' / SdD jrawcidco ^ Cultural mpact4 Doris Sloan and Tod Fletcher, editors # Senior Seminar June 1986 Environmental Sciences Group Major University of, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The members of the 1986 Senior Seminar wish to thank the following people for contributing their time and assistance to this project: Kipp Baron, graduate student, Zoology Department, University of, Berkeley, David F. Belk, Supervisor, Hazardous Waste Management, Environmental Health and Safety, University of, Berkeley,. Rick Bennett, Farm Advisor, U.C. Cooperative Extension, Santa Rosa, Jeffrey S. Blanchfield, Chief Planner, San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission, San Francisco, Leo Brewer, Professor, Department of Chemistry, University of, Berkeley, Jean Chapman, Biology nstructor, Solano Community College, Suisun City, Dr. Howard Cogswell, Ornithologist, Audubon Society, Hayward, Harvey Doner, Professor of Soil Chemistry, University of, Berkeley, Don C. Erman, Professor, Department of Forestry, University of, Berkeley, Anabelle Falconn, Assistant Project Manager, Santa Fe Land mprovement Co., San Francisco, Leora Feeney, Student Assistant Wildlife Biologist, Department of Fish and Game, Yountville, David Gan, Public Health Microbiologist, Department of Health Services, Berkeley, Richard Grassetti, Planner, City of Richmond, Richmond, Mable Green, Laboratory Assistant, Department of Public Health, University of, Berkeley, Michael Hanemann, Professor, Department of Agriculture and Resource Economics, University of, Berkeley, Tom Harvey, Wildlife Biologist, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Newark, Robert Hickman, Enforcement Officer, San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission, San Francisco, Bruce Jacobsen, Staff Research Assistant, Department of Sanitary Engineering, University of, Berkeley, Mary Lee Jefferds, Director, East Bay Regional Park District, Oakland, CA. Greg Karras, Research Associate, Citizens for a Better Environment, San Francisco, Paul Kelly, Wildlife Biologist, Department of Fish and Game, Yountville, Larry Kolb, Assistant Executive Officer, Regional Water Quality Control Board, Oakland, Judith K. Lemons, Assistant to Congresswoman Sal a Burton, Washington, D.C. Angela Manipis, Laboratory Manager, Department of Public Health, University of, Berkeley, Steve McAdam, Assistant Executive Director, San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission, San Francisco, Bob Merrill, Permit Analyst, San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission, San Francisco, - i -
Karen Miller, Fish and Wildlife Biologist, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Sacramento, Tom Morrison, Science Research Associate, College of Chemistry, University of, Berkeley, Barry Nelson, Program Director, Save San Francisco Bay Association, Berkeley, Terri Pencovic, Fish and Wildlife Biologist, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Sacramento, Alan R. Pendleton, Executive Director, San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission, San Francisco, David H. Peterson, Research Oceanographer, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, Dr. Margaret Race, Science Policy Analyst, Agricultural Experiment Station, University of, Berkeley, Michael Renslow, Manager, Pacific Aerial Surveys, Oakland, Vincent H. Resh, Professor, Department of Entomology, University of, Berkeley, Ed Roberts, Co-Director, Bair sland Project, San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory, Alviso, Randall S. Rossi, Planning, Environmental and Regulatory Coordinator, Port of San Francisco, San Francisco, Joan Seear, Laboratory Assistant, Department of Biology, University of, Berkeley, Joan Vilms, Executive Director, Sonoma Land Trust, Santa Rosa, Nancy Wakeman, Permit Chief, San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission, San Francisco, ZachWilley, Senior Economist, Environmental Defense Fund, Berkeley, Pete S. Williams, Assistant Superintendent, Quality and Environmental Control Division, Chevron, U.S.A., Richmond, Marcel la Winters, Laboratory Assistant, Department of Public Health, University of, Berkeley, Our thanks to Eric Mills for typing the manuscripts. - 11 -
" STATEMENT ABOUT THE AUTHORS This study has been completed by seniors in the Environmental Sciences group major at the University of, Berkeley. The Environmental Sciences major offers three fields of specialization -- biological science, physical science, and social science ~ from which each student selects an area of concentration. n their senior year, students in the major participate in a year-long group study. Pre paring this report provides Environmental Sciences students with the opportunity to examine practical environmental problems while gaining experience in field work, general research practices, and group! dynamics. This year's analysis of San Francisco Bay is particularly timely. There is now a growing awareness that the heath of the Bay is directly threatened by a variety of human activities, including water diversions, discharges of toxics, and development of wetlands. These activities are taking place within and affecting a complex environment which is not yet well-understood scientifically the Bay "system," with its broad bays, narrow straits, high tidal fluctuations, highly seasonal river flows, and diverse marginal habitats. Through selected site studies, analyses of water quality, soil toxicity, sedimentation, and investigations of economic and regulatory issues, this report provides an overview of natural processes within the Bay and the impacts of our culture upon it. The report was edited by Ooris Sloan and Tod Fletcher, and the frontispiece was prepared by Jeff Dhont. The following students contributed to this report: r i Debbie Anderson Nora Barlow Alex Battaglia John Thomas Bentivoglio Deborah L. Bisio Nancy Kum Rheyna Laney Maria Laxo Kimberly Lee Janet MacDonell Michael Brauer J.A. Phillips Lori A. Cheung Deborah A. Reagan Jennifer Cohen Diana Roth Jeff A. Dhont Nicole Somorjai Rebecca Dowdakin Michele Emerson Margaret Tanner Beth Touchette Erica N. Fono Rob Tuma Margaret Handley Wendy Walfoort Erin Hughes - m -
TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments i Statement About the Authors W SECTON. REGULATORY SSUES 1 Chapter 1. Chapter 2. THE CORPS OF ENGNEERS SAN FRANCSCO DSTRCT'S REGULATORY ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM: A CASE FOR LEGAL ACTON - John Thomas Bentivoglio 1 COMPLANCE WTH THE SAN FRANCSCO BAY CONSERVATON AND DEVELOPMENT COMMSSON'S PERMT AND CEASE-AND-DESST ORDER CONDTONS - Debbie Anderson 13 1 1 SECTON. STE STUDES - NORTH BAY 21 Chapter 1. PROPOSAL OF A NON-TDAL ESTUARNE CRCULATON MECHANSM OF SEDMENT TRANSPORT AT MARE SLAND STRAT - Jeffrey A. Dhont 21 Chapter 2. AGRCULTURE N THE NAPA MARSH AND TS MPACT ON THE NORTH BAY ECONOMY - Deborah A. Reagan 37 Chapter 3. BENTHC NVERTEBRATE SURVEY AT WHTE SLOUGH, VALLEJO, CALFORNA - Beth Touchette 47 SECTON. CENTRAL BAY STE STUDES 59 Chapter 1. METAL CONTAMNATON N SOL AT AQUATC PARK - Janet MacDonell 59 Chapter 2. METAL POLLUTON LEVELS N THE BRCKYARD - Deborah L. Bisio 67 Chapter 3. DEVELOPMENT OF THE PORT OF SAN FRANCSCO: THE OBJECTVES OF THE PORT COMMSSON - Nancy Kum 77 Chapter 4. ANALYSS OF GRAN SZE OF THE BERKELEY BEACH - Nora Barlow 85 Chapter 5. THE HSTORY OF BERKELEY BEACH - Margaret Tanner 93 1 * Chapter 6. CRTQUE OF FUTURE DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS FOR THE ALBANY WATERFRONT - Michele Emerson 103 SECTON V. SOUTH BAY STE STUDES 111 Chapter 1. EROSON OF SALT MARSHES ALONG THE EAST SHORE OF SAN FRANCSCO BAY - Erin Hughes Chapter 2. HSTORY OF LAND USE ON BAR SLAND - Diana Roth 121 Chapter 3. THE ALAMEDA COUNTY FLOOD CONTROL DSTRCT SEASONAL WETLANDS N UNON CTY: A QUESTON OF ACTON - Alex Battaglia 131 Chapter 4. A CENSUS OF AVFAUNA ON THE STE OF THE MARATHON PROJECT N HAYWARD, CALFORNA - Rebecca Dowdakin lj/ '' - iv -
f r Chapter 5. HSTORY OF THE MARATHON PROPERTY, HAYWARD, CALFORNA - Maria Laxo... 145 Chapter 6. HSTORCAL ANALYSS OF DUCK CLUB MANAGEMENT OF SEASONAL WETLANDS N THE SOUTH SAN FRANCSCO BAY - Erica N. Fono 155 SECTON V. BAY-WDE SSUES 165 Chapter 1. Chapter 2. FOUNDATON DESGN OF EARTHQUAKE RESSTANT STRUCTURES ON BAY AREA LANDFLL - Rob Tuma 155 AN ECONOMC ESTMATE FOR SPORTFSHNG ON SAN FRANCSCO BAY - Jennifer Cohen 177 Chapter 3. ECONOMCS AND RECREATONAL BOATNG ON SAN FRANCSCO BAY - Kimberly Lee "85 SECTON V. WATER QUALTY 191 Chapter 1. AN EVALUATON OF TOXC METALS MONTORNG N THE CHEVRON REFNERY DSCHARGE - Michael Brauer 191 Chapter 2. AN ANALYSS OF SELENUM LEVELS N SAN FRANCSCO BAY AND RELATED TREATMENT AND REMOVAL PROCESSES - Margaret Handley 199 Chapter 3. HSTORY OF WATER QUALTY DATA FOR STRAWBERRY CREEK OF THE UNVERSTY OF CALFORNA, BERKELEY CAMPUS - J.A. Phillips 207 Chapter 4. AN ANALYSS OF STRAWBERRY CREEK'S WATER QUALTY - Lori A. Cheung 223 Chapter 5. SURFACE WATER RUNOFF NTO THE NORTH BASN - Rheyna Laney 235 Chapter 6. AN ANALYSS OF POTENTAL ENVRONMENTAL MPACTS OF GRAYWATER DSCHARGE UPON WATER QUALTY N SAN FRANCSCO BAY - Nicole Somorjai... 247 Chapter 7. HSTORY OF HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATON N SAN FRANCSCO BAY - Wendy Walfoort «' J " - v -
^ Map of San Francisco Bay System and study locations for this report. Source: U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Map, 1:125,000. - vi -
" SECTON REGULATORY SSUES Chapter 1. THE CORPS OF ENGNEERS SAN FRANCSCO DSTRCT'S Chapter 2. REGULATORY ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM: A CASE FOR LEGAL ACTON - John Thomas Bentivoglio COMPLANCE WTH THE SAN FRANCSCO BAY CONSERVATON AND DEVELOPMENT COMMSSON'S PERMT AND CEASE-AND- DESST ORDER CONDTONS - Debbie Anderson J