ARCHITECTURE IN/AS PRACTICE: the process, the professionals + the projects

Transcription

1 ARCHITECTURE IN/AS PRACTICE: the process, the professionals + the projects Unit Coordinator: Sara Stace, ph , staces@tpg.com.au THE FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, LANDSCAPE + VISUAL ARTS The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway Crawley WA 6009 Tel

2 ARCT5560 ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE 1 First semester 2007 ARCHITECTURE IN/AS PRACTICE: the process, the professionals + the projects CONTENTS 1.0 SEMESTER SCHEDULE INTRODUCTION Unit description 2.2 Staff 2.3 Communication 3.0 FACULTY POLICY & PROCEDURES GOALS/OBJECTIVES LEARNING OUTCOMES UNIT STRUCTURE/FORMATS ASSESSMENT Assessment mechanism Assessment criteria Submission of assignments Assignment 1: Test Assignment 2: Feasibility Study Assignment 3: Test READING Essential Relevant books Relevant journal articles Relevant Websites WEEKLY PROGRAMME 13 2

3 1.0 SEMESTER SCHEDULE wk date stage of service Lecture/workshop/seminar 1 Feb 27 Scope of Architects Services L Blurring the Design/Practice Divide 28 W Forming Teams 2 Mar 6 Transition + Registration L Becoming and Being (a) Professional 7 W Gaining Experience: Job applications, CVs, Registration 3 Mar 13 Pre-design: The Client L The ABC of Practice: architect, brief + client 14 W Sign Here Please: briefs, sketch design, (dis)agreements 4 Mar 20 Pre-design: Feasibilities L Testing the Water: Evaluating Feasibility INTRODUCE GROUP ASSIGNMENT 21 W Examples of Feasibilities for development + investment 5 Mar 27 Pre-design: Procurement L re-defining Project Procurement, Design + Delivery 28 W Working with Consultants + Authorities 6 Apr 3 Design: Site Analysis + Schematic Design Apr 10 L Lie of the Land: Outlining the Scheme 4 W IN-CLASS TEST 1 (30%) 11 7 Apr 17 Design: Design Development + Development Application L NO CONTACT WEEK Inside the Design Team: Refining the Project 18 W Feasibility Group Assignment Q+A 8 Apr 24 Contract Documentation L All in the Translation: Communicating the Design 25 W NO WORKSHOP Anzac Day 9 May 1 Contract Documentation L AB(I)Cs of Contracts 2 W Introducing construction contracts 10 May 8 Tendering + Negotiating L Coming to Terms: Executing the Contract 9 W ABIC-MW 1: understanding the gobbledegook 11 May 15 Contract Administration: Construction L SUBMIT GROUP ASSIGNMENT (30%) Getting it Built: What do I do on site anyway? 16 W IN-CLASS TEST 2 (40%) 12 May 22 Contract Administration: Post-Construction L Practically Complete: it s all over bar the shouting 23 W In-class Presentations: Feasibility Studies 13 May 31 NO SESSION: FOLIO WEEK Lectures (L): Tuesdays 2:00 3:50pm in Austin Lecture Theatre (Arts, main campus) Workshops (W): Wednesdays 1:00 1:50pm in Hew Roberts Lecture Theatre (EDFAA) 3

4 2.0 INTRODUCTION 2.1 Unit description With the aid of the Practice Services Advisory Notes as a primary text, the unit is intended to be a kind of applied model of architectural practice, centring upon the holistic and dynamic process of design in order to make visible the connections and interdependencies not only between participants but also between the parallel and complementary facets of architectural practice: between the creative and the technical, professional, contractual and legal. Roles, rights and responsibilities of architects, clients, consultants and contractors are foregrounded in this overview of practice from project inception to post-construction. Focusing upon the everyday experience of architectural practice, the lectures for the semester are structured generally in accordance with the RAIA Scope of the Architect's Services. While this often serves as a companion document to a contract between client and architect, it also provides a useful checklist of the primary (as well as numerous supplementary) services undertaken by an architect and thus describes explicitly the processes characterising everyday practice. The range of core services discussed and illustrated throughout the semester are those included within the sequential stages of service: pre-design; site analysis; schematic design/development application; design development/development application; contract documentation; tendering and negotiating; contract administration: construction; and contract administration: post-construction. 2.2 Staff All lectures and workshops in this unit are delivered by the Unit Coordinator, Sara Stace. Staff contact details Unit Coordinator: Sara Stace Telephone: staces@tpg.com.au Staff consultation in non-contact hours The Unit Coordinator will be available for student consultation on matters arising in the unit immediately after each class lecture or workshop. Students may arrange longer meetings out of hours. 2.3 Communication Communication from staff to students may occur by so students should ensure (a) that they activate a University Pheme account and student account (b) that they check their account regularly (at least weekly) (c) that they communicate with University staff ONLY through their student account (Staff have been advised not to respond by to any other addresses). 3.0 FACULTY POLICY AND PROCEDURES Policy and Procedural information for the Faculty is available on the web at: GOALS/OBJECTIVES Business! What a dilemma! If you try to please people, you become corrupt and sell yourself; if you do what you feel you must do, you cause displeasure and create a void around yourself. Le Corbusier The dilemma of the business of architecture is a complex and often seemingly contradictory one. There is the perception (and very real possibility) that the imagination and ideals of an architect will conflict with (i) the wants/needs and finances of a client (individual or collective), (ii) the constraints decreed by 4

5 society via various authorities and regulations and (iii) the capacities of the building industry to deliver the goods. While the conflict is frequently quite real, it is, in practice, generally in the interests of all parties to ease the differences. At the core of the dilemma, as Corb sees it, is the integrity of design: for the architect, whether to defer to or dominate the client s (or community s) wishes; to compromise or not to compromise. Not surprisingly, the majority of architecture students identify most closely perhaps with the uncompromising position of the individual architect insofar as they have mainly encountered the educational experience of design. This unit, however, is about the professional practice of architecture. It looks at the range of organisation, management and documentation services necessary to design and construct buildings, including project finance and economics, laws and regulations, and contract administration. It is concerned with the roles and responsibilities of all the participants in the architectural design process: architect, client/owner, consultants, contractor, government authorities and others. It acknowledges participants as both singular and plural, as individuals and teams, for, while much architectural history and criticism generally recognises the creation of works of architecture as the domain of an individual architect, this is to neglect the contributions of numerous others to the process and the product. And it is here, in the shared creation of a work of architecture, that compromise becomes truly constructive. Traditionally seen as leader in the building process a role being gradually usurped by professional managers the architect faces a multi-faceted task embracing the roles of advising, managing, communicating, inspecting and mediating (among others) in addition to designing. Each of these roles is examined during the semester. Introduced along the way are the numerous technical, professional, contractual and legal aspects that accompany the design process through sequential service stages. Most importantly, this unit is designed to apprise students of the knowledge and skills necessary to be a successful practitioner of architecture and to become registered as an architect. 5.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES In this unit, students gain the knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to be an architect, including the successful completion of Registration and becoming, and remaining, professional. In addition, they will achieve an awareness of and familiarity with the definitions, concepts, methods, mechanisms and settings of the subject of architectural practice; an understanding of the procedures involved in the successful employment in, contribution to, management of and production of architecture; and an ability to apply this knowledge to given situations and solve specific problems. In accordance with the requirements of the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB), students taking this unit are expected to achieve: an awareness of architects leadership roles from project inception, design, and design development to contract administration, including the selection and coordination of allied disciplines, and postconstruction services; an awareness of the ethical issues involved in the formation of professional judgments in architectural design and practice; an awareness of the legal context within which architects practice, the laws pertaining to professional registration and professional service contracts and an understanding of architects legal responsibilities; an understanding of the codes, regulations and standards applicable to a given site/building design; an awareness of the fundamentals of building economics and construction cost control; an understanding of the role of internship in professional development, and the reciprocal rights and responsibilities of interns and employers; an awareness of the different methods of project delivery, the corresponding forms of service contracts and the types of documentation required for competent and responsible professional service; and 5

6 an understanding of the shifts in the social, political, technological, ecological, and economic factors that shape the practice of architecture. 6.0 UNIT STRUCTURE/FORMATS In general, practice is an action or performance, but the term also implies a method of action, in the sense of habitual, customary, or routine. A professional practice, then, is the customary performance of professional activities. This definition suggests two lines of inquiry that can help clarify the nature of architectural practice: what are architecture s professional activities and how are they customarily performed? A partial answer is that architectural practice emerges through complex interactions among interested parties, from which the documents for a future building emerge. Dana Cuff 1991 In keeping with the focus upon the everyday experience of architectural practice, the lectures for the semester are structured generally in accord with the RAIA Scope of the Architect s Services. While this usually serves as a companion document to a contract between client and architect, it also provides a useful checklist of the primary (as well as numerous supplementary) services undertaken by an architect and thus describes explicitly the processes characterising everyday practice. The range of core services to be discussed and illustrated throughout this series of lectures and workshops includes: Pre-Design Site Analysis Schematic Design/Development Application Design Development/Development Application Contract Documentation Tendering and Negotiating Contract Administration: Construction Contract Administration: Post-Construction Core content will typically be delivered through a series of two-hour lectures (from weeks 1 through 12 inclusive) presented by the Unit Coordinator in the Austin Lecture Theatre, in the Arts Faculty buildings on main campus (east of Reid Library). These will generally be supplemented by a one-hour workshop the following day in the Hew Roberts Lecture Theatre on EDFAA campus. Attendance at all lectures and workshop/seminar sessions is a requirement of the unit. 6

7 7.0 ASSESSMENT 7.1 Assessment Mechanism Assessment in this unit consists of two components: two in-class tests (70% total) and group assignment (30%). # Assessment % of Total Mark Date of Assessment 1 IN-CLASS TEST 1 30% In class, 1-2pm Wednesday 4 th April 2 GROUP ASSIGNMENT (Feasibility project) 30% Due Wednesday 9 th May by 12 noon 3 IN-CLASS TEST 2 40% In class, 1-2pm Wednesday 16 th May IMPORTANT NOTE: Readings for assignments are generally listed under associated lecture topics. Students are advised, however, that the lists are not exhaustive and further independent searches should be made. In addition, care should be taken when referring to texts tailored to American, British or other audiences: language, terminology and procedures are not always consistent with Australian practice. 7.2 Assessment Criteria The assignments and the examination are designed to test students comprehension of the unit content as (i) delivered in the lectures and seminar presentations and (ii) acquired from the primary texts (see Readings pp ). Each assessable component requires a demonstration of the abilities to locate, select and organise information pertaining to the given topic or situation; and to communicate the information clearly, unambiguously and in a professional manner within the format specified for the task. All assignments and the examination will be assessed on the basis of a demonstration of these skills. Additional assessment criteria will be specified if applicable when particular assignments are issued. 7.3 Submission of Assignments Each assignment has a distinct submission time (see Assessment pp. 7-9) for which students are required to submit by that date all work completed to that time. All work must be submitted to the Resource Room by noon on the due date. Late work without an approved extension will be marked with a penalty in accordance with the ALVA Late Work policy. All written work must have a cover sheet attached (available from the Resource Room). Students must keep a photocopy of all work submitted. Students must be familiar with the following Faculty guidelines/policies regarding submission of work: (i) Extensions (ii) Late Work (iii) Digital Submissions (iv) Academic Conduct These are all available on the web at Return of Student Work All work submitted for assessment will be returned to students during scheduled seminar/tutorial sessions within four weeks of its submission and before the end of the Pre-Examination Study Period. 7

8 7.4 Assignment 1: Test 1 In-Class Test 1 30% 1 2pm on Wednesday 4 th April (Week 6) This In-class Test is a 1-hour, multiple choice test. It will assess the level of knowledge gained in lectures, readings and workshops from Weeks 1 to Assignment 2: Feasibility Study Feasibility Study 30% You have been approached by a client who wishes you to assess the development potential of a site they intend to purchase. This will require the preparation and consideration of a number of development options (at a very schematic level) in order to evaluate the viability of development and to make a recommendation to the client regarding development potential and the preferred development option. Working in groups of four, prepare a Feasibility Study that : Evaluates development potential through the preparation of THREE development options, and Presents a preferred development option for a given site. You are advised to follow the guidelines issued in the relevant lecture and workshop, and covered in the relevant readings (listed below and see under Weekly Programme Week 4 p. 18). Submission Requirements The Feasibility Study is to be a single document, A4 or A3 size. The submission should contain two parts: REPORT Up to 10 pages including illustrations, to a maximum 3000 words. Exceeding the word limit will result in reduced marks. Be concise and to the point. This is an executive report for a busy client and is a business case, not a history or theory paper. APPENDIX Up to 10 additional pages containing backup information such as photos, drawings and calculations. Do not include irrelevant information that has not been specifically referred to in the Report. 1. Report Prepare a written report that outlines the project parameters and summarises your three options for the development of the site in terms of their feasibility. In addition to briefly discussing these options you should describe how you have evaluated the various costs and benefits associated with the proposals. Your report should then make a clear recommendation for the preferred development option, and explain it in some detail. Your recommendation should be based on financial criteria, and may include demographic, social, cultural, political, ethical and/or environmental factors as well. You should make sure the proposal will meet Council guidelines for that area, or have a strong argument as to why you believe the Council will approve such a proposal. Create a convincing argument to your client about how much money and time will be involved, and why they should put their money into your recommended proposal (or, if you think nothing will work, why). Where appropriate, use photographs, diagrams or illustrations. The report must be correctly footnoted where applicable and include a comprehensive bibliography in the Appendix. 2. Drawings Produce, to presentation standard, conceptual (schematic) land-use drawings illustrating: (i) The current situation of the site (ie. under the zoning regulations of the Metropolitan Region Scheme MRS and any other relevant Planning Schemes or Codes); and (ii) Your preferred development option showing proposed building envelopes and usage zones etc. 8

9 DRAWING FORMAT: A3 or A4 size, coloured or b/w, hand drawn or computer 3. Calculations Using approximate figures obtained from real estate agents and published costing information (The Architect, Rawlinsons Australian Construction Handbook, etc), determine the economic feasibility of each of the three options. You are likely to go into more detail for your recommended option, in order to finesse your argument. On the cost side you should include, for example, estimated land values, floor area calculations and, if applicable, probable infrastructure costs (roads, power, water etc). Take into consideration approximate development time frames. On the revenue side, prepare projected market values in the form of rental returns and/or resale. Contact real estate agents in the area if you think that is applicable. Try to base your feasibility on real facts and real data. The economic feasibility will be used to justify the recommended development option to your client. Submission DUE: noon Wednesday 9 th May (week 10) in the Resource Room Assessment Criteria Evidence of understanding of the principles of the feasibility study: why and how it is useful Conciseness and clarity of your argument Demonstration of an appropriate response to the opportunities and constraints posed by the site Employment of terminology and language appropriate for a feasibility / business report Demonstration of understanding of economic, business and property matters Demonstration of awareness of social and demographic factors relevant to the project Demonstration of consideration of ecological and environmental issues Demonstration of an ability to locate, select and organise relevant information Evidence of inventiveness in searching for and locating relevant data Demonstration of an ability to communicate the information clearly, unambiguously and in a professional manner. Additional Reading Rawlinsons Australian Construction Handbook, 1998, Rawlhouse Publishing, Perth (FIZ Ref R ) The Architect (WA) (recent edition see Estimating and Construction Costs section) (P P4) The Australian Financial Review (Property Section) The Australian (Property Section) The West Australian (Property Section on Wednesdays) Optional Tutorial Session There will be an optional tutorial session in WEEK 7 (Wed 19 th April) to answer questions arising during preparation of the assignment. 7.6 Assignment 3: Test 2 In-Class Test 2 40% 1 2pm on Wednesday 16 th May (Week 11) This In-class Test is a 1-hour, multiple choice test. It will assess the level of knowledge gained in lectures, readings and workshops from Weeks 1 to 10. 9

10 8.0 READING Essential texts are held in the Resource Room [RR] and are strictly not to be removed. Some of the relevant texts are held in EDFAA Closed Reserve. The Weekly Programme lists specific readings for lectures and assignments. 8.1 Essential Practice Services Advisory Notes [RR] As the Notes constitutes the primary text for this unit, and will be indispensable in the future preparation for registration, students are strongly advised to purchase a set. A Student Set is available from Practice Services, Melbourne. (Contact Ann Rehn, Publications Manager, tel: fax: ) The set comprises: The full set of Advisory Notes on CD; A standard building contract (ABIC MW ) in hard copy with companion contract user guide; Hard copy of both the long and short forms of the Client and Architect Agreement. Architects Act 2004 [RR or download from RAIA Code of Professional Conduct [RR] AACA NCSA 04 General Information for APE Candidates; AACA NCSA 05 Guide for APE Candidates; AACA NCSA 06 Guide for Examiners; AACA NCSA 07 Log Book of Experience in Architectural Practice [RR or download from ] Log books: all graduates applying for registration are required to enter details of their practical experience in a log book. I strongly recommend all students purchase one of these and begin using it to log undergraduate work experience. Appointments should be made with the Architects Board of WA, Level 1, Bank of NSW Chambers, Hay Street Perth. (Tel ) Technical Services Architects Award 2000 [RR] legislation covering all aspects of employment for architects including levels of pay for students and graduates, sick leave and annual leave, overtime pay etc. Note that only respondents to the award are required to follow these laws. See list at end. 8.2 Relevant Books Note that some books are located in the LAW library Allinson, K. 1997, Getting There by Design: An Architect s Guide to Design and Project Management, Architectural Press, Boston ( GET) Allinson, K. 1993, The Wild Card of Design: A Perspective on Architecture in a Project Management Environment, Butterworth Architecture, Oxford ( WIL) Bailey, Ian H. 1998, Construction Law in Australia, 2 nd Edition, LBC Information Services, Sydney (LAW CON) Beaton, R. & Colin Biggers & Paisley 1994, The Architect & The Law, 2 nd edn, RAIA, Melbourne (LAW ARC) Chappell, D. & Willis, A. 2000, The Architect in Practice, 8 th edn, Blackwell Science, Oxford ( ARC) Chappell, D. 1996, Report Writing for Architects and Project Managers, Blackwell Science, Oxford ( REP) Cherry, E. 1999, Programming for Design: From Theory to Practice, J. Wiley, New York ( PRO) Cooke, John R. 2001, Architects, Engineers and the Law, 3 rd Edition, Federation Press, Sydney (LAW ARC) 10

11 Cooke, John R. 1989, Architects, Engineers and the Law: commentary and materials, Law Book Company, Sydney (LAW ARC) Cowan, H. J. & Smith, P. R. 1998, Dictionary of Architectural and Building Technology, 3 rd edn, E & F Spon, London (R DIC) Cuff, D. 1991, Architecture: The Story of Practice, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. ( ARC) Demkin, J. 2001, The Architect s Handbook of Professional Practice, 13 th Edition, J Wiley & Sons, New York (Q ARC) Demkin, J. 2005, The Architect s Handbook of Professional Practice: update 2005, J Wiley & Sons, New York (Q ARC) Duffy, F. & Hutton, L. 1998, Architectural Knowledge: The Idea of a Profession, E & FN Spon, London ( ARC) Greenstreet, B. & Chappell, D. 1994, Legal and Contractual Procedures for Architects, Butterworth, London (LAW Q LEG) Hubbard, B. 1995, A Theory for Practice: Architecture in Three Discourses, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. ( THE) Marsh, P.D.V. 1995, Contracting for Engineering and Construction Projects, 4 th Edition, Brookfield, Pressman, A. 1997, Professional Practice 101: A Compendium of Business and Management Strategies in Architecture, Wiley, New York ( PRO) Productivity Commission of Australia, 2000, Review of legislation regulating the architectural profession: inquiry report, Productivity Commission (BUSINESS GovtPubs P P1 2000/425 not for loan) Rogers, W. 1997, The professional practice of landscape architecture: a complete guide to starting and running your own firm, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York (Q PRO) Rosen, H. J. 1990, Construction Specifications Writing: Principles and Procedures. 3 rd edn, Wiley, New York (Q CON) Standen, D. 1996, If You Practise Architecture, RAIA, Melbourne ( IFY). 1995, Construction Industry Specifications, RAIA Practice Services, Melbourne [RR]. 1993, Construction Industry Terminology, 3 rd edn, RAIA Practice Services, Melbourne (R CON). 1987, Terms in Practice: A Dictionary for Australian Architects, 2 nd edn, RAIA Practice Division, South Melbourne (R TER) Saunders, W. S. & Rowe, P. G. (eds). 1996, Reflections on Architectural Practices in the Nineties, Princeton Architectural Press, New York ( REF) Symes, M., Eley, J. & Seidel, A. D. 1995, Architects and their Practices: A Changing Profession, Butterworth Architecture, Oxford ( ARC) 11

12 Wakita, OA., Linde, RM. 2003, The Professional Practice of Architectural Working Drawings, Wiley, New York (Q PRO) Wallis, L., Whitman, P., Savage, S. 2005, Take 4 Collaboration and Coalition: creating architectural knowledge in contemporary practice, RAIA, Canberra ( TAK) 8.3 Relevant Journal Articles Dovey, K. 1989, Architectural Ethics: A dozen dilemmas, Architecture Australia 78:5, pp Longstaff, S. 1999, Architects: Ethics, Architecture Australia 88:6, pp (P P6) 8.4 Relevant Websites Architects Accreditation Council of Australia Includes information about registering as an architect and sample exam papers. Architects Board of WA Royal Australian Institute of Architects Includes a guide for students about registering as an architect [go to the top tab Students and Education ] Australasian Legal Information Institute Comprehensive database of legislation and legal cases in Australia. Includes the Architects Act 1921 and 2004 Association of Professional Architects As a registered organisation under the Industrial Relations Act, APESMA has the legal status that allows it to assist architects in industrial relations/employment matters. This role differentiates them from the Royal Australian Institute of Architects (RAIA) who are not involved in these issues. Property Council of Australia The Property Council of Australia represents organisations involved in the property industry. Its mission is to champion the interests of the property sector, and to provide advocacy and networking benefits to its members. Real Estate Institute of WA Real Estate sales sites: Commercial: Residential: 12

13 9.0 WEEKLY PROGRAMME Week 1 Tue 27 February Scope of Architects Services: Blurring the Design/Practice Divide Because architecture is fundamentally an act of making, practice assumes a special role in our profession. It is practice that becomes the ultimate test of any theoretical position we may take in the creative process we call design. Practice is the way in which design is translated into professional service, and into something concrete. Pressman 1999 Architecture as ultimately a professional art sings; architecture as ultimately an academic discipline sucks. Venturi 1996 By way of introduction, this lecture foregrounds the proposition underscoring the unit that design and practice are not mutually exclusive activities but rather are fundamentally linked by and throughout the construction process. Indeed, not only is design central to practice, so too, as will be seen in the coming weeks, can practice be seen as a design problem. The lecture provides an overview of the construction industry and examines the roles of the architect in relation to other members of the sector. Key notions about the making or realising of architecture in a professional environment are addressed, including the importance in the process of ideas. The RAIA Scope of the Architect s Services is the document around which the sequence and core content of the semester s lectures is broadly structured and this is discussed here in some detail. Workshop Wednesday 28 February Forming Teams Students will form into teams of four. Each student will work with their team in both the workshop sessions, and on their group assignment. The aim of this workshop is to: Form a team with whom you will work for the whole semester Get to know your team Play some team-building games. Reading Recommended AN Design services are valuable AN Scope of the Architect s Services Additional Cuff, D. Architecture, Ch. 1 Why Study the Culture of Practice? ; Ch. 3 Design Problems in Practice ; Ch. 7 Conclusion Gutman, R. Architectural Practice, Ch. 4 Bigger and More Complex Buildings Pressman, A. Professional Practice 101, Foreword/Preface; Linking Design and Practice pp ; Ch. 12 The School-Practice Dichotomy Saunders, W. S. & Rowe, P. G. (eds) Reflections on Architectural Practices in the Nineties, Overviews of Architectural Practice and Education esp. Introduction pp. 8 11; Architecture as Image pp ; The Shaping of Architectural Practice pp

14 Week 2 Tuesday 6 March Transition + Registration: Becoming and Being (a) Professional This lecture explores the professional image of the architect, introducing the notion of professionalism and exploring what it means to be a professional, especially in relation to the various acts, codes and organisations that are an integral and governing part of professional membership. Emphasis is on important transitions from student to graduate and then from graduate to architect. Issues discussed include the factors involved in moving from the university to the professional environment (such as seeking and applying for work in an office; interview techniques and what employers look for in graduates) as well as the factors involved in becoming an architect and the kinds of practical experience necessary. The reasons, requirements and procedures involved in Registration are explained in depth. Workshop Wednesday 7 March Gaining Experience: Job Applications, CVs, Interviews + Registration Students will examine how to gain the right work experience in order to register as an Architect. The aim of this workshop is to discuss: How to apply for a job what do employers look for? Putting together a winning CV and introduction letter Job Interviews and presenting your portfolio Gaining the right experience step by step, project by project Filling in your log book What is the Registration process? What is the Architect s Award? Hint: it s not about your design skill but does affect your pay! Sample Exam Questions Discuss the Architect s Code of Professional Conduct in relation to the Architects Act. Explain the differences between the Architects Board (ABWA), the Royal Australian Institute of Architects (RAIA) and the Association of Professional Architects (APA through APESMA) Explain in detail how the Architects Act affects the practice of architecture. Reading Recommended AN Series: Professional development AN Interviewing AN Employment of staff under contract AN Guidelines for the employment of architects AN Registration Practical experience for undergraduates and graduates in preparation for registration AN Architects liability AN The standard of care of the professional AN The Trade Practices Act and misleading conduct AN Law for architects An ABC of how not to be found wanting AN Mushrooming professional liability in the construction industry AN Experience and inexperience AN Defamation Watch what you say and how you say it AN Student commissions AN Architects and copyright AN Moral rights Some common questions and answers AN Moral rights An overview of the Act 14

15 Additional AACA NCSA 04 General Information for APE Candidates AACA NCSA 05 Guide for APE Candidates RAIA Code of Professional Conduct Architects Act 2004 Technical Services - Architects Award 2000 Allinson, K. The Wild Card of Design, Ch. 1 Projects, Professionals and Managers Architect s Handbook of Professional Practice, Ch. 8 The Architect and the Public Cooke, JR, Architects, Engineers and the Law: o Ch 4, Duty of Care o Ch 12, Professional Conduct Duffy, F. & Hutton, L. Architectural Knowledge, Preface; Ch. 13 The Professional in the Built Environment ; Part 3 The Profession of Architecture: Partnership in an Intelligent Market Hubbard, B. A Theory for Practice, Introduction: Thinking Like an Architect ; Ch. 3 A Way to Think about Practice ; Ch. 4 Working with Other Ways of Thinking Pressman, A. Professional Practice 101: o Ch. 1 Practice, Practice, Practice esp. pp. 1 12; o Ch. 2 Do the Right Thing esp. pp ; o Advice to Students pp , 136 Saunders, W. S. & Rowe, P. G. (eds), Reflections on Architectural Practices in the Nineties, Professional Responsibilities and Ethics pp Standen, D. If You Practice Architecture, 2.04 Professions? ; 2.11 Ethics or Morals? Symes, M., Eley, J. & Seidel, A. D. Architects and their Practices, Part One Architecture as a Profession ; Ch. 3 The Profession as a Whole ; Professional Legitimacy pp On Resumes and Job Applications Curtis, 2000, Strategic Interviewing: skills and tactics for savvy executives [BUSINESS STR] Stevens, 2003, The Australian Resume Guide, [BUSINESSS AUS] Jay, 1999, 101 More Best Resumes [HSS ONE] Noble, 2004, Gallery of Best Resumes [MEDICAL GAL] Greene, 2004, Get the Interview Every Time, [MEDICAL GET] Gene, 2004, How to Write Better Resumes, [BUSINESS HOW] Bright, 2000, Resumes that get Shortlisted, [MEDICAL RES] Schmidt, 1999, Results oriented interviewing [BUSINESS RES] 15

16 Week 3 Pre-Design: Tuesday 13 March The ABC of Practice: Architect, Brief + Client To those clients without whose challenges, understanding, and trust we could not be artists. Venturi 1996 Whether in relation to traditional or new forms of project procurement, design and delivery, all building projects exist only because there is a client (owner) and there is a brief. The client may be a single person or a collective body and the brief may be short or long but always necessarily concise. In architectural, though obviously not all building, projects there is always an architect, although the involvement of the architect is, as was discovered last week, determined to a large extent by the mode of service adopted. There are, of course, other components equally essential to practice but this lecture examines the relationships between and key parts played by architect and client and brief throughout a design project, and especially in the initial stages. The roles, responsibilities, liabilities and rights of the client and the architect in a contractual arrangement (such as the RAIA Client-Architect Agreement) are discussed, along with fees and conditions. Also studied are the means by which a detailed set of requirements a brief is prepared with and/or for the client. Considerations include, for example: design objectives, limitations and criteria; space requirements and relations; number and functional responsibilities of personnel; flexibility and provision for growth; special equipment and systems; site requirements; budget requirements; programming and so on. Workshop Wednesday 14 March Sign here please: briefing, sketch design and (dis) agreements Clients are of utmost importance to an architectural practice after all, they write the cheques! The client is the customer of the service you provide and, like any business, the customer must be kept happy. If successful, your relationship will last for years and lead to ongoing work through recommendations and new commissions. In this workshop, students will gain insight into the relationship between architect and client from the first handshake. The aim of the workshop is to find out: What makes a good client brief? Do you want to work with this person for the next few years? Sign here please getting the client to sign a client-architect agreement Preparing sketch designs Walking the client through your design proposal Sample Exam Questions You are approached by a corporate client to design an office building in Perth. Outline the sequence of correspondences necessary to confirm the commission and describe in detail the information contained in the correspondences. Define the brief : outline what it contains, who produces it and how, and what it is used for. Describe how an architect establishes a fee for their various services. Reading Recommended AN Communications in management AN Series: Fees AN Quality control checklist AN Qualification Based Selection AN Introduction to Guide Letters AN Conditions of engagement Advice to clients on terms AN Conditions of engagement Confirmation to clients of terms AN Expenditure additional to agreed fees Recommendation to clients 16

17 AN Architect s fees due Advice to clients AN Professional service Advice to clients at completion of stage AN Series: Client and architect agreement, especially the following: AN Client-Architect Agreement 1993 (long form) with interleaved notes AN Client-Architect Agreement 1998 (short form) with interleaved notes AN Client and architect conditions of engagement AN Resigning commissions AN Accepting architectural commissions AN Australian Standards and client and architect agreements AN Conflict of interest in architectural commissions AN Getting paid when the job does not proceed AN The client and architect agreement and the vital importance of adequate documentation AN Fees and conditions Get them agreed and get them in writing AN Do you include by reference? AN Are you dealing with a legal person? AN Don t let the fees mount up AN Ensure that your contracts are not personal unless you are doing it all yourself AN Avoiding fee disputes AN Site safety AN Architects fees The value of copyright in designs AN The design brief AN Series: Invitations and expressions of interest AN Architects fees AN Your brief to your architect AN Series: Project records AN Do you keep your client informed? AN Competition policy and the architectural profession Repeat AN Design services are valuable AN Architects Liability AN Scope of the architect s Services Additional Architect s Handbook of Professional Practice, Ch. 2 The Construction Industry ; Ch. 3 Careers in Architecture esp. pp. 1 2; Ch. 5 The Selection of an Architect ; Ch. 9 Owner-Architect Agreements ; Ch. 11 Project Procedures Bennett, P. H. P. Architectural Practice and Procedure, Ch. 2 Services Offered ; Ch. 3 The Client and his Brief Cuff, D. Architecture, Ch. 5 esp. pp ; Ch. 6 Excellent Practice esp. pp Gutman, R. Architectural Practice, Ch. 2 The New Structure of Demand pp ; Ch. 6 The Organization Client pp Hubbard, B. A Theory for Practice, Ch. 1 Other Ways to Think about a Building Jenkins, F. Architect and Patron Lapidus, M. Architecture: A Profession and a Business, Ch. 9 Public Relations and Salesmanship ; Ch. 11 Establishing Rapport with your Client ; Ch. 13 How to Write a Contract and How to Collect Fees ; Ch. 20 Convictions and Compromise ; Ch. 21 The Good Guys and the Bad Guys Your Clients Orr, F. Professional Practice, Ch. 3 The Consumers ; Ch. 14 The Project Processes Pressman, A. Professional Practice 101, Ch. 6 To Market, to market, to buy a fat commission ; Thinking Ahead in the Architect-Client Relationship pp Saunders, WS & Rowe, PG Reflections on Architectural Practices in the Nineties, Patronage and Power Sharp, D. The Business of Architectural Practice, Ch. 2 Getting Work and Keeping Clients ; Ch. 8 The Client and Project Management 17

18 Week 4 Pre-Design: Tuesday 20 March Testing the Water: Evaluating Feasibility In addition to reaching agreement upon the conditions of the client-architect relationship and formulating a brief, the Pre-Design stage involves the evaluation of the project costs and benefits, that is, the preparation of a Feasibility Study. This lecture examines the role of such a study and its means of preparation, including, for instance, analysis of the project brief, formation of an initial area concept, recognition of project costs and probable income as well as probable return on investment. It discusses the concepts of cost and benefit in not simply economic but more broadly social terms. The lecture also introduces the notion of the Opinion of Probable Cost (as distinct from an estimate) as another key service provided by an architect at a number of stages throughout the design process. INTRODUCE GROUP ASSIGNMENT Feasibility Project Workshop Wednesday 21 March Examples of Feasibilities used for development + investment Students will be shown examples of Feasibility Studies used in the development and construction industry. These include feasibilities carried out in Sydney, London and Perth for property developers, building owners and clients. The aim of the workshop will be to: Facilitate students with their group assignment Find out who commissions feasibilities and due diligence reports Understand that the design and the client s investment decision must be aligned Understand when and why a feasibility study might be conducted Look at several examples of different feasibility studies used for various purposes Sample Exam Questions How does the architect provide advice to clients on estimated costs of projects and what are the architect s responsibilities and liabilities in regard to such opinions of probable cost? Reading Recommended AN Financing of buildings AN How much will the building cost? AN Series: Estimates, especially the following: AN Project cost control AN Feasibility studies Financial analyses AN Measurement of building areas AN Life cycle cost analysis AN Value management Additional Australian Property Journal (online resource) Carn, N. 1988, Real estate market analysis, Prentice-Hall, NJ [Business REA] Chappell, D. Report Writing for Architects and Project Managers, Journal of Property Valuation and Investment (online resource) Ling, D. 2005, Real estate principles: a value approach, McGraw-Hill, Mass [Business Q REA] Whipple, RTM. 1995, Property Valuation and Analysis [2006 edition ordered for LAW on 6/12/06] [LAW PRO] 18

19 Week 5 Tuesday 27 March Modes of Practice: re-defining Project Procurement, Design + Delivery practice is really one of the most interesting design problems right now Thomas Fisher 1997 The lecture in week 1 discussed the traditional mode of architectural practice as represented by the RAIA Scope of the Architect s Services. For the sake of clarity and in order to illustrate key principles of architectural practice, the lectures in this unit generally address and are structured in accordance with this conventional model. However, the construction industry is moving more and more to new methods of project procurement, design and delivery. This lecture surveys a number of the most common variations and alternatives to convention, including Design-Construct, Project Management, Partnering, Bridging, Novating and Construction Management. It explains the stages at which decisions are made regarding the adoption of an alternative mode of delivery as well as the roles, rights, liabilities and responsibilities of all the parties involved in the design and building process, comparing them to those characterising the traditional practice model. Professional, contractual and other legal issues arising with these modes of service are addressed and the role of design in the processes is highlighted. Workshop Wednesday 28 March Working with Consultants and Authorities The Design team involves several different individuals and organisations who all contribute to the design process. For any given project, these might include: The Client (eg. Couple building their own home, a Developer, a Project Manager, etc) In-house design and documentation team Consultants (eg. Structural, Mechanical, Electrical and Environmental Engineers; Planners; Traffic Planners; Heritage Consultants; Landscape Architects, other Architects, etc) The Builder Marketing/ Real Estate professionals In addition, the local Council will need to be dealt with. The Council provides the interface between your design proposal and the community and neighbours who will be affected by it. The role of the Architect is to orchestrate all of these inputs and keep lines of communication open. Sample Exam Questions Outline a range of non-traditional means of project procurement describing the advantages and disadvantages of each with respect to the positions of both client and architect Outline the various consultants used in a large project and describe their roles in the design and documentation process Reading Recommended AN The use of novation contracts in building delivery AN Series: Other forms of service AN Can my architect also be my builder? AN The independent role of the project manager AN The legal ramifications of the role of the architect in the administration of some recent contracts AN Avoid partial contract administration AN Partnering AN Project alliancing contracts in the building industry Repeat AN Design services are valuable 19

20 AN Architects liability AN Architects and copyright AN Moral rights Some common questions and answers AN Moral rights An overview of the Act Additional Gutman, R. Architectural Practice, Ch. 5 The Construction Industry ; Ch. 8 Competitiveness among Architects ; Ch. 10 Challenges to Architecture Orr, F. Professional Practice, Ch. 5 The Constructors Pressman, A. Professional Practice 101, Ch. 4 Project Management esp. pp ; Ch. 9 New Modes of Service and Project Delivery ; Ch. 10 Nontraditional Practice Saunders, W. S. & Rowe, P. G. (eds) Reflections on Architectural Practices in the Nineties Standen, D. Construction Industry Terminology Standen, D. If You Practice Architecture, 2.06 Inventiveness in Ways of Bringing about New Projects Symes, M., Eley, J. & Seidel, A. D. Architects and their Practices, Of general relevance and esp. Part One Architecture as a Profession ; Part Two Architects Today ; Part Five Questions for the Future 20

21 Week 6 Tuesday 3 April Design - Site Analysis and Schematic Design: Lie of the Land: Outlining the Scheme The final aspect of project definition involves the undertaking of extensive investigative activities. These include consultations with authorities, site surveys, analysis of existing site conditions, off-site services studies, rezoning applications and research into all applicable laws, statutes, codes, standards and regulations affecting the project. This lecture discusses these activities and, in addition, Architectural Design services, for project definition also necessarily relates to the preparation of a Schematic Design. This represents the preliminary response by an architect to the parameters set by client, brief, budget and all other research and site investigations. The lecture introduces the Development Application (DA) the submission to local government planning authorities requesting planning approval which represents the completion of the Schematic Design Stage. The DA will be discussed in detail in week 7. Workshop Wednesday 4 April IN-CLASS TEST 1 (30%) This is a 1-hour test conducted in class. It will test your knowledge of the material covered in lectures and workshops from Week 1 to Week 6. Please refer to the section on Assessment (pages 7 to 9 of this course guide) for more information. Sample Exam Questions Describe the laws, regulations, codes and statutes that would affect the design and construction of a commercial art gallery to be built on Rokeby Road, Subiaco. Given the commission to undertake full architectural services for a commercial office building on the riverfront in the new East Perth Redevelopment Area, (i) report on the kinds of investigations you would undertake with regard to site analysis and (ii) list the authorities and relevant acts governing building in WA that would apply to this site. Outline the procedures and documents required to submit a Development Application (DA). Describe the avenues available should the DA be rejected by the local government authority. Reading Recommended AN The use of Australian standards in architectural practice AN Australian standards Before you quote them, understand them AN Site Request to clients for information AN Authorities Advice to clients on conditions of approval AN The Disability Discrimination Act Taking disabled people into account AN Series: Design generally, especially the following: AN Survey information AN Party walls AN Series: Authorities AN Architects inspection services AN Series: Universal Access AN The use of Australian standards AN Adverse possession Ensuring the building is on the right site Repeat AN Architect s fees due Advice to clients AN Consultant s fee accounts Recommendation to clients AN Professional service Advice to clients at completion of stage AN Don t let the fees mount up AN How much will the building cost? AN Series: Project records 21