Employing a GIS-based Approach to Developing Presented by: Elisabeth Schuck, AICP Tindale-Oliver & Associates, Inc. Overview of Presentation 1 2 3 Demand Component Overview Traditional SGR Approach GIS Approach to SGR Historical Method 4 Volusia County (FL) Application GIS-Based Method 5 Other Applications of GIS 1
1 Demand Component Overview Basic School Impact Fee Formula Impact Fee = (Cost Credit) x Demand Asset Value per Student Non-Impact Fee Revenue per Student Students per Residential Unit 2
Student Generation Rate Student General Rate (SGR) Students per dwelling unit Varies by type of residential unit Life cycle of home District-wide approach Florida: School District = County 2 Traditional SGR Approach 3
Traditional Data Sources Source Data 1 2 3 Census (Total Count Derived from Sample) PUMS (Sample) School District Total Housing Units School-Age Population Students by Housing Unit Type Year 2000 Enrollment Issues with Data Sources Census/PUMS - outdated data Most recent from 2000 Derive totals from sample Land use definitions (mobile homes) PUMS: Counties combined/split to meet population requirement 4
PUMS Map Super-PUMA PUMA SuperPuma 12060 Potential Solution (Non-GIS) Augment housing unit data Building permit vs. Cert. Occupancy Issue: Basis for student distribution by housing unit type still 2000 data 5
Potential Solution (Non-GIS) Land Use Single Family Multi Family Mobile Home # Units (2000) 130,000 55,000 25,000 Potential Solution (Non-GIS) Land Use Single Family Multi Family Mobile Home # Units (2000) 130,000 55,000 25,000 # Bldg Permits (2000-2007) 15,000 5,000 1,000 6
Potential Solution (Non-GIS) Land Use # Units (2000) # Bldg Permits (2000-2007) #Units (2007) Single Family 130,000 15,000 145,000 Multi Family 55,000 5,000 60,000 Mobile Home 25,000 1,000 25,000 Potential Solutions Land Use/ Enrollment # Units (2000) Student Distribution Students (2000) Students/ Unit (2000) 2000 Enrollment 60,000 Single Family 130,000 80% 48,000 0.369 Multi Family 55,000 15% 9,000 0.164 Mobile Home 24,000 5% 3,000 0.125 Land Use/ Enrollment # Units (2007) Student Distribution Students (2007) Students/ Unit (2007) 2007 Enrollment 65,000 Single Family 145,000 80% 52,000 0.359 Multi Family 60,000 15% 9,750 0.163 Mobile Home 25,000 5% 3,250 0.130 7
3 GIS Approach to SGR Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Three-Step Process: 1. Availability of data Geocoded Student Addresses Property Parcel Database 8
GIS Approach to SGR Three-Step Process: 1. Availability of data 2. Spatial join Geocoded Student Addresses Property Parcel Database Current Distribution of Students by Type of Residential Land Use GIS Approach to SGR Three-Step Process: 1. Availability of data 2. Spatial join 3. Total # of residential units by type Property Parcel Database Extract Total Number of Housing Units by Land Use Type 9
Step 1 Data Availability Data required Geocoded student addresses Student Address Correct format to link to database No personal information provided Source: School District Parcel database Recently certified vs. working database Complete address, land use, unit data Source: Property Appraiser Property Parcel Step 2 Spatial Join Links student addresses to parcels Identifies type of land use of each parcel where student lives Student Address Property Parcel Current Distribution of Students by Type of Residential Land Use 10
Step 2 Spatial Join Geocoded Student Address Database 1 101 Birch St. 2 12 E. Hampton Dr. 3 1025 33 rd Ave N. 4 115 Simon Pl. 4 115 Simon Pl. 5 245 Citrus Circle 6 1135 W. Main St. 7 324 Morris Dr. Student lives in a single family home Parcel # Parcel Database Parcel Address Residential Land Use 100 901 Davis Ln. Single Family 101 2102 Sandy Shell Way Single Family 102 612 Beeler Dr. Multi Family 103 115 Simon Pl. Single Family 103 115 Simon Pl. Single Family 104 2513 12 St. S. Mobile Home 105 165 Apollo Lake Lane Multi Family 106 2163 17 Place N. Mobile Home Park Step 3 Total Number of Units Extract total number of residential housing units by type from parcel database Property codes identify type of residential land use Property Parcel Extract Total Number of Housing Units by Land Use Type 11
Student Generation Rate Formula For Each Type of Residential Land Use: Student Generation Rate = Number of Students Total Units 4 Volusia County (FL) Application 12
Step 1 Data Availability (Volusia) Volusia County Schools Provided geocoded student addresses Ensured address format would provide a match with Property Appraiser data Volusia County Property Appraiser Online database Used recently certified tax roll Step 2 Spatial Join (Volusia) Spatial join Provided 96% match Remaining 4% bad address data Not used in analysis Additional land uses encountered Residential/commercial structures Public housing units Behavioral institutions Agricultural land Unofficial mobile home parks 13
Single Family (89%) Multi Family (10%) Mobile Home Park (1%) Step 3 Total Number of Units (Volusia) Extracted total number of units Single family Multi family Mobile home park 14
Single Family (71%) Multi Family (21%) Mobile Home Park (8%) Step 3 Total Number of Units (Volusia) Land use property class code Property class vs. land use code Land use code more specific Parcel can have multiple land use codes What is dominant land use code? May lead to exclusions or double-counting 15
Step 3 Issues Encountered (Volusia) Multi family (parcels vs. units) 1 parcel = multiple dwelling units Remove commercial condo units Multiple queries required Public housing units 500 students in public housing units Assessed impact fee Units added to appropriate land use category Step 3 Issues Encountered (Volusia) Other nonresidential properties 1% students reside in parcel with nonresidential property class code Excluded from analysis Property Appraiser contact Databases often large and complex Knowledgeable contact very important! 16
SGR Analysis Summary (Volusia) Land Use SGR 2000 (Census) SGR 2007 (GIS) Percent Difference Single Family 0.367 0.322-12.3% Multi Family 0.141 0.123-12.8% Land Use SGR 2007 (Census w/ Bldg Permits) SGR 2007 (GIS) Percent Difference Single Family 0.332 0.322-3.0% Multi Family 0.133 0.123-7.5% Benefits of Using GIS Captures change in trends Trendlines vs. local, current data Florida Enrollment Trends 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% -1.0% Florida Hillsborough Volusia Santa Rosa Palm Beach -2.0% -3.0% 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Source: Florida Dept. of Education Capital Outlay FTE Forecast 17
Benefits of Using GIS Ensures both local and current data 2006 Florida Impact Fee Act Creates a baseline inventory Land use issues Mobile homes vs. parks Various types of multi family housing Tiering of single family land use 5 Other Applications of GIS 18
Other Applications of GIS Other applications of GIS Call-based data Link incident data to specific properties Assessments Others??? Questions / Answers Contact Information: Elisabeth Schuck, AICP eschuck@tindaleoliver.com (813) 224-8862 19
Land Use Code Example LUC 0110 Improved SFR 2-5 ac LUC 6802 Horse Training/Boarding Standard Lot Additional Lot Frontage LUC 0001 Vacant SFR >0.5 ac LUC 0036 Canal 20