Polarization & Prosperity in the Buenos Aires Periphery. How does decentralized management of land use impact on urban growth?

Transcription

1 Polarization & Prosperity in the Buenos Aires Periphery. How does decentralized management of land use impact on urban growth? Nora Libertun de Duren

2 CONTEXT METROPOLITAN BUENOS AIRES Uneven national development: Extreme Buenos Aires primacy 1/3 National population ( 12million) 2/3 National industries 1% Land Decline of National Industry / end of ISI policies Decline of industrial suburbs of the south Lack in infrastructure investments on the north Decentralization of Urban Planning Land use designated by municipalities Infrastructure maintained by municipalities Rising Levels of (spatial) Inequality in the suburbs +++ Gated Communities developments +++ Slums

3 QUESTION HOW DID DECENTRALIZED PLANNING SHAPE THE DEVELOPMENT OF GREATER BUENOS AIRES? Why the poorest municipalities account for more than 50% of all gated communities??? La Plata River BA City 30 % or more substandard households 15 % to 29 % substandard households Gated Community development BUENOS AIRES SUBURBS 2001

4 METHOD Comparison among suburban municipalities Along same transport corridor (northern highway) before and after decentralization, based on: 1_Number of gated communities 2_Number of Poor households rate Data Sources: Census data (1971, 1981, 2001), Real estate data at municipal level Municipal legislation, In depth interviews.

5 DATA GC QUANTITY: Decentralization reforms and GC annual development Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Lg. Med. Sm. HWY upgrade C E N T R A L I Z A T I O N D E C E N T R A L I Z A T I O N

6 DATA G GEOGRAPHY: Industrial geography and GC development Highest industrial concentration 1970 High industrial concentration 1970 Low industrial concentration 1970 Minimum Industrial Concentration 1970 Gated Community development in 2001

7 FINDINGS Legal Exceptions Comparison of poor vs. non-poor municipalities 30 # of ordinance changes GC land in poor muni. GC land in all muni. Planning Exceptions % 68% 80% % Municipalities with 30 % or 0 more substandard households (Total Area =1,000Km2) All other municipalities (Total Area =1,900Km2) 1977 to to to 2001 D E C E N T R A L I Z A T I O N

8 FINDINGS GREAT BUENOS AIRES Variations in number of poor households Comparison among poor municipalities Inter census Variations All Households Poor Households Gated Communities Pilar Escobar Tigre 106 sq mi 135 sq mi 139 sq mi +85% +45% +25% (58,300) (45,400) (79,800) +55% +30% -1% (12,100) (58,300) (14,000) +280% +120% +500% (115) (43) (60)

9 GREAT BUENOS AIRES POLICY CONSEQUENCES Diversity in UP in Poor municipalities After decentralization, Poor local government become more dependent on private investments Hence, increasing social inequality within municipal boundaries. Recommendations 1.Promote infrastructure development at regional scale 2.Work with private developers for promoting local infrastructure 3.Distinguish urban decentralization from bottom up participation

10 GREAT BUENOS AIRES FUTURE RESEARCH Diversity in UP in Poor municipalities Theory: What is the link between scale of governance and scale of inequality? Policy How can we capitalize on spatial inequality for local development? Methodology How can we measure spatial inequality?

11 La Plata River Questions? THANK YOU!!!!!! City of Buenos Aires

12 APPENDIX PILAR TIGRE

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16 APPENDIX Gated Communities & Substandard Households Open City Industries Gated Community developments Informal Settlements PILAR MUNICIPALITY 2001

17 APPENDIX 1971 Train + ISI 2001 Hwy + MercoSur 60 KM / 38 Mi

18 APPENDIX INDUSTRIAL FOOTRPINT AND GC DEVELOPMENT C QUANTITY: Legal reforms and GC annual development GC Concentration in Industrial Concentration in Vte Lopez GralS. Martin LaMatanza Avellaneda L de Zamora Pilar Tigre Escobar E. Echeverria Ezeiza** San Isidro Moreno San Miguel MalvinasArg. Lanus Quilmes Morón Tres de Feb. Alm. Brown Merlo Jose C Paz S. Fernando

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21 APPENDIX Escobar s planning officer (2004): Pilar s mayor (2000): Tigre s head of urban planning department (2004):