National Register of Historic Places Registration Form

Transcription

1 1 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin, How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional certification comments, entries, and narrative items on continuation sheets if needed (NPS Form a). 1. historic name other names/site number Fostoria/ VDHR File Number Location street & number Roughly bounded by 22 nd Street North, North Lexington Street, 16 th Street North, North Longfellow Street, McKinley Road, Interstate 66 and North Quantico Street city or town N/A vicinity not for publication state Virginia code VA county Arlington code 013 zip code State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this X nomination _ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property X _ meets _ does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant at the following level(s) of significance: national statewide X local Signature of certifying official/title Virginia Department of Historic Resources State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government Date In my opinion, the property meets does not meet the National Register criteria. Signature of commenting official Date Title State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government 4. National Park Service Certification I hereby certify that this property is: entered in the National Register determined not eligible for the National Register determined eligible for the National Register removed from the National Register other (explain:) Signature of the Keeper Date of Action

2 2 5. Classification Ownership of Property (Check as many boxes as apply.) Category of Property (Check only one box.) Number of Resources within Property (Do not include previously listed resources in the count.) Contributing Noncontributing X private building(s) buildings X public - Local X district 0 0 district public - State site 3 0 site public - Federal structure 1 2 structure object 0 1 object Total Name of related multiple property listing (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing) Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register Historic Residential Suburbs of the United States, N/A 6. Function or Use Historic Functions (Enter categories from instructions.) DOMESTIC/Single Dwelling DOMESTIC/Secondary Structures COMMERCE/TRADE/Specialty Store COMMERCE/TRADE/Restaurant EDUCATION/School LANDSCAPE/Park RELIGION/Religious Facility (Church) Current Functions (Enter categories from instructions.) DOMESTIC/Single Dwelling DOMESTIC/Secondary Structures COMMERCE/TRADE/Specialty Store COMMERCE/TRADE/Restaurant EDUCATION/Education-Related LANDSCAPE/Park RELIGION/Religious Facility (Church) 7. Description Architectural Classification (Enter categories from instructions.) Materials (Enter categories from instructions.) LATE VICTORIAN/Queen Anne foundation: CONCRETE LATE VICTORIAN/Italianate walls: ASBESTOS; BRICK; CONCRETE; LATE 19 TH & 20 TH CENTURY REVIVALS/Colonial Revival METAL: Aluminum; STUCCO; SYNTHETIC: Vinyl; WOOD: Weatherboard, Shingles LATE 19 TH & 20 TH CENTURY REVIVALS/Tudor Revival roof: ASPHALT; STONE: Slate; TERRA COTTA LATE 19 TH & 20 TH CENTURY AMERICAN MOVEMENT /Bungalow/Craftsman other: MODERN MOVEMENT

3 3 Narrative Description (Describe the historic and current physical appearance of the property. Explain contributing and noncontributing resources if necessary. Begin with a summary paragraph that briefly describes the general characteristics of the property, such as its location, setting, size, and significant features.) Summary Paragraph Development in, which is located approximately five miles west of Washington, D.C., began wholeheartedly in 1890 and continued steadily until the late 1950s/early 1960s with the subdivision and resubdivision of several large parcels by multiple developers and speculative builders. The first subdivision of Fostoria (1890), later known as Highland Park, was located to the southeast of 18 th Street North. The adjacent subdivisions of Over-Lee Knolls (1926) and Section Two Over-Lee Knolls (1927) were oriented to the north of Washington Boulevard, the primary road traveling through the neighborhood today. Additional subdivisions platted between 1929 and 1947 expanded the neighborhood to its current boundaries of 22 nd Street North on the north, North Lexington Street and McKinley Road on the east, Interstate 66 (I-66) on the south, and North Quantico Street on the west. The slow initial development was accelerated as World Wars I and II ushered in an unprecedented need for housing in and surrounding the nation s capital. After World War II, the subdivisions, additions, and resubdivisions of Richmond Hill Section Three (1946), Richmond Hill Section Four (1947) and Highland Park Village (1947) were created on the last of the unimproved tracts of land. Resubdivision, albeit minor, occurred on a few of the larger lots as late as 2002, creating two or three building lots from one. Because development extended from about 1890 until the late twentieth century, the amalgamated neighborhood of is home to a variety of architectural styles, forms, and building types, the majority being domestic single-family buildings. Architectural styles include the Queen Anne and Italianate styles from the late nineteenth century when Fostoria was first platted, and Colonial Revival, Craftsman, Tudor Revival, and Modern Movement styles, which illustrate the development of the neighborhood in the twentieth century. The late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century buildings are vernacular interpretations of the fashionable styles popular throughout the nation at the time of their construction. This reflects the influence of individual property owners and architects over the designs, economics of the period, and the lack of most amenities that would have attracted prospective residents. The more modest development in the mid-twentieth century reflects the solid middle-class nature of the commuter suburb Highland Park- Overlee Knolls with the dominance of the automobile, as well as the tremendous need for housing and the speculative development successfully undertaken by builders and developers. The standards and guidelines of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and its many divisions, as well as the efforts of the Better Homes movement, were implemented throughout the neighborhood, often even if the development lacked government-insured funding. Typical forms from this second period of development include the bungalow, American Foursquare, Cape Cod, ranch house, and split-level. Building types include freestanding and twin single-family dwellings, commercial buildings, a church, and former school. Additionally, there are secondary resources such as garages, carports, and sheds that add to the architectural landscape and historic context. Landscaped parks located along the southern border and through the approximate center unite the neighborhood. The amalgamated neighborhood of, extending beyond the boundaries of the local civic association to convey the development context and subsequent growth of eight subdivisions, additions, and resubdivisions, today contains approximately 718 properties. Narrative Description Site Description is a residential neighborhood comprised of acres in northwest Arlington County, set approximately 400 feet above sea level. The community is bounded on the north by 22 nd Street North, on the east by North Lexington Street, 16 th Street North, North Longfellow Street, and McKinley Road, and on the west by North Quantico Street. Interstate 66 (I-66) physically bounds the neighborhood to the south. The lots vary in size, with the standard parcel measuring approximately fifty feet by one hundred feet. The domestic buildings have a consistent suburban set back, often but not consistently with sidewalks buffering them from the paved public roads. The streets are irregularly planned, with many creating triangular or semicircular residential blocks and landscaped medians. Approximately half of the streets, primarily those along the major transportation corridors and in the northeastern corner

4 4 of the neighborhood, have concrete curbing. Many properties incorporate driveways and have contemporaneous freestanding garages located behind the primary resources. There are several parks and bicycle paths in. Consisting of 3.5 acres, Parkhurst Park was established in 1939 around the cul-de-sac of 20 th Road North, south of North Lexington Street. Ayres Playground, consisting of 10.7 acres, is associated with the former Walter Reed School on McKinley Road. John Marshall Greenway is located along the right-of-way of North Ohio Street between Washington Boulevard and 22 nd Street North (it continues northward to Lee Highway). A paved bicycle path runs parallel to the greenway. A large landscaped median is located at the intersection of 21 st Street North and North Potomac Street, north of Washington Boulevard. Another paved bicycle path runs parallel to the northern sound wall of I-66 between McKinley Road and North Quantico Street. This path is accessible via McKinley Road, North Ohio Street, North Potomac Street, and North Quantico Street. Architectural Description Fostoria: The buildings in collectively display architectural elements that reflect the neighborhood s entire period of development from the late nineteenth century to the mid- and late twentieth century. The oldest extant buildings date from the 1890s; the Washington/Torreyson Farm House has a likely construction period of 1879 to The form of the buildings from this period, which are all located in the initial subdivision of Fostoria (now Highland Park), are ornate, detailed with Queen Anne-style elements such as three-sided projecting bays, sawn or turned balusters, ogee-molded cornice returns and a plain wide frieze, often with bed molding, and chamfered or turned posts with scrolled brackets. The high-style Barnard and Fanny Noland House at 1506 North Nicholas Street (ca. 1890) is an excellent illustration of the Queen Anne style from the neighborhood s initial development period, featuring a cross-gabled roof with an L-shaped plan, a three-story tower, and a wrap-around porch. The two-and-a-half-story single dwelling is constructed of wood frame reclad with asbestos siding. The building is heated by an interior-end brick chimney with an ornately corbeled cap. The overhanging eaves are finished with a narrow frieze, cornice returns, and a raking cornice. The tops of the gable ends are clad with fish-scale wood shingles. A one-story, wrap-around porch has turned wood posts with scrolled brackets and turned balusters. The pyramidal-roofed tower is asymmetrically located on the façade. The third story of the tower is clad in square-butt wood shingles. This imposing high-style dwelling has 1/1, double-hung, woodsash windows with square-edged wood surrounds and a modest single-leaf entry with a paneled wood door topped by a one-light transom. Stretching across two lots is the Rachal Maynard House at th Street North. It was constructed in 1906 by local builder and Fostoria resident Bernard Noland, who was responsible for the construction of numerous Queen Anne-style houses in the area at the turn of the twentieth century. The Rachal Maynard House is one of the largest freestanding single-family dwellings in and is prominently set on a rise at the center of 15 th Street North in Fostoria. This impressive Queen Anne-style wood-frame structure rises two-and-a-half stories in height, on a raised foundation. Rectangular in form, the house is covered by an imposing clipped gable roof with expansive overhanging eaves, wide frieze with panels, ogee-molded architrave and bed molding, and paneled soffits. It is covered in weatherboard siding on the first story and staggered wood shingles on the upper stories. Noland s distinctive wrap-around porch has paired Tuscan posts set on a paneled plinth and square balusters. The roof of the porch is encircled by rectangular paneled plinths and square balusters. The asymmetrical fenestration included 1/1, double-hung and one-light casement windows, elongated jack-arched openings on the first story, semicircular-arched openings piercing the oriel windows, a large fixed oval window, and wide single- and double-leaf entry openings. A clipped front gable projects from the center of the roof, creating an internal dormer finished with staggered wood shingles, square balusters, solid bargeboard, and a Palladian window. The Washington/Torreyson Farm House at 1600 North Lexington Street is a vernacular I-house, sited on a high knoll overlooking. The construction date, based on historic documentation, occurred sometime between 1879 and The two-story house is wood frame, now clad in Hardiplank siding. Set on a continuous fieldstone foundation, the house is covered by a side-gabled roof of standing-seam metal. The symmetrical fenestration of

5 5 the façade is created by 6/6, double-hung, wood-sash windows and six-light casement windows of wood. A one-bay-wide front porch, reconstructed in 2007 to replace a circa 1940s porch, features chamfered wood columns and pilasters, a simple wood balustrade, and turned balusters. The house has undergone two distinct renovations since its initial construction, the first in the 1940s and the most substantial in 2007; however, the original main block remains intact. Fostoria, Over-Lee Knolls, and Section Two Over-Lee Knolls Subdivisions: More modest examples from the turn of the twentieth century, located in Fostoria along North McKinley Street and 14 th Street North, stand two-and-a-half stories in height and three bays wide with gable roofs. The majority of the examples, such as those at 1329 and 1339 McKinley Road, are wood-frame buildings clad in German wood siding with corner boards; a few examples have been reclad in vinyl siding. The porches, both full-width and wrapping, have turned wood posts with scrolled brackets. One example has been altered by the addition of a Craftsman-style porch with tapered wood posts set on concrete-block piers. The modest buildings are pierced by 1/1, double-hung windows and single-leaf doors, typically with ornate surrounds indicative of the Queen Anne style. Between 1900 and 1927, a substantial number of Colonial Revival-style dwellings were constructed in the Fostoria, Over- Lee Knolls, and Section Two Over-Lee Knolls subdivisions. The single dwelling at 1321 McKinley Road is an excellent high-style example of early-twentieth-century Colonial Revival-style architecture as presented in Highland Park-Overlee Knolls. Built circa 1915 in the Fostoria subdivision, the two-story, three-bay building features a side-gabled main block augmented by a two-story, front-gabled porch supported by Tuscan wood columns. The masonry building is constructed of stretcher-bond bricks with an exterior-end, shouldered chimney. The window openings have 6/6, double-hung, wood sash with rowlock sills. The single-leaf entry features a Colonial Revival-style surround with pilasters and a broken pediment. A more modest example of the Colonial Revival style, which is representative of the style in the late 1920s and early 1930s, is located at th Street North in the Section Two Over-Lee Knolls subdivision. Constructed circa 1925, this brick dwelling stands two stories in height with a side-gabled roof. The window openings have 6/6, double-hung sash with rowlock sills and jack arches composed of soldier bricks. A one-story, one-bay porch shelters the single-leaf, paneled wood door. The porch has a front-gabled roof with denticulated pediment, which is supported by wood Tuscan columns. There are several dwellings dating from the 1920s and 1930s that illustrate Craftsman-style detailing on the traditional bungalow, a domestic form that is not commonly found in this neighborhood. The distinctive style and low-lying form were typically constructed individually by new property owners or by home builders as speculative investments. The dwelling at st Street North, constructed circa 1935, is an excellent representative of Craftsman style and bungalow form as it was illustrated in Overlee Knolls. Set on a concrete-block foundation clad in stucco, this one-and-a-half-story house is constructed of wood frame that has been reclad in asbestos shingles. The side-gabled roof has overhanging eaves with exposed rafter ends and wood brackets. The one-story, one-bay entry porch is covered by a front-gabled roof that is supported by Tuscan wood posts. Fenestration consists of 6/6, double-hung windows and triple casement windows with a single light. : Traditional Forms and Styles of the 1920s to the 1950s experienced rapid growth during both of the post-war periods, specifically from the 1920s to the 1950s. New development, which included the platting of Parkhurst in 1938 and Over Lee Ridge in 1940, integrated many of the small house and neighborhood planning fundamentals promoted by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA). The resulting residential architecture in has little or no applied ornamentation, and consists largely of masonry buildings with rectangular forms and mass-produced building materials introduced and/or improved upon during World War II ( ). By the second quarter of the twentieth century, the modest Cape Cod, two-story rectangular box and the pyramidal-capped square box were the common domestic building forms in Highland Park-Overlee Knolls. Many of the buildings from this period have Colonial Revival- or Tudor Revival-style elements that are modestly applied. The first buildings in the neighborhood, especially those in Fostoria, were constructed of wood frame, but by the second quarter of the twentieth century, the buildings were constructed of concrete blocks faced in bricks and/or a variety of new materials, like those promoted by the FHA. Asbestos siding, aluminum siding, bricktex,

6 6 formstone, and pre-stressed concrete replaced traditional exterior materials such as weatherboard siding, vertical-beaded board, wood shingles, asbestos-cement shingles, and ornamental concrete blocks. This is evident in Over Lee Ridge, for example, where construction began in 1940 soon after the area was platted. The single-family dwellings in this subdivision were predominately erected by four builders, thus ensuring similarity in form and style, as well as materials. The house at th Street North, for example, is a two-story structure of concrete blocks with brick facing. The main block, extending two bays wide and two bays deep, has a side-gabled roof with corbeled cornice, shallow overhang, and exterior-end brick chimney. The primary entry opening holds a six-light, paneled wood door with Colonial Revival surrounds, wide frieze with architrave cornice, and inoperable louvered shutters. The three-sided bay window on the first story has a half-hipped roof and wide Tuscan pilasters that act as mullions. The frieze of the bay window has a scalloped motif. The central opening holds a twelve-light, fixed window flanked by 6/6, double-hung, wood-sash windows. The second story, marked by a projecting brick string course, has symmetrically placed 6/6, double-hung, wood-sash windows with inoperable louvered shutters. The side elevations of the building are veneered on the first story with brick, while the second story, as a means of reducing the cost of construction and materials, is clad in synthetic siding. The modest size of the dwelling, constructed by Colin C. MacPherson in 1942, is augmented by a one-story wing on the side elevation. The simplified form of the building and limited ornamentation, which became commonplace in Highland Park-Overlee Knolls, ensured low construction costs, which was essential during a period when many building materials were scarce and home ownership was a substantial investment for those with a middle-class budget. The house at 1601 North Nicholas Street is another representative example of the Colonial Revival style from the midtwentieth century as it was commonly presented in. Constructed in 1949, the house is one of several buildings erected by Snell Construction Company in the neighborhood that apply the Colonial Revival style to the traditional suburban form of a two-story rectangular box with one-story wings. Set on a solid foundation, the house is three bays wide, capped with a side-gabled roof of asphalt shingles. The masonry structure is veneered in six-course, Flemish-bond brick. Fenestration includes 6/6, double-hung windows that are also incorporated in a first-story bay window, and a single-leaf wood paneled door with lights. The centrally placed entry has a Colonial Revival-style surround with fluted pilasters and broken pediment. An exterior-end brick chimney rises from the side elevation. Onestory wings, original to the design, project from the north and south (side) elevations. Like the main block, the wings are veneered in six-course, Flemish-bond brick and covered by side-gabled roofs of asphalt shingles. This popular, and thus common, domestic form with Colonial Revival-style detailing continued to be erected throughout Highland Park-Overlee Knolls and Arlington County throughout the 1950s. In the Parkhurst Subdivision, there are fifty-one extant dwellings that are notably similar in form, style, and materials. All of the buildings were constructed by the Parkhurst Development Company between 1938 and 1940 following many of the ideals presented by the FHA. Located on North Madison Street and 21 st Street North, the various subdivisions making up Parkhurst incorporate a landscape park that visually and physically acts to enlarge the individual lots and create a secluded, non-urban setting. The buildings are nearly identical, standing one-and-a-half stories in height with Colonial Revival-style detailing applied to a Cape Cod form. The house at st Street North is a good illustration of the Cape Cod buildings in Parkhurst and throughout. Rising one-and-a-half stories in height, the wood-frame building is clad in vinyl siding, applied over the original asbestos-cement shingles. The building, three bays wide with a central entry, has a side-gabled roof of asphalt shingles. The roof is pierced by two front-gabled dormers with 6/6, double-hung, wood-sash windows. A large brick chimney, painted white, rises from the gable end. The single-leaf entry opening holds a wood-frame door with panels set under four fixed lights. The flanking window openings have 6/6, double-hung, wood sash with square-edged surrounds and wood sills. Other examples of this form and stylistic ornamentation are located in the original subdivision of Fostoria, especially along 18 th Street North and North Powhatan Street (south of 18 th Street North). These modest dwellings date from the early to mid-1940s and early 1950s, reflecting the tremendous need for housing prior to and following World War II. The dwelling at nd Street North, which is located in Section Two Over-Lee Knolls (this section was resubdivided in 1940 as Parkhurst Subdivision 3), presents the popular two-story rectangular box form augmented by a projecting entry bay that, because of its form and material finishes, provides individuality and architectural style. Dating from circa 1927, the two-story masonry structure is concrete blocks veneered in bricks laid in a five-course American-bond pattern and covered by a side-gabled roof. The Tudor Revival style is illustrated on the entry bay in the end bay. This projecting bay

7 7 is veneered in skintled brick and covered by a steeply pitched roof that slopes on the east side. The upper gable end, presumably constructed of wood frame, is covered with stucco and half-timbering of wood. The slope of the roof extends beyond the plane of the wall and is pierced by a semicircular-arched entry opening that leads to the side yard and driveway. The main block of the dwelling has single and paired 6/6, double-hung sash windows with rowlock sills and inoperable paneled shutters. The first story of the main block is sheltered by a front-gabled porch, which according to the Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps of 1936 and 1959, is an original feature. The porch is stylistically in keeping with the dwelling as originally constructed with half-timbering in the gable end, metal balustrade, and Tuscan wood posts. The neighboring house at nd Street North is similar in form, materials, style, and fenestration. Collectively these two buildings exhibit the work of a home builder who, although interested more in the sale of vacant, unimproved lots, occasionally constructed modest, economical housing to attract prospective residents to the area. Although reflecting a popular architectural style, the Tudor Revival houses were not commonly constructed in groups as was commonly the case with Colonial Revival-style Cape Cods and the two-story rectangular box. A singular example of the Tudor Revival style is found at th Street North in the Fostoria subdivision, which was then known as Highland Park. Constructed in 1951 by real estate investor Alfred T. Vest, this one-and-a-half-story, fourbay single dwelling has a rectangular plan set on a solid foundation faced in brick. The masonry structure of five-course Flemish-bond bricks has an exterior-front brick chimney with stuccoed double stacks and corbeled caps. The hipped roof is covered in asphalt shingles, features overhanging eaves, and has a plain frieze. The façade (south elevation) and west (side) elevation have projecting front-gabled bays that are covered in stucco and half-timbering. The building is fenestrated with triple ten-light and eight-light vinyl casement windows; paired six-light vinyl casement windows; paired one-light sliding windows; and a multi-light canted bay window. All windows have rowlock sills and narrow wood surrounds. A single-leaf, paneled wood door with lights pierces the façade. Although typical in form, materials, architectural style, and fenestration to many contemporaneous Tudor Revival-style dwellings in Highland Park-Overlee Knolls, this building is notably larger in massing, which is principally the result of its siting on an expansive triangularshaped lot at the intersection of 16 th Street North with 18 th Street North. Because the building actually fronts both streets, Tudor Revival-style ornamentation is not merely relegated to the façade, which was commonly the practice for economical reasons. : Modern Movement of the 1950s-1960s The last phase in residential construction in consisted of buildings reflecting the styles and forms popular during the Modern Movement following World War II. The form and style used for modern buildings abandoned historical precedent, had limited or eliminated ornamentation, and used organic and naturalistic construction materials. Identified forms include the ranch house, split-level, and what several builders termed California-type houses. Asbestos siding, aluminum siding, bricktex, form stone, and pre-stressed concrete replaced traditional exterior materials such as weatherboard siding, vertical beaded board, wood shingles, asbestos-cement shingles, and ornamental concrete blocks. The modest dwelling at th Road North is a representative example of the Modern Movement s modest recognizable domestic form the ranch house. Created as a developer house, the ranch house originated in California in the 1930s and quickly became the prevailing domestic house form, signifying the prosperity associated with private land ownership while being economical because of its modest size. As presented by Snell Construction Company in 1950, the house at th Road North is one story in height and asymmetrically fenestrated across the façade. This concreteblock dwelling is veneered in six-course, Flemish-bond bricks with a large brick chimney rising from the side elevation. The low-lying side-gabled roof, a dominating feature that enforces the horizontality of the ranch house, is covered in asphalt shingles. Unlike the popular bungalow and Cape Cod forms, the roof is devoid of dormers, further emphasizing horizontality. Fenestration consists of one-light, wood casement and fixed windows with brick rowlock sills. These window types combine on the façade to create two large picture windows, a feature of nearly all mid-twentieth-century housing to falsely enlarge the interiors by providing unobstructed exterior views. The single-leaf, paneled wood door in the center bay is ornamented with a Colonial Revival-style surround of engaged fluted pilasters. The inoperable louvered shutters framing the picture windows, molded wood entry surround, and the Flemish-bond brick veneer are clear attempts to recall traditional architectural styles utilized throughout the neighborhood that most prospective homeowners

8 8 recognized and desired in the years following World War II. As the dwelling at th Road North illustrates, the ranch houses in introduce a new housing type that was synonymous with the changing ideals of the mid-twentieth century, while attempting to gain public acceptance with traditional building materials and stylistic ornamentation. The ranch house form was commonly modified to meet the economic needs and existing topography of the locality in which it was being constructed. Three houses in a resubdivided section of Overlee Knolls reflect the adaptation of the ranch house by the construction firm of Zirkle & Mason in Located at North Nottingham Street, these houses are rectangular in form, lying low to the ground with the horizontal emphasis common to the ranch house. The buildings are economically constructed within inexpensive materials such as concrete blocks faced in a brick veneer. The low-lying side-gabled roofs are finished with asphalt shingles and have overhanging eaves with rake boards in the upper gable ends and the suggestion of cornice returns. Large exterior-end chimneys covered in brick project from the north side elevations of each building. Indicative of the period and this particular domestic form, the picture windows consist of a large center fixed pane flanked by narrower operable sash. The window opening illuminates the public living space, while the private rooms to the south of the main entry have smaller openings. However, unlike many contemporary examples, these smaller openings are larger than the traditional single sash, holding paired sliding windows; one example has replacement casement windows. The main entries, although located at the approximate center of the facades, appear to be recessed because of the slight projection of the southernmost two bays. The dwellings lack applied ornamentation such as cornice molding, sidelights, lintels, and corbeled chimney caps. Rather, the ornamentation is provided by the modest brick veneer that is laid in a six-course, Flemish-bond pattern and the fenestration, which unites the small interior spaces with landscaped yards marked by mature trees. The existing topography, which was unaltered most likely because of financial reasons, has greatly affected the design of the houses. As North Nottingham Street slopes upward from 22 nd Street North, the grade allows for the inclusion of a below-grade garage at 2207 North Nottingham Street. The lots on which 2211 and 2215 North Nottingham Street were constructed are level; thus, a below-grade garage was not economically favorable and would have greatly affected the construction price, and thus the sale price of the house. The inclusion of the garage is the only alteration to the standardized design plan utilized by Zirkle & Mason Construction in their interpretation of the ranch house form. A contemporaneous house, which was built by the construction firm of Brown & Westfall in 1955, is located at th Street North in Section Two of Over-Lee Knolls. Incorporating many elements embraced by the ranch house, the main block of the one-story dwelling stands a full story on its eastern side, thus presenting a split-level form. The concreteblock structure is veneered in five-course Flemish-bond bricks. Like the ranch houses on North Nottingham Street, the dwelling has a large fixed picture window with smaller flanking operable sash illuminating the public living space, which is open to the main entry vestibule on the interior. The bedrooms, bath, and family room are located in the two-story block, which is pierced by single double-hung sash that limits visibility from the exterior to these private rooms. A similar example, dating from 1960, is located at 2100 North Ohio Street. This split-level house has been dressed to reflect the Colonial Revival style, with sidelights framing the main entry, enclosed tympanum with round window, and projecting oriel window merging the interior with the landscaped yard. Additionally, the existing topography allowed for a below-grade garage under the one-story main block. The split-level form, although nationally popular, was not overwhelmingly accepted by builders and prospective residents of. Rather, it was replaced in the late 1960s and early 1970s by the split-foyer, which also was not commonly constructed primarily because much of the area had already been developed by the time this domestic form became favored nationally. One of the more interesting building forms identified from this last phase of development is a modest square structure capped by a pyramidal roof. This form, indicative of the Modern Movement, was identified by various builders working throughout northern Arlington County as the California-type house. It is easily identified by its distinctive roofline, double-shouldered exterior brick chimney rising from the façade, deeply recessed main entry, and window openings pushed to the outermost bays, sometimes wrapping around the corners. An advertisement in the Washington Post describes the interior of the building:

9 9 This California-type house continues to meet with public approval. All of the rooms are large and on the one floor. We have a beautiful foyer entrance and center hall. Extra large living room has wood-burning fireplace, 2 twin-sized bedrooms with delightful cross ventilation. 1 The three noted examples of the California-type house, identical in form, design, and materials, were constructed in the Over-Lee Knolls subdivision fronting 22 nd Street North. The modest single-family dwellings are one story in height, constructed of concrete blocks faced in stucco. The pyramidal roofs have wide overhanging eaves with narrow squareedged cornices. Each of the unadorned facades is dominated by a large exterior brick chimney with double shoulders and a corbelled cap. The stack of the chimney protrudes through the overhanging eave to read as an interior chimney above the roofline. The chimney is asymmetrically placed to the side of the deeply recessed main entry, which holds a single-leaf paneled door. A small window opening, illuminating the entry vestibule, is located between the chimney and entry. The wide window openings originally held metal casements windows, the majority of which have been replaced by vinyl casement or double-hung sash. These triple window openings are located in the outermost bays of the elevations. The three examples are located at nd Street North (1948), nd Street North (1949), and nd Street North (1949), all constructed by naval commander and lawyer John H. Gullett as speculative development. Educational Facilities The former Walter Reed Elementary School at 1644 McKinley Road is located on 10.7 acres of land, originally part of the Febrey farmland. Walter Reed School was constructed as a four-room school in 1938, and expanded in 1946, 1950, 1962, and 1967 to meet the burgeoning student population. The two-story school extends eleven bays wide and one bay deep with minimal fenestration on the side elevations. Reflecting the Classical Revival style, the rectangular school building is clad in three-course, Flemish-bond brick with brick quoins, concrete lug sills, wood cornice with ovolo profile, metal coping on the parapet wall hiding the flat roof and interior chimney, and concrete panel over the slightly projecting three central bays of the façade that reads Walter Reed Elementary School. The distinct fenestration includes large semi-circular windows of multiple lights with wide mullions; paired window openings rising nearly the full height of each story with multiple lights set over hopper windows; and a full-height central entry opening with double-leaf wood doors topped by a large semi-circular window. In 1982, the school was closed and students were relocated to a neighboring school that was losing enrollment. The building has recently undergone an extensive renovation, now housing the Westover Branch of the Arlington County Public Library. Commercial Buildings Commercial buildings are confined to Washington Boulevard, serving both the and Westover neighborhoods. The construction of the commercial buildings was largely in response to the development of Westover, a planned residential subdivision that was developed between 1939 and 1948 by Mace Properties and E. Ray Keene. The restriction of commercial development and community facilities to Washington Boulevard, the major thoroughfare through the area, illustrates FHA design standards for community planning. The neighborhood center, ensuring self-sufficiency, aided in the control of private commercial development by implementing land-use policies that restricted commercial outlets to a single-relatively small area. 2 Despite FHA s efforts to prevent strip retail development beyond the neighborhood center, in many instances outside developers constructed additional retail buildings in close proximity to the existing shopping centers. The developers strategy was based on the idea that new businesses, and therefore the developers as well, would benefit from the established commercial businesses. This resulted in the construction of commercial buildings on the south side of Washington Boulevard. Contemporaneous to Westover Shopping Center, which was constructed in phases between 1940 and 1950, the two-story building at Washington Boulevard originally contained three commercial storefronts, erected in 1941 by John O. Kines. Set at the corner of Washington Boulevard and McKinley Road, the Rice Building was constructed for James Rice. Rehabilitation of the original portion of the building has resulted in the loss of the individual storefronts. The masonry building is now covered in dryvit on the first story (a common alteration for commercial buildings) and veneered in six-course Americanbond brick on the second story of the primary elevations. A string course of rowlock bricks that acts as a continuous sill runs between the first and second stories; it is largely hidden by the dryvit and lighting boxes. A knee wall of terrazzo has been applied to the primary elevations along Washington Boulevard and McKinley Road. An exterior brick chimney rises

10 10 from the side elevation of the building, which is covered by a flat roof with metal coping. The building is fenestrated with one-light, fixed metal-framed store windows and paired one-light sliding windows on the second story. Exceptionally narrow 1/1, double-hung, metal-sash windows mark the western end bays on the second story. Fixed one-light windows in metal frames, both rectangular and round, are located on the primary elevation along McKinley Road. The canted corner of the building allows for the primary entry to the restaurant that now occupies the two easternmost stores. The westernmost store has a recessed canted entry created by plate glass windows with narrow metal frames. The three singleleaf entry openings have wood-frame commercial doors. Four storefronts in a one-story building were constructed in 1948 at Washington Boulevard by Biron & Biron for a Mr. Stiner. The topography of the site allows each of the four storefronts to read individually as the building steps upward from east to west on Washington Boulevard. Each storefront is two bays wide, including a recessed half-canted entry. Constructed of masonry, the building is veneered in five-course Flemish-bond brick, with an exterior-rear chimney rising from the south elevation. The flat roof is obscured by a parapet with a concrete cap. Brickwork on the parapet projects slightly to mimic modillions. Each storefront has metal-framed plate glass windows and wood-frame commercial doors. One-light transoms with hopper windows are located over the entry opening. Religious Facility: Church One of the most inspiring Modern Movement buildings in Arlington County is the Resurrection Evangelical Lutheran Church at 6201 Washington Boulevard. The original open-nave church was constructed in 1941 with a front-gabled roof facing Washington Boulevard. Beginning in 1958, a large one-story addition was constructed on the west side of the original 1941 structure, which was subsequently razed to allow the building to expand further. The rectangular 1958 structure has an open nave plan with a projecting bay on the east elevation (presumably the altar) and two-story educational facility on the west elevation. The new building is constructed of concrete blocks faced in six-course, American-bond brick with a molded stone water table. A steeply pitched side-gabled roof has a raked cornice, returns, a plain frieze board, and an ogee-profiled cornice. The projecting bay on the east elevation has a side-gabled roof that is steeply pitched, yet lower than that of the main sanctuary. The educational facility has a flat roof with metal cornice. There are two exterior-side chimneys constructed of brick located in the northwest corner of the building. Indicative of the Modern Movement, the main entry fronting Washington Boulevard is a two-story projecting bay with a flat roof and brick-veneered side walls. The façade of the entry bay is composed of plate glass set in narrow metal frames. The doubleleaf entry has commercial-style doors with sidelights. A tall bell tower veneered in brick rises from the west side of the main entry. The top of the tower is metal frame with three openings, each holding a bell. The top of the structure is crowned by a metal spire. The main sanctuary has 2/2 and 4/4, double-hung, metal-sash windows with stained-glass panels. The windows, grouped in pairs, have stuccoed spandrels. Large window openings covered by metal lattice mark the north and south elevations of the projecting bay on the east elevation. This bay also has small square window openings with fixed and sliding glass windows. A large cross filled with stained glass pierces the upper gable end of the east elevation. The two-story educational facility, which also contains the church offices, was completed in 1959 on the site of the original 1941 church. Constructed of concrete blocks veneered in six-course, American-bond brick, the educational facility has a design that is reminiscent of schools dating from the mid-twentieth century. The south, west, and east elevations have banked windows with metal spandrels and wide mullions that rise the full height of the building. The openings have one-light fixed windows with a one-light transom at the top and one-light hopper window at the base. The southern end of the west elevation is ornamented with pierced concrete screens with a floral pattern. The L-shape of the building provides a recessed entry along North Potomac Street. The double-leaf commercial-style doors with wide onelight sidelights are sheltered by a cantilevered flat roof with metal coping. Symmetrically placed above is a triple opening with wide metal mullions framing one-light, plate glass windows. Secondary Resources The secondary resources in consist of garages, carports, storage sheds, barbecue pits, studios, guesthouses, and an office. Garages were typically constructed at the time or shortly after the houses were built,

11 11 and reflect the same architectural design and details of the primary dwelling. Characteristically, the garages are one story in height and one bay in width with a concrete foundation, are of wood-frame construction, and have a front-gabled roof of asphalt shingles. The garages are generally located to the rear of the property, along a side elevation of the house, and are accessible by a paved driveway. Many of the garages have been reclad in vinyl or aluminum siding, while a small number exhibit the original weatherboard siding, asbestos shingles, or brick veneer. The garages are primarily fenestrated by multi-paneled, roll-up or double-leaf, strap-hinged wood vehicular doors. Storage sheds in are also characteristically one story high, one bay wide, and constructed of wood frame. The buildings have gable or shed roofs with single- or double-leaf entry doors. A large number of wood and metal prefabricated storage sheds, located to the rear of the properties, support the primary resources in Highland Park-Overlee Knolls. A few dwellings feature attached and detached carports along the side of the building. The carports are generally covered by a flat roof supported by metal posts. Integral elements in the design of the subdivisions, visually as well as socially, are the three planned parks and multiple bike paths that are centerpieces of the neighborhood. Parkhurst Park was established in 1939 when the subdivision of Parkhurst was platted along 20 th and 21 st Streets North. John Marshall Greenway located along the right-of-way of North Ohio Street north of the intersection with Washington Boulevard in Section Two of Over-Lee Knolls. The 21 st Street North/North Potomac Street Park is located in the right-of-way at the intersection of those two streets in the original subdivision of Over-Lee Knolls. A bikeway runs along the Ohio Street right-of-way between 22 nd Street North and Washington Boulevard, then runs parallel along the northern sound wall of I-66 between McKinley Road and North Quantico Street. This trail is accessible via McKinley Road, North Ohio Street, North Potomac Street, and North Quantico Street. 3 ENDNOTES 1 Display Ad, Washington Post, 28 May 1948: R7. 2 Richard Longstreth, The Neighborhood Shopping Center in Washington, D.C., , Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians (March 1992), Arlington County Department of Community Affairs Planning Division, Highland Park Overlee Knolls, Neighborhood Conservation Program, December 1982: 11.

12 Historic District Historic District Inventory Report Historic District In the following inventory, all resources have been considered either contributing or non-contributing based upon the areas of significance indicated under Criteria A and C under the themes of Architecture and/or Community Planning/Development, and based upon the period of significance that extends from circa 1879 through This period of significance was established through the archival research necessary to establish an historic context and the on-site survey that identified resources to support that context. Historic documentation (deeds and maps) coupled with on-site study have given the Washington/Torreyson Farm House a likely construction date of 1879 to Thus the period of significance for begins circa 1879 to capture the possible construction of this dwelling prior to the subdivision of Fostoria in The 1960 end date of the period of significance reflects the final development phase for the community, as well as the fifty-year mark used as a guideline by the National Park Service to develop historical perspective and to evaluate significance. Therefore, all non-contributing resources are either constructed before circa 1879 or after Additionally, although constructed within the period of significance, resources that do not retain sufficient integrity due to alterations and additions, and therefore cannot represent the period and areas of significance, have been deemed non-contributing. 14th Street North th Street North Other DHR-ID: Primary Resource Information: Single Dwelling, Stories 2.00, Style: Colonial Revival, th Street North Other DHR-ID: Primary Resource Information: Single Dwelling, Stories 1.50, Style: Colonial Revival, Dutch, th Street North Other DHR-ID: Primary Resource Information: Single Dwelling, Stories 1.50, Style: Colonial Revival, Cape Cod, th Street North Other DHR-ID: Primary Resource Information: Single Dwelling, Stories 2.00, Style: Other, ca th Street North Other DHR-ID: Primary Resource Information: Single Dwelling, Stories 1.50, Style: Colonial Revival, Cape Cod, th Street North Other DHR-ID: Primary Resource Information: Single Dwelling, Stories 2.00, Style: Colonial Revival, th Street North Other DHR-ID: Primary Resource Information: Single Dwelling, Stories 1.50, Style: Colonial Revival, Cape Cod, th Street North Other DHR-ID: Primary Resource Information: Single Dwelling, Stories 2.00, Style: Colonial Revival, th Street North Other DHR-ID: Primary Resource Information: Single Dwelling, Stories 2.00, Style: Colonial Revival, ca 1920