastern end was formerly Queens Avenue. The street name was changed from Queens Avenue to Queens Road in West Melbourne Road (now Shannon Avenue) West Melbourne Road extended from Aberdeen Street to Church Street where it became Elgin Street. West Melbourne Road was renamed to Shannon 15 Bibliography familly report on Frank Apted prepared by Suzie Zada February Compiled from W Morrow and I Wynd, Street Names of Geelong, unpublished database. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 148

70 Avenue in July Shannon Avenue at that time began at the Princes Bridge on the Barwon River and ended at Aberdeen Street. 6.3 Physical Evidence Building Character & Appearance The Shannon Avenue Heritage Area is predominantly a residential area comprised of thirty-six (36) dwellings and one commercial building used to repair motor vehicles. Height The dwellings in the heritage area are predominantly single storey in appearance and height (Photo s 6.02, 6.09 and 6.12). Form, Design and Scale, Construction and Finish The dwellings in the Shannon Avenue Heritage Area comprise Edwardian/Federation and interwar era (Interwar Bungalow) design style buildings. There is a significant concentration of Edwardian/Federation in Aphrasia Street and interwar Bungalow era style dwellings in Shannon Avenue within this heritage precinct. The Edwardian buildings in the precinct reflect the following key characteristics: Asymmetrical compositions and three dimensional composition of the overall form of the building. Recessive hipped roof forms, and a gable and front verandah that projects towards the street some, with front verandahs formed under the main roof. Alternatively, broad hipped, gabled or gambrel roof forms. Strapped and/or corbelled brick chimneys. The verandahs are largely supported by timber posts and feature decorative timber fretwork valances and brackets. Timber framed double hung windows and timber framed doorways with sidelights and highlights. Timber joinery and roughcast gable infill. The dwellings are constructed of horizontal timber weatherboards. Galvanized corrugated steel (non-zincalume) roof cladding pitched at degrees. Timber eave bracket and exposed rafters. Timber window hoods. Rounded picket fence or capped timber picket fence. Examples of timber Edwardian buildings include 104, 106 and 108 Aphrasia Street (Photo 6.09) and 294 Shannon Avenue. The Federation era buildings in the precinct reflect the following key characteristics: Asymmetrical compositions and three dimensional composition of the overall form of the building. Complex hipped and gable roof forms clad in slate or galvanized corrugated steel (non-zincalume) roof cladding (some colourbond) pitched at 25 to 35 degrees. The dwellings are constructed of horizontal timber weatherboards. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 149

71 The verandahs are largely supported by timber posts and feature decorative timber fretwork valances and brackets and some verandah s include a side return. Bowed projecting bay windows. Timber framed or casement or double hung window Dominant face red brick chimneys, commonly strapped with terra cotta pots. Decorative timber fretwork, brackets and posts to verandahs. Timber joinery and roughcast gable infill. Timber window hoods. Timber shingling. Examples of more elaborate Federation dwellings include 105 and 107 Aphrasia Street and 322 Shannon Avenue (Photo 6.11 and Photo 6.12). The interwar era dwellings are designed as interwar Bungalows and include the following types: A gable or hipped roof form that traverses the site, together with a minor gable and/or verandah that project towards the street frontage or at the side. Timber framed double hung windows, arranged singularly, in pairs. Galvanized corrugated steel roof cladding and Marseilles terra cotta tiles. Verandahs are mainly supported by timber posts and brick piers, or solely with brick piers. There are plain rectilinear brick chimneys, with some featuring rendered or soldier-coursed tops. The gable infill comprises timber shingles. Gable ventilator. Constructed in horizontal timber weatherboards (some in brick). Low pitched roof forms. Wide eaves with exposed timber rafters. There is a high concentration of interwar Bungalows in Shannon Avenue. Examples of an interwar style Bungalow are the dwellings at 314 Shannon Avenue, 320 Shannon Avenue and 324 Shannon Avenue. Residential Garages and Carports The majority of dwellings have front vehicular street access. The exceptions are those dwellings located between No s Aphrasia Street which have rear laneway access. There are only a small number of carports and/or garages that protrude forward of the dwelling that creates a visual impact on the streetscape. Significance of Dwellings Thirty dwellings of the thirty four dwellings (88 %) within the Shannon Avenue Heritage Area are considered to have significance within the area. There are two buildings that have individual significance. Further details and a photograph of each of the dwellings are provided in the Inventory of Places Volume 2. The dwellings that have individual Local Significance C listing are: 105 Aphrasia Street; Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 150

72 107 Aphrasia Street; and 10 Queens Road. The dwellings that have contributory significance (D) listing within the heritage precinct are: 103 Aphrasia Street 104 Aphrasia Street 106 Aphrasia Street 108 Aphrasia Street 109 Aphrasia Street 290 Shannon Avenue 292 Shannon Avenue 294 Shannon Avenue 296 Shannon Avenue 300 Shannon Avenue 304 Shannon Avenue 308 Shannon Avenue 310 Shannon Avenue 312 Shannon Avenue 314 Shannon Avenue 316 Shannon Avenue 318 Shannon Avenue 320 Shannon Avenue 322 Shannon Avenue 324 Shannon Avenue 326 Shannon Avenue 330 Shannon Avenue 332 Shannon Avenue 334 Shannon Avenue 336 Shannon Avenue 338 Shannon Avenue 342 Shannon Avenue The properties that are NOT considered to have significance within the precinct are at: 298 Shannon Avenue 306 Shannon Avenue a Shannon Avenue (motor repair business) William Street (new units) Urban Design & Engineering Infrastructure Layout and Subdivision The allotments within the Shannon Avenue Heritage Precinct follow a traditional grid pattern layout of subdivision. The allotment sizes are generally uniform within the street and the precinct as a whole. Setbacks Throughout the precinct are regular front setbacks. Most dwellings form a consistent front setback pattern. All dwellings have side setbacks with clear visual building separation. Engineering Infrastructure The Shannon Avenue Heritage Precinct is characterized by some early engineering infrastructure. There is bluestone kerb and concrete and bluestone channel on the south side of Aphrasia Street. The remaining areas including Shannon Avenue have concrete kerb and channel Front Fences The Shannon Avenue Heritage Precinct has a substantial number of introduced front fences. The Shannon Avenue properties are characterized by medium height fences (1.5 metres) (Photo 6.06) to high fences (1.8 metres) (Photo 6.03 and Photo 6.07). The Aphrasia Street properties are characterized by low height fences (1.0 metres) to medium Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 151

73 to high height fences (1.5 to 1.8 metres) (Photo s 6.10, 6.11, 6.12 and 6.17). The few fences that relate to the era and design of the dwellings include the timber post and woven wire fence (although introduced) at 103 Aphrasia Street (Photo 6.12). There are also some properties with introduced high timber infill fences (particularly in Shannon Avenue), low timber picket or other fences that do not relate to the design and construction of the interwar and postwar dwellings. There are also several dwellings that have significant hedges that define the front boundaries including those at 314 and 324 Shannon Avenue Landscaping Within the narrow nature strip in Shannon Avenue and Aphrasia Street are planted Queensland Brush Box trees - Lophostemon confertus. The setbacks to the properties include grassed areas, often bordered with flower beds or shrubbery and trees on the larger allotments. There are several properties that have well developed hedges planted on their front boundary. 6.4 Statement of Cultural Significance The Shannon Avenue Heritage precinct is significant as a distinctive residential area defined by Edwardian, Federation and particularly interwar Bungalow dwellings fronting Shannon Avenue and the western end of Aphrasia Street. These dwellings are all single storey and detached, with simple or complex hipped and/gabled roof forms clad in corrugated sheet metal or terra cotta tiles. Constructed primarily of horizontal timber weatherboard wall cladding (with a smaller number built of face brick construction), the dwellings feature front or return verandahs, brick chimneys and architectural details reflective of the stylistic era in which they were built. Shannon Avenue, earlier known as the West Melbourne Road, developed as an important transport route in the mid 19 th century. Land subdivisions ensued, including further subdivisions in the early 20 th century. These subdivisions, together with the arrival of the tram line in 1912 that terminated at the intersection of Aphrasia Street and Shannon Avenue, appear to have been the impetus for residential growth in the area during the Federation and interwar eras. The Shannon Avenue Heritage Area is architecturally significant at a LOCAL level (AHC criterion D.2). It demonstrates original and early design qualities associated with the residential development of the area from the early 20 th century until c These qualities are expressed in the Edwardian/Federation and interwar Bungalow styled dwellings that are predominantly single storey in appearance and have predominantly detached compositions. The buildings include the following design characteristics: hipped and gabled roof forms (with simple or complex roof outlines having a pitch between 25 and 35 degrees), front or return verandahs, corrugated galvanised steel roof cladding and Marseilles terra cotta roof tiles, horizontal timber weatherboard wall construction, brick chimneys (detailed to reflect the design era), brick cladding and brick verandah supports, narrow or wide eaves, timber verandah posts, timber brackets and/or valances, timber framed doorways with sidelights and highlights and timber windows arranged singularly, in pairs or bays. Overall, these dwellings constitute 88% of the building stock in the area. The early engineering infrastructure of bluestone Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 152

74 kerb and channel in Nicholas Street also contributes to the significance of the place. The Shannon Avenue Heritage Area is historically significant at a LOCAL level (AHC criteria A.4, H.1). It is associated with important eras of residential development after the subdivision of the area in c.1850 s but in particular from early 1900 s until the late 1920 s period. The subsequent subdivisions from the early 20 th century and predominantly 1920 s subdivision witnessed the development of the interwar era dwellings that survive today. The construction of the tram line appears to have been an impetus for residential growth in the western part of Newtown, with the properties on the western end of Aphrasia Street (near Shannon Avenue) constructed between 1908 and In Shannon Avenue the majority of properties were built from the mid 1920s. Overall, the Shannon Avenue Heritage Area is of LOCAL significance. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 153

75 6.5: Shannon Avenue Heritage Area Map Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 154

76 6.6: Shannon Avenue Precinct Historical Figures Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 155

77 Parish of Moorpanyal Plan 1850 s Figure 6.01 Parish of Moorpanyal Plan 1850 s. Source: Geelong Heritage Centre. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 156

78 Plan of Aphrasia Cottage and Grounds 1853 Figure 6.02 Plan of Aphrasia Cottage and Grounds, Newtown dated 1853 showing Margaret Street and William Street. Source: Geelong Heritage Centre Maps and Plans Collection A44. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 157

79 J. H. Taylors Map c Newtown Heritage Study Review, July 2009 Volume 1 Figure 6.03 J. H. Taylors Map Source: Geelong Heritage Centre Maps and Plans Collection. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 158

80 Robert Balding Map of the Town of Geelong and Borough s of South Barwon and Newtown and Chilwell c Figure 6.04 Robert Balding Map of the Town of Geelong and Borough s of South Barwon and Newtown and Chilwell dated June 1864, showing the layout of streets in Aphrasia Street, West Melbourne Road (Shannon Avenue), William Street, Margaret Street and George Street. Source: City of Greater Geelong Planning Strategy Unit. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 159

81 Borough of Newtown and Chilwell Regulation No 1 c Figure 6.05 Borough of Newtown and Chilwell Regulation No 1 for Omnibus and CAB stands c Source: Geelong Heritage Centre. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 160

82 Fernery Bus possibly 1880 s Newtown Heritage Study Review, July 2009 Volume 1 Figure 6.06 Fernery Hotel Bus undated possibly 1880 s showing outside Fernery Hotel. Source: Geelong Heritage Centre Ian Wynd Collection. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 161

83 Transfer of Land Act 1890 John Palmer Figure 6.07 Application made on behalf of John Palmer under the Transfer of Land Act Source: Geelong Heritage Centre, Borough of Newtown Chilwell Memoranda Book 1209/1A p 15. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 162

84 Sale of 6 Valuable Properties c Figure 6.08 Estate Sale of 6 Residential sites May 1902 west side of West Melbourne Road (Shannon Avenue). Source: Geelong Heritage Centre Maps, Plans and Sale Notices Collection N40. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 163

85 Plan of Subdivision LP 4993 Newtown Heritage Study Review, July 2009 Volume 1 Figure 6.09 Plan of Subdivision LP 4993 Shannon Avenue and Queens Road c Source City of Greater Geelong Subdivision Plans. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 164

86 Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust No 98 Figure 6.10 Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Plans No 98 c Source: Barwon Water Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 165

87 Subdivision plan- Upper Skene Street, Newtown Figure 6.11 Upper Skene Street sale of land early s. Sale of 4 Residential sites 20 November. Source: Kerleys Auction Plans. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 166

88 Subdivisional sale of the Fernery Hotel, Newtown Figure 6.12 Fernery Hotel subdivision c Sale of 6 Residential sites December Source: Geelong Heritage Centre Maps, Plans and Sale Notices Collection F35. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 167

89 Brooklyn Estate Newtown c Figure 6.13 Brooklyn Estate Sale of 5 Residential sites March Source: Geelong Heritage Centre Maps, Plans and Sale Notices Collection B65. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 168

90 View of Newtown taken from Jefferies Look Out showing Sacred Heart Convent and other Buildings c.1924 Figure 6.14 View of Newtown taken from Jefferies Lookout (since demolished) showing Convent and other Buildings on Newtown Hill Source: Geelong Heritage Centre, Geelong Advertiser 16 May Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 169

91 The Palmer Estate c Figure 6.15 The Palmer Estate, Newtown. Sale of 7 Magnificent Home sites March Source: Geelong Heritage Centre Maps, Plans and Sale Notices Collection Folio10/292 Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 170

92 Sacred Heart College and Convent, Newtown c Figure 6.16 Sacred Heart College and Convent, Newtown with Geelong College in distance. Photo shows in the background the heritage area in c. 1927: Source: State Library of Victoria Accession Number H Image Number ai Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 171

93 Plan of Subdivision LP14109 Newtown Heritage Study Review, July 2009 Volume 1 Figure 6.17 Plan of Subdivision LP Shannon Avenue William and Margaret Street c Source: City of Greater Geelong Subdivision Plans. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 172

94 Fernery Grove Estate c Newtown Heritage Study Review, July 2009 Volume 1 Figure 6.18 Fernery Grove Estate, Newtown. Sale of 12 Residential sites July Source: Geelong Heritage Centre Maps, Plans and Sale Notices Collection Folio F19. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 173

95 Track and Route Layout 1912 to 1940 Onwards Figure 6.19 Electric tram track layout 1912 to 1940 onwards showing the Aphrasia Street tram route terminating at Shannon Avenue. Source: History of the Geelong Electric Tramways by David J. O Neil page 5. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 174

96 6.7: Contemporary Photographs Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 175

97 Photo 6.01 Side view of 314 Shannon Avenue. Source: Kevin Krastins April 2008 Photo 6.02 Shannon Avenue east side looking north. Source: Kevin Krastins April Photo 6.03 Shannon Avenue looking south from Margaret Street. Source: Kevin Krastins April Photo 6.04 Shannon Avenue looking north from Margaret Street with a view of the You Yangs in background. Source: Kevin Krastins April Photo 6.05 Shannon Avenue looking north from William Street. Source: Kevin Krastins April Photo 6.06 Shannon Avenue looking south from Skene Street. Source: Kevin Krastins April Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 176

98 Photo 6.07 West side of Shannon Avenue corner Aphrasia Street and Shannon Avenue former fernery Hotel site. Source: Kevin Krastins April Photo 6.08 East side of Shannon Avenue looking south from Aphrasia Street. Source: Kevin Krastins April Photo 6.09 Aphrasia Street north side from Shannon Avenue. Source: Kevin Krastins April Photo Aphrasia Street. Source: Kevin Krastins April Photo Aphrasia Street. Source: Kevin Krastins April Photo 6.12 Aphrasia Street south side. Source: Kevin Krastins April Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 177

99 Photo Shannon Avenue. Source: Kevin Krastins April Photo Queens Road. Source: Kevin Krastins April Photo 6.15 Shannon Avenue from Queens Road looking north. Source: Kevin Krastins April Photo 6.16 Shannon Avenue from Aphrasia Street looking north. Source: Kevin Krastins April Photo 6.17 Shannon Avenue from Aphrasia Street looking south. Source Kevin Krastins April Photo Shannon Avenue. Source: Kevin Krastins April Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 178