Alanen, Arnold R. and Melnick, Robert Z., 2000, Preserving Cultural Landscapes, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press

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1 99 Bibliography

2 Sources Adams, Noah, 2001, Far Appalachia Following the New River North, New York: Delta Trade Paperbacks Alanen, Arnold R. and Melnick, Robert Z., 2000, Preserving Cultural Landscapes, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press Baltzell, John, 1802, An Essay on the Mineral Properties of the Sweet Springs of Virginia, Baltimore: Warner and Hanna Baron, Robert C., Editor, 1987, The Garden and Farm Books of Thomas Jefferson, Golden, CO: Fulcrum, Inc. Birnbaum, Charles, 1994, Preservation Brief 36, Protecting Cultural Landscapes: Planning, Treatment and Management of Historic Landscapes, Washington, DC: National Park Service, Preservation Assistance Division Birnbaum, Charles, with Christine Capella Peters, eds., 1996, The Secretary of the Interior s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for the Treatment of Cultural Landscapes, Washington, DC: National Park Service, Cultural Resource Stewardship & Partnerships, Heritage Preservation Services, Historic Landscape Initiative Beyer, Edward, 1858, Album of Virginia: or, Illustration of the Old Dominion, Richmond, Virginia: n.p., Branch, Michael P., and Philippon, Daniel J., Eds., 1998, The Height of Our Mountains: Nature Writing from Virginia s Blue Ridge Mountains and Senandoah Valley, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press Bridenbaugh, Carl, 1946, Baths and Watering Places of Colonial America, William and Mary Quarterly, 3 rd Series, vol. III, no.2 Burke, William, 1846, The Mineral Springs of Western Virginia; With Remarks on Their Use, and the Diseases to Which They are Applicable 2 nd Edition, Wiley and Putnam: New York, Burke, William, 1851, The Mineral Springs of Virginia; With Remarks on their Use, and the Diseases to Which They are Applicable, and in Which They are Contra-Indicated, Richmond, Virginia: Morris and Brother Caldwell, John Edwards, 1951, A Tour Through Part of Virginia, in the Summer of 1808, Richmond: Dietz Press, Carr, Ethan, 1998, Wilderness by Design: Landscape Architecture and the National Park Service, Lincoln, Nebraska and London: University of Nebraska Press 100

3 Cohen, Stan,, 1997Historic Springs of the Virginias: A Pictorial History, Seventh Printing (revised March 1997), Charleston, West Virginia: Pictorial Histories Publishing Company Crook, James, 1899, The Mineral Waters of the United States and Their Therapeutic Uses, New York: Lea and Brothers Michael P. Conzen, 1994, Ed., The Making of the American Landscape, New York: Routledge Fishwick, Marshall William, 1978, Springlore in Virginia, Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green State University Press Fishwick, Marshall William, 1954, The Virginia Tradition in Architecture, [n. p.] Virginia Chapter, American Institute of Architects Gilchrist, Dorothy, 1943, The Virginia Springs: A Mirror of Antebellum Society, Unpublished Masters Thesis, Department of History, University of Virginia Goode, Thomas, 1846, The Invalids Guide to the Virginia Hot Springs, Containing an Account of the Medical Properties of these Waters, with Cases Illustrative of their Effects, Richmond, Virginia: P. D. Bernard Paul Groth and Todd W. Bressi, Eds., 1997, Understanding Ordinary Landscapes, New haven, CT: Yale University Press Heath, James Ewell, 1835, A Visit to the Virginia Springs, The Southern Literary Messenger, Volume 1, Issue 9, pp , Richmond, VA Heath, James Ewell, 1835, A Visit to the Virginia Springs, The Southern Literary Messenger, Volume 1, Issue 10, pp , Richmond, VA Heath, James Ewell, 1835, A Visit to the Virginia Springs, The Southern Literary Messenger, Volume 1, Issue 11, pp , Richmond, VA Ingalls, Fay, 1949, The Valley Road: The Story of the Virginia Hot Spring, Cleveland, Ohio: World Publishing Company Jackson, John Brinkerhoff, 1997, The Nineteenth-Century Rural Landscape: The Courthouse, the Small College, the Mineral Springs, and the Country Store and Virginia Heritage: Fencing, Farming and Cattle Ranching, Helen Lefkowitz, Ed., Landscape in Sight Looking at America, New Haven and London: Yale University Press Jackson, J.B., 1994, A sense of place, a sense of time, New Haven, CT : Yale University Press Jefferson, Thomas, 1954, Notes on the State of Virginia, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press Lawrence, Henry, 1983, Southern Spas: Source of the American Resort Tradition, Landscape 1983, Vol. 27, no. 2, pp

4 Lewis, Charlene, 2001, Ladies and Gentlemen on Display; Planter Society at the Virginia Springs, , Charlottesville, Virginia: University Press of Virginia Martindale, Lana, 1994, Highways to health and pleasure: the antebellum turnpikes and trade of the mineral springs in Greenbrier and Monroe Counties, Virginia, Unpublished Master s Thesis, Department of History, West Virginia University McClelland, Linda Flint, J. Timothy Keller, Genevieve P. Keller, and Robert Z. Melnick, 1990, How to Identify, Evaluate, and Register Rural Historic Landscapes, National Register Bulletin 30, Washington, DC: National Park Service, Interagency Resources Division Moorman, J.J., 1859, The Virginia Springs; How to Reach them and How to Use Them, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Moorman, J.J., 1873, Mineral Springs of North America, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Pencil, Mark, [Mary M. Hagner], 1839, The White Sulphur Papers or Life at the Springs of Western Virginia, New York: Samuel Colman Pollard, Edward, 1870, The Virginia Tourist, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Price, Paul; McCue, J.B. and Hoskins, Hamer, 1936, Springs of West Virginia, West Virginia Geological Survey Prolix, Peregrine, [Philip Holbrook Nicklin], 1837, Letters Descriptive of the Virginia Springs, the Roads Leading Thereto, and the Doings Thereat, Philadelphia: H.S. Tanner Reniers, Percival, 1982, The Springs of Virginia: Life, Love and Death at the Waters, , Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press Stilgoe, John, 1982, Common Landscapes of America: 1580 to 1845, New Haven: Yale University Press Reps, John, 1965, The Making of Urban America; a History of City Planning in the United States, Princeton: Princeton University Press Reps, John, 1972, Tidewater Towns : City Planning in Colonial Virginia and Maryland, Williamsburg: Colonial Williamsburg Foundations: distributed by the University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville Stilgoe, John R., 1982, Common Landscapes of America, 1580 to 1845, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press Strother, David Hunter, 1871, Virginia Illustrated: Containing a Visit to the Virginian Canaan and the Adventures of Porte Crayon [pseud.] and His Cousins, New York: Harper and Brothers Strother, David Hunter, 1959, The Old South Illustrated, by Porte Crayon, Profusely Illustrated by the Author, Edited with and introduction by Cecil D. Eby, Jr., Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press 102

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6 Vita Bartlett Ashford Bickel Bart Bickel was born on March 10, 1967 in Washington, DC. Descended from West Virginians on both sides of his family, he experienced sojourns into the Appalachians from an early age. After graduating from Vassar College in 1989, where he studied anthropology, literature, art, geography and history, he lived in San Francisco, California for nearly six years. In 1996 he came back east to pursue studies in landscape architecture at VPI. Graduate study has included a five month stay in Yokohama, Japan as a guest of the Japanese government and further studies in urbanism and preservation at the Washington-Alexandria Architecture Consortium. He has worked as a self-employed landscape designer since He is currently a landscape architect and land planner with Macris, Hendricks and Glascock, PA in Montgomery Village, Maryland. Master of Landscape Architecture, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2006 Bachelor of Arts, Africana Studies and geography, Vassar College,