AH383 Paris Architecture and Urbanism: From Monument to Urban Landscape Credits: 4

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1 20 May 2018 AH383 Paris Architecture and Urbanism: From Monument to Urban Landscape Credits: 4 Professor: Schedule: Office Hours: Structure: Contact: Tricia Meehan 10 sessions, 9am-1pm, Mon., Wed., Fri. Exceptions: Mon. 4 June, 1:30-5:30pm, Fri 15 June 9:00am-1:30pm & Mon. 18 June, 9:30am-1:00pm (visit only) Monday, 1:00-1:30 and by appointment 1/3 lecture, 2/3 visit triciam@bu.edu Course Material: - A Course Reader with the required readings (to be purchased by each student). - Paris par Arrondissement, L Indispensable, or equivalent, provided by BU Paris. - Thematic and Supplemental Readings accessible either in the BU Library or on our course Wordpress Site. - A list of Parisian libraries with pertinent collections accessible to students. I. COURSE PRESENTATION AND OUTCOMES This course traces the development of Parisian architecture and urbanism from the Roman period to the present, with a strong emphasis on the 19 th and 20 th century development of the city. It is designed to offer students a sense of the dynamic exchange between architectural space and form, urban development, the history of ideas and the larger economic, cultural and political history of Paris. The course is organized into four units of either two or three classes, each unit opening with a lecture at the BU Center followed by a visit. Assignments are cumulative, developed throughout the semester, through a thematic prism. Course objectives Identifying the forces shaping the architectural and urban discourse concerning Paris within international, national and local debates. This will include the identification of major tendencies as well as significant events, actors and projects. Understanding the evolution of policies and practices of the French State, the City of Paris and, more recently, the Île-de-France Region, which frame the intervention of public authorities in the domain of the built environment. Initiating students to the analysis of architectural and urban spaces and forms, in particular through observation, visual analysis and first hand experience. Accompanying students in the development of their own critical thinking skills through theme based course work pursued throughout the semester. Outcomes By the end of this course, students will be familiar with the major theoretical debates concerning the architecture and urbanism of Paris, as well as the key actors and objects animating these debates. They will be able to situate the evolution of the mechanisms of the urban and architectural development of the city of Paris and its region with respect to the economic, cultural, intellectual, political and social history of France. They will have developed a capacity to visually analyze architecture and the city through methods of observation, formal analysis and first hand experience. PLAU Summer 2018 Page 1 of 10

2 The students will work towards a thematic interpretation of the significance of architectural and urban projects within the rich matrix of meanings generated in this temporally layered city. II. ASSESSMENT AND GRADING Nota: Reading The required readings form the foundation of this course and are necessary preparation for inclass and on-site discussions, quizzes and course work. There are, on average, the equivalent of A-4 pages of required reading per class, to be done before each class. Attendance and Participation: 10% This grade takes into account not only attendance and punctuality but also the quality of a student s participation in class, meaning: attentiveness, enthusiasm, thoughtful contributions to discussions and progress. Students will be required once during the semester to prepare discussion questions for a visit based on their chosen theme. Quizzes: 2 quizzes factored together = 10% There will be two, knowledge-based, unit-focused quizzes. Quizzes will be based on the readings as they relate to site visits and could include slide identifications asking for essential information (architect, patron/client, approximate date, function, innovative features, etc ), identification of actors, definition of terms and/or a short answer question. Nota: Theme Based Coursework Students will select one of five themes through which to focus their investigation of Paris during the semester. These themes Conceptions of the City, Heritage, Infrastructure, Natural & Built Environment, Public Realm, Urban Dwelling will serve as a unifying lens through which to mark changes in urbanism and architecture across the city's 2,000-year history. Thematic Dossier 1: 35% Thematic Dossier 2: 45% Thematic Dossier 1 will explore the evolution of Paris through the comparison of two case studies, one coming from each of the first two units (Units 1 & 2). Thematic Dossier 2 extends the reflection of Thematic Dossier 1, seeking to situate late 19 th to early 21 st century developments in the context of Paris s year history. This will be done through the comparison of two case studies, one coming from each of the last two units (Units 3 & 4). The Thematic Dossiers should build upon readings, classes, visits and on-site presentations combining the thematic reflection with visual analysis. Required readings provide the common starting point, and students must select at least 1 thematic reading and 2 supplemental readings to underpin their analysis. Students may reference other sources as well. The dossier should include a typed essay, 4-5 pages for Dossier 1 and 5-6 pages for Dossier 2, with up to 3 additional pages of images. They must have proper footnoting and a bibliography. The text should be about 1/3 coming from sources so that you can situate in time what you are analyzing, and 2/3 coming from visual and experiential analysis, guided by a concept linked to a thematic reading allowing you to open up a thematic reflection. Compare and contrast works best if you discuss all your case studies in each point of the analysis. If you discuss them one at a time, you will be tempted to collect and regurgitate facts. Page 2 of 10

3 Students should strategically identify three points of comparative analysis for each dossier. With urban sites it is possible to consider three scales: 1) City Scale; 2) Neighborhood Scale; 3) Human Scale. Students might also consider working with linked concepts, like White s "Path, Portal, Place (in Carmona book). One strategy for an architectural study could include: 1) The question of type (typical organization and elements); 2) Relationships between interior and exterior spaces (connection to public realm, private outdoor spaces, etc); 3) Detail study (perhaps a façade, or a sequence of entertainment rooms, etc.) There many ways to structure a thematic analysis, so each student needs to develop something that will work for him or her. Research Methods There is not a single, methodological formula for analyzing architecture or the city. Both are complex phenomena that can be analyzed and understood from a multiplicity of points of view (formal, representational, social, economic, philosophical, political, technical, biological, ethnographical, anthropological, etc ). It will be necessary to mobilize critical thinking skills in order to develop a methodological approach that brings together each student s theme, case studies, interests and experiences in a strategic, structured analysis. For critical thinking skills see: Sylvan Barnet, Hugo Bedau and John O Hara, Critical Thinking, Reading and Writing: A Brief Guide to Argument, 9 th edition, Boston: Bedford/St Martin s Press, 2016 [1993]. Our site visits will experiment with observation, visual analysis and first hand experience, building upon notions mobilized in these works: Jan Gehl and Brigitte Svarre, trans. Karen Ann Steenhard, How to Study Public Life, Washington: Island Press, Public Space, Public Life: An Interaction; Who, What, Where?; Counting, Mapping, Tracking and Other Tools; Public Life Studies. Kevin Lynch, The Image of the City, 21 st edition, London: MIT Press, 1992 [1960]. - The Image of the Environment: Legibility, Building the Image, Structure and Identity, Imageability. - The City Image and Its Elements: Paths, Edges, Districts, Nodes, Landmarks, Element Interrelations, The Shifting Image, Image Quality. - City Form: Designing the Paths, Design of Other Elements, Form Qualities, The Sense of the Whole, Metropolitan Form. Pierre von Meiss, Elements of Architecture: From Form to Place, 2 nd Edition, Lausanne: EPFL Press, Phenomena of Perception; Order and Disorder; Measure and Balance; Fabric and Object; Space; Light and Shade; Places. Attendance Policy 1 absence, a required activity or in-class presentation = -1 point on the overall grade More than 3 unexcused absences = F for the course Unsubmitted written work; Absence for a presentation or exam; Plagiarism = F (0 points) for the assignment in question *Excused absences = absence for illness excused by the certificate of a French doctor or an internship interview. Tardiness The professor reserves the right to not admit a tardy student to class or to count a tardy arrival as either a half or a whole unexcused absence. Late arrival will impact the class participation grade. Late submission or written work will entail a penalty on the assignment grade. Written work submitted more than a week late will not receive credit (grade = F). Page 3 of 10

4 BU Plagiarism Policy All students are responsible for having read the Boston University statement on plagiarism, which is available in the Academic Conduct Code. Students are advised that the penalty against students on a Boston University program for cheating on the examinations or for plagiarism may be expulsion from the program or the University or such other penalty as may be recommended by the Committee on Student Academic Conduct, subject to approval by the dean. Read the full Academic Conduct Code online at: Grading Scale III. Calendar Session 1 Mon. 4 June 13h30-17h30 Topics and Readings * In BU Paris Library / **BU ebray / ***Course Wordpress Site UNIT 1 Lecture: Course Intro + The Origins of Paris (prehistory to 987) Visit: On The Traces of Roman, Merovingian & Carolingian Paris Itinerary: Cluny Thermal Baths, Mont Sainte Généviève, Arènes de Lutèces Assignments and Activities Theme Selection due Tues. 5 June at 5pm. Morris, A. E. J., Urban Form Determinants, in History of Urban Form: From Before the Industrial Revolution, 3 rd Ed., London: Longman, 1994 [1972], Sutcliffe, Anthony, Preface, 1. Architecture and the Capital City, in Paris: An Architectural History, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993, ix, 1-3, 207. Ayers, Andrew, Introduction: Paris Before the Second Millennium, Thermes de Lutèce, Arènes de Lutèce, Hôtel de Cluny, The Architecture of Paris, Stuttgart/London: Axel Menges, 8-9, , Session 2 Wed. 6 June ***Jones, Colin, Paris-Lutetia: From Earliest Times to c. 1000, in Paris: Biography of a City, London: Penguin, 2006, 1-14, 18-21, 25-36, ***Velay, Phlippe, The Early Empire, The Carolingian Period: The City of the Count and the Bishop, in From Lutetia to Paris: The Island and the Two Banks, Paris: CNMHS/CNRS, 1992, 20-27, 38-49, 52-57, , ***Vitruvius, The Site of a City, The City Walls, The Direction of the Streets, Public Space, in T. G. Smith (Ed.), M. H. Morgan & S. Kellogg (Trans.), The Ten Books of Architecture [c. 15 BC], New York: Monacelli Press, 2003, ( Lecture: Medieval Paris: The City as Cosmos ( ) Visit: The Île-de-la-Cité: The Heart of a Kingdom Itinerary: Notre-Dame de Paris and Sainte-Chapelle [12:30] *Jones, C., Queen of Cities c c. 1300, in Paris, op. cit., 37-45, 48-60, 71, Lilley, Keith D., Introduction: The City Cosmos Ideal, City and Cosmos: The Medieval World in Urban Form, London: Reaktion Books, 2009, 7-12, Organize discussion question sites during class. Page 4 of 10

5 Session 3 Fri. 8 June Stoddard, Whitney S., 13. The Cathedral of Paris, Art and Architecture in Medieval France, New York: Harper & Row, 1972, , 398. ***Suger, Abbott, XXVII. Of the Cast and Gilded Doors, XVIII. Of the Enlargement of the Upper Choir, On the Abbey Church of Saint-Denis and Its Art Treasures [c. 1148], 47, 49, 51, 53. ***Von Simson, Otto, 1. Gothic Form, The Gothic Cathedral: Origins of Gothic Architecture & the Medieval Concept of Order, 3 rd Ed., Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988, 3-8, Lecture: Classicism à la française: City and Nation ( ) Visit: Royal Urbanism and the Rise of the Marais Itinerary: Place des Vosges, Saint Paul-Saint Louis, Guimard Synagogue, Hôtels particuliers, Hôtel de Soubise [12:30] Ballon, Hilary, Introduction, Conclusion, in The Paris of Henry IV, New York/Cambridge, MA: The Architectural History Foundation/MIT Press, 1991, 1-13, , , Sutcliffe, A., 2. Paris at the Dawn of the Renaissance, in Paris, op. cit., 13-16, 207. ***Ballon, Hillary, The Place Royale, The Paris of Henry IV, NY/Cambridge, MA: The Architectural History Foundation/MIT Press, 1991, *** Jones, C., Grand Siècle, Great Eclipse, Paris, op. cit., , , ***Serlio, Sebastien, Book III. Chapter 3. On Antiquities, On Architecture [1540], Vol. 1, New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1996, , ***Sutcliffe, A., 2. Paris at the Dawn of the Renaissance, 3. Creating a French Urban Architecture, , in Paris, op. cit., 19-34, Session 4 Mon. 11 June UNIT 2 Lecture: From the Grand siècle to the Enlightenment: Towards an Urban Landscape ( ) Visit: The Louvre Quarter: A New Administrative Center for the City Itinerary: Collège de Quatre nations, Louvre s Cour carré, Rue de Rivoli, Palais Royal Cleary, Richard, Visions of the New Rome, in The Place Royale and Urban Design in the Ancien Régime, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, , Sutcliffe, A., 4. The Eighteenth Century: Architectural Harmonisation at the Close of the Ancien Régime in Paris, op. cit., 48-51, 58-59, 62-66, 209. Unit 1 Quiz Due: Abstract for Thematic Dossier 1 by e- mail the day after Session 4, by 5pm. Supplemental Reading Grand siècle: Ballon, H., Architecture and Imagery: The New Rome, in Louis Le Vau: Mazarin s College, Colbert s Revenge, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999, ***Jones, C., Grand Siècle, Great Eclipse, Paris, op. cit., , , ***Perrault, Claude, Preface, in Ordonnance for the Five Kinds of Columns after the Method of the Ancients [1683], Santa Monica: Getty Center, 1998, 47-51, 176. Supplemental Reading Enlightenment Bergdoll, Barry, 1, Neoclassicism, Science, Archeology, and the Doctrine of Progress, in European Architecture , Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, **Laugier, Marc-Antoine, 1. General Principles of Architecture in Essay on Architecture [1753], Los Angeles: Hennessey & Ingalls, 2009, Page 5 of 10

6 Session 5 Wed. 13 June Sutcliffe, A., 3. Creating a French Urban Architecture, , in Paris, op. cit., 39-41, 43-47, 208. ***Vidler, Anthony, The Rhetoric of Monumentality: Ledoux and the Barrières of Paris, AA Files, N 7, Sept. 1984, Lecture: From Revolution to Second Empire: The City as a Work of Art ( ) Visit: Modernity & Monumentality Itinerary: La Bourse, rue des Colonnes, Panorama Arcade, Grands Boulevards, Opera Garnier [12:00] Baudelaire, Charles, The Painter of Modern Life, [1863] in Jonathan Mayne (Ed. & Trans.), The Painter of Modern Life and Other Essays by Charles Baudelaire, London: Phaidon Press, Bergdoll, B., The City Transformed, in European Arch., op cit., Supplemental Reading Revolution, First Empire, Restoration: *Bergdoll, Barry, Revolutionary Architecture, The Bibliothèque of Ste. Genevieve, Industry and Style, in European Architecture, op. cit., , , ***Durand, Jean-Nicolas-Louis, Introduction, in Précis of the Lectures on Architecture, Vol. 1 [1809], 79-84, Levine, Neil, The Book and the Building: Hugo's Theory of Architecture and Labrouste's Bibliothèque Sainte Geneviève, in R. Middleton (Ed.), in The Beaux- Arts and Nineteen-Century French Architecture, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1982, *Sutcliffe, A., 5. Revolution, Empire and Restoration: The Implications for Architecture, , in Paris, op. cit., 67-69, 74-79, 81-82, 210. Supplemental Reading Second Empire: *Jones, C., 9. Haussmannism and the City of Modernity, , Paris, op. cit., , ***Olsen, Donald J., 2, The Monumental Impulse, in The City as a Work of Art: London, Paris, Vienna, New Haven/London: Yale, 1986, 9-11, 313. *Sutcliffe, A., 6. Paris as the Hub of French Industrialization: Building a European Capital Under the Second Empire, in Paris, op. cit., 83, 85-88, 91-93, , 104, Van Zanten, David, The Quartier de l Opéra, in Building Paris: Architectural Institutions and the Transformation of the French Capital , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994, ***Viollet-le-Duc, Eugène-Emmanuel, Style, in The Foundations of Architecture: Selections from the Dictionnaire Raisonné [1856], K. Whitehead (Trans.), New York: George Brazillier, 1994, Session 6 Fri. 15 June UNIT 3 Please note that class is from 9:00am-1:30pm. Lecture: Opulence & Misery: Two Tales of A Metropolis Visit: Western Paris The Design of Modern Life Itinerary: Housing Guimard, Abraham, Le Corbusier (Villa La Roche [12:45]) Sutcliffe, A., 7. After Haussmann: A New Paris in an Era of Alternative Architectures, , in Paris, op. cit., , , ***Curtis, William, 4. Rationalism, the Engineering Tradition and Reinforced Concrete, in Modern Architecture Since 1900, 3 rd Edition, London: Phaidon, 1996, *Jones, C., 10. The Anxious Spectacle, , Paris, op. cit., , 441, ***Loyer, François, The 1902 Building Code, in Paris: Nineteenth Century: NOTE: Due Fri 16 June by 6pm: Thematic Dossier 1. Submission by . Page 6 of 10

7 Session 7 Session 8 Mon. 18 June Wed. 20 June Architecture and Urbanism, Charles Lynn Clark (trans.), New York: Abbeville Press, 1988, ***Miller, Michael B., Selling Consumption, in The Bon Marché: Bourgeois Culture and the Department Store, , Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981, *Simon, Philippe, Modern Comforts, 1889: Living in Paris, Another Landscape, 1902: What Regulations for Paris, Paris Visite Guidée: Architecture, Urbanism, History and Actuality, Paris: Picard/Pavillon de l Arsenal, 2007, ***Sutcliffe, A., Introduction: Urbanization, Planning, and the Giant City in A. Sutcliffe (Ed.), Metropolis: , London: Mansell, 1984, 1-6, Please note that class is visit only, 9:30am-1:00pm. Visit: Eastern Paris Renewing the Fringe: Cités jardins and Habitations à bon marché Meeting Point: Porte de Lilas Metro (line 11) and Tram (T3b), corner of rue de Belleville and Blvd Sérurier, in front of McDonalds. Itinerary: Cité Jardin Pré-Saint-Gervais and social housing around the Reservoir de Lilas and the Butte du Chapeau Rouge. Sutcliffe, A., 8. The Modernist Challenge, , in Paris, op. cit., , , Fishman, Introduction, in Urban Utopias in the Twentieth Century: Ebenezer Howard, Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier, New York: Basic Books Publisher, 1977, 3-20, ***Colquhoun, Alan, Return to Order: Le Corbusier and Modern Architecture in France , in Modern Architecture, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002, ***Evenson, Norma, 5. A Place to Live, in Paris: A Century of Change ( ), New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979, ***Howard, Ebenezer, 1. The Town-Country Magnet, 12. Social Cities, in Garden Cities of To-morrow, London: Routledge, 1964 [1898], 50-57, *Jones, C., 11. Faded Dreams, Lost Illusions, , in Paris, op. cit., , , , ***Le Corbusier (Ed.), The Athens Charter [1943], NYC: Grossman, 1973, Lecture: Post-War Paris: The City of Tomorrow Visit: Rethinking the Center: The Marais, Plateau Beaubourg and Les Halles Sutcliffe, A., 9. The Vital Encounter: Modernity Versus Tradition in Post-War Paris, in Paris, op. cit., , , , 214. ***Hall, Peter, Paris, in The World Cities, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1984, *Jones, C., 12. The Remaking of Paris, 1945-c. 1995, in Paris, op. cit., , , ***Kain, Roger, Conservation Planning in France: Policy and Practice in the Marais, Paris, Urbanism Past and Present, no. 7, Winter 1978, pp ***Loew, Sebastian, Introduction, The History of Planning and Heritage Protection in France, in Modern Architecture in Historic Cities: Policy, Planning and Building in Contemporary France, London: Routledge, 1998, 1-10, 17-18, 21-25, ***Silver, Nathan. Meaning and Influence, in The Meaning of Beaubourg: A Building Biography of the Center Pompidou, Paris, Cambridge MA: MIT Press, 1994, *Simon, P., A City in Movement, 1954: Change of Scale; 1967: Lafay-Lopez Steering Plan, Paris Visite Guidée, op cit., Page 7 of 10

8 Session 9 Fri. 22 June UNIT 4 Lecture: Affirming the Cultural Quotient Visit: The Grands projets and the rebirth of the Canal d Ourq Itinerary: Parc de la Villette, Cité de la Musique, Philharmonie de Paris, Cité des Sciences, Conservatoire Sutcliffe, A., 9. The Vital Encounter: Modernity Versus Tradition in Post-War Paris, in Paris, op. cit., , , Looseley, David L., A Certain Idea of the City: The Presidential grands projets, in The Politics of Fun: Cultural Policy and Debate in Contemporary France, Oxford: Berg, 1995, Unit 3 Quiz. Due: Abstract Thematic Dossier 2 by e- mail the day after Session 9 Session 10 Mon. 25 June Gunn, Simon. The spatial turn: changing histories of space and place, in Simon Gunn and Robert J. Morris, (Ed.), Identities in Space, Contested Terrains in the Western City since 1850, Ashgate: Aldershot, 2001, *Jones, C., 12. The Remaking of Paris, 1945-c. 1995, in Paris, op. cit., , ***Lefevre, Henri, Space and Politics: Introduction, in Writings on Cities, Henri Lefebvre, Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 1996, *Simon, P., Return to History, 1977: A City Regenerated, The POS, Paris Visite Guidée, op cit., Lecture: Contemporary Paris Deindustrialization & the Livable City Visit: ZAC Stories: Bercy and Massena Itinerary: Bercy: Bercy Village, Bercy Park, Maison du Cinéma (Gehry), Housing, Palais Omnisport Bercy, Ministry of Economy and Finances. Massena: Bibliothèque nationale de France, Housing, Offices, Frigos, Grands Moulins, Jardins des Grandes Moulins. Sutcliffe, A., 10. Continuity in Paris: The Dynamics of A Unique Phenomenon, Paris, op. cit., Knox, Paul L., Conclusion: Toward Liveability and Sustainability, Cities and Design, London: Routledge, 2011, Fri. 30 June *Jones, C., Conclusion: Big Projects in a Bigger City Paris in the Twenty-First Century and Paris at a Glance, in Paris, op. cit., ***Lubell, Sam, Introduction, in Paris New Architecture, New York, Monacelli Press, 2007, ***Panerai, Philippe, Jean Castex, et al., Building the City: , in Urban Forms: The Death and Life of the Urban Block [1997], London: Architectural Press, 2004, *Simon, P., Paris Actuality, 2000, Paris Visite, op cit., Thematic Dossier 2 due by 11:00am. Submission by . Due: Thematic Dossier 2. Page 8 of 10

9 IV. FURTHER READING Websites: Monum/Mairie de Paris, Paris, A Roman City, APUR, Portail Cassini, (historic maps). Batiparis, (interactive map showing when each parcel was built on) Selection of Books available in the BU Paris Academic Center Library (English books in blue): The Pantheon: Saint Geneviève Abbey Church, Beaux-Arts, Collection 1 monument, 1 architecte, «La Grande Arche», Beaux-Arts, 1990 (in Italian). «Les Invalides et le Musée de l Armée», Beaux-Arts, hors série, Ayers, Andrew, The Architecture of Paris: An Architectural Guide, Stuttgart: Axel Menges, Ballon, Hilary, The Paris of Henri IV: Architecture and Urbanism, Cambridge, MA: MIT, Barnet, Sylvan, Hugo Bedau and John O Hara, Critical Thinking, Reading and Writing: A Brief Guide to Argument, 9 th Ed., Boston: Bedford/St Martin s Press, Benjamin, Walter, Paris, Capital du XIXe siècle, 6e éd., Éditions Allia, Bergdoll, Barry, European Architecture , Oxford: Oxford University Press, Bibliothèque nationale de France: Le site Tolbiac, Bordeaux: Arc en rêve centre d Architecture, Blasselle, Bruno et Jacquliene Melet-Sanosn, La Bibliothèque nationale de France: Mémoire de l avenir, Paris: Gallimard, Bonnet, Jean-Claude, Le Paris de Louis Sébastien Mercier : Cartes et Index, Paris: Mercure de France, Borgé, Jacques et Nicolas Viasnoff, Archives de France: Paris, Bray et Lu: Éditions Michèle Trinckvel, Carbonnières, Phillipe de, Lutèce: Paris ville romaine, Paris: Gallimard, Cars, Jean des et Pierre Pinon, Paris / Haussmann, Paris: Pavillon de l Arsenal / Picard, Casselle Pierre et Françoise Masson, L Hôtel de Ville de Paris, Paris: Imprimerie nationale / Mairie de Paris, Chadych, Danielle et Dominique Leborgne, Atlas de Paris: Évolution d un Paysage urbain, Paris: Parigramme, Cohen, Jean-Louis and Bruno Fortier, Paris Les Ville et ses Projets / Paris: A City in the Making, Éditions Babylone /Pavillon de l Arsenal, Cohen, Jean-Louis et André Lortie, Des Fortifs au Périf: Paris, les seuils de la ville, Paris: Pavillon de l Arsenal / Picard, Colin-Bertin, Françoise, Les Îles de Paris, Rennes: Éditions Ouest-France, Colson, Jean et Marie-Christine Lauroa (dir.), Dictionnaire des Monument de Paris, Paris: Hervas, Colson, Jean, Paris: From Its Origins to the Present Day, Paris: Éditions Hervas, Combeau, Yvan, Histoire de Paris, Que sais-je? 3é éd., Paris: PUF, Coupière, Pierre, Paris through the Ages, M. Low (Trans.), NY: Georges Braziller, Demory, Jean-Claude, Le Métro de chez nous, Boulogne: Éditions MDM, Druon, Maurice, The History of Paris from Caesar to St Louis, H. Hare (tran.) New York: Charles Scribner s Sons, Dupavillon, Christian, Francis Lacloche, Le Triomphe des Arcs, Paris: Gallimard, Evenson, Norma, Paris: A Century of Change, , New Haven: Yale University Press, Fierro, Alfred, Histoire et Dictionnaire de Paris, Paris: Robert Laffont, Gaillard, Marc, L Arc de Triomphe, Amiens: Martelle, Gaillard, Marc, Paris Ville Lumière, Amiens: Martelle Éditions, Gaillard, Marc, Paris, de place en place: Guide historique, Amiens: Martelle Éditions, Gehl, Jan and Brigitte Svarre, How to Study Public Life, K. A. Steenhard (trans.), Washington: Island Press, Groetschel, Yves, Les transports publics à Paris, Paris: Village communication, Groetschel, Yves, Paris, histoire d eau, Paris: Village communication, Hillairet, Jacques, Connaissance du Vieux Paris, Paris: Payot et Rivages, Page 9 of 10

10 Jones, Colin, Paris: Biography of a City, London: Penguin Books, La Madeleine, Éditions du Cerf, Lambert, Guy (dir.), Les Ponts de Paris, Paris: Action artistique de la Ville de Paris, Lavenu, Mathilde et Victorine Mataouchek, Dictionnaire d Architecture, Luçon: Jean-Paul Gisserot, Lemoine, Bertrand, La Tour de Monsieur Eiffel, Paris: Gallimard, Lemonier, Marc, Promenons-nous à La Défense, Paris: Parigramme, Loyer, Françoise, Paris Nineteenth-century: Architecture and Urbanism, NY: Abbeville Press, Lynch, Kevin, The Image of the City, 21 st Ed., London: MIT Press, Mairie de Paris, Les Ponts de Paris, Direction générale de l information et de la Communication, s.d. Marie de Paris, Les Églises à Paris, Direction générale de l information et de la Communication / Direction des Affaires culturelles, s.d. Marrey Bernard avec Marie-Jeanne Dumont, La Brique à Paris, Paris: Pavillon de l Arsenal / Picard, Pinon, Pierre et Bertrand Le Boudec, Les Plans de Paris: Histoire d une capital, Paris: APUR/BNF, Pitte, Jean-Robert, Paris: Histoire d une ville, Paris: Hachette, Plagnieux, Philippe, La basilique de Saint-Denis, Paris: CNMHS/Éditions du Patrimoine, Simon, Philippe, Paris Visite Guidée: Architecture, Urbanism, History and Actuality, Paris: Picard/Pavillon de l Arsenal, Sutcliffe, Anthony, Paris: An Architectural History, New Haven: Yale University Press, Vélay, Philippe, De Lutèce à Paris: L Île et les deux rives, Paris: CNMHS/CNRS, Von Meiss, Pierre, Elements of Architecture: From Form to Place, 2 nd Ed., Lausanne: EPFL, The professor reserves the right to modify the course syllabus Page 10 of 10