Problems W Urbanizatio

Transcription

1

2 Problems W ith Urbanizatio n

3 The CAUSES of Urbanization I. Four factors responsible for urbanization A. American agriculture mechanized i. Farms don t need a large workforce (machines do the work) ii. Rush from rural to urban areas to Bind work B. American Industrialization increased i. The increase in American industry demanded an increase in the labor force located in urban cities ii. American citizens moved from rural environments to urban cities to work in new industrial jobs. C. American immigration increased i. Immigrants begin rushing into America for opportunity ii. Employment, escape starvation, refugees D. New technologies allowed American urbanization to take place: i. Steel, skyscrapers, elevators, electricity, subways allowed cities to form

4 Urbanization I. Rapid urbanization occurred in the late 19 th century in Northeastern cities (NYC, Boston, Philly, Pittsburgh) A. Americans began moving to cities II. New industrial jobs led many Americans to seek a better life in urban areas III. Immigrant populations also grew in American cities due to employment opportunities & available housing

5

6

7

8 Americanization Movement I. Many Americans feared that the high increase in the number of immigrants would lead to a loss of American culture II. The Americanization Movement was created to assimilate immigrants into American culture A. Want immigrants to act like Americans III. Immigrants were taught English, American history, cooking & social skills

9 Early Urban Life I. Despite the Americanization movement many immigrants moved into neighborhoods with others from the same country. A. Many immigrants did not want to Americanize; happy with their cultures and wanted to keep them B. They could hear their own language, eat familiar foods, and keep their customs. II. Due to the low wages of industrial jobs most immigrants lived in tenements A. Poorly built, overcrowded apartments B. Low income housing (ghettos & projects)

10 Tenements I. High numbers of immigrants were forced into tenements along with other native born Americans II. A lot of people were forced to live in very small spaces. III. Few or no windows to let in fresh air and sunshine IV. Tenements had no indoor plumbing and immigrants lived in disgusting conditions V. Diseases (cholera, tuberculosis and inbluenza) spread quickly in these crowded neighborhoods

11

12

13

14

15

16 Exposing Tenements I. Reformers and organizations soon stepped in to assist the urban poor II. Journalist & photographer Jacob Riis exposed the horrible conditions in New York tenements in his book How the Other Half Lives. A. Discussed the terrible conditions of immigrants in NYC tenements B. Gained support from rich Americans to do something about the tenements in NYC III. Cities began passing laws to address the horribic conditions of tenements A. Air shafts, outside windows (air), indoor plumbing, safety features

17

18

19

20

21

22 Do Now I. Visit Google Classroom II. Open the document titled: How the Other Half Lives III. With a partner read the excerpt from the document IV. The class will read the document together V. Answer the questions that accompany the document

23 PROBLEMS W ITH URBANIZAT IO N

24 Urban Problems I. American cities grew incredibly fast during the late 19 th century II. The problem à American cities grew too big too fast III. Cities struggled to provide the necessary services & safe living conditions for the residents

25 Urban Problems I. Housing II. Transportation III. Water IV. Sanitation V. Fire VI. Crime

26 Urban Problems I. Housing: Overcrowded tenements were unhealthy places to live. A. People died due to unsafe living conditions II. Sanitation: Garbage often was not collected and polluted the air. A. Living in Iilth leads to death & diseases Famous photographer Jacob Riis captured the struggle of living in crowded tenements

27 Harper s Weekly image of Chicagoans fleeing the fire over the Randolph Street bridge in 1871 III. Transportation: Cities struggled to provide adequate transit systems. IV. Water: Without safe drinking water cholera and typhoid fever were common V. Crime: As populations increased thieves Ilourished. VI. Fire: Limited water, wooden structures, and the use of candles led to many major urban Iires.

28 Urban Solutions I. Housing: cities passed laws forcing land lords to improve tenements (air shafts, windows, indoor plumbing) II. Transportation: cities provided mass transit (subways, streetcars) III. Water: cities opened water Biltration methods but struggled with clean water IV. Sanitation: cities created waste departments for trash collection and opened sewers for human waste V. Crime: cities created police departments to control crime VI. Fire: cities provided full time Bire departments to Bight Bires

29 Reform Arrives I. As urban problems continued to grow many reformers sought to better the lives of immigrants and urban poor II. The Social Gospel Movement preached salvation through service to the poor. A. Churches began assisting urban poor in an effort to get to heaven B. God wants the rich to help the poor (religious obligation) III. Some reformers established Settlement Houses: A. Settlement houses provided assistance to urban poor B. Offered a place to stay, educational classes, health care and other social services C. (Ex: YMCA, organizations to help poor & needy)

30 The Hull House I. The Hull House was the most famous and recognized of the settlement houses II. The Hull House was founded in Chicago, IL by JANE ADDAMS III. The Hull House and other settlement houses provided assistance to urban poor

31 ARE YOU WITH ME??? 1) What four factors led to urban growth in the U.S.A.? 2) What is the Americanization movement and why did many immigrants Bight against it? 3) What is the name for the homes that immigrants and urban poor were forced to live in during the late 1800s? 4) Who exposed the terrible conditions of urban cities & in what book? 5) List and explain 5 problems that urban cities faced during this time period? 6) What was created to address the problems of urban poor? What is the name of the most famous one?